Conditions for state financial assistance for a business plan. Subsidies for start-up entrepreneurs

Capital authorities Russian Federation are developing measures to stimulate business activity of the population. Supporting small businesses in Moscow is a systematic activity of government agencies, carried out at the legislative and executive levels.

Let's consider the options for budget assistance that capital businessmen can count on in 2018.

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Goals and forms of work

The authorities interact with business structures through specially created Funds. These enterprises accumulate the initiatives of market participants, create tools and new forms of cooperation between the state and entrepreneurs.

The policy priorities of the Moscow authorities are:

promoting the involvement of young people in business activities;
support for market entities working with foreign counterparties;
providing conditions for improving the professional and educational level of entrepreneurs;
providing funding to companies involved in infrastructure and civil society development.

For example, the Interregional Marketing Center “Moscow” organizes the promotion of goods produced in the capital in the regions. There is an enterprise whose tasks include creating a unified information environment for businessmen.

In addition to other forms of support, subsidies are provided for small businesses in Moscow. This form of cooperation is the attraction of budget funds for the development of small businesses.

These structures see their goals as:

combining the efforts of businessmen to increase the level of interaction with the state;
improving working conditions for entrepreneurs;
development of proposals for improving legislation;
providing support to start-up businessmen.

For information: a company can receive help not only from the authorities. The centers actively cooperate with private investors, accumulating their proposals.

Types of support

There are several foundations operating in the capital of the Russian Federation. They offer clients and partners a variety of useful services.

The table shows their features

Information: there is a center in every district of the city.

Assistance in obtaining a loan

This type of support is provided by the Bank Lending Assistance Fund. Its essence is that the borrower receives government guarantees. Terms of provision:

working with a partner bank;
impeccable credit history and business reputation;
registration in Moscow or the region.

Attention: The Fund guarantees up to 50% of the loan. The bank independently applies for a guarantee.

Rent at reduced prices

In order to reduce the costs of running a business, start-up entrepreneurs are provided with discounts on renting space in buildings state-owned (to the municipality). The price is five to six times lower than the market price. However, to receive a preference, the following conditions must be met:

register as a person on the list of small businesses;
engage in educational or medical projects.

Attention: the subsidy is not issued to applicants who violate the deadlines for making tax and other obligatory payments.

Subsidization

The Center "MB of Moscow" allocates funds free of charge to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. The conditions are:

less than two years have passed since the start of activity;
no more than 250 hired workers work in production;
annual revenue does not exceed 1 billion rubles;
the share of foreign owners does not exceed 25%.

To receive money, you must send an application to the structure, accompanying it necessary documentation. The subsidy is targeted. You will have to account for the use of funds.

Information: the amount of assistance does not exceed 500 thousand rubles.

The above organization issues targeted subsidies to participate in exhibitions. Their size reaches 300 thousand rubles. The selection criteria for participants are the same as listed above. But there are exceptions. This type of assistance cannot be received by a structure engaged in the following types of activities:

trade in excisable goods;
mediation;
agency work.

Watch a video about supporting small and medium-sized businesses

A quarter of the country's total employed population is provided with work thanks to small businesses. Working in accordance with rapidly changing market demands, this group of active people produces a range of products and services, thereby serving the bulk of consumers. However, more than half of the people who want to open their own business remain at the stage of conversations and dreams.

The state, providing assistance to small businesses, pursues two goals: the fight against unemployment and economic development, because each created business entity will return to the budget the funds invested in it in the form of taxes.

What kind of help can you expect?

In 2017, subsidies in the amount of 7,513,983.2 thousand rubles were allocated from the state for the development of entrepreneurship.

The amount of the subsidy depends on the region in which the recipient of the subsidy is located. Largest size subsidies allocated federal budget Smolensk region - 318,303.4 thousand rubles. The least amount is allocated to Nenets autonomous region– 390 thousand rubles.

Main directions state support:

providing financial support to small businesses (5,528,586.5 thousand rubles);
provision of subsidies for co-financing of capital investments (RUB 1,655,859.2 thousand);
assistance in the development of youth entrepreneurship (RUB 229,537.5 thousand);
MFC for business (100,000 thousand rubles).

