"First Printing House" is a modern printing enterprise. It is successfully engaged in both the production of various printed products and the provision of many other services related to printing activities in the city of Ufa. The presence of new equipment and the desire of employees to perform their work only with high quality allow us to produce excellent products.
The most popular service in our printing house is the printing of publications, including many scientific works. But there is one caveat: without the UDC and BBK classification indices, books, monographs, and articles cannot be published, and many authors know this. We are ready to provide such a service as assigning UDC and BBK to your publications.
What is it and why are they needed?
In order for a publication to be published in accordance with the general requirements and rules for the design of printed publications, it must be assigned the classification indices UDC and BBK, consisting of numbers and special characters. This is the main output data (a kind of passport data), which allows you to find a publication in a huge information flow. They can be seen on the back title page in the upper left corner.
The UDC is placed in the first line of coding. The name stands for universal decimal classification. It contains complete information about the printed publication in the form of numbers and special characters. With its help, all literature published in the world is systematized.
BBK is located in the second line. The abbreviation stands for library and bibliographic classification. It is also used to encrypt a book according to the topic with the subsequent ability to systematize it.
The assignment of these classifications is regulated State standards Russia.
Examples of decoding classifiers
For example: a book with UDC 37.018.1+376 contains material about the home education of special individuals. Now let's look at how it was encrypted. Using a special table, experts determine:
- 37 – this code is for all books that relate to public education, education, training, organization of leisure;
- 37.01 – the code says that we are talking about the basics of upbringing, education and training;
- 37.018 – on the main forms of education and training;
- 37.018.1 – on home education;
- +376 – clarifies that about the upbringing, education and training of special groups of people.
In a similar way, work is carried out to assign the LBC, which also looks like a table, where each number and letter has its own thematic meaning.
For example, a book with BBK number 81.432.1-3я73 will contain the following material:
- 81 – book about linguistics;
- 81.432.1 – namely about the English language;
- -3 – topic about lexicology;
- i73 – tutorial intended for higher educational institutions.
As you can see, using classifiers you can determine what the book is about.
Basic rules for receiving
In order to select a classifier for a book, you need to use special tables.
For example, the UDC is generated using a table that is approved by GOST R 7.0.4-2006 “Publications. Imprint. General requirements and design rules." It is divided into many thematic sections and subsections.
According to them, specialists find the necessary code. In addition to the main cipher, there are many other additional signs and symbols that have their own meanings. These are the signs “+”, “/”, “:”, “”, “*”, etc. With their help, the topic that is revealed in the publication is clarified.
Similar tables have been generated for assigning BBK. The copyright for its use is held by 3 Russian libraries. Therefore, any publication to which the LBC is assigned must be agreed upon with the relevant structures.
Where can I buy classifiers?
As you can see, assigning classifiers has its own rules. Have you thought about how to register your work and where you can do it?
We suggest resolving this issue with the help of our specialists. After all, you can buy such a service in our printing house at a very reasonable price.
It's easy to order. Just contact our publishing house, and our staff will assign UDC and BBK to your publication as soon as possible according to the latest tables, which are periodically updated.
If you need to do this urgently, we will try to do everything as quickly as possible. For more detailed advice on this service, you can call 266-10-69.
To publish a work (article, book, dissertation), the author must indicate the thematic section (index) existing classifications, to which this work belongs, and the author's mark.
The classification indices of the publication are the indices UDC, BBK and SRNTI.
UDC – Universal Decimal Classification – information classification system. UDC is widely used all over the world to systematize works of science, literature and art, periodicals, various types documents. Using the UDC, you can understand the type, type of literature without reading it. The UDC index is a mandatory element of the publication’s output information. In accordance with GOST R 7.0.4–2006 “Publications. Imprint" UDC index must be placed in the upper left corner of the title page. Many scientific journals require a UDC index for an article for its publication.
For self-determination UDC indexes, you can use the online classifier (free access), for example: UDC Handbook - http://teacode.com/online/udc/ ;
Universal decimal classification // Scientific journals. Conferences. Monographs: graduate student. – http://www.naukapro.ru/metod.htm.
BBK – Library and Bibliographic Classification – a system of domestic library classification of publications. LBC is intended for organizing library collections, catalogs and card files. GOST R 7.0.4–2006 “Publications. Imprint" requires putting the BBK index on the back of the title page in the upper left corner under the UDC index (in a separate line) and in the layout of the annotated index card. To independently determine the LBC indices, you can use electronic standard BBK– machine-readable copies of all editions of the Average Tables, Abbreviated Tables and Tables for Children and school libraries in current versions (i.e. with all corrections and additions made to the book text). We draw the attention of users to the need to first familiarize themselves with the preface and small rules for working with BBK table standards.
The BBK index will be reflected in the column “see. Also".
GRNTI - State Rubricator of Scientific and Technical Information (formerly called GASNTI Rubricator) is a universal hierarchical classification of fields of knowledge adopted to systematize the entire flow of scientific and technical information. Based on the Rubricator, a system of local (industry, thematic, problem) rubricators in scientific and technical information bodies was built. To independently determine the GRNTI index, go to the website: http://grnti.ru/
To obtain the UDC, BBK and SRNTI indexes of his work, the author can contact the information and bibliographic department of the library:
or leave a request at electronic online reference service of the MPSU Library
The indexing methodology is understood as a set of techniques and rules for the formation of search images of documents (SID) or queries (SID), i.e. techniques and rules for the formation of UDC indexes for concepts reflecting the content of a document or query.
