Behind last years, in our age high technology, items with minimal energy consumption for their operation are of particular value. Such products are especially ideal for heating devices, effectively regulating their performance. One such item is a thermostat for a heater. infrared type, which will be discussed in this article.
Types and characteristics of thermostats
A thermostat is a device that allows you to record the temperature in a room at a certain time interval and at the same time adjust the device settings to the required values. For example, when the temperature reaches a certain figure, the heating forcibly ends the operation cycle. And, conversely, with its decrease, the device resumes its operation.
The design characteristics and operating principle of thermostats may be different. There are two main types of thermostats for heaters:
- mechanical;
- electronic.
The climatic features of the country at a time when the thermometer drops below 0˚C make us think about insulating the house. Often, one heating system cannot warm the air in your home to optimal temperatures, and installation autonomous heating Not everyone can afford it. In this case, the use of household floor and wall heaters becomes relevant.
However, despite the variety of models presented, their owners strive to modify the devices and improve the heating process: set up precise temperature control functions, which significantly reduces heating costs.
That is why the question often arises of how to replace the built-in thermostat or temperature controller:
- floor, oil radiator,
- heat gun,
- electric convector,
- electric radiator,
- electric heating element, electric heating element stoves,
- infrared (IR) panels, wall-mounted, floor-mounted,
- and other heaters that plug into an outlet.
That is, what kind of analogue should I choose for the built-in thermostat of a household heater?
To find the optimal solution to this issue, we will consider the main types of household heaters and the temperature controllers used in them.
Types of the most common heaters (household)
In Russia, the range of heaters offered to consumers is wide:
- oil heaters suitable for heating rooms with small area. Although this type of heater is economical, the question often arises of how to replace the built-in oil radiator thermostat in order to more accurately maintain temperature readings and thereby reduce electricity costs;
- IR heating panels(their floor, wall views, operating from a power outlet) provide very fast air heating in homes, cottages, offices and shops. They are distinguished by their compactness, silent operation and safe operation. Temperature regulators for IR panels differ in type, and different models can be equipped with both a functional thermostat and its mechanical analogue, or only with a heating on/off button;
- floor and wall radiators It is recommended to install in rooms with cold walls or in rooms with large glazing. This type of heaters is used successfully both in residential buildings and in swimming pools, car interiors, winter gardens. The thermostat in such devices is either absent or has minimal functionality and is not capable of providing uniform heating;
- heat guns have gained popularity among consumers due to the possibility of quickly heating the room, but the energy consumption when using them is much higher;
- electric heaters were invented in late XIX centuries, since then they have undergone significant changes and have become the most powerful and safe, but the principle of their functioning has remained unchanged. The presence of built-in thermostats also does not always guarantee uniform heating and economical consumption of electricity to maintain the required temperature.
The disadvantage of many household heaters with a manual mode switch
With many positive aspects when using household heaters, the operating mode of which the user can control independently, a significant drawback is revealed.
This disadvantage lies in the need to constantly select the desired operating mode of the device manually. This option is impractical both because of the need for independent control, and because it does not allow for economical consumption of electricity in the absence of the owners in the house for a long period: the weather in our country is very changeable, therefore, in the absence of the owners, a heater installed on the temperature regime may turn out to be insufficient or, conversely, excessive. Sudden temperature changes can negatively affect indoor plants, household appliances And general condition premises.
Terneo RZ thermostat as a replacement for the built-in heater thermostat
The thermostat built into the heater performs the function of automatic holding and temperature regulation. However, as a rule, these devices do not have a temperature scale, so it is impossible to fine-tune the mode, and the principle of their operation is to increase or decrease the heat supply.
Terneo RZ thermostat - modern model, which is compatible with heated floors, convectors and other heaters that operate from an outlet. The device helps you set temperature values from 0 to 30˚C without any additional effort.
Operating principle of Terneo RZ
Using a thermostat begins by plugging it into the network and connecting the heating device directly to the socket of the thermostat itself. After this, on the thermostat control panel you need to select exact value temperature.