If the performance indicators for using the subsidy are not achieved, even 100% of the funds used must be returned.

Types of subsidies

Subsidizing the cost of purchasing equipment. The state provides subsidies to compensate for up to 90% of the costs of purchasing equipment.
Subsidies to cover interest rates on loans and leasing operations. This subsidy applies to all industries and is valid in most regions.

It is necessary to contact a government agency to clarify the nuances of receiving a subsidy before receiving a loan or concluding a leasing agreement. This is necessary so that the formulation of the purpose of obtaining borrowed money or drawing up a leasing agreement complied with the conditions for the provision of subsidies.

Subsidizing expenses for participation in exhibitions. In some regions, it is possible to achieve full reimbursement of costs for participation in federal exhibitions if they do not exceed 150 thousand rubles. It should be noted that such costs can reach up to 300 thousand rubles. and more. In this case, only part of the costs will be reimbursed.

To clarify the types of subsidies provided in each specific region, you should contact the regional government agency or to the official website.

Grants for starting a business

The amount of subsidy that can be received in the regions is limited to 300 thousand rubles, in Moscow – 500 thousand rubles. The funds are designed to reimburse 30-50% of expenses; the recipient of state support must find the remaining amount himself. Innovative enterprises can count on an increased subsidy of up to 2.5 million rubles. for the purchase of fixed assets, payment of lease payments, purchase of raw materials and materials, as well as maintenance of workplaces.

As part of the self-employment program, citizens registered with the employment center can count on receiving a grant in the amount of 58.8 thousand rubles. to open a small business. If, when opening a small enterprise, jobs are created, then the same amount is due for each employee who is provided with a job.

How to get government support: step-by-step algorithm

In order to receive financial support from the state, it is necessary to follow a certain algorithm of actions:

Step 1. Create a business plan. When drawing up a business plan, the emphasis should be on the amount that will return to the budget in the form of taxes, on the creation of new jobs and the demand for the business, since these are the parameters that are assessed.

Step 2. Prepare Required documents(the list of documents depends on the type of government support).

Step 3. Contact the government agency with an application.

Step 4. Wait for the decision on subsidies.

Any state is interested in the development of entrepreneurship. An increase in the number of actively operating small enterprises causes an improvement in the quality of life of citizens and an increase in economic indicators in general. In addition, huge corporations cannot quickly respond to changes in the market situation and are unable to meet the changing needs of the population in a timely manner.

Small business support 2018, state programs to promote private entrepreneurship - a fairly common practice in Western countries. Most often, the authorities are interested in small local companies that improve the economic situation in a particular city: providing them with various benefits and subsidies allows them to increase the competitiveness of their products and the investment attractiveness of the region.

In Russia, this form of assistance is less common: local self-government bodies usually do not have the budget necessary to implement such activities. However, domestic entrepreneurs can take advantage alternative option- a program to promote the development of SMEs implemented at the federal level, which includes many ways of both financial and infrastructural support for newly created businesses.

Who can count on help?

Studying public policy With regard to private entrepreneurs, it can be noted that current financial and non-material support programs are aimed primarily at representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. To find out whether a particular company falls into this category, it is necessary to take into account the average number of employees and annual turnover:

Enterprise format

Thus, only these business entities can apply for individual entrepreneur assistance from the state in 2018, provided that they meet some additional requirements:

Duration of existence - no more than two years;
The SME is registered with the tax service;
The company has no debts on tax and fund contributions.

Funds are distributed unevenly among applicants: in order to increase the likelihood of success in attracting third-party funding, an entrepreneur must work in one of the current priority areas:

Production of essential goods;
Eco-tourism services;
Various directions of folk art;
Agro-industrial sector;
Department of Housing and Utilities;
Social entrepreneurship;
Scientific and technical sphere.

Where can I get help?

