Protection of concrete rings from groundwater. Do I need to seal the sewer rings? Reasons for waterproofing concrete rings. Technology for waterproofing a well from the outside. Tools and materials

Wells are a source of drinking water. They are also associated with sewerage installations. In both cases, high-quality waterproofing of the well is required. It is performed using various special mixtures and compositions.

Wells can be divided depending on the functions they perform:

• ordinary, their walls are destroyed over time under the influence of groundwater, which is why sand particles, chemicals, petroleum products, wastewater, etc. can get inside, after which the water becomes polluted and can no longer be considered drinking;
• septic tanks, the contents of which should not fall into groundwater; without them, no sewage system can be built;
• technical (they contain taps, pipes, branches, etc.), where there should be no water so that the entire structure remains serviceable and a minimum level of humidity is maintained inside.

Features of waterproofing

When wells have been in use for a long time, cracks may form in its walls. Moisture begins to penetrate through them. Water may also seep through the joints between the rings.

To avoid such problems, it is necessary to perform high-quality waterproofing of wells, which involves the following technological processes:

• finishing the seams formed by adjacent rings;
• treatment of microcracks and all surfaces of rings.

Well insulation includes two types of work:

• external (labor-intensive, but effective);
• internal.

First, the joints and seams are sealed. To ensure a long service life for the structure, wells should be waterproofed from the inside as well as the outside. To avoid water penetration through the joints, it is recommended to use modern compounds and mixtures. If the work is hampered by constantly flowing water, then it should be drained or pumped out.

You can prepare the mixture yourself by mixing PVA glue with cement. The composition should have such a concentration that it can be easily taken with a spatula. For the first layer it is more convenient to use liquid mixture, which is easy to apply with a brush. Waterproofing the seams of a well can be done with geotextiles, which are used to seal the joints very tightly. And the top is covered with liquid glass.

The surface of the rings becomes loose where water seeps in. This layer of concrete must be carefully removed and the wall cleaned with an iron brush. Inter-ring seams and areas around the junction of communications should be grooved and cleaned. It is also necessary to prepare the surface adjacent to the seam to a width of up to 150 mm. If the reinforcement is exposed as a result, it needs to be assessed. If rust appears, it must be removed and the metal treated with an anti-corrosion mixture.

When waterproofing a well is carried out in order to eliminate a pressure leak, a cement mortar is used (or special composition). Sealing of joints is carried out after wetting the concrete surface with water. It is placed tightly with a spatula into grooves no more than 30 mm thick (or make several passes). You can reduce the consumption of the composition by adding fine crushed stone to the mixture (up to 50% of the total volume of the solution). Waterproofing of wells in wet soils is carried out 0.5 m above the calculated level of passage of high waters, taking into account their capillary rise.

Filtration of water through the walls can be prevented if the ring is treated with a protective composition in 2 layers (the specific number is indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging). First, the surface must be cleaned and moistened (it is best to use a spray). Then apply the composition with a brush or using a mortar pump. The second layer is applied to the slightly set and moistened first layer.

The waterproofing layer is finally formed within 3 days. During this time, the surface must not be subjected to mechanical damage, as well as low temperatures. First (for 2 weeks), the waterproofing should be constantly moistened to prevent cracking. To prevent moisture evaporation, the container must be covered with a special film. After sealing the seams in the well, it is necessary to analyze the water and make sure that it is clean and not hazardous to health.

Waterproofing of septic tanks

When constructing sewer wells, reinforced concrete rings are used, which are laid to the required depth. In septic tanks, high-quality waterproofing prevents wastewater from seeping into the ground. Sealing prevents groundwater from penetrating into the container.

It is necessary to ensure that the waterproofing of sewer wells guarantees the absolute tightness of the structure (when the volume of wastewater exceeds 1m³). If the capacity is smaller, then you can install a septic tank from which sewage exits into the ground through the filter bottom.

When wastewater contains detergents or other chemical compounds, it is allowed to construct only sealed structures.

If there is a well with drinking water on the plots, then it is recommended not to consider the option of sewer wells with a filter bottom at all.

The entire surface from the inside must be coated with some kind of sealed compound. Today the following materials exist:

• dry;
• containing epoxy resins that are resistant to aggressive compounds (gasoline, chemicals);
• liquid two-component.

External waterproofing

Reliable external waterproofing of the well prevents the negative influence of groundwater on the walls of the structure. It is more convenient to carry out such work during the construction of the well.

If an existing water source is being repaired, then soil is dug out around it to a depth of 3-4 m. Next, the following work is performed:

• loose concrete is removed;
• the surface of the walls is cleaned of all unnecessary things (dirt, salt deposits, mold, moss, etc.);
• Rust is removed from the exposed reinforcement, and the metal is coated with an anti-corrosion agent.

External waterproofing of a well can be done using the following materials:

• rolls (roofing felt) are applied to special mastics;
• cement mortar, which is used to repair damage and construct a blind area;
• penetrating compounds;
• waterproof expanding (or non-shrinking) cement used for shotcreting.

When performing sealing with roll materials, the following actions are performed:

• to ensure the necessary adhesion, a primer is applied; 3 layers of a bitumen-gasoline mixture can be applied (a cement gun or sprayer is used for this);
• after drying, the walls are repaired (damages are repaired), cement mortar can be used for this, but it is better to mix it with PVA;
• patches dry out;
• the surface is primed again;
• the walls are covered with a coating material (tar or bitumen mastic), 3-4 layers of waterproofing are applied on top;
• the seams are coated with mastic.

If impregnation is used, a number of operations are performed:

• the moistened surface of the walls is lubricated with a mixture of deep penetration;
• later the impregnation is applied a second time;
• After 72 hours, the layer dries; to prevent the surface from cracking, it should be moistened.

Sealing of sewer wells is carried out in the same way.

When shotcreting the walls of a well, the following sequence of actions is performed:

• a layer of cement (thickness 5-7 mm) is applied using a gun;
• after 10-12 days the solution will set;
• the coating must be moistened in order for it to crack;
• the 2nd layer is applied.

External waterproofing of the well is carried out to the very top. The space around the container is filled with sand mixed with gravel and compacted. A cement blind area is made on top. It is recommended to install a clay “castle” around the structure to drain away precipitation.

When arranging a container around the rings, you should leave a trench (about 50 cm wide), which must later be filled with clay. It is necessary to form a slope above the ground so that precipitation flows away from the structure. The upper rings retain high-passing groundwater. The above-ground layer protects the container from precipitation.

Waterproofing from the inside

For internal waterproofing modern method a special environmentally friendly complex is used that does not affect the taste drinking water. The following materials are used:

• two-component coating mixture;
• a solution consisting of cement and polymer modifiers, which are used to repair damage; it has good adhesion;
• instant-hardening cement composition, “hydraulic plug” for heavily leaking areas.

Before waterproofing the inside of an existing well, it is necessary to pump out water from it. After this, you should identify damaged areas and perform the following actions:

• the walls are cleaned of loose concrete, moss and dirt;
• cracks are cut to a depth of 20-25 mm and treated with a metal brush;
• the seams widen and deepen to 25-30 mm;
• if water flows, then you must immediately close it with a “hydraulic plug”;
• cleaned cracks and seams are sealed with repair mortar;
• when the patches have set, coating insulation is applied to the pre-moistened surface with a brush, which is diluted to the desired consistency in accordance with the instructions;
• the mixture is applied in 2 layers from bottom to top, the walls are coated again after the first has dried, complete hardening occurs within a day.

If you waterproof a well correctly, it will serve faithfully for many years.

• How is a well waterproofed from the outside?
  • Waterproofing wells from the outside: sequence of actions
    • Method using rolled waterproofing materials
    • Method using impregnation and shotcrete of well walls
    • How to waterproof sewer wells from the inside?
    • How to seal the bottom of a well with your own hands?