Such a miniature device is capable of controlling the heater, and when the room temperature reaches the user-set temperature, the heating will be turned off. Additionally, when using Terneo RZ, it can be switched to cooling mode. The Terneo RZ thermostat is a way out for those who do not want to install electrical wiring and are looking for something to replace the built-in thermostat of an infrared panel (wall/floor), oil radiator, heat gun, and other household heaters that operate from an outlet.
Advantages of Terneo RZ
The advantages of this thermostat lie mainly in its technical specifications and features of operation:
- compact dimensions;
- adjustable hysteresis, that is, the temperature difference on the basis of which the device turns on/off;
- the ability to connect any device compatible with the thermostat;
- Terneo RZ has a function to control the operation of multiple devices;
- wide temperature Range: 0-30˚С;
- when using Terneo RZ there is 40% electricity savings;
- Terneo RZ does not require manipulation of indoor wiring;
- safety of operation (protection from children, protection from overheating);
- Possibility of use with devices that support cooling mode (air conditioner, fan, etc.);
- affordable price. When purchasing a thermostat, the costs are recouped within a few months, which undoubtedly makes it a profitable option for those people who are considering options for replacing the built-in thermostat of a household heater.
It's not warm enough in your living space or office and you've decided to buy a heater, but don't know which one to choose? This article will help you decide on the choice of heater. Here you will find information about what types of heaters there are, their basic operating principle, their pros and cons, as well as some recommendations.
The most important characteristic of any thermal heater is power.
The area for which the heater is designed depends on it. For an unheated room with good thermal insulation, about 1 kW per 25-27 m 3 is required (for standard apartments- 1 kW per 10m 3 with a standard ceiling height of 2.50 m).
For residential premises with central heating, an electric heater with a power of 1.0-1.5 kW is sufficient for a room with an area of 20-25 m 3.
| Heating area, sq.m. | Device power, W |
| 5 - 6 | 500 |
| 7 - 9 | 750 |
| 10 - 12 | 1000 |
| 12 - 14 | 1250 |
| 15 - 17 | 1500 |
| 18 - 19 | 1750 |
| 20 - 23 | 2000 |
| 24 - 27 | 2500 |
Most modern air heaters have built-in thermostats that allow you to automatically maintain the set temperature. As a rule, thermostats do not have a degree scale; they operate on the principle of more - less. Important characteristic heaters is also their type.
OIL RADIATOR
One of the most popular household heaters. They have a power of 1.0 to 2.5 kW and are used in apartments, offices, and country houses.
Principle of operation:
Inside a sealed metal case filled with mineral oil, there is an electric coil. When heated, it transfers its heat to the oil, which in turn transfers to the metal body, and then to the air. Its outer surface consists of several sections (fins) - the greater their number, the more extensive the heat transfer, with equal powers. The heater maintains the set temperature in the room and automatically turns off in case of overheating. As soon as the temperature starts to drop, it turns on.
Advantages:
- low heating temperature of the housing (about 60°C), due to which oxygen is not “burned” fireproof, silent thanks to a thermostat and timer, some models do not require switching off, high mobility (the presence of wheels makes it easy to move them from room to room)
Flaws:
- relatively long heating of the room (however, they retain heat longer), the temperature of the radiator surface (does not allow you to touch it freely), relatively large dimensions
ELECTRIC CONVECTOR
By operational characteristics look like oil radiator.
They are used in apartments, offices, cottages, houses, and can also be used as the main heating system. Suitable for any premises. All models of Noirot convectors have class II electrical protection, do not require a special connection to the electrical network and do not require grounding, which allows them to be left on 24 hours a day, and are not afraid of moisture (can be installed in bathrooms and toilets). If the operating rules are strictly followed, any possibility of ignition is excluded.
Principle of operation:
Heating of the room using a convector occurs due to the passage of air through the heating elements. Circulation occurs due to different densities of cold and warm air: cold air, heating up, rises, and the next batch falls in its place. After which the process is repeated. The heating element has large area and low heating temperature. Therefore, the lower the convector is installed, the more efficient its operation. There are floor and wall convectors. Convectors are convenient to use if they have a timer and a “on delay” function.