Many authorities and organizations have powers related to resolving issues of providing assistance to entrepreneurs. Each of them operates in a designated area and has its own budget:

City Administration. In the department economic development you can get information about all types of federal and local programs for financial support for small businesses in 2018;
Entrepreneurship support funds. Conduct an examination of projects submitted by entrepreneurs and, based on the results obtained, allocate funds to finance small enterprises;
Chambers of Commerce and Industry. They provide free consultations on marketing, finance, legal support and certification, and also help to take part in various federal and international exhibitions;
Business incubators. Provide beginning entrepreneurs with infrastructural support, provide space and equipment for conducting activities;
Venture funds. The most promising startups are identified and grants are allocated to support small businesses in 2018. The foundations' priorities are scientific, technical and innovative projects.

Types of programs

State support programs for business activities in 2018 are being implemented at different administrative levels. In accordance with the scale and volume of financing, they can be classified as:

Federal programs:

Designed for implementation nationwide;
Characterized by large volumes of financial support for small businesses in 2018;
They operate funds primarily for large-scale projects;
Implement a development strategy for existing enterprises.

Regional programs:

Operate within the boundaries of administrative regions;
They operate with the budget of a specific region or region;
Designed for the development of regional infrastructure.

Local programs:

Implemented for city or regional entrepreneurs;
They have a relatively small amount of funding;
Solve local economic problems.

Direct financial assistance

When subsidizing, funds under the 2018 small business support program are issued to the entrepreneur free of charge. In other cases we're talking about on preferential loans and loans provided for a long period at a reduced interest rate. However, any form of financing has a specified purpose and is accompanied by documentary reporting in the prescribed form. So, money can be spent on:

Rent of premises or land;
Purchase of fixed assets;
Purchase of raw materials and consumables;
Purchase of production equipment.

Grants

This type financing is available not only to businessmen starting to register their first enterprise, but also to those who have been engaged in commercial activities for no more than two years. Conducting competitions among entrepreneurs and distributing grants are carried out by:

Department for Entrepreneurship Development;
Department of Economic Development;
Local authorities;
SME support funds;
Entrepreneurs' unions.

At the beginning of each year, local authorities clarify the list of priority activities: this information can be found on the website of the Entrepreneurship Support Center. Most often, scientific developments are preferred (30% of total amount financing), projects with high social significance (30%), manufacturing and agro-industrial sector (20%), as well as trade (12%). In accordance with the law, grants cannot be received by enterprises producing excisable goods, working with real estate or investments, extracting minerals or carrying out gaming activities.

Of course, the amount of funding depends on the region’s budget. Thus, in Moscow, Samara or Perm, an entrepreneur can count on 500,000 rubles, while in other regions the grant size is limited to 300,000 rubles. It is expected that these funds will be used to cover 30–50% of the total project cost. The businessman will have to find the rest of the money on his own.

To confirm the validity of your claims for a grant, you must use documents to prove that the company belongs to the SME category in terms of the number of jobs and the amount of annual turnover.

In addition, the entrepreneur must:

Provide documentary evidence of the absence of other financial assistance;
Provide a Certificate of Registration, constituent documents, business plan;
Confirm with a bank statement the availability of your own funds;
Request a certificate of positive credit history from the National Bureau.

Preferential lending

Preferential lending is one of the possible solutions for those who cannot count on other ways of financial support from the state for small businesses 2018. As with the allocation of grants, the likelihood of receiving a loan with a minimum interest rate is higher for those who work in areas of priority for the state. These include innovation, production of essential goods, knowledge-intensive industries, and agriculture.

For questions regarding lending, you should contact not only government agencies and funds, but also directly to banks or credit communities: many of them develop own products for entrepreneurs. The targeted spending of money is checked in any case - it could be:

Financing the acquisition of fixed assets, production equipment for the implementation of new projects;
Reimbursement of current costs associated with the project (up to 30% of the loan amount);
Replenishment of working capital.

The loan is provided in the form of a one-time payment, a revolving or non-renewable line in the amount of 50 million to a billion rubles. The duration of the contract can be any, but the preferential program is valid for a maximum of three years. Also, to participate in it, the entrepreneur must invest his own funds in the project in the amount of:

20% for loans in the amount of 500 million rubles;
20% for loans, the repayment of which is expected from the profit received as a result of the launch of the financed project;
Without restrictions - for other investment projects.