Some believe that to protect the well, only a cover that can cover it from precipitation will be enough. You should know that this is not the case. If the well does not have good waterproofing, after a while it may begin to shallow, and the water in it will become undrinkable.

Waterproofing of wells can be of two types:

1. External insulation is difficult to perform, but it is the most effective.
2. Internal insulation.

If you waterproof the inside and outside at the same time, you will be able to protect the well for a long period and get clean drinking water.

How is a well waterproofed from the outside?

Such insulation is needed in order to minimize or completely eliminate the impact of groundwater on the walls of the structure.

It is recommended to carry out this work at the stage of constructing wells. If waterproofing is carried out later, a large amount of excavation work will need to be done in order to be able to reach the walls. However, it happens that it is cheaper to repair an existing well than to build a new one.

To waterproof the sewer, you will need the following materials:

1. Most often, bitumen-based roll materials and mastics intended for them are used for external insulation. In this case, you can use materials for penetrating waterproofing or an expanding cement mixture that does not allow water to pass through. If cement is used, then you will need to purchase a cement gun.
2. A cement solution so that damage to the base can be repaired and a blind area around the structure can be made.
3. Purified clay and sand with large grains will be needed in order to create a good castle against precipitation.

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Waterproofing wells from the outside: sequence of actions

1. If a well is in use, its outer walls must be cleared to the maximum depth (more than 4 m).
2. Loose concrete mortar will need to be removed using a jackhammer.
3. The outer base must be thoroughly washed and cleaned of dirt, salt deposits, etc. To do this, you can use any tools - spatulas, metal brushes. After the surface has completely dried, it must be subjected to control cleaning and dust removed.
4. If after removing the damaged concrete mixture the reinforcement will be exposed, it will be necessary to remove the corrosion and coat the metal with anti-corrosion agents.

There are several ways to waterproof a sewer.

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Method using rolled waterproofing materials

1. It will be necessary to apply a primer to be able to obtain the necessary adhesion of materials intended for waterproofing the walls of the structure. A primer such as concrete contact is best. You can also use a solution of bitumen and gasoline. This solution will need to be applied by spray.
2. After the primer has dried, you can begin to repair the walls, sealing large cavities and potholes. At this stage you need to do level base. For this you can use ordinary cement mortar, but it will take a long time to dry. It is recommended to use a mixture of sand and cement with PVA glue. After the solution has hardened, the surface will need to be treated with a primer again.
3. You will need to apply a coating material to the walls - tar or bitumen mastic, onto which you will then need to stick roofing material in 3-4 layers. The seams also need to be coated with mastic.

Bitumen-based mastic often cracks, so it is not recommended to use it.

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Method using impregnation and shotcrete of well walls

1. The surface of the walls is moistened, after which it is coated with a deep penetration waterproofing compound.
2. Next, impregnation is applied, after which the surface is left for 3 days.
3. To prevent the composition from starting to crack during the drying process, you will need to moisten it and avoid mechanical stress.

The method of shotcreting the walls of a well is as follows:

1. Using a gun you will need to apply a cement layer 6-7 mm thick.
2. Next, you need to wait 11-12 days for the layer to set.
3. The cement coating must be protected from cracking, so it should be watered every 4 hours during hot periods and every 13-14 hours during cold periods.
4. The second layer is applied.

External waterproofing of the well is carried out up to the top edge of the structure.

Experienced builders advise making a clay castle around the well, which will drain water from precipitation from the outer base of the walls. The diagram of such a gate is shown in Fig. 1.

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How to waterproof sewer wells from the inside?

If external waterproofing cannot be carried out, internal insulation must be performed.

You will need the following materials:

1. An elastic mixture of polymer and cement, which is applied by coating.
2. Fast drying cement composition. It will need to be used as a hydraulic plug in places where there are active leaks.

The technology for performing the work is as follows:

Figure 1. Construction of a clay well lock.

1. Water must be pumped out of a functioning well so that the lower joint is exposed. During the work, you will need to ensure that the water level does not rise.
2. Next, the base is prepared: weak spots, mud deposits and areas of damaged concrete mixture are identified.
3. Damage is cleaned to “healthy” concrete. The cracks need to be cut at an angle to a depth of 23-25 ​​mm and cleaned with a stiff metal brush.
4. The joints of the rings need to be expanded to a depth of 28-30 mm. If a leak starts during the gating process, it should be immediately closed with a hydraulic plug.
5. The entire base is cleared of dirt deposits. All potholes and other defects must be repaired with a cement mixture to create a level base. Further work is carried out after the mixture has completely hardened.
6. After cement mixture Once it hardens, the sewer wells are waterproofed using coating materials. To do this, the base of the walls is wetted.
7. An insulating compound is applied from bottom to top in several layers. The walls are treated with another layer only after the first layer has completely dried. The composition will harden in approximately 24 hours.

If you have built a concrete well on your plot of land, it would be a good idea to think about protecting it. After all, the constant presence of water inside, as well as groundwater, can adversely affect the strength of the walls of an underground tank. How is a concrete well waterproofed? What materials are used for this? The answers will be found in this article.

There are several reasons for this, and they depend on the purpose of the well. Drinking wells must be treated with waterproofing materials. After all, these are sources of water that they drink and cook food from. Therefore, the water there should be crystal clear.

But groundwater washing the outer walls of wells is destructive. Cracks appear in the reservoirs, and everything that flows along with groundwater - clay, feces, herbicides settled in the soil, nitrates, organic decomposition, salts, oil products - gets inside and pollutes the source of drinking. Such water cannot be saved either by filtration or boiling.

Using water contaminated with hazardous substances is strictly prohibited.

If the container is built for technical purposes, there should be no moisture in it at all. After all, there are taps, pipe branches, and other communications. Dampness and moisture in such wells will lead to the development of corrosion, rot, and, as a result, to the destruction of the walls of the structure. Therefore, technical concrete wells must be waterproofed.

If the well is built for sewerage, waterproofing is used to prevent waste from escaping through the walls of the sewer mini-pool and to protect the water from contamination.

Types of waterproofing and types of materials used

Waterproofing of concrete wells is divided into external and internal. The first takes more labor and time, but is more effective. Several types of materials are used to waterproof an underground concrete structure:

• bitumen mastics;
• rolled materials;
• two-component cement-polymer materials;
• substances for impregnation.

For external protection of wells, roll insulators, bitumen mastics, cement mortars, and impregnating materials are used. Let's look at some of them in more detail.

Carrying out work

External waterproofing is carried out in multi-layers with additional use polyester fibers, non-woven reinforcing mesh. It is better to carry out waterproofing during the construction of the well in order to avoid additional labor costs for digging the ground and cleaning the walls of the mini-pool from contamination. But it is possible to protect a functioning well from further destruction. To do this, the earth is dug to the entire depth of the structure so that there is access to its walls from all sides.

The loose part of the concrete coating is beaten with a hammer. If the fittings become visible, they also need to be cleaned of corrosion and coated with an anti-corrosion agent. All well rings are washed and cleared of moss, mold, and other contaminants. Chisels, metal brushes, spatulas, and drill bits are useful for this. After the structure has dried, clean the walls again. Then begin the waterproofing process.

Application of roll waterproofing

First, go over each ring with primer. This will provide excellent adhesion between the waterproofing materials and the walls of the well. When the primer has dried, examine the walls for damage, cracks, or chips. If any are present, cover them with a thick cement-sand mortar with the addition of PVA glue. This mortar sets faster than a simple cement mortar. Using the solution, bring the surface of the mini-pool to a perfectly smooth state. After the cement layer has dried, go over it again with a primer.

Next, apply tar or bitumen mastic to the walls. Some craftsmen prefer the first option, arguing that the bitumen mixture may crack. Glue roofing felt or other waterproofing material on top of the mastic in several layers. The joints between strips of material are also coated with mastic.