Advantages:
Low heating temperature of the housing (about 60°C), due to which oxygen is not “burned” thanks to the thermostat, do not require switching off, high mobility (the presence of wheels makes it easy to move them from room to room) Fireproof. Silent. Can be mounted on any wall. High efficiency 99%. Fast heating of the room. Protected from overheating. Possibility of programming, convectors can be combined into a system electric heating. Small dimensions. Smooth, flat body.
Disadvantages: NO
HOW IS AN ELECTRONIC THERMOSTAT DIFFERENT FROM A MECHANICAL THERMOSTAT?
The advantages of an electronic thermostat are obvious.
Firstly, it is the most accurate to date. The set temperature is maintained with an accuracy of 0.1 degrees. Heaters with a mechanical thermostat maintain the temperature with an accuracy of 1 to 3 degrees. Moreover, over time, the accuracy of the mechanical thermostat decreases. Temperature fluctuations in the room and a person’s well-being depend on the accuracy of the thermostat’s operation, because our body detects temperature changes of even 1 degree.
Secondly, the electronic thermostat is absolutely silent.
Thirdly, an electronic thermostat lasts much longer. So if you want the greatest comfort when using a heater, choose a model with an electronic thermostat.
And fourthly, an electronic thermostat has the advantage of more accurately maintaining the temperature. And its reliability is higher if the differences in the network are no more than those allowed by the passport. Network interruptions often occur in Ukraine, but in the West they know nothing about them.
We will also answer some questions about convectors frequently asked by our customers:
Question: Is there a difference in the efficiency of high and low convectors?
Answer: Practically no. Thermal efficiency is determined by the power of the device.
Question: How safe are convectors? Can they be left unattended?
Answer: Absolutely safe and intended specifically for battery life. Each device has an overheat sensor that will turn off the device in the event of a fire hazard.
Question: I want to buy a 1 kW device. To what temperature will it warm my room?
Answer: The goal is incorrectly formulated. The convector will warm the room to the temperature you need, IF it is chosen correctly. Accordingly, you need to choose power based on what you want to get. 1 kW is enough to heat a room with an area of 10-12 sq.m. In this case, you can set ANY temperature within the range of 5 - 30C. A larger room means the power of the appliances should be greater.
Question: My dacha has 50 sq.m. 3 kW allocated. How can I heat it?
Answer: Taking into account the fact that at any dacha there are also electrical household appliances (kettle, TV, electric stove, etc.) - the answer is not reassuring: “Your place will be cool.” For 50 sq.m. you need 4.5-5 kW of heating power. Otherwise it won't work. Consider additional heating sources.
Question: What are convectors for 1000 UAH? differ from convectors for 3000 UAH.
As with any household appliances: the main difference is efficiency (for example, Noirot connectors have an efficiency of 99%), differences in the country of production (which means reliability, build quality and components themselves), in the warranty period, additional functions (programming, communication). In addition, the price is 3000 UAH. for a convector this is far from the limit. There are models of Campa heaters with an exclusive design, costing $1000-$3000.
Question: How to maintain a positive temperature in the house with minimal electricity consumption?
Answer: Almost every electric convector has an “anti-freeze” mode. When turned on, the device will maintain a temperature of 5-7 C, which is enough to prevent the house from freezing.
Question: Help me choose a heater for the bathroom.
The bathroom is the most “intimate” place in the house, where a person performs sanitary and hygienic procedures, taking an invigorating, contrast shower in the morning and a warm, soothing bath in the evening. Left alone with ourselves, we put in order not only our body, but also our thoughts, getting into a business mood or, conversely, shaking off the burden of problems that have accumulated during the day. An important point in human perception is not only the design of the room, but also the microclimate in it. Therefore, the bathroom should be warm and comfortable, but a conventional heater in a room with such high humidity can't bet. The optimal solution This problem is solved by NOIROT electric heaters - highly efficient, compact and safe heating devices. With them, the bathroom design will become even more attractive, and the soft and gentle warmth will create a feeling of complete harmony.
