Types of wells for drinking water. Sewage wells: their types and types Names of wells

Sewage systems are designed to drain liquid waste from places where people live and work. Structurally, the sewerage system consists of two main parts: pipelines and wells. Wells are intended primarily for inspection, cleaning or repair of areas sewer pipe. Designs are classified into several types: by purpose, type of material, device.

Types of sewage drains

Types of wells are classified according to the type of wastewater required for disposal:

Industrial wastes. These include waters that have changed chemical composition as a result of production activities. As a rule, sewerage of this type has special systems collection, drainage and treatment.
Domestic waste. This is water mixed with various wastes from residential complexes. Pollution can be divided into household and fecal. In the private sector, both types of wells are often installed in a spaced pattern: fecal wells are closer to the roadway for pumping and removal, and utility wells are located in the back of the yard or garden. Subsequently, the gray waste can be pumped out independently, for example, to a compost heap.
Atmospheric and drainage effluents. These are rain, melt, flood waters, and sometimes groundwater. The familiar gutters on the roof are the sewage system for atmospheric wastewater. Water can be centrally collected in special containers for watering the garden or distributed to low-lying areas of the site, arranging there, for example, small pond for ducks. Drainage drains are installed at a high level groundwater, in order to protect the underground structures of buildings as much as possible.

The sewer systems themselves are divided into floating and export. Floating ones move wastewater to treatment facilities or the city sewer. The latter are designed to collect wastewater into an autonomous well with subsequent removal by special ATX transport.

Classification of wells by purpose

Different wells and purposes:

Cumulative. These are, as a rule, tanks with a capacity of 3 cubic meters. m or more, intended for direct collection and short-term storage of wastewater with subsequent removal. Pumping is carried out either with special equipment or independently. Most of the storage wells are domestic and atmospheric.
Collector. Designed to collect wastewater from several sewer systems and distribute it to a common collector or to city wastewater treatment plants. Usually they include floating and storage systems of a microdistrict or residential complex.
Filtering. The design of the well bottom provides for the release of gray water (not contaminated with toxic waste) directly into the ground naturally. These small treatment facilities can be cleaned of accumulated dense fractions once every year or two. They are installed mainly in sandy and sandy loam soils, in the absence or low location of groundwater. This type of rafting sewer well is quite economical and does not require frequent maintenance and cleaning.
Observations. They are constructed on sections longer than 50 m, as well as at turning points and junctions of highways. Necessary for auditing the operation of the sewer system, for cleaning and possible repairs. Installed in both types of sewer systems.
Drops. They are installed in areas with large differences in elevation, when it is necessary to reduce the natural slope of the pipe. Such wells are installed in waste and float sewers.

Separate from everyone else are the so-called septic wells. They have a filter and storage element of the system. Modern septic tanks capable of processing organic waste. They are reluctant to use due to their high cost.

Types of materials for wells

Wells are made from various materials. Most often used:

ceramic brick;
cinder blocks;
limestone;
stone;
reinforced concrete structures;
sheet steel;
plastic and composite materials.

From ceramic bricks, cinder blocks, limestone-shell rock or any stone make round wells. They are suitable for small volumes. One person can build such a well.

Brick wells have recently become less and less popular due to their labor intensity. Distributed in autonomous systems sewerage, mainly in the private sector.

Reinforced concrete wells come in two types: monolithic concrete and national teams concrete rings. Monolithic wells are designed for small volumes. They can be done without the use of special equipment. They are quite labor-intensive to perform - it is necessary to set up the formwork and reinforcement, prepare it, lay it correctly in layers and cure it concrete mixture, remove the formwork, arrange the ceiling. If the depth is shallow, the shape of the well can be any.

In urban areas, prefabricated wells are the most common. They consist of standard prefabricated rings of a meter in height and diameter, bottom plates and a covering with an opening for a hatch. The advantages of this type of wells are: quick installation, significant depth. Disadvantage: involving equipment for transportation and installation of concrete elements.