Impregnation of walls

Here, after cleaning, the walls are not primed. They need to be moistened, soaked in a deep penetration waterproofing liquid, treated with the same product again, and left for four days. You can prevent the liquid from spreading during drying by constantly moistening the impregnated surface. And also make sure that there is no mechanical damage to the impregnation.

External waterproofing is carried out along the entire height to the upper edge of the wells. When filling a hole, a sand and gravel mixture is used, mixed with soil, which is thoroughly compacted during the process.

Internal waterproofing

Here we use environmentally friendly two-component cement-polymer products that do not have any harmful chemical effects on drinking water. Therefore they are safe for people. Similar products include the compositions AQUAFIX, MEGACRET-40, AQUAMAT-ELASTIC.

Carrying out work

If we're talking about about a functioning well, then first you need to pump water out of it to the very bottom, and until the end of the work, make sure that the water level does not rise. Next, check and eliminate weak points, clean the walls from various contaminants. Clean up damaged concrete. Cut cracks up to 25 mm deep, then clean them with a metal brush.

The seams between the well rings are cut to a depth of 30 mm. If a leak forms during this time, it is immediately sealed with the AQUAFIX “hydraulic plug” mixture. Using the MEGACRET-40 repair mixture, cracks and potholes are filled and the inner surface of the well is completely leveled. Then you need to wait until this layer completely hardens.

Next, the pre-moistened walls inside the well are coated with AQUAMAT-ELASTIC waterproofing solution. This product must be diluted to such a consistency that it can be easily spread with a wide brush. In this case, the brush is directed from bottom to top. This product is applied in two layers. Before applying the second ball, you should wait until the first one dries. Complete hardening of this solution occurs in about two days.

When waterproofing wells, you should not forget about the joints between the rings. In this case, craftsmen use two-component products designed to seal well rings.

Separately, you need to take care of waterproofing internal seams. Solutions designed for this can be purchased at hardware stores. The product is applied and leveled with a spatula. In sewer and technical pools, the seams between the rings are treated with liquid rubber or liquid glass. These products provide increased waterproofing of the object.

Seams are also protected from the effects of water in wells by applying special cement-polymer mixtures or by applying cement mixed with PVC glue. You need to dilute the cement in the glue gradually, bringing the solution to the consistency of very thick sour cream.

Bottom insulation

During construction, a special slab with a protrusion is placed at the bottom of the concrete well, ensuring accurate alignment of the lower ring. The resulting joint is carefully sealed. This is done in several ways:

• Before installing the first ring, a special waterproofing cord is placed in the place where the well will stand, which swells several times as humidity increases, thereby insulating the bottom of the well.
• Rolled waterproofing materials are also effective here. The bottom of the well is thoroughly cleaned of dirt and debris, filled with bitumen mortar, and covered with roofing felt with a 20-centimeter overlap on the walls. To ensure that the bottom of the well is protected, roofing felt is placed in several layers. Additionally recommended upper layer Coat the roofing material with mastic, pour a 10-centimeter ball of gravel on top.
• In drinking pools, the seams between the bottom and the first ring are covered with MEGACRET-40 repair mixture. When the first layer is applied, waterproofing tape should be applied to it. Finally, the joint in two layers is treated with AQUAMAT-ELASTIC.

When a private homeowner hears the word “well,” it evokes two associations: sewerage and a source of water. Every home owner wants well water not to acquire an odor and taste over time. Wastewater, A sewer tank needed pumping as rarely as possible.

The sewer septic tank must be located at least 50 meters from the source of drinking water.

This can be achieved by waterproofing the wells, which will affect the quality of the water, as well as how often the septic tank will be filled.

Waterproofing a well carried out in accordance with SNiP can prevent the seepage of wastewater into groundwater, which will not allow it to fill the container, especially during the flood and rainy season. If waterproofing is carried out bypassing SNiP or completely bypassing it, drinking wells will be filled with contaminated water, which can be hazardous to health.

Tools and materials

• metal brush;
• brush;
• reinforcing mesh;
• waterproofing compounds depending on the chosen method.

Features of waterproofing

Septic tanks can be considered a rather problematic structure from the point of view of sanitation and hygiene. SNiP clearly prescribes the rules according to which wells must be constructed, which in particular involves their waterproofing.

Thus, waterproofing wells that have sewerage purposes is designed to ensure the highest degree of tightness of the structure, while the volume of wastewater exceeds 1 m³. If the container has a smaller volume, it is allowed to install a septic tank, which involves the release of sewage into the soil, provided that the system has a filter bottom.

SNiP also provides for the presence of residual detergents or other chemicals in the drains - in this case, the system must have an exclusively sealed container. If the only source of drinking water on your site is a well, the option of a septic tank that has a filter bottom should not be considered.

If the surface of the sewer well is excessively damaged, and cleaning cannot be done with a brush, you should use a jackhammer, which will help in the fight against loose concrete base. Next, you can make a fine, which needs to be given a U-shape, its dimensions should be 25x25 mm, and it should be positioned along the length of the junctions and seams that run along the circumference of the communications entry into the internal space of the well.

It may be necessary to eliminate leaks under pressure, for which the following types of solutions are perfect: “Peneplug” or “Waterplug”. Waterproofing should be done in leak cavities; to do this, the material must be pressed, holding until it sets. Next comes the turn of the Penetron mixture, which must first be prepared.

It will be used when treating the internal base of the leak. It will be convenient to apply using a brush. The final stage will be eliminating the leak using Penecrit, which will act as the last layer of treatment of the seams of the sewer well. Its consumption will be 2 kg/dm³. Penetron consumption is 0.1 kg/l.m. The resulting fines formed along the length of the seams must be filled using Penecrit, the consumption of which is 1.5 kg/l.m.

When waterproofing the outside of a well, the surface must be maintained for two weeks. If the concrete inside the sewer well is so damaged that the process of getting rid of the loose layer has caused the reinforcement to be exposed, this area should be repaired by removing the remaining concrete around the circumference of the reinforcement, which involves its complete exposure.

If the reinforcement is already subject to rusting processes, then it must be removed from corrosion using a chemical or mechanical method. The metal must be coated with a high-quality anti-corrosion agent to help prevent further corrosion processes.

Types of wells

If you purchase a ready-made fiberglass or plastic well, its tightness is provided at the manufacturing stage. But often, to equip a septic tank, reinforced concrete rings are used, immersing them to the required depth. If you follow the rules of SNiP, the bottom must have a concrete base, and the inner surface must be covered with sealant - some craftsmen, when waterproofing wells, cover only the joints of the rings with the composition.

SNiP allows the use of dry waterproofing mixtures, compositions with epoxy resins, and liquid two-component sealants as a sealing agent for the internal surface of a septic tank. Each of these compositions can confidently be called an excellent waterproofing agent. And if waterproofing wells is carried out using epoxy composition, their surfaces will not be afraid of aggressive chemical substances type of gasoline, etc.

Image 1 illustrates a penetrating type waterproofing device. The well in this case is made of reinforced concrete rings.

Waterproofing sludges (dry mixtures containing sludge) have the following positive characteristics:

• short-term hardening;
• the mixture does not form cracks;
• surfaces treated with such compounds acquire the ability to cope with severe loads;
• the surface after treatment becomes resistant to cold and the effects of various salts that enter the soil along with precipitation;
• such mixtures are completely impermeable to water.

Advantages of epoxy resins:

• high mechanical strength;
• chemical resistance;
• slight shrinkage;
• excellent adhesion.

Waterproofing carried out with bituminous materials is not in all cases capable of providing the required level of safety; in addition, the material is quite vulnerable to mechanical stress and is destroyed after exposure to certain chemicals. As an alternative, you can consider sprayed waterproofing, which allows you to achieve a seamless coating.

Its durability is not so impressive and is limited to 25 years. Such material must be applied exclusively to a surface previously prepared in a special way, which involves a lot of labor and a significant waste of time. In addition, the sprayed material is quite expensive and its effectiveness is low.