All NOIROT heaters have electrical protection class II, do not require a special connection to the electrical network and do not require grounding, which allows them to be left on 24 hours a day. If the operating rules are strictly followed, any possibility of ignition is excluded.
All NOIROT models are splash-proof (IP 24) and can be used even in damp rooms.
NOIROT electronic automation can withstand voltage fluctuations from 150 V to 242 V, which is most important with frequent voltage surges. In case of possible power outages, the heaters are equipped with an auto-restart function that restores the operation of the device in its previous mode.
Electric heaters (convectors) are used as main and additional heating country houses, city apartments, glazed balconies, winter gardens, etc., as well as in pavilions, trade stalls and other places where electric heating is the only option.
Question: Why don't you have oil heaters? This is also a convector!
Answer: Once popular in the CIS and Ukraine, oil heaters have a different principle of operation and are not convectors. They have a number significant shortcomings, which electric convectors do not have. Because we strive to offer only the best to our customers, we have had to move away from oil heaters. We advise you to consider this type of device only if you have an extremely limited budget.
FAN HEATER
The simplest and most affordable heating device. Used for quick warm-up small rooms. They have a power of 2.0-2.5 kW. Compared to an oil radiator and convector, they have small dimensions. Fan heaters are located on the floor, on a table, and can also be attached to the wall.
Principle of operation:
In the fan heater, the air is heated by a hot electric coil and is supplied by a fan to the heating zone. The temperature of the open electric coil is about 80°C, and the air at the outlet of the fan heater is always up to 20°C. To improve the uniformity of heating of the room, the fan rotates in the housing. The fan heater housing is usually plastic.
Advantages:
The air is heated very quickly and distributed throughout the room. Turns off if dropped. Protected from overheating. Thanks to the thermostat, the set temperature is regulated and does not require shutdown. Compact and aesthetic.
Flaws:
Noise produced when operating at high speeds. Air pollution due to the combustion of oxygen and dust particles. Collected dust, when burned on a hot coil, can emit an unpleasant odor.
INFRARED HEATER
The most advanced and economical heating devices are infrared heaters. A quartz emitter is more suitable for temporary heating if you do not need to heat the entire room.
Principle of operation:
An infrared heater, unlike traditional heaters, heats nearby objects rather than the air. He radiates thermal energy(like the sun), which is absorbed by surrounding surfaces (floor, walls, furniture, etc.) and people. Infrared heaters allow you to create zones with local heating and save energy. They heat objects and do not heat the air. Infrared heaters are designed for suspended ceilings, heating residential and non-residential premises, as well as people in open areas. They are used to heat bathrooms and shower rooms, terraces, balconies, cafes and restaurants.
Advantages: energy saving, silent, when installed above the workplace, infrared radiant heating provides comfortable conditions for a working person without heating the entire room.
- Avoid contact of a jet of water with a heated coil (fan heaters);
- Avoid clogging the device with dust;
- The lower the convector is located, the more efficient its operation;
- Do not cover the operating device;
- Do not use clothes dryers
- Do not use the device in wet areas (shower, bathroom, swimming pool);
- the device must only be in a vertical position (oil radiator);
- Do not place the oil radiator near fusible products and at a distance of no closer than 50 cm from furniture.
AIR-to-AIR HEAT PUMPS OR INVERTER AIR CONDITIONERS
Heating using inverter air conditioners
Heating systems based on the use of a heat pump are environmentally friendly, as they operate without burning fuel and do not produce harmful emissions into the atmosphere. In addition, they are characterized by efficiency: when supplying, for example, 1 kW of electricity to a heat pump, depending on the operating mode and operating conditions, it produces up to 3 - 5 kW of thermal energy. Among the advantages of a heat pump are reduced capital costs due to the absence of gas communications, increased home safety due to the absence of explosive gas, and the ability to simultaneously obtain heating, hot water supply and air conditioning from one installation. Systems that transfer heat in the opposite direction are often called heat pumps.