Metal wells are a container made of sheet steel. For such purposes, old tanks and pipes are often used large diameter with welded ends, welded rectangular structures. Before installation, the metal is carefully primed inside and out, entrance holes and hatches for inspection are cut out. The main disadvantage of such a well is the susceptibility of iron to corrosion and the impossibility of repair. Metal wells are used very rarely in everyday life, because installation requires special equipment, and the cost of iron on the secondary market is quite high.

Plastic or composite wells tolerate temperature fluctuations well, are airtight and durable. Such structures are functional, durable, light in weight, easy to install, and resistant to chemical influences.

Storage well: example of a device

For example, you can consider detailed device storage and filter wells, as the most common in the private sector of the city and country cottages.

The volume of the well depends on the number of people living and the equipment installed in the house. In a modern two-story cottage, as a rule, there is kitchen sink, bathroom with sink, toilet, washing machine and a dishwasher on the first floor and a toilet with a sink or shower on the second. Such equipment is optimal for comfortable stay families with an average of 5 people. As stated above, it is best to arrange both types of wells: storage for collecting fecal waste and filtering for household waste.

A storage well is installed in the lowest part of the site to ensure the best movement of water through the pipeline. This well is only for collecting fecal matter from toilets and must be made from concrete rings or from a factory-made plastic container.

Before installation, reinforced concrete rings must be coated with a special waterproofing compound, and the joints are sealed. Plastic wells, despite more high cost, is preferable, as it is more convenient to install and operate. It is better to entrust the selection and installation of such a well to a special organization. The well must be accessible for a tank truck to pump out sewage.

Filter well: example of a device

The filter well has similar functions and design, but it does not have a bottom. The base of the well is a multilayer filter made of layers of sand and gravel of various sizes. You can make such a well from concrete rings or brickwork- in the lower part, several rows are laid with holes in a checkerboard pattern for water to escape. Wastewater do not linger in the well and go into the ground without hindrance. It is best to direct slightly polluted water into this well, for example, from a bath or kitchen. After installation bottom part Line the outside of the well with crushed stone so that soil does not penetrate inside the trunk.

Perhaps in the near future, robotic systems for repairing and cleaning pipelines will appear. But until this wonderful time comes, people will need to climb into sewer wells day and night, winter and summer and perform difficult, dirty, but the right job to ensure cleanliness in homes.

In order to design and build any type of sewer system, it is necessary to assemble necessary set materials. To monitor the performance of the sewerage system, special systems are used - wells. Their role is very important in the sewerage system; it is through them that the system is cleaned.

This article will discuss, because most of them are made of different materials and come in all sizes.

Design and structure of sewer wells

As a rule, the structure of a well for sewerage has a typical structure:

Hatch cover ( top part well);
Neck;
Camera;
Mine;

Depending on the material and which the well is made, there may be different sizes of products. The type of underground communications determines the shape of the underground chamber.

The dimensions and type of well are determined based on the requirements that are presented for the communications that will be connected to the well. As a rule, the height of the working chamber of the well is 180 centimeters.

The well shaft is made in the shape of a round section. Most wells have a ladder to make it easy to get down into them. Each well must be covered with a lid. It is needed to prevent debris and dirt from falling into the well, and also to prevent someone from falling into it.

You can often hear on the news that an animal or person has fallen into an uncovered well. That is why it is strictly forbidden to use a sewer well without a cover.

How to correctly calculate the size of a sewer well?

For pipes that have a diameter of up to 300 millimeters, round wells with a diameter of up to 1 meter are used. In this case, the working chamber of the well must have a diameter of at least 700 millimeters.

If the diameter of the pipes is more than 300 millimeters, then it is recommended to install concrete wells that have a bottom diameter of up to one meter. In this case, choose a rectangular bottom shape. With this design it will be convenient to make holes for the pipeline.

Advice! When installing a well, you must ensure that the angle between it and the pipes is no more than 90 degrees. If wells with differences are being installed, then this figure can be changed. If pipes of different diameters are connected to the well, then they are connected along the pipes.