If you do not want to use expensive materials to seal well joints, you can use thick hemp ropes. They should be driven into the seams, and the resulting surface should be covered with cement mortar. The method is good, but not for drinking wells. This is due to the fact that if the hemp is constantly in humid environment, it will begin to undergo rotting processes, which will turn the material into a source of infection, this will worsen quality characteristics drinking water.

Installation

According to SNiP, before you begin waterproofing wells, you need to prepare their inner surface, regardless of whether you carry out the work yourself or entrust this task to professionals. To do this, use a metal brush to treat the surfaces of the walls and the bottom of the wells.

SNiP involves applying a sealing compound exclusively to a clean surface, so using a brush, you should rid the walls and bottom of dust, traces of cement mortar, etc. These measures are necessary to ensure that the waterproofing mixture penetrates as deep as possible into the thickness of the concrete, filling the voids.

According to SNiP, seams and joints need to be sealed first. In order for the mixture to “grip” more firmly, the joint should first be moistened. Afterwards, you can begin to apply the waterproofing composition, which should be done with a brush. In this case, the well at the joints must be treated with a composition intended specifically “for joints,” as indicated in the instructions.

Waterproofing wells at the next stage involves treating the walls and bottom. To do this, the surfaces must also be thoroughly moistened. Concrete should absorb as much water as it can. Afterwards, you can begin to apply a layer of waterproofing mixture. According to SNiP, several layers should be applied to the surface, starting the next one only after the first has completely dried. In this case, the entire surface must be re-moistened.

Image 2 shows a technical solution that involves installing external and internal waterproofing of the well. According to SNiP, the well must be processed at the seams, on the inner and outer surfaces, and you can determine what material to use for this yourself. So, in this case, polyurethane sealant was used in the seams, which is highly elastic. The inner surface of the well is processed using reinforcing mesh.

Waterproofing can be carried out with the number of layers recommended by the manufacturer. After the well is sealed, you need to wait about 3 days - this is the time it will take for the composition to harden. During this period, the surface of the walls and bottom of the well should not be subjected to mechanical stress. According to SNiP, insulation work must be carried out at positive temperatures, this is important, since otherwise the mixture after application will not be able to gain the necessary strength.

After insulation, the surfaces to be treated must be kept moist to help prevent cracking of the material. It is preferable to moisturize using a sprayer. If you are deprived of the opportunity to wet the surface several times a day, the well - all its walls and bottom - should be covered with a film, which will reduce the evaporation process.

Methods of water protection

Waterproofing a drinking well can be done using PVA glue and cement. To do this, you need to prepare a thick mixture by slowly pouring cement into the PVA, while stirring the resulting mass. There are no exact proportions, the main thing is to pour cement until the mixture reaches such a consistency that it can be taken with a spatula. Afterwards, using the ready-made composition, you can seal the seams formed by the concrete rings.

A special method of preparing the mixture for the first layer will increase the level of penetration of the waterproofing composition into concrete: the composition must have a liquid consistency so that it can be applied with a brush. In this case, the seams should be driven as deep as possible. After waiting for the first layer to dry, you can begin applying the second layer of the thick mixture.

If you adhere to building codes, work on waterproofing a drinking well can be carried out using ready-made mixtures. They will be somewhat more expensive, but they are more convenient to use. This mixture should also be placed into the seams with a spatula, and the surface of the joints should be moistened in advance.

The use of geotextiles for waterproofing involves the use of liquid glass during the work. The first thing to do is to pack geotextiles into the seams as tightly as possible. A finished surface The seam must be insulated with liquid glass. In addition to the seams, you need to cover up every flaw in the well (pits, cracks, etc.), this measure is necessary, since such damage in its untreated form will eventually allow water to leak into the concrete ring.

You can also protect the well from moisture penetration using a waterproofing lock. The method, unlike the previous ones, involves isolating the outer walls from the influx of overhead water. During the installation of the rings, a trench should be left about a couple of meters from the surface of the earth near the walls, the width of which should be 50 cm. It should be filled with clay.

On the surface of the earth, the clay should be laid with a slope, so that rainwater flows away from the well. This method gives the three rings located on top the ability to prevent nearby groundwater from passing through, and the clay laid on the surface layer will isolate the walls of the well from precipitation.

Wrapping the well in several layers of polyethylene will enhance the insulation of the outer walls. You can secure it with waterproof tape or a glue gun.

A universal way to restore lost waterproofing is to insert a plastic liner. If problems with waterproofing were discovered during the operation of the well, mistakes were made in the insulation work. To avoid emergency repairs, you should trust the work to highly qualified teams, and if the work is carried out by you personally, you need to follow the rules prescribed in SNiP.

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Next, you need to process the seams and junctions. To do this, you will need a dry mixture to waterproof the joints. The groove needs to be moistened and primed with a solution of this material in one layer. Material consumption in terms of dry mixture is 0.1 kg/linear m, if the groove size is not less than 25*25 mm. The prepared groove must be filled with a solution of the material. This can be done using a spatula or a screw mortar pump. The thickness of the layer of material solution at a time should not be more than 30 mm. If the groove is deeper, then the material is applied several times. To reduce the consumption of penetrating concrete waterproofing when waterproofing a groove whose cross-section is larger than 30*30 mm, you can add fine washed crushed stone (5-10 mm) to the solution in an amount of 50% by volume. It is advisable to moisten the groove and surrounding areas and treat it with a solution in 2 layers.

The consumption of penetrating waterproofing of concrete per dry mixture, if the groove is 25*25 mm, is 1.5 kg/linear m. If the cross-section is larger, then the material consumption changes proportionally.

Then it is necessary to treat the surfaces of the concrete rings. To eliminate and prevent capillary filtration of water with your own hands, you need to treat the surfaces with a solution of penetrating concrete waterproofing.

After the surfaces are cleaned and moistened, you need to apply a solution of penetrating concrete waterproofing in 2 layers with a synthetic fiber brush or using a mortar pump with a spray nozzle. The first layer is applied to wet concrete. The second one is similar to the fresh one, but already set. Before applying the second layer, you need to moisten the surface a little.

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of seams with tape

The sealant tape consists of aluminum foil very good quality and an adhesive layer, which is made on the basis of bitumen. If you press the adhesive layer to the surface, a reliable waterproof layer is created. This ensures high-quality sealing of the seams.

This waterproofing process is a simple, but high-tech and reliable way to waterproof a well. The main thing is that the joints of the rings are cleaned of dirt and laitance. Before lowering it into the well, it is necessary to place a self-adhesive sealant tape on the upper joint around the circumference of the entire ring with the protective paper film facing up. It must be pressed firmly along the entire circumference to the concrete. After this, the protective film is removed. This method is used to install all the rings except the top one, since it protrudes above the ground level and insulation is not needed on top of the well. The seam area of ​​the sealant tape must be processed in this way: the two ends of the tape joint must be cut at an angle of 30-40 degrees and manually glued together by compression. Consumption of sealant tape per 1 KS ring: 10-9=3.4 m.

The main thing is that when lowering each subsequent ring there is no shift with the displacement of the tape. Waterproofing tapes have a fairly high water and gas impermeability and resistance to wear, which can be caused by mechanical and weather influences. They are also resistant to acids, salts and alkalis. These tapes have great adhesive properties. Therefore, they can be used for waterproofing various reinforced concrete and concrete structures. To achieve maximum waterproofing effect, the material must be compressed in thickness by 20-80% of its original size.

All the tips will help you make high-quality waterproofing yourself, without resorting to the help of specialists, and also save money. And by doing everything yourself, you can be sure that the water will be tasty and also provide health benefits.

There are several ways to build a septic tank. The most popular is laying out two or three chambers from ready-made concrete rings. This method is considered relatively fast, although it requires the use of special equipment and compliance with a number of building codes and financial costs.