Advantages:
Modern air conditioners are able to not only effectively cope with their historically main task - to cool the air in rooms, but also to heat them well. If over the past ten years hundreds of articles have been written on the Internet on the topic “do not turn on the air conditioner in winter,” today the situation is changing. Manufacturers such as Mitsubishi Electric and Daikin (Japan) have taught their air conditioners to reliably heat even at outside temperatures down to -25°C.
What does this give the buyer? As a professional seller of air conditioners, we finally began to hear the following questions in conversations with customers:
“I need to warm up in winter, I want to install air conditioning, what do you recommend?” Let's look into this issue.
Operating principle of a heat pump:
The air conditioner operates on the principle of a heat pump, which is fundamentally different from the principle of operation of any electric heater. A heat pump is able to “pump” heat from outside to inside. This means that even at sub-zero outside temperatures it is possible to take from atmospheric air warm. How it works? Let's imagine this effect: spill a little cologne or alcohol on your hand. How will we feel? Your hand will immediately feel cold. What happened? Alcohol evaporates very quickly, taking away heat. But there is also a reverse process. If you force a liquid to condense, it will bring heat with its particles. In nature, this process almost never occurs in an obvious form that is at least somewhat noticeable without instruments. But experts have recreated this process in an air conditioner. Freon under high pressure was forced to condense in the heat exchanger of the indoor unit, which is why it warms up great (up to 60-80 degrees). Then the liquid freon is sent to outdoor unit, where, under conditions of greatly decreased pressure, it must again turn into gas, that is, evaporate. It is quite difficult to make freon boil in the outdoor unit, collecting heat from the atmospheric air, but for modern scientists this turned out to be only a problem of time.
Why do you need air conditioning in winter and how to use it? What can a potential buyer of a “heating” split system expect today? No need to design yet independent system heating country house based on air conditioners. Still, economically this is quite controversial and temperatures in winter can drop below minus twenty. But in a city apartment it’s a completely different matter.
Inverter air conditioners, capable of heating today at very low temperatures. Now about the practical side of the matter. Electricity consumption. Inverter air conditioners, capable of heating at very low temperatures today, have a very high EER coefficient, which shows the ratio of heat generated to electricity consumed. In practice, this is the more familiar efficiency (efficiency factor). So this figure today exceeds 4. This means that by spending only two hundred and fifty watts, we get more than a kilowatt of heat! This is more than four times more economical than any electric heater! It's profitable? Yes!
Disadvantages: Only one - the high cost of the equipment compared to other heating devices.
WHAT TO CHOOSE? LET'S SUM UP
Oil radiators are ideal for heating apartments. Quietness, efficiency and safety are very important here. One heater is enough to heat a living room or bedroom. Oil radiators are equipped with wheels and can be easily moved from room to room. For the summer, you can simply take the oil radiator out to the shed or put it in the pantry.
Convectors Low heating temperature of the body (about 60°C), due to which oxygen is not “burned” thanks to the thermostat, do not require switching off, high mobility (the presence of wheels makes it easy to move them from room to room) Fireproof. Silent. Can be mounted on any wall. High efficiency 99%. Fast heating of the room. Protected from overheating. Possibility of programming, convectors can be combined into an electric heating system. Small dimensions. Smooth, flat body. There are no disadvantages, only the high price.
Fan heaters provide the most high speed heating the room, but create increased noise at high speeds, and models with an open spiral have another drawback: they burn oxygen and pollute the air with combustion products.
Infrared quartz emitters used to heat certain areas of the room. They can quite heat the workplace.
Air-to-air heat pumps or inverter air conditioners provide high-speed heating of the room. Suitable for heating any premises. High efficiency when supplying, for example, 1 kW of electricity to the heat pump, depending on the operating mode and operating conditions, it provides up to 3 - 5 kW of thermal energy. Today, the heat pump is the most economical look heating your room. It has only one drawback: the high cost of the equipment compared to other heating devices.