Interest rates for using a loan are set for small enterprises at the level of 11–11.8% per annum, for medium-sized ones - from 10% per annum.

Microloans

In some cases, entrepreneurs do not require large-scale financing amounting to tens of millions of rubles to implement projects. An alternative for those wishing to receive from 100,000 to 3,000,000 rubles may be another form of support for small businesses in 2018 - the provision of microloans. To benefit from such assistance, a company must operate in one of the following industries:

Agro-industrial production;
Construction;
Commodity production and processing of products;
Innovation and scientific activities;
Services sector.

The loan is issued for a period from three months to three years at a rate of 10% per annum. The intended purpose of such financing involves:

Replenishment of inventory and working capital;
Renting or purchasing commercial real estate;
Repair of real estate objects;
Renting or purchasing commercial vehicles;
Purchase of machines and technological lines;
Purchase of raw materials and materials;
Refinancing of previously issued loans.

The financial institution may require the entrepreneur to secure the loan with collateral. For amounts up to 300,000 rubles, either movable and immovable property or a surety are used as such. When lending volumes exceed the specified limit, these types of guarantees are used together.

Indirect financial assistance

It is not surprising that entrepreneurs are primarily interested in the question of... However, the state allocates much more funds for the implementation of other types of support: this circumstance makes us think about a more careful study alternative types assistance to SMEs.

Tax holidays

The first two years of operation of a small enterprise can be considered the most difficult - at this stage, the company's expenses significantly exceed its income. Therefore, the state program to support SMEs provides special tax benefits for small businesses in 2018:

For individual entrepreneurs using the simplified tax system - the possibility of reducing the rate from 6% to 1%;
For individual entrepreneurs using PSN - reduction in size potential income from 1,000,000 rubles to 500,000 rubles per year;
For individual entrepreneurs using UTII - the possibility of reducing the rate from 15% to 7.5%.

Beginning entrepreneurs can receive 2018 benefits without restrictions, since the law extends the program until 2020 inclusive. Additionally, the rules for applying tax holidays have been established:

A rate reduction is allowed only for enterprises registered for the first time. Existing individual entrepreneurs cannot receive such a benefit;
To apply a special tax rate, an enterprise must switch to UTII, simplified tax system or PSN no later than two years after registration;
The benefit can be assigned for a period of no more than two years;
Tax holidays in 2018 are provided to entrepreneurs working in the social, industrial or scientific fields. Moreover, the share of the company’s income from these types of activities must exceed 70% of the total profit.

Compensation of interest rates on loans

It is difficult to find any type of business activity that does not require periodic lending. When turning to banks, company owners, in the absence of an alternative, are most often forced to accept not the most profitable offer. At first glance, it seems that it is impossible to correct the situation, however, there is a way out here: the corresponding program of state support for small businesses in Russia 2018 allows to reduce the credit burden to a certain extent.

Of course, repayment of the loan balance remains the main task of the entrepreneur. But partially compensate interest rate You can pay for using a loan at the expense of the state. Assistance is provided in the following volumes:

1/3 of the refinancing rate established for 2018 (7.75%) for contracts with a validity period of less than two years;
1/2 of the refinancing rate for loans issued for a period of 2 to 3 years;
2/3 of the refinancing rate for loans issued for a period of more than three years.

The purpose of lending is also important in this case: funds should be used to purchase fixed assets, purchase equipment, raw materials, expansion and reconstruction of production. The feasibility of providing assistance is assessed based on the data on the social and economic benefits of the project provided in the business plan. TO social criteria relate:

Creation of additional jobs;
Increase wages employees.

No less important are the economic criteria for the effectiveness of the project:

Increased financing for the purchase of fixed assets;
Increasing the scope of work;
Quantitative increase in the volume of goods produced.

Loan guarantee

Banks, in an attempt to improve their financial performance and reduce risks, regularly tighten requirements for SME borrowers. For this reason, the number of company owners who have managed to bypass all bureaucratic obstacles and obtain the desired financing is constantly decreasing.

Meanwhile, entrepreneurs can take advantage in an effective way solution to the problem - the state program to support small businesses 2018 in the field of providing loan guarantees. Its implementation today is carried out by entrepreneurship assistance funds financed from the federal or regional budgets.