Waterproofing concrete rings is one of the most important stages in constructing a septic tank. If this work is carried out incorrectly, you will not have to wait for a long and full operation. Waterproofing is in progress various methods and materials. It is important to find out about everyone, evaluate and choose the most suitable one.

Many of us perceive reinforced concrete structures as something very strong, almost indestructible. In fact, in an aggressive environment the following can happen:

• leaching of concrete body;
• reinforcement corrosion;
• deterioration of load-bearing properties;
• loss of structural qualities.

If a concrete structure is located underground, its repair is a highly complex and expensive matter.

What is meant by an aggressive environment? First of all, soil water. They contain a certain amount of acids or alkalis. Their concentration is quite low, but over many years chemical reactions show themselves to the fullest.

The destructive effect of the contents of any septic tank is beyond doubt. The chemical composition of wastewater can very quickly, within a few years, manifest all its corrosive properties.

Waterproofing a septic tank from concrete rings from the inside during the construction phase will strengthen the entire structure and extend its service life for many years. And it will also save owners and visitors of the land plot from many unpleasant consequences of violating the integrity of the septic tank. These consequences include: the penetration of wastewater into the soil, its contamination with microorganisms and the well-known “toilet smell” in the air.

Opponents of septic tank insulation claim: this event is completely useless. The reason is the composite nature of the structure. An earthquake and/or soil that has “floated” after melting snow or heavy rainfall will easily lead to displacement of the concrete rings relative to each other. The integrity will be broken, and with it the waterproofing layer.

You should not take such arguments on faith, and for the following reasons:

• concrete rings for a septic tank can be firmly connected using plates or clamps;
• there are rings with special locks;
• Some waterproofing techniques almost completely eliminate the displacement of rings.

Important: if the waterproofing of a septic tank made of concrete rings from groundwater is performed poorly or in violation of technology, the consequences will be exactly the same as if moisture protection had not been carried out at all.

Exist different kinds waterproofing. Work using some methods requires the use of special equipment. Some technologies are only available to professionals. There are waterproofing methods that are available for DIY. Regardless of the chosen method, it must be presented at least in general outline.

In the process of designing a septic tank, future owners often have a question: what shape and width should the pit be? The shape in this case is not important; it can be round, rectangular or irregular. Width is a more important indicator. The pit for the septic tank should not only allow the installation of reinforced concrete rings there. Additional space should be planned for further sealing and waterproofing work.

Types of waterproofing

They differ in materials, processing methods and final cost.

Penetrating

Many experts recognize this method of protecting concrete as the best. It is carried out with the help of special chemical compositions. Special substances penetrate deeply into the concrete body, fill all existing voids and crystallize.

Penetrating waterproofing is known for its “smart” effect. When humidity decreases, crystallization decreases; when humidity increases, it accelerates. If a crack appears in the concrete, it will be filled with an insulating substance.

The disadvantages of the method are its high cost and labor intensity. The surface of concrete rings requires special preparation and pre-treatment. But penetrating waterproofing compounds perfectly seal the seams between the rings.

Bituminous

Treatment with hot bitumen to impart moisture-proofing properties to materials has been known for many decades. Now this method has only one advantage - low cost. The bitumen coating is not resistant to freezing and thawing; it does not last long and soon begins to crack and peel.

There is another option - specialized bitumen mastics. They contain special additives that increase the durability of the coating and its service life. Another difference from ordinary bitumen is that mastics are applied cold, this simplifies and speeds up the work.

Polymer-cement

It is more expensive than bitumen, but cheaper than penetrating. Cement-based compositions with additives can be applied with a brush. It will take two layers; you don’t need to wait for the first to dry before applying the second (which means the work will go quite quickly).

Clay castle

If there is an abundance of pure clay without sand admixture on the plot of land or nearby, you can build a clay castle. The space around the concrete rings must be filled with clay with regular tamping.

Only external moisture protection cannot be carried out using this method. Typically, a clay castle is made in addition to bitumen waterproofing.

Plastering

Using a special high-pressure cement gun, two thick layers of non-shrinking cement are applied to the walls of the rings. In addition to special equipment, the process requires a lot of time. Cement layers must dry gradually, slowly, so they must be watered with water at intervals of three to twelve hours. The second layer is applied only “dry”.

Plastic

Waterproofing concrete septic tank from the inside can be successfully performed using a special sealed insert. This is a special plastic structure, which is reinforced with stiffening ribs and equipped with a hatch. It is recommended to fill the space between the insert and the concrete rings with a mixture of sand and cement or fill it with concrete. A plastic insert in concrete rings for a septic tank lasts about thirty years.

Sealing a septic tank, regardless of the chosen method, begins with treating the seams. But even before carrying out moisture protection work at the joints of concrete rings, it is necessary to seal the seams. Without this work, even the best waterproofing technique will not give a full result.

Sealing

Interring seams – weakness any septic tank. It is in this part of the tanks that the first leaks appear if the concrete rings for the septic tank are displaced. To prevent such an “accident”, concrete joints are sealed. Designed for this purpose various techniques:

1. Applying rubber gaskets with bentonite granules to the places of future joints. The result is a plastic connection with a filling effect.
2. Use of rubber sealing tape or reinforcing fabric. They provide a high level of sealing, but are expensive. The reinforcing fabric must be exposed to ultraviolet irradiation.
3. A layer of polymer cement plus a lining made of rope (hemp or jute).

Important: sealing the septic tank does not replace the fastening of the rings. If concrete structures are not equipped with special locks, metal fasteners can be used.

Waterproofing is truly necessary when building a septic tank from concrete rings. Particularly important here are careful preliminary calculations, selection of the most suitable methodology and professional execution. If everything is done on high level, then the septic tank will last a long time and without problems.

Any well built in the ground requires the exclusion of unauthorized entry of debris and dirty water formed by atmospheric precipitation. A common design of vertical structures for communications is wells with walls reinforced with concrete rings.

From the right choice material for waterproofing wells, strict adherence to work technology depends on the purity of drinking water and trouble-free operation of sewer systems.

A well made of concrete rings requires waterproofing to ensure clean water.

The need for waterproofing

The underground structure is exposed to many negative factors. Mistakes made when installing waterproofing concrete wells, appear immediately or after 4-5 years of its operation.

If signs of depressurization of joints are detected, postponing repair work is not recommended for the following reasons:

1. Freezing of water-logged soil occurs annually with the arrival of winter. The ice that forms in this case breaks the concrete, expanding the cracks further and further until the rings are completely destroyed.
2. Quality of drinking water. When perched water contaminated with sand, clay, chemicals and organic substances enters the excavation, the analysis parameters deteriorate sharply. The liquid becomes cloudy and the water source dies.
3. Sewer overflow. Groundwater penetrates into liquid sewage through leaky joints, and the container quickly loses its receiving volume. If you do not carry out daily pumping, the soil will be polluted by overflowing wastewater.
4. Washing out the insulating composition. A small stream of liquid, if no measures are taken to eliminate it, quickly develops into a powerful stream that can expand a small hole and render the well unusable.

Land subsidence as a result of groundwater activity leads to the destruction of the joints of the circular support. The time when repairs need to be carried out is determined by the appearance of cracks from which water oozes. To avoid losing the well, you need to quickly take measures to seal the seams and gullies.

Types of waterproofing wells

Requirements for external networks and sewerage structures are set out in the set of building rules SP 32.13330.2012: updated SNiP 2.04.03-85. Waterproofing of wells is provided from the inside, outside and at the ring connections. To ensure the tightness of the excavation fastening, reinforced concrete elements should be selected of high quality.

Installation of the underground structure is accompanied by waterproofing works of the following types:

• adhesive sealing along the bottom of the structure;
• filling cracks and joints with sealants;
• installation of a polymer liner inside the mine shaft;
• the use of bitumen mastic and roll insulation to protect the outer walls;
• plastering - possible on any side of the structure;
• the use of modern sealants to seal leaks from inside the well.