An electric convector is one of the most popular heaters used for heating domestic, industrial and office premises. Despite the fairly wide popularity of this type of heater, few people have an idea of how it works and what the purpose of certain convector controls is.
Let's look at the operating principle of a convection heater. The operating principle of an electric convector is based on natural circulation (convection) of air. The convector, as a rule, has a rectangular shape, with an electric heating element located inside it.
There are holes on the surface of the convector designed for air circulation. The convector is designed in such a way that the air coming from the bottom and side openings is heated after passing through the heating element and then exits through the holes located on the front panel of the convector.
For example, it heats a room due to thermal radiation that comes from heated radiators. The convector has a different principle - the room is heated by a directed flow of heated air. Thanks to this, the convector heats the room much faster and, what is equally important, evenly over the entire area.
A heating element modern convector low-temperature, it is made of a special alloy, due to which it heats up much faster than usual heating elements tubular type. As a rule, 30-60 seconds after being connected to the network, the convector already begins to release heat into the room.
The efficiency of this type of heater reaches 90% due to the fact that almost all the energy is used to heat the room, unlike other types of heaters, for example, oil heaters, which do not begin to release heat into the room immediately, but only after its heat-conducting medium has warmed up - oil, and then its metal body (radiator).
There is an opinion that heaters, including electric convectors, burn oxygen. But is this really so? As mentioned above, low-temperature heating elements are installed in an electric convector; their maximum heating temperature, as a rule, does not exceed 600-60 o C.
At this temperature, oxygen is not burned, which is a significant advantage of the convector compared to other types of electric heaters, the heating elements of which heat up to several hundred degrees. In addition, the low operating temperature of the convector allows it to be installed almost anywhere, including near fire-hazardous surfaces, for example, on a wooden wall.
How can a convector effectively heat a room if the operating temperature of its heating elements is significantly lower than in other types of heaters?
The heating element of the convector has a significantly larger size, compared to heating elements that have a higher operating temperature. Thanks to this, the convector generates a sufficient amount of heat and, despite the low operating temperature of its heating elements, is able to heat a large area. Depending on the power, one convector can heat a room up to 30 square meters. m.
Most convectors are equipped with a thermostat, which is designed to regulate the temperature of the heating element and, accordingly, the temperature of the air that leaves the convector. On cheaper models they install mechanical thermostats, with the help of which temperature adjustment is carried out roughly.
Expensive models are equipped with controls that allow you to regulate the temperature with high precision - up to a tenth of a degree. For household use Precise temperature control is not so important. If the room is cold and you need to warm it up faster, set the thermostat to the maximum temperature. Upon reaching the optimal and comfortable temperature The thermostat can be set to a lower temperature.
Accurate temperature control is important when it is necessary to maintain temperature in rooms where strict temperature conditions must be observed. Thanks to the electronic thermostat, automatic adjustment of the room temperature is possible.
In addition to the thermostat, the electric convector is equipped with a switch to supply voltage to the heating element. Convectors with a power of 1500-2500 W may have 2-3 heating elements and, accordingly, a switch for several positions. For example, when installed in the first position, one heating element is turned on, in the second position, two heating elements are turned on, and in the third position, the convector operates at full power - that is, all three heating elements are turned on.
On some types of electric convectors, independent switches are installed for each of the heating elements. This option for turning on the heating elements is the most acceptable, since if one heating element burns out, you can turn on another that is in good condition, while if the heating element burns out in a convector with a step switch, there is a high probability that in none of the switch positions the convector will not work.
The presence of a thermostat and heating element switches allows you to regulate the air heating temperature in fairly wide ranges.
Electric convectors can be mounted directly on the wall or installed on the floor. If this type of heater is installed on the floor, there is a risk of it tipping over, which may cause a fire. Therefore, almost all convectors are equipped with a special protective device that automatically turns off the power to the heating elements in the event of accidental or spontaneous overturning of the convector.