Their priority areas are:

Product manufacturing;
Folk crafts;
Scientific developments, innovations;
Construction;
Social business;
Housing and communal services;
Transport services;
Communications and telecommunications;
Domestic tourism.

Businessmen working in these industries are provided with a maximum guarantee, allowing them to receive up to 70% of the required security; Accordingly, the entrepreneur must find the remaining 30% on his own. For non-priority industries, the guarantees are somewhat lower - within 50%. In addition, the service is paid: for its provision the fund charges 0.75–1.25% of the guarantee amount.

In any case, the loan is issued by a bank participating in the state program, so the borrower must first of all meet the requirements of the one chosen for cooperation financial institution. As for guarantee funds, their conditions are somewhat more flexible:

Before applying to the fund, the enterprise must have been operating for at least six months;
The entrepreneur must not have debts on taxes and payments to the Pension Fund;
The applicant must provide collateral in the amount of 30–50% of the loan amount.

Compensation for leasing payments

As an alternative to renting, leasing has become not only a very popular way of obtaining equipment among entrepreneurs, but also a separate effective tool in the list of programs to support small and medium-sized businesses 2018. In essence, company owners are offered a mechanism for partially subsidizing leasing payments: to receive such assistance, an entrepreneur must contact the regional office of the Ministry of Economic Development. Reimbursement of expenses is carried out on a shared basis with some restrictions:

Partial compensation of the first payment under the concluded leasing agreement in the amount of up to 50%. However, the amount of compensation should not exceed 500,000 rubles;
Partial compensation of regular leasing payments in the amount of up to 2/3 of the refinancing rate. The total amount of the subsidy should not exceed 5 million rubles.

Support can be received by business entities that have entered into leasing agreements for production equipment, machine tools, production lines, cargo and light-duty vehicles Vehicle and cars. The subsidy is not provided:

Companies purchasing equipment for trading activities;
Enterprises forced to pay penalties under a contract;
Entrepreneurs who have not demonstrated the proper level of social efficiency and have not created one job for every million rubles of compensation;
Companies operating in the fields of lending and insurance, auditing, depositor financial management, gambling and betting, real estate and trade.

Help for farmers

State support for small businesses in Russia 2018 includes the presence of a separate program to assist entrepreneurs working in the country's priority agro-industrial sector. Beginning farmers are compensated for up to 90% of the total documented amount of expenses for:

Purchase of agricultural land;
House construction and home improvement;
Design of production workshops and warehouses;
Purchase and renovation of production workshops and warehouses;
Construction of access roads to production facilities;
Connecting workshops and warehouses to utility networks;
Purchase of agricultural and cargo equipment, production equipment;
Purchase of planting material;
Purchase of fertilizers and herbicides.

Subsidy may be received farming only once - in the first six months of operation of the enterprise. The maximum amount of financing reaches 1.5 million rubles: the funds transferred in 2018 must be disbursed within 18 months.

Help for entrepreneurs creating family livestock farms looks somewhat different: in this case, the grant amount increases to 3 million rubles, however, the applicant must provide evidence of his own funds in the amount of at least 40% of the total cost of the project. The money must be spent within 24 months for pre-agreed purposes:

Farm design;
Construction and equipment of a farm;
Construction and equipment of workshops for processing products;
Purchase and installation of farm equipment;
Purchase of farm animals.

The State Commission is required to hold a competition among applicants. Farmers' training is assessed according to the following criteria:

Higher education, work experience in the agro-industrial sector or running your own farm for 10 years;
High-quality business plan;
Own funds in the amount of 40% of the declared cost of the project;
Agreements concluded with consumers of products;
Successful entrepreneurial activity for 6 months.

In 2018, there will be changes in the mechanism for issuing grants for farmers. It is expected that the state will transfer money to the enterprise’s account not in one payment, but in stages, as the previous parts are mastered.

Other types of assistance

In addition to direct or indirect financial government support for small businesses, in 2018 other types of assistance are available to entrepreneurs that involve creating more comfortable conditions for doing business.