Main types of sewer wells

Today there are the following types of wells:

Corner well
Passage well
Rotary sewer well
Control well
Station well

The main tasks to be performed by the structure in further work, are determined based on the installation of the well.

The main and primary task for anyone sewer hatch- monitoring the entire operation of the sewer system.

With the help of sewer wells, you can perform tasks such as:

Reducing the distance in an adjacent system;
Elimination of differences in inlet and outlet pipes;
System cleaning;
Collection of dirt and waste that collects in wells.

Sewer inspection wells

Currently, sewer inspection wells are divided into the following types:

Linear well - installed in three sections of the entire sewer system. The main thing is that the system has a direct direction.
Rotary well - installed in places where the direction of the system changes.
Nodal well - performed to connect several sewerage systems.
Control well - designed to connect the yard, block and street sewer networks.

In order to install a linear well, you do not need to have any specific skills. Installation is quick and easy. The length of the well depends on the diameter of the pipe.

Helpful information! The minimum length is 35 meters. In this case, pipes with a diameter of no more than 150 millimeters are used. Maximum length systems can be up to 300 meters. In this case, pipes with a diameter of more than 2000 millimeters are used.

A rotary well is a kind of point where maintenance of the well is carried out, taking into account cleaning the system high pressure water.

Rotary wells are installed at each bend of the rotary pipe. Why do you need to do this? The fact is that rotary wells provide better access and make it possible to service the supply pipe.

Drop wells are a separate point. Their main purpose is to level the supply pipe.

Drop wells are made in order to reduce the depth of the pipeline that is laid in the ground. The differential well limits the maximum permissible flow rate.

Main types of drop wells

Depending on the design of the drop well, the following varieties are distinguished:

Changes in which there is a drain of water of a practical profile. There is a water well in the downstream;
Tubular drops. Such wells have different designs, but they are all united by a single element - vertical pipe;
Drops that have a spillway wall;
Chess multi-stage changes. They have different designs. In design feature - each stage extinguishes the energy of the flow;
Rapid flow wells. They have small channels with a large slope.

Basic sanitary requirements for the construction of differential sewer wells

According to the terms sanitary requirements When installing a sewer system using pipes with a diameter of no more than 600 millimeters, it is not necessary to install a differential well.

When executed sewer system, the height of the drops is up to 3 meters, it is necessary to install tubular drops.

Celebrated! A well for flushing is installed at the beginning of the network. It will serve to flush the network in those places where the flow is weakest.

You can install normal manhole, which will play the role of a flushing well. Sometimes special structures are used that are equipped with a water supply.

Need to know everything design features well, as well as its elements that are part of the well. The well must be marked. Don't neglect the labeling.

Most often, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are used, which are carried out in accordance with GOST 8020-56. Round concrete wells have diameters: 700, 1000, 1250 and 1500 millimeters. Accordingly, hatches are selected in accordance with GOST 3634-91.

Materials for sewer wells

From modern manufacturers Today you can get sewer wells that are made from different materials.

Reinforced concrete, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and fiberglass are used.

Rectangular and round wells are produced. Round wells are most often used for sewerage.

Why do you need waterproofing of wells?

Despite the fact that there is always moisture in the well, it must have reliable waterproofing. First of all, you need to protect the well as much as possible from sewage entering it. external waters.

Today you can choose one of several dozen waterproofing wells. If fulfilled reinforced concrete well, then you can buy any material on the market as waterproofing. This special compounds. It is important to study the instructions for using waterproofing before starting work.

Little advice! In order to insulate the seams of a concrete well, it is necessary to use a special mixture for this purpose.

Before applying a layer of waterproofing, it is necessary to prepare the concrete structure. The loose surface is removed, using a brush it is cleaned and dried. A metal brush is used. If there are places where water flows, a recess is made in the form of a “swallow’s tail”. It is laid 5 centimeters deep with a mixture for waterproofing.

Special attention is paid to waterproofing at the joints. Professionals advise additionally moistening the joints. Then after some time you need to fill them with a special solution.

Only then do they begin to apply waterproofing to the entire surface of the well. It is recommended to apply several layers of waterproofing at once. At a minimum, three layers are used. The first layer should dry for about a day. One layer is applied every day.