The choice of waterproofing method is carried out at the design stage of an underground mine, when planning repairs during operation. The decision is made depending on many factors and circumstances, but the best result is obtained by a combination of several methods.

Materials for waterproofing concrete wells.

Coating insulation of concrete surfaces from contact with water – available method waterproofing, it is used by professionals and summer residents on their plots.

Sealing materials are manufactured in the form of mastics, roll coatings, and hydraulic seals for emergency emergency work.

All of them must meet the requirements for sealants: moisture resistance, mechanical strength, elasticity, resistance to aggressive environments, long service life.

Two-component formulations

Manufactured from 2 ingredients (cement and polymers), which are mixed immediately before use. An example of a sealant of this composition is the Aquamat Elastic waterproofing mixture.

Sealant components:

• cement-containing powder including additives;
• polymer emulsion.

The solution is used for wells of any purpose, including drinking. The material is non-toxic, easy to use and durable. The surface prepared for processing is pre-primed by cementation. After the repair layer has dried, apply the working solution using a spatula from bottom to top. After 2 days, the coating is repeated.

Two-component mixtures also include a type of bitumen-polymer mastic. Before application, the composition is activated with a special reagent.

Roll materials

They are used for external protection of concrete structures when they are buried up to 3 m. This interval is most susceptible to the aggressive effects of groundwater.

Rolled materials for waterproofing.

Roll materials include:

• baseless rubber-bitumen insulation and hydroisol;
• roofing felt - cardboard impregnated with petroleum products, glass roofing felt or steklomast on fiberglass fabric;
• PVC films - available in 2 versions: with a reinforcing layer and without mesh;
• foilbitep is a corrugated aluminum base, coated on both sides with a bitumen-polymer composition.

To wrap the rings with sealant, you will need to dig a well in a circular trench 1 m wide. The coating is fixed to the concrete with glue or fused.

The service life of insulating roll coverings is 25-35 years.

It is recommended to use the situation of a well exposed by a trench to construct a hydraulic clay lock, which is placed around the mouth with a slope along the earth's surface away from the well. The design allows the perched water to bypass the well.

These are substances that are resistant to pressure moisture and temperature changes. They are used to cover the seams and outer walls of the well. The addition of polyurethane or polystyrene to bitumen, which is widely used in construction, improves the characteristics of the sealant.

Waterproofing a concrete well with bitumen-polymer based mastic.

Material properties:

• ductility and elasticity, mastic softens at +80°C, sets at temperatures down to -10°C;
• good adhesion on dry and wet surfaces;
• rapid hardening due to 65% of volatile substances contained in the material;
• simplicity, versatility of use: mastic can be applied by spraying or manually with a spatula or brush;
• water absorption - in 24 hours the figure does not exceed 0.4%.

The use of bitumen-polymer mastic makes it possible to reduce waterproofing time due to rapid hardening and the possibility of mechanizing the process.

If the joints of the rings are coated with sealant, the seams must be plastered from the inside. Bituminous compounds cannot be used for internal waterproofing of drinking wells.

Coating mixtures

This concept includes various types of mastics that protect underground structures from moisture. They are used in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations. The composition of the products is safe for humans and the environment.

Advantages of coating mixtures:

• do not require preliminary preparation of the walls and joints of the well;
• applied with a spatula, plaster trowel, paint roller;
• dry quickly to form a durable waterproof film;
• they are inexpensive.

They also make mixtures independently from clay, cement with the addition of quartz sand. This solution can be used to seal cracks in concrete and gaps between rings, and to seal seams on the outside and inside of the well.

Membrane materials

External waterproofing of concrete wells.

Technologies for the production of rolled waterproofing coatings are developing, and today a new subtype is being produced - polymer-based membranes. They are used for external insulation of wells in combination with mastics.

Membrane-type materials have a drawback: the vulnerability of the film base from mechanical influences.

Rolled membranes are characterized by the following indicators:

• profiled material is multilayer polyethylene with stiffeners, used at high groundwater levels;
• another type is film polymer: a membrane layer up to 2 mm thick, reinforced, used when ground flows are below a concrete structure.

Wells are insulated with a thick membrane - 0.4 mm and above. Roll coating is compatible with bitumen mastics, environmentally friendly, service life - up to 40 years.

The high price is a limiting factor for the widespread use of material with one-way permeability. Dampness from the concrete rings goes through the membrane into the ground, and water from the soil cannot penetrate into the well. This is the main advantage of the new sealant.

Mixtures based on astringent minerals

The industry produces special cements that can harden in flooded conditions without losing strength over a long period of time. Portland cements belong to the category of mineral binders. On their basis, waterproof dry construction mixtures with specified properties are created by adding improving additives to the compositions.

Waterproofing a concrete well.

The advantages of cement mortars for grouting are:

• durability of use;
• immunity to high and low temperatures;
• moisture resistance;
• possibility of cooking at home;
• availability of application by manual and mechanized methods on any side of the support.

After the joints of the rings are sealed with the mixture cement based, the well becomes a monolithic structure, and the drinking water in it is inaccessible for dilution with perennial water. The consistency of the solution is selected according to the size of the cracks and gaps: a wide crevice requires a thick mixture. Small holes are filled with moving mass.

Concrete well waterproofing technology

When planning the repair of an underground structure, the nature of the damage is taken into account: the methods and means used depend on the degree of water content in the joints. Waterproofing is carried out in accordance with the requirements of building codes and regulations. Before applying the sealant, the contact surfaces are prepared with a primer.

Cleaning joints

Cleaning a well made of concrete rings.

To get to the problem area inside the well, the equipment is dismantled from its trunk and the head is exposed. If necessary, pump out water.

A ladder with a working platform is lowered into the underground excavation. To inspect and clean the joints of the rings from the outside, you need to dig a ditch around the well to the depth of the expected leak.

Diagnostics of surfaces is carried out from top to bottom using a scraper, a metal brush and pressurized water. Any damage found is subject to thorough examination.

Unstable surfaces are removed in the following order:

1. Grooving - the joint is deepened using cuts with a grinder wheel or chipping with hammer blows on a chisel. You can use a hammer drill or impact drill.
2. Cleaning the damaged area from destroyed concrete, dirt and dust. For this you need a scraper and a brush.
3. Rinsing the cleaned joint with water.

The result is a rough surface that promotes adhesion of the repair compound. Depending on the material used, a primer or sealant is applied directly.

Preparation of the treated surface

Consists of priming before applying the sealing compound. If, when cleaning the joints, elements of the reinforcing frame are exposed, the metal is treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

The preparation of surfaces in contact with waterproofing is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Expansion of small cracks. It is carried out with an extension of 20-30 mm in any direction to a depth of 5-50 mm.
2. Repairing gouges and chips. A mixture of cement and sand in a ratio of 1:2 is used. Add 0.5 parts of water. Factory-made compositions are also used.
3. Primer of surfaces. For preparation, bitumen-based compounds are applied - bitumen primers. Number of layers – one or 2, 0.1 mm each. Consumption – 150-300 g/m².

After the primer has dried, proceed to the next stage of work. Before covering the surface with a protective layer, it is wetted.

Preparation of the treated surface.

Applying waterproofing to joints

Precast concrete manholes are vulnerable to water intrusion at the interfaces between structural members. At the construction stage, the joints on the outside are coated with mastic and covered with waterproofing tape, which completely covers the joint. From the inside of the barrel, the seams are coated with a repair compound that is safe for humans.

When performing work on an existing well, seal the connections located above the water level, if it is potable. The seams are sealed in sections of 10-20 cm, vertical cracks are puttied from bottom to top.

If a stream escapes from the crack, you can avoid the sealant being carried away as follows:

• drill 1-2 holes Ø20-25 mm 25 cm below the joint to redirect the flow of groundwater;
• seal the main hole with a waterproofing mixture, filling the gap 70% so that the expanding composition does not destroy the structure;
• fix the hydraulic seal with your hand for a period of time from 5 seconds to several minutes, depending on the properties of the sealant;
• clog the drainage holes with rubberized tow, a layer of sealing solution or wooden plugs.