The principle of this protective device next. When the convector is in a vertical position, the contacts are closed and the heating elements of the convector receive power. In case of overturning of the convector, that is, when it deviates from the vertical position by a given angle, the contacts of the protective device open and the heating elements of the convector are de-energized.
It should be noted that the convector operates in normal mode only if there is unimpeded air circulation. Therefore, in order to avoid failure of the convector, covering it is prohibited.
To maintain the required temperature level, heating systems use electrical devices called thermostats. All devices containing electric heating elements are equipped with electric thermostats.
The need and features of thermostats
The thermostat is electrical device necessary for automatic regulation temperatures in cooling and heating equipment. They are installed in heating, artificial climate, cooling or freezing systems. Widely used in household in the arrangement of greenhouses.
The purpose of the thermostat is determined by turning on or off the heating elements of any device at temperatures below or above those specified, respectively. Thanks to the operation of temperature control devices, the air in the room, water, surfaces of devices, etc. I have a stable temperature.
All thermostats, no matter what device they are in, operate on the same principle. The automatic controller receives temperature data from its environment, thanks to the fact that it is equipped with a built-in or remote temperature sensor. Based on the information received, the thermostat determines when to turn on and off. To avoid malfunctions in the operation of the device, the temperature sensor should be installed in a room away from the direct influence of various heating equipment, otherwise, distortion of the indicators may occur and, naturally, the regulator will operate incorrectly.
Classification of thermostats
The operating principle of all devices that regulate temperature is the same, but there are many types of thermostats, and they differ in:
- Purpose:
- indoor;
- weather. - Installation method:
- wall;
- wall-mounted;
— mounted on a DIN rail. - Functionality:
— central regulation;
— wireless regulation. - Control method:
— mechanical;
— electromechanical;
— digital (electronic).
Thermostats also differ in technical properties:
- Temperature measurement range. Various models Thermostats, depending on the modification, maintain temperatures from -60 to 1200 °C.
- Number of channels:
- single-channel. They are used to automatically adjust and maintain the temperature of an object at a specified level. They differ in smaller size and weight from multi-channel devices;
- multichannel. A series of standard temperature sensors are produced to record temperature. They are used in factories, laboratories, and also in the national economy. - Dimensions:
— compact;
- large;
- large.
Application of temperature controllers and sensors
Thermostats can be installed in residential and industrial premises. In general, we can highlight the following:
- And controlling the air temperature in a specific area of the room. These devices belong to the category of room regulators. There are analog and digital.
- And those that maintain the temperature of certain objects are regulators for underfloor heating.
- Outside air temperature - weather thermostats.
Regulators that are used in industrial premises are of two types:
- Industrial spatial . These devices include analog wall regulators that have increased protection.
- Industrial with separate sensors
. These are analog devices with external sensors that can be wall-mounted or mounted on a special rail.
Sensors can be installed on the walls or in the floor of the house, depending on their type and purpose. Built-in devices are mounted in installation box directly into the wall, and surface-mounted devices are simply attached to the wall.
There are also several types of sensors according to their purpose:
- Floor temperature sensor.
- Air temperature sensor.
- Infrared sensor for floor and air.
A sensor that measures air temperature is often placed on the body of the thermostat. Thermostats with infrared sensors can be used to control the entire heating system. These sensors are ideal for installation in bathrooms, showers, saunas and other rooms with high humidity. The temperature controller itself must be placed in a dry place; it can be damaged from excess moisture. True, there are models with increased tightness, and their installation in the bathroom is not dangerous in any way for them.
Regulators for heated floors differ in their internal device, This:
- Digital.
- Analog.
Digital devices have good resistance to different types interference, therefore eliminating data distortion and guaranteeing greater accuracy than analogue ones.
Peculiarities functionality electric temperature controllers:
- Wireless control (remote) . It is recommended to use it for additional installation of heating elements and reconstruction, when it is impossible or quite difficult to perform classical adjustment. Remote control eliminates additional construction and repair work during electrical installation (for example, installation of cable wiring).