Advice! When waterproofing a well is carried out within three days, it is necessary to eliminate loads on the well, and also to prevent low temperatures from affecting the well. It is important to remember that the surface must be slightly moistened during all three days. Usually a spray is used. You can simply cover the well with polyethylene. Moisture will not leave the well and its concentration will increase.

It takes at least two weeks to complete the internal waterproofing of the well.

As a result, we can say that, despite the diversity drop wells, they are also used for other purposes. For example, a well can be used to wash away sediments that collect in the system if the flow rate and power in the pipes is quite low.

From a practical point of view, it is worth noting that it is best to use wells that are made of lightweight materials. The fact is that a well made of concrete has a lot of weight. In turn, its installation will require a unit of lifting equipment, as well as transport for delivery to the work site. In order to connect pipes to a concrete well, it is necessary to additionally make holes, which must then be well sealed.

Plastic and polyvinyl chloride wells do not have such disadvantages. You can easily install them yourself. To the site in Vacation home You can easily install a well on the roof of a car. There is no need to make holes for pipes. They are already provided there. Their plastic wells come in absolutely any size and design, which clearly makes them more attractive against the background concrete structures. The service life of a plastic well is long, while a concrete product has limited period operation.

Today you can find several types of wells in the construction hypermarket. The cost of a plastic well will be an order of magnitude higher than a concrete one, but the advantages of the first are obvious. If you need to create a convenient and reliable sewerage system, then you need to use the best building materials.

Most of the work on arranging sewer wells can be done independently. Clear instructions and regulations must be followed. This way you can save significant money on calling a specialist. However, if you are not sure that you will be able to do everything yourself, you can always turn to professional plumbers for help, who will help you complete all the work quickly and efficiently. They have certain work experience and the necessary set of tools and equipment that will be involved in all work.

Almost every suburban area Where there is a residential building, water wells are built. They help ensure proper water supply and ensure normal life activities away from the city.

Types of wells in a suburban area

Water wells can be different sizes and shapes. It all depends on free space on a suburban area and on what type of water supply will be used.
Types of water wells:

Rising.
Tubular.
Shakhtny.

Let's take a closer look at the designs:

The ascending type can only be used in a place where a spring or any other source of water comes to the surface.
Most often it is used in nature reserves rich in springs and other bodies of water. He doesn't look like much complex design, which comes out to the ground surface in the form of a small pipe.
A filter station is installed on it; a pump (see) may not be needed, since the water itself rises to the surface.

Advice. In suburban areas modern type It makes no sense to install this type of well.
It will take quite a lot of effort to get to a certain layer of earth. In some cases, rising sources can be located at depths of up to 150 m.

Shaft and tube wells are considered more in demand for water supply to suburban areas. There are examples of them in the photo.

Mine structure and its functions

Functional Features

This type is the very first one that was used by man to supply water to his home.
Its size and shape can be varied:

Square.
Round.
Oval.
Rectangular.

Water enters through the bottom or partially through the walls.

Advice. If the groundwater in a suburban area does not lie too deep, then it is most rational to use a mine well for water supply.

It can be built on any soil, as it is reliably strengthened from the inside of the structure.
Walls can be:

Wooden beams.
Stone (rubble or brick).

Application of materials:

Wood was used when no other materials were available. On this moment They began to often lay out wells for water using bricks or rubble stones.
For a longer period of use of the structure, concrete rings are used, which also have different sizes and thicknesses.

It will be mandatory to use natural filter materials on the bottom and walls of such a structure:

Sand.
Crushed stone.

The depth of such a well can reach 8-16 m. It all depends on the quality of water you need.
The video in this article shows the process of digging and constructing a mine well. It will also be necessary to finish the mine structure.

Mine well finishing

Types of structures

Such work is necessary because in appearance the well resembles a deep hole and for safety reasons it will be necessary to limit it with any modern building material.
For this purpose, houses are built, which can be from:

Brick.
Tree.
Foam blocks.
Foam concrete.