Renting municipal property

Federal and local authorities often have real estate that is used inefficiently or not used at all. The developers of the SME assistance program considered it advisable to lease such municipal facilities to start-up entrepreneurs on a preferential basis.

Business owners can receive such property support when concluding a lease agreement for a period of more than five years. Basic tariffs are determined based on the opinion of independent appraisers, formed in accordance with the situation on the real estate market. This data is then used to calculate the discounted rate for the first three years of the lease:

During the first year the tariff is 40% of the rent;
During the second year - 60%;
During the third year - 80%;
For the fourth and subsequent years, the entrepreneur pays the full rate.

Video on the topic

Compensation for participation in exhibitions

Even entrepreneurs who have information about existing business support programs are often unaware of this type of assistance. In fact, the subject of the SPM can compensate ex post facto up to half of the total costs associated with exhibition activities, provided that the amount of the subsidy does not exceed 150 thousand rubles per year. The following expenses are subject to reimbursement:

Renting space, installing stands, creating exhibition infrastructure;
Transportation of exhibits to the demonstration site and back;
Organization of negotiations, presentations, printing of promotional materials;
Translation services.

To receive compensation, you must submit to the local Entrepreneurship Support Center an application, an agreement with the exhibition organizers, a copy of the document confirming payment for participation in the event, as well as a certificate of completion of work.

Reimbursement for training expenses

Many newly created enterprises are faced with the problem of insufficient qualifications of employees. The costs of training them at various trainings, seminars and courses at first may turn out to be an unwanted burden on the business. Meanwhile, in this case, there is a cost reimbursement program: you just need to submit to the appropriate authorities evidence of completion of training in the form of paid bills, diplomas or contracts training centers contracts. 50% of costs amounting to no more than 40 thousand rubles per year are subject to subsidization.

Of course, such a relatively small compensation to management large enterprise is unlikely to be considered as a serious motivation. However, it should be remembered that almost all companies are forced to regularly send their lawyers and accountants to various seminars, and therefore partial reimbursement of the cost of training can be considered an incentive bonus for a developing small business.

Some people believe that starting your own business requires a large start-up capital. In some cases this is true. But even without savings you can start doing business. The main thing is that you have an idea and desire. Take advantage of various government programs that allow you to start your own business without any investment. There are many ways to do this: small business assistance program from the employment center , various grants and funds.

Types of assistance from the state

Entrepreneurs think that only troubles can be expected from the state - tax audits, changes in working conditions and various requirements.

You don't have to have it starting capital to start your own business - you can just get help

Few people know that you can get real help from the state, especially if you get into regional and federal small business support programs that are regularly launched throughout the country.

Help from the state may be as follows:

consulting and information (various free courses, seminars, training programs);
organizational (providing an equipped place at a market or fair);
infrastructure (numerous funds supporting start-up entrepreneurs, business incubators and centers);
innovative (if you have some kind of scientific development or an idea, the state can sponsor its implementation);
financial (providing various compensations, preferential loans, grants, subsidies).
permitting (an entrepreneur is allowed to conduct a business in a simplified manner without detailed accounting support, obtaining expensive licenses, etc.).

Most often, novice businessmen focus specifically on financial assistance. But it should be understood thatare limited, and you may simply not get them due to great competition. Therefore you must really prepare interesting idea and draw up the right business plan for it in order to outperform your future colleagues.

Note:Don’t focus only on financial assistance - other types can bring you much more benefits. For example, permitting assistance may completely exempt you from taxes and audits.

Receiving free assistance

Getting a loan from the state is not that difficult, even on preferential terms. The only disadvantage of the loan is that it will have to be repaid (either in small installments every month or at the end of the term). Therefore, you should look for opportunities to receive various grants and other free assistance.