- Programming devices . The central (classical) device allows you to regulate the temperature of an entire large object from one point. To program the controller, a computer or control devices are used. Control is also carried out using a telephone modem.
Operating principle, pros and cons
Mechanical temperature controller It is considered a simple and practical device. Used for heating and cooling purposes. Most often it represents an external electrical installation product intended for indoor installation in living quarters in heating systems. Appearance similar to a standard stopcock.
Specificity mechanical thermostats is the absence of an electrical component. The device operates on a special principle, which consists in the properties of certain substances and materials to change their mechanical qualities due to changes in temperature.
When the temperature changes to a specifically specified temperature, a break or short circuit occurs. electrical circuit, which causes heating devices to be turned off or on. The required temperature indicator is selected on the device scale by rotating a special wheel.
Positive points of mechanical thermostats:
- Reliability.
- Resistant to voltage surges.
- Not subject to electronic failures.
- They work at sub-zero temperatures.
- Can be used in conditions of sudden temperature changes.
- Simple controls.
- Long service life.
Flaws:
- Presence of error.
- The likelihood of small clicks appearing when voltage is applied to infrared heaters.
- Low functionality.
Regardless of the shortcomings, they are the most common and are found in the organization of heating systems more often than other thermostats, due to their simple control and low cost.
Operation of electromechanical thermostats
Electromechanical temperature controllers are used in various household electrical appliances. These products come in two modifications:
- With bimetallic strip and contact group . The plate, when heated to a certain temperature, bends and opens the contacts, which stops the supply of electric current to the heating coil or heating element of the device. After cooling, the plate bends back to its original position, the contacts close, the supply of electricity returns and the device heats up. Devices with these regulators are used in Everyday life Almost every person owns irons, electric stoves, electric kettles, etc.
- With capillary tube. The product consists of a tube filled with gas and placed in a container of water, as well as contacts. The principle of operation is based on the properties of materials to expand at certain temperatures. The substance in the hollow tube begins to expand when the water heats up, causing the contact to close. After the water has cooled, the contacts open and the electrical appliance begins to warm up. Such regulators are most often equipped with water heaters, oil heaters, and boilers.
- Automatic heating switching on.
- Tightness.
- Low price.
Disadvantages of these devices:
- Low functionality.
- Difficulty in achieving high control accuracy.
Specifics of electronic thermostats
Electronic devices are very common and are used with many electric heaters. They are usually equipped with common heating systems and air conditioning, as well as heated floors.
Main components:
- Remote temperature sensor.
- A controller is a device that sets a specific temperature level in the house, and also creates commands to turn the heater on and off.
- Electronic key – contact group.
The device sensor sends temperature data to the controller, which processes the received signal and decides whether the temperature needs to be reduced or increased.
Types of electronic thermostats:
- Conventional thermostats . In these devices, you can set the desired temperature limits or the exact temperature that will be maintained. The devices are equipped with an electronic display.
- Digital thermostats:
- With closed logic. The devices have an unchanged operating algorithm. Regulation is carried out by transmitting commands for specified parameters to specific devices that were installed in advance. The parameters are set in advance depending on the needs of the devices used for a certain temperature. Adjusting the program of these regulators is practically impossible; you can only change the basic parameters. But it is these thermostats that are most often used in everyday life.
- With open logic. These devices control the precise process of heating rooms. They have advanced settings, thanks to which you can change their operating algorithm. Controlled by buttons or touch panel. Using these devices, you can turn on or off heating systems at a strictly specified time. But their reprogramming must be done by specialists. These regulators are used more often in production and industry than in everyday life.
Programmable thermostats are easy to use and open ample opportunities for fine-tuning devices to the desired temperature indicators, depending on the requirements of individual zones of the premises.
Advantages:
- Wide range of adjustments.
- Variety of design solutions.
- Energy saving.
- High accuracy.
- Efficiency.
- Safety during operation.
Also, thermostats are easy to operate and have a low cost, but these two advantages do not apply to open logic regulators. Electronic regulators are often an integral part of a smart home system.