Let's take a closer look:

If brick or other similar material requires additional decoration, then wood does not.
Brick is almost always finished with natural agglomerate or artificial stone. For such work it is necessary to prepare a flat surface.
The wood is simply varnished.

Advice. To add sophistication and attractive appearance external structure mine well, quite often various patterns are cut out on the wood, which looks original.

It will be necessary to build a roof, which is made from:

Wood.
Corrugated sheeting.
Metal tiles and other roofing materials.

Advice. To prevent debris from getting inside, you need to cover it with a lid made of wood or corrugated board.

tube well

This type is a borehole. He does not have big size, but its depth can be quite impressive.
Used for its arrangement:

Concrete pipes.
Plastic pipes.

So:

If a mine well is dug with a shovel, then a tubular well is drilled using a special drill. The most important thing when choosing this type of well is to determine the location of the groundwater so that it does not clog the water supply source.
The tube well must be well equipped as water will not collect in it. Various automatic devices are used to lift water outward.
The well can be simple or artesian. What is the difference? The latter type of water is purer and healthier.
It lies quite deep underground and very often this depth is at least 15-20 m.

The price for a tube well is much more modest than for a shaft well. In the process of its construction, much less building material and effort are spent.

How to choose a place to build a well

Both options for a water source can be built with your own hands. You just need to choose the right place for it in a suburban area.
Let's take a closer look:

There are specific instructions for this. According to it, the reservoir with the water supply should not be too close to the residential building, since if the well itself is flooded with groundwater, the structure may begin to deform (destruction of the foundation, walls will crack, and so on).
All this can lead to complete destruction of the house.
It is also worth considering that a well of any type should not be located near sewage pits, compost pits and other things that can pollute groundwater. The distance from them should be at least 20 m.
How to determine the water level? To do this, you can analyze the reservoirs that are located near the suburban area.
You can ask your neighbors about the depth of their well. But it’s worth considering that everyone needs their own type of water.

Advice. This method can only help if it is planned to build a tube well with artesian water on the site.

How to detect water

How to find water

Water detection for a well can be performed different ways. You can use any desiccant that is first buried in the place where you plan to build the well.
The burial depth must be at least 0.5 m.

Advice. Brick or silica gel can be used as a desiccant. They are pre-dried and weighed.

So:

After 24 hours, the desiccant is dug out and weighed again. If it has acquired quite a lot of weight compared to its original value, then a well can be built in such a place.
The second method is based on natural phenomena. After a hot day during twilight, you need to carefully inspect the site.
If there is a gray haze (fog) in any place, then that is where the well will need to be built.

Advice. According to legend, if the smoke rises in a column or swirls, then this is the place where the most fertile structure will be.

You can discover water for a well by studying the topography of the area. If there are hills or hills on it, then there is definitely a lot of water between them, since the water underground topography accurately follows the topography of the soil.

Advice. If the area is flat, then there will probably be quite a few places with enough water.

There may also be various plants that require quite a lot of liquid to grow. These are sedge, spruce, birch, alder.
Please note that if a pine tree grows in a suburban area, and in order to be saturated with water, it has a rather long taproot, which means that the water is very deep.
They help determine the location of water and nearby bodies of water. Have to take special device and measure their pressure right on the shore of the reservoir.
Then the same actions are performed on the site. If the pressure has a deviation of 0.5 mm mercury, then the water will be at a depth of 6-8 m.
Pets are also good at locating water. In most cases, on hot days, they dig holes in a place where there is water and lie down in it.
Water is very close to the surface and in sufficient quantity.
There is another way to detect water - exploratory drilling. To do this, a well is drilled and as soon as water appears in the well, drilling can be stopped.
But here it is already worth deciding what is better, leaving a well or building a well.

Advice. Exploration drilling is carried out at a depth of 5-10 meters.

There is a certain conditional depth. It is 10-15 m.
If the water is at greater depth, then it is most rational to make a well.