The bottom filter is cleaned after sealing all the cracks. If necessary, the crushed stone layer is replaced with a new one.

Applying waterproofing to joints.

Applying insulation to the surface of concrete rings

External waterproofing of wells is carried out during the construction period, when there is free access to the outer surface of the support. It is performed after processing the joints on both sides of the concrete cylinder. In a multi-layer protective structure, mastics and rolled waterproofing materials are used.

Sequence of work:

• bitumen mastic is applied;
• wraps around assembled structure rolled material of the first layer in the horizontal direction with the edges of the tape coated with mastic;
• strips of the second roll layer are laid, covering the joints with sealant.

The mechanized method of applying waterproofing involves spraying or shotcrete: a cement mixture is fed under pressure through a nozzle onto the surface to be treated. Layer thickness 5-7 mm, dries in 2-3 days. After this, the procedure is repeated. The third coating is applied with mastic or hot bitumen.

How to prevent well rings from moving in the future

The shift of the lower elements of the well is not eliminated due to the difficulty of performing repairs in waterlogged soil. Correct the joints of 2-3 upper rings.

To prevent displacement of the concrete support during further operation of the well, use 3 methods:

1. Replace the previous barrel elements with links with a rebated lock. The end parts of the rings are formed according to the groove-protrusion pattern. With such a docking, horizontal shift becomes impossible.
2. Secure the concrete support element from displacement relative to the axis of the excavation by tying adjacent rings using metal brackets. Holes for them are punched at a distance of ≥25 cm from the joint.
3. Attach the links by installing steel plates outside and inside the walls of the rings on bolts Ø12−14 mm.

Ground movements leading to displacement of hollow concrete blocks occur on watered heaving soils. Loads from frozen rocks are higher; at least 4 brackets or plates are placed on the upper rings. Below the freezing level, 2 fastenings are sufficient.

A common suburban method of collecting wastewater into a well system requires careful sealing of septic tanks made of concrete rings, which are the main component of the storage and treatment of sewage water. Leaky couplings of the rings lead to the filtration of fecal waste into the soil and further into the underground groundwater horizons, their contamination with pathogenic microflora. The reverse process also occurs - filling the septic tank wells with groundwater, which leads to their premature filling.

Designs created using reinforced concrete elements, are often presented as structures that are not subject to temporary destruction. This opinion is only partly true. Reinforced concrete is a strong and durable material, but it requires protection. Sewage contain a huge range of aggressive components that negatively affect the material of the rings and can lead to the following:

• disruption of the structure of the concrete mass due to leaching processes;
• development of corrosion processes in reinforcing belts;
• critical weakening of bearing capacity;
• complete loss of the structural qualities of the reinforced concrete product.

The underground location of septic tanks naturally makes it difficult to carry out repair and restoration activities. A large volume of excavation work, lifting rings to the surface for restoration or replacement requires the use of earthmoving and lifting equipment. This leads to great financial costs, violation of landscape landscaping of the site. The forced cessation of access to public amenities causes great inconvenience.

A septic tank made of concrete rings, waterproofed during its construction, can be used effectively for many years, while requiring minimal maintenance. Properly executed waterproofing of a septic tank made of concrete rings, in addition to protecting against premature destruction of the structure itself, will relieve other unpleasant phenomena. Manifestations of unsatisfactory tightness of a septic tank can be contamination of water in wells and wells by pathogenic microorganisms and the spread of odors of decomposing sewage throughout the area.

There is an opinion that it is futile to carry out measures to seal ring joints. A compelling argument is the composite structure of the well, the sealing of which can easily be destroyed by a seismic shock, seasonal heaving or other ground movements. Insinuations on this topic are untenable for several reasons:

1. During the construction of wells, concrete rings can be reliably secured against possible displacements with metal fastening elements.
2. The industry produces well rings, the design of which includes special locks that prevent the elements from moving relative to each other.
3. There are known technological methods for waterproofing that eliminate the possibility of a leak, even if the ring receives some displacement relative to the other.

Violation of the technology for sealing the joints of the rings leads to the same consequences that arise in the complete absence of waterproofing.

Various methods and types of sealing ring joints are known and used.

Carrying out work using some of the methods involves the use of equipment with specific properties. Other technological processes are available for high-quality implementation only by specially trained specialists. There are also methods for arranging waterproofing that you can do yourself. An informed choice in favor of one or another sealing method can only be made after gaining an understanding of technological features, the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

All the differences between waterproofing methods lie in the area of ​​materials used, processing methods and budgetary load. The most widespread are 6 types of waterproofing.

Penetrating chemical compounds

Many experts in the field of protection of reinforced concrete structures consider this type of concrete protection to be the best of all existing ones. Penetrating waterproofing is performed using compounds with specially developed physical and chemical properties. Chemical mixtures penetrate into the concrete mass of the structure, filling pores and voids with subsequent crystallization. This process has a prolonged effect: an increase in the humidity level initiates its slowdown, and a decrease, on the contrary, accelerates it. This allows waterproofing compounds to quickly fill cracks that appear in the thickness of concrete.

Significant disadvantages of penetrating waterproofing include its high cost and labor intensity. Concrete surfaces of well rings require careful preparatory activities and preliminary processing.

Application of bituminous materials

Giving various structural materials waterproofing properties by treating them with heated petroleum bitumen is one of the most used methods in the recent past. The advent of modern waterproofing materials has left this method with only one advantage - its low cost. Bituminous coatings have low resistance to variable temperature changes. Low adhesive interaction with concrete surfaces provokes peeling and cracking of the waterproofing bitumen layer.

Another type of material that has a bitumen component as a base is specialized mastic. Additives with special properties are integrated into its composition, which are designed to increase the resistance of the waterproofing layer and significantly increase its service life. The advantage of using mastics over bitumen is also the cold method of applying them to the insulated surface, which significantly simplifies and speeds up the work.

In order to improve the waterproofing properties and increase the service life of bitumen coatings, experts recommend supplementing with wrapping roll waterproofing. For this purpose, roofing felt can be used, but the best effect is obtained by using built-up roll materials.

Polymer-cement solutions

Hydraulic isolation of well rings in septic tanks can be performed using cement compositions with the addition of modifying polymer components. The cost of various polymer-cement compositions is higher than bitumen materials, but they contain significantly less penetrating chemical mixtures. The solutions are applied in 2-3 layers using a regular paint brush - a wide flat brush. The application process does not take much time because the second and subsequent layers are applied without waiting for the previous one to dry.

Clay waterproofing castle

The presence of sand-free clay layers at a short distance from the outlet site allows for external waterproofing of septic tank wells with the construction of a clay castle. The space surrounding the installed and fixed rings is filled with clay, compacting each poured layer by tamping. Clay locks typically complement bitumen hydraulic insulation. For obvious reasons, this method cannot be used in the internal cavity of a well.

Plaster hydraulic insulation

The method consists of two-layer plastering of the inner or outer surface of the well using special equipment. Cement guns are used, with the help of which a plaster solution is applied to the walls of the rings under high pressure. The method is not widely used for several reasons. In addition to the involvement of specific equipment, the process takes a long period of time.

Insulation with plastic shell

Effective hydraulic insulation of wells from the inside can be performed by installing a sealed polymer insert into the cavity of the septic tank. The latter is a construction made of durable polymer materials, linear dimensions are selected corresponding to the well cavity. Additional rigidity of the structure is provided by the integration of reinforcing elements in the form of ribs into its surface. Access to the internal space of the insert is provided through the hatch provided by the design.

The use of a polymer insert allows you to restore the old one, which has lost the necessary performance well made of concrete rings. The remaining space between the insert and the inner surface after installation is completed is filled with cement-sand mortar.