There is no need to give a business grant - the main thing is to fulfill the conditions for receiving it

It will not need to be given back if you fulfill your obligations and spend the money exactly on what you intended (targeted spending of funds). Free assistance is as follows:

Grants. Usually issued from the local or regional budget to beginning or young entrepreneurs. The intended purpose is the implementation of the approved business plan. Usually the amount does not exceed 300 thousand rubles, and the businessman must pay up to 50% of the total amount himself. That is, half of the expenses will be paid by the state, half by you.
Subsidies. They are usually issued to experienced businessmen who want to develop further and provide new jobs. The subsidy is issued for the purchase of assets and equipment: it can reach up to 90% of their value. The maximum subsidy amount is 10 million rubles, but it may vary depending on the region of the Russian Federation.
Grant for the unemployed. It is understood that a person who has lost his job and has unemployed status can immediately receive all insurance compensation and payments for the year from the employment center. In return, he guarantees to ensure self-employment by opening his own business. It is noteworthy that you can receive this payment for each unemployed person hired into an official job. Amount of payments for this moment is 58 thousand rubles.
Repayment of interest on the loan. Typically, the body of the loan received for the purchase of equipment is repaid by the entrepreneur himself, and the state pays half or ¾ of the accrued interest.
Another relevant one assistance to small businesses from the state in 2016 - 2017 - This means receiving a subsidy for participation in the fair. Usually, the entrepreneur is compensated from the budget for ½ or ⅔ of the funds spent on rent or delivery commercial equipment. In some cases, the state simply equips trading places itself and invites entrepreneurs to them. The amount of compensation cannot exceed 300,000 rubles.

Farmers can receive additional assistance: they are given preferential loans for the purchase of seeds, breeding stock, equipment, and infrastructure.

Help from banks

Many banks also offer assistance to budding entrepreneurs. It is much easier to get loans from them than from the state, especially in small towns. The business itself or the entrepreneur's real estate is usually used as collateral for the loan.

You can receive all payments at the employment center for a whole year and open a business

As you know, in developed Western countries the share of small and medium-sized businesses is 80 percent of the total number of enterprises, but in Russia it is only 20. So there is potential. Let's look at what programs exist for small businesses with government support, how easy it is to use them and how effective they are.

Bills

In times of crisis, the state is ready to lend a helping hand to promising projects. In December last year, a state program to support small businesses was adopted at the federal level, regulating the procedure for providing assistance to small businesses.

The state has many ways:

Particular attention is paid to enterprises introducing and developing innovative technologies.

Preferential rental of premises and free participation in exhibitions are provided on a competitive basis. We can only hope that all these benefits are really distributed among the most worthy representatives of small businesses.

What goals does the state pursue by investing in such programs of state support for small businesses? The share of small businesses in such indicators as GDP and tax deductions should increase. And also the desired result will be an increase in employment in such enterprises and the development of the middle class of society.

Grants and subsidies

The main condition for receiving a subsidy is that your business must be registered no more than two years ago.

An entrepreneur also needs:

Six months after the funds are received, the entrepreneur must report on what they were spent on.

Allowed expense items are payment of rent, purchase of fixed assets and equipment.

The remaining unused amount must be returned.

In addition, you need to remember that, in addition to state money, the entrepreneur is obliged to contribute a certain part of the amount from his own pocket. For example, young people under 30 years of age must invest up to 20 percent of the amount provided.

Social projects

Up to one and a half million rubles will be allocated for business projects presented by single mothers, graduates of orphanages, and former prisoners. They also provide assistance for certain types of activities: folk crafts, the creation of children's educational and leisure centers.

For example, the size of the subsidy provided to the unemployed is about 60 thousand rubles. Conditions for receiving: be registered at the employment center, draw up a business plan and, after its approval, register your business. You will also have to report on the expenditure of allocated funds.

Loans

Small businesses can receive loans on a preferential basis. The maximum amount is up to a million rubles at 17 percent, for a period of three years.

Large enterprises receive subsidies to repay loans taken for leasing, purchase of equipment or construction of production facilities.

The maximum loan amount is 15 million rubles.

Guaranty funds specially organized for these purposes become guarantors for such creditors.

Support levels

In addition to the federal one, each region has its own small business development programs. Therefore, it is very important to know what rules apply in your area. For this purpose, special departments for supporting small businesses have been created; they operate in almost all constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It is on the websites of these organizations that you can find up-to-date information about the opportunities provided by the state to small and medium-sized businesses.