Automation to ensure the normal functioning of a well or well

Water stations play an important role in the water supply of residential buildings in a suburban area. They help pump water into certain reservoirs and thereby store it.
So:

They also ensure normal water supply to the house and with their help, irrigation is carried out on the site.
At the moment, pumping stations are of different sizes. They can be installed directly in the well or outside it (in the house or in any utility room).

Advice. To ensure the supply of water to the house, pipes need to be laid from the well.

The main task will be to provide electricity to the site, since without it the pumps will not work.
There are several types of pumping stations:

Superficial.
In-depth.
Deep.

The first two types are used to provide shallow wells. And the latter is capable of extracting water from a very great depth, which reaches 80 m. Pumping stations can be turned on automatically or using special remote controls.
It all depends on the water consumption in the area. If your fluid consumption is high, it is best to opt for automatic pumping stations.

Today, dachas have a centralized water supply, however, for many people there is still a well - current problem. In holiday villages, water may not be supplied in winter; For watering the garden, it is always advisable to have an additional source so as not to overpay and not be too dependent on its supply (switching off).

Well construction and types

The well is vertical system With reinforced surface and a structure for supplying water from underground sources (wells or groundwater). According to the mechanism of rising internal waters, this can be:

a Russian well, water is obtained from it thanks to a rope wound around a special drum, at the end of which a bucket is tied;
a shaduf well, in which a crane-type lever is used to lift water from the shaft;
an Archimedes screw in which water rises in large portions.

In drinking wells only:

groundwater of spring origin;
artesian waters that come out from the depths due to the force of natural pressure.

Based on the material used to strengthen the internal walls, wells can be:

wooden;
brick;
concrete;
stone.

The structure of a wooden Russian well is a shaft, no more than 20 m deep and consists of lifting mechanism- a gate, a clay castle, on top of which crushed stone is poured and a blind area is laid. The well is dug until the groundwater flows, under which lay the filter from gravel and sand.

The part that is above the surface of the earth is called the head, its cover with a lid protecting from debris and winter icing. The part located underground is called the trunk, it is dug deep into the mine, the walls of which are reinforced. The shape of the shaft is most often round (the most convenient), square (the simplest) and any other (rectangular, hexagonal, etc.).

Concrete, brick and stone wells are dug with a round shaft.

How and when to dig

Digging in the spring is not recommended due to the high probability of choosing the wrong depth.
The best time to dig a well is the end of February or August. In February it is not easy to dig, but at other times you may not dig a well at all.
If you start digging, you cannot interrupt it to prevent the column from sticking.
The use of a winch or crane to remove the rings is mandatory.
A team of three people must dig a well, taking turns replacing each other.

Country well made of logs

A well is dug if groundwater lies at a depth of up to 15 m, otherwise lifting the soil upward will be difficult. Shaft depth less than 5 m is also unacceptable, due to the likelihood of being hit surface waters, leading to pollution and the impossibility of using it for drinking, and there is not much water there.

The location for the well must be chosen at least 5 m from the buildings on the foundation, preferably at least 20 m away. Determine water occurrence traditional methods it is possible, but it is better if you contact a special hydrological organization. However, if you see that your neighbors have wells and water in them, you can safely dig on your site, you will definitely have it too.

It is better to dig a well at a time when surface layers of water are depleted, and you will probably reach groundwater without accidentally mistaking perched water for it.

The material for the log house should be durable rocks oak type trees. So that the water does not take brown tint and did not give a bitter taste, it is subjected to a staining process. You can use other tree species, for example: elm, larch, alder, aspen, pine. Can be used in the above-water and underwater parts of the well different types trees.

Before starting to dig a mine, select fastening method logs between each other (as a rule, “in a paw” in “half a tree”, etc.) so that there are no obstacles to inserting the log into the finished shaft.

Having made markings and pulled out a recess for clay castle, start digging the well shaft to a maximum depth of about 20 m.