Sealing of circumferential seams

Without careful sealing of the ring interfaces, even the best hydraulic surface insulation will not provide full results. The seams between adjacent concrete rings are the most vulnerable point of any well structure. It is in these places that the first filtration in both directions begins when there are violations in the orientation of the rings. Proven methods are used to prevent leaks:

1. The mating rings are sealed with gaskets with bentonite granules integrated into the rubber mass.
2. Circular joints are sealed with rubber tape reinforced with UV-curable material.
3. The joint between the rings can be concreted with a polymer-cement mortar. The role of a deformation compensator with this method is performed by an additionally laid rope made of natural materials.

The need for high-quality hydraulic insulation of a septic tank is beyond doubt. It is important to choose the optimal type of insulation, careful preparation and professional performance of the work.

Any hydraulic structure requires maximum protection from possible leaks, ingress of groundwater, solid soil particles and small debris.

In particular, this applies to sewer and drinking concrete wells, the main problem of which is low sealing of joints. Waterproofing a well from concrete rings allows you to solve the problem both at the beginning of the construction of the reservoir and during its operation.

The need for waterproofing

According to their purpose, wells are conventionally divided into three types: drinking, sewer and technical. Each of them requires reliable protection from negative influences external factors– from groundwater, dirty drains, changes in atmospheric pressure, freezing of a concrete tank.

The impact of groundwater and soil subsidence leads to the destruction of the drinking well structure, as a result of which small particles of sand, clay, salt, chemical compounds, petroleum products and organic residues enter the reservoir. Sealing the seams in the well protects the concrete structure and preserves drinking water in a form suitable for consumption.

Waterproofing of sewer wells is aimed at timely protection of underground water sources from sewage and fecal contamination that can leak through a leaky tank structure.

Wells for technical needs are equipped with water taps and communication connecting elements, so the absence of water is the main requirement for structures of this type.

Important! Sealing of joints is carried out for all reinforced concrete structures of wells erected on various types of soil.

The lack of high-quality waterproofing of a well can cause the formation of fungal deposits on the internal walls of the structure, which can lead to complete or partial destruction of the concrete rings. The consequence of insufficient sealing is costly repairs of one or more structural elements.

Types of waterproofing wells

Concrete drinking and sewer wells equally require reliable protection from the negative effects of external factors. For this purpose, there are three types of well waterproofing:

• external;
• internal;
• sealing seams.

According to the requirements of SNIP, waterproofing wells includes the following work:

• installation of concrete elements;
• sealing the structure;
• use of modern waterproofing materials and antiseptic compounds to protect the inner surface of the walls of the structure;
• external waterproofing of well seams;
• adhesive waterproofing of the bottom of the structure.

Waterproofing a drinking and sewer well, carried out in accordance with established requirements, will protect the aquifer and soil from contamination, and the structure of the structure from possible destruction and deformation.

Types of materials for waterproofing

For external and internal waterproofing of hydraulic structures, special protective materials are used.

Waterproofing a well from the inside and outside is carried out:

• two-component compositions;
• roll materials;
• bitumen-polymer mastics;
• coating mixtures;
• membrane materials;
• mixtures based on astringent minerals

Two-component formulations

Sealing of joints in a well with two-component waterproofing is carried out only on the outside of the structure. The material is presented in the form of a spray, which is applied to the seam using a special sprayer. The two-component composition provides efficient processing the entire surface of the rings, even in the most inaccessible places.

Such materials are non-toxic, practical, durable and easy to use.

Roll materials

Reliable waterproofing of wells in wet soils is possible using high-strength roll materials. They are intended for outdoor work. This type of adhesive waterproofing can provide high-quality protection to the external walls of a structure from the penetration of groundwater.

Rolled adhesive waterproofing consists of a canvas, a moisture-repellent layer of petroleum products, protective foil and an impregnating agent. Repair using rolled materials provides full access to concrete rings from all sides of the structure.

Bitumen-polymer based mastics

Wear-resistant mastics are successfully used for insulating hydraulic structures of any complexity. Mastics, which contain polymers and bitumen, have high performance characteristics.

Bituminous waterproofing is resistant to temperature changes and high moisture, and can withstand the maximum load of groundwater. Sealing the seams between the rings of the well with bitumen-polymer mastics will reliably protect the structure from the negative effects of external factors.

Coating mixtures

This category includes products that are designed to protect drinking and sewer wells made of concrete rings from high moisture. To properly seal the joints in the rings with your own hands, you need to properly prepare the coating mixture. Calculation of the required amount of material is carried out according to the instructions from the manufacturer. Ready mix Apply a thin layer to the seams and damaged areas with a spatula.

The main advantages of the material: low cost, ease of application, rapid hardening, creation of a durable protective layer.

Waterproofing a drinking well involves the use of such products without preliminary preparation surfaces.

Membrane materials

Modern polymer-based membrane materials with limited water resistance are becoming increasingly popular. Waterproofing sewer wells and other structures with membranes is effective only in combination with polymer-bitumen mastics.

The only drawback of polymer membranes is their susceptibility to mechanical damage to the film base, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of waterproofing protection in general.

Mixtures based on astringent minerals

How to seal seams in a well with your own hands if there are small cracks and minor damage? For these purposes, you can use special mixtures that contain an astringent mineral component. It reliably fills existing voids in concrete and between separate elements structures, thereby providing high protection against moisture penetration.

The mixtures are applied to the surface to be treated using special equipment under high pressure. This insulation method can be used on the inside and outside of the well.

If you need to seal a leak inside a structure, how to seal the seams in the well in this case? To do this, it is recommended to treat the shaft with a polymer membrane or water-repellent paint.

Waterproofing technology for concrete well construction

Do-it-yourself insulation of a well from concrete rings provides for external and internal processing joints and the entire surface of the structure. The repair is carried out in several stages in full compliance with technology.

Tools:

To carry out waterproofing work you will need the following tools:

• groove tool;
• flashlight;
• brush with a metal base;
• putty knife;
• brush for liquid materials;
• spray

Cleaning joints in concrete rings

On initial stage The joints are deepened using the groove method. To do this, cuts are made U-shaped cross section 25×25 mm. This will ensure better adhesion protective compounds with a processed base.

The prepared areas are cleaned of dust, dirt and debris with a metal brush. At the end of the work, the joints are thoroughly washed with water.

Preparation of the treated surface

High-quality repairs depend on the level of adhesion of the concrete surface. At this stage, the base is thoroughly cleaned of chemical deposits, cement deposits and other contaminants. Such factors lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of waterproofing concrete rings.

Important! The loose surface is cleaned until a solid base is obtained. If the reinforcing frame is exposed during concrete grinding, it should be carefully treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Applying waterproofing to joints

At this stage, the joints are moistened before treatment with a deep penetration primer. After the primer layer has dried, the grooved channels are treated with coating materials (layer thickness - 30 mm). Protective insulating compounds are applied to the surface in 2–3 layers.

When insulating a well structure at the construction stage, the joints are carefully taped with water-repellent tape. At supply areas utility networks treatment is carried out with compounds intended for such work. At each stage, the tightness of the joints of the concrete rings is checked from the inside and outside. They should not have voids, cracks or other damage.

Applying insulation to the surface of concrete rings

The last stage in sealing wells is treating the entire surface of the concrete rings from the inside. The walls of the structure are carefully primed and processed polymer mastic in 2–3 layers. Each subsequent layer is applied only after the previous one has completely set.

Particular attention should be paid to sealing the joints at the junction of the bottom base and the first concrete ring. High-quality waterproofing repair of the foundation will prevent possible leaks and protect groundwater from chemical and biological contamination.

External protection of the structure

Treatment of walls from the outside involves the use of rolled waterproofing materials or two-component compounds. This procedure will effectively prevent possible or existing leaks in the well. External insulation of wells is carried out after complete treatment of internal and external joints.

High-quality insulation of sewer and drinking wells will increase the service life of structures, protect against destruction and deformation, and also simplify their maintenance.