Separately, a frame is assembled corresponding to the depth of the dug shaft.
The finished log house is brought into the shaft, trying to prevent damage to the walls.
The lower crown is neat sit on supports, made from leftover logs. For a hard landing, they hit the top rim of the frame with a heavy sledgehammer.
The soil is sampled for further advancement of the log house.
Delete wooden supports and the frame must lower, otherwise help with a sledgehammer.
They repeat the actions (put up supports, dig a hole, etc.).
If a lot of water accumulates in the pit, use a pump to pump it out.
After installation wooden structure, pump out water from the bottom, level it and pour filter layers- sand, then gravel.
A meter-long pit is dug around the well to make clay castle, preventing the ingress of top water.
To prevent rainwater from leaking make a blind area with a slight slope from the well.
The rest of the work is being carried out on landscaping appearance well.

Concrete wells

Wells made of concrete more hygienic and durable compared to wooden counterparts. Concrete wells You can dig in two ways:

Formwork method.
Using concrete rings.

Formwork method. This is done simply: formwork is placed along the walls dug to a certain depth of the shaft, and it is poured cement composition, sand and crushed stone (in a proportion of ½/3), water is added at an average rate of 0.6 per unit of proportion. After curing after 12 days remove the formwork, They dig a hole under a concrete wall and lower the ring. This process is repeated until the well is completely dug to the desired depth.

One of the Moscow companies offers digging wells from concrete rings at a cost of at 2,000 rubles. for work in depth in 1 ring (0.8 m), the cost of the ring itself is 2,000 rubles. Digging a well with a depth of over 16 m will cost 2,450 rubles. for each subsequent ring. If you order a cottage - it will cost you 6,000 rub.

Another company offers its services at lower prices. The cost of installing one ring is 1,800 rub., and the installation of the house - RUB 5,500 In addition, you will have to pay at least 150 rubles for rolling the ring. for every 20 m and delivery of materials. The cost of a well 15 m deep will cost at 100,900 rub. taking into account materials for the bottom, house, etc., excluding transportation costs.

The company “Svoy Well” also digs wells from 2,000 rub., installation of a house from 5,000 rub., and sells the rings themselves 1,500 rub. a piece.

Average prices in the Moscow region per ring - 1,900 rub., and for digging for one ring - 2,000 rub. However, if there are difficulties with removing soil, groundwater, soil, then the price may be higher. On average, a turnkey well in the Moscow region can cost 9 m deep - 68,000 rub., for 18 m - 145,500 rub. with a house.

Digging wells is very labor-intensive process associated with many nuances that are difficult for a non-specialist to understand, so it is best to contact an organization engaged in digging wells, which has specialists to carry out geodetic developments and all technological processes.

What types of water wells are in demand today? Which ones are better, and which ones have certain characteristic disadvantages? These and similar questions interest many compatriots, country houses and whose dachas were built far from centralized water supply mains.

Classification of wells

In accordance with the design features, all wells can be divided into the following categories:

key;
mine;
pipe;
tubular.

Key well

A key well for water is considered the simplest and most economical both in construction and in subsequent operation. There are two types of such structures: descending and ascending.

The instructions for constructing an ascending well are as follows:

The place where the ascending key comes to the surface is leveled and deepened. We strengthen the resulting recess with stones or bricks.
We install a well frame in the recess. The log house can be made of wood in the shape of a barrel or box without a bottom. If possible, the log house is made of concrete. We install the well frame so that the lower edge is located below the water level.
If the height of the log house is greater than the upper level of water rise, then a drain hole needs to be made in it.
Since the drain water needs to be diverted from the well as far as possible, we dig a ditch under the drain. We coat the walls of the ditch with a layer of clay and wait until the clay is completely dry. For reliability, the inside of the ditch can be lined with flagstone.
Next, we make a thick clay solution and cover the gaps between the walls of the log house and the walls of the recess.
Around the frame we fill the top layer of clay with crushed stone or gravel.
At the bottom of the well we arrange bottom, crushed stone or coarse river sand. The filter thickness should be from 15 to 30 cm.
Around the entire well we make a blind area of clay covered with flagstone, brick or concrete.

Important: After drawing water from the well, be sure to close it with a tight lid so that precipitation and debris do not get inside.

The design features of the descending key well largely explain the low quality of water and high level the content of particles of silt, soil, etc. in it.

Just as in the case of an ascending well, we install a frame in the recess, which can be made of any materials. The bottom of the log house must be lined with stone, brick, concrete or wood.

The frame of such a well must be equipped with a transverse partition so that the water below can settle and flow to the top purified. Instead of traditional log house You can use a concrete pipe of the appropriate diameter. A partition is also installed in the pipe for water purification. On the side from which the water comes, crushed stone or gravel is poured.

Mine wells

Despite the fact that key wells are economical and easy to use, their location is determined by the presence of ascending or descending keys, the search for which is difficult. Therefore, in some areas it is preferable to use shaft wells.

Such structures are a mine with a depth of 10 to 30 meters. The cross-sectional diameter of the shaft can reach one and a half meters.

Wells mine type can be made in various configurations.

For example, according to the type building materials, mine wells can be:

concrete;
stone;
brick;
wooden.

In the photo - a trunk made of reinforced concrete rings

In addition, the shape of the structure shaft can be round, square, or rectangular.

In accordance with the method of water supply, mine wells are divided into the following modifications:

key (water is collected from the bottom);
prefabricated (water seeps through the side walls and, to a lesser extent, through the bottom).

The part of the shaft located above the ground surface is called the head. Title, provided correct device, protects the shaft from clogging with debris and foreign objects. In addition, during the cold season, the cap prevents freezing and icing of the inside of the well. For this purpose, the design of the head includes a more or less fully closed lid.

The underground part of the water intake shaft is called the shaft. The trunks differ in the shape of the peppered section. For example, they can be round, square, rectangular and hexagonal.

The middle part of the trunk - the log house can be made of dry dense wood. In this case, the crowns are laid as tightly as possible, so that water and small particles of soil do not pass between them. IN modern designs Wood is being replaced everywhere by reinforced concrete or brick and stone masonry.

The lower part - the sump - acts as a water intake, that is, it is used to store water. This part of the barrel is made using the most durable materials.

Important: The size of the trunk is determined by the volume of daily water consumption.
If the dimensions of the water intake shaft are too large and the contents of the shaft for a long time is not consumed, stagnation occurs, as a result of which the original consumer properties of water are lost.

Tube wells

This type of well is a well drilled to groundwater. The structure is called a pipe structure because of its round shape. Wells for constructing such wells are drilled using special equipment, since the water lies at a depth of about 30 meters. However, if there are no access roads to the site, it is necessary to drill manually using the percussion-rope method.

As a rule, manual drilling begins with digging a square shaft or hole with an average depth of up to 2 m and a width of up to 1.5 m. In order to prevent the walls of the hole from collapsing, we additionally line them with slabs or unnecessary boards. By removing the fragile soil layer before starting work, it is possible to avoid the collapse of the barrel when removing the drill from the well.

More details about drilling and constructing wells manually are described in the relevant articles on our portal.

tube well

If you wish, you can build a tube well with your own hands. There are several modifications of this structure and all of them are easy to implement and easy to maintain.

Among the wells tubular type The following modifications have become widespread:

Abyssinian (driving) wells;
deep wells;
structures based on asbestos-cement pipes.

Of greatest interest is Abyssinian well. This method of constructing a water intake shaft is optimal for use in areas with unknown parameters of the aquifer. Using this method, during the day you can check the entire dacha or garden plot for the presence of water.

The fact is that the diameter of the trunk is only 1.5-2.5 cm, and therefore finding water for a well is not difficult. The trunk is literally squeezed into the ground by a narrow hollow pipe with a sharpened cut edge.

The pipe is clogged to its full depth, then removed and freed from the soil clogged inside. Then the pipe is reinserted into the hole, extended with a removable rod and buried again, and so on until water is detected.

Conclusion

The cost of a professionally designed and constructed well is high. It is much more profitable to cope with this work yourself, without involving professional specialists.

As you can see, the range of water intake structures is wide, and therefore everyone can choose the most suitable option. More interesting and useful information can be found by watching the video in this article.