The main objective of the indexing methodology is to ensure uniformity of approaches to creating search images of documents.
Uniformity of indexing allows for fast, complete and sufficiently accurate search for most queries typical for a given fund, and contributes to proper organization funds.
Subject general methodology is the development of techniques and rules for indexing, selection of concepts in AML, arising from the features of the classification scheme as a whole. The specificity of individual thematic sections of tables, reflecting the peculiarities of the distribution of concepts in these areas of knowledge, requires the introduction of special rules and techniques for indexing documents on the subjects of these sections. Consideration of such indexing features, typical of individual sections or subsections of the classification scheme, is the subject of industry methodologies.
Since the ultimate goal of indexing is to improve the efficiency of information retrieval, the main criterion for evaluating indexing is expressed in search efficiency. Indexing is always an attempt to more or less adequately reflect objective reality. Therefore, the measure of discrepancy with objective reality may be a measure of indexing quality. This measure gives an idea only of the capabilities of a given programming language and is usually expressed by the parameters of noise, completeness, accuracy, and relevance of the information system implemented using this programming language.
Let's move on to consider the rules of the general methodology for indexing documents by UDC, which are based primarily on the structure of the classification scheme itself.
Rule one. UDC is a single integrated system, and not a sum of industry, private, local schemes. The entire sum of human knowledge and practice is considered in the UDC as a certain community of interrelated, interdependent concepts, which is divided according to a single principle into classes, sections, subsections, etc., according to the principle of their most frequent application in human practical activity.
From the principle of the integrity of the system, the rule follows: in the UDC there are no “own” or “foreign” sections and subsections. All sections, all parts of the scheme are equal in rights and should be equally used for indexing, regardless of their “proximity” or “distance” from the section relevant for a given fund.
The assignment of a particular concept to a particular subsection of the UDC is conditional, just as any classification scheme is conditional. In practice, this means that it makes no sense to first index all documents selected for your fund in your industry, and then, through a relation sign, attach an index reflecting the main content (main subject) of the document. It should be immediately indexed by the main content of the document. For example, a device for measuring electric current- ammeter - should receive the index 621.317.714 Ammeters in any industry.
Rule two. The principle of UDC integrity entails the multiplicity of localization of concepts in the UDC tables, i.e. repetition of the same concept in different sections depending on the aspect in which this concept is considered. Thus, the concept of “copper” is found in the sections of inorganic chemistry, mineralogy, minerals, mining, metallurgy, etc. In these sections, accordingly, copper is considered as chemical element, as a mineral, from the point of view of its deposit, its extraction, metallurgy, etc.
The multiplicity of localization of concepts is revealed in the alphabetical subject index (ASU) to the UDC tables. As mentioned earlier, in the APU, when a concept appears several times, the aspect of its consideration, sections, etc. are indicated.
The rule follows from the multiplicity of localization: when indexing a document, it is necessary to clearly define the aspect in which the given subject is considered, in order to select an index in the UDC table according to this aspect.
This means that it is not enough to find the index of a given concept in the table; you should immediately find out what branch of knowledge it belongs to, in what aspect this concept is considered.
Rule three. All general qualifiers can never be used as main indexes, while special qualifiers can, in combination with a main table index, be used as main indexes, especially in cases where the concept is not present in the main index tables.
In practice, this means that a document describing the production of television sets, for example, cannot be indexed only by the general point of view qualifier.002 Manufacturing, technology, manufacture, etc. The main index 621.397.4 Television receivers must be used first. Televisions, then the above general point of view qualifier should be attached to it. Only after this the complex index 621.397.4.002 TV production will be correct for this document.
With special qualifiers the situation is different. If, for example, it is necessary to index a work devoted to mathematical problems of reliability technical devices, then the special determinant -192 Reliability from section 62 Technology must be used as the main index, adding to it through the relation sign the main index 5 1 Mathematics. As a result, we obtain a composite index 62-192:51 Mathematical problems of reliability of technical devices, in which the special determinant 62-192 plays the role of an index of the main table.
At the same time, when indexing a document devoted to reliability problems diesel engines, for example, the same special qualifier acts in its main role as a special hyphenated qualifier from section 62 Technique. The index of the document “Diesel Reliability” will be 621.436-192, i.e. again a complex index composed of the main index 621.436 Diesels and a special qualifier 62-192 Reliability. Special qualifiers 62-592 are also used as main ones, since there are no indexes for the concept “Brakes” in the main tables.
Rule four. A number of preferred uses of UDC indices.
"1/"9 (special qualifiers with apostrophe);
01/.09 (special qualifiers with point zero);
1/-9 (special qualifiers with a hyphen);
001/.009; -03; -05 (general qualifiers).
This means that when starting indexing any concept, you should first of all turn to the main tables of UDC 0/9. The indexed concept can be found there either completely, or partially, or not found at all. In the first case, there is no need for further search. In other cases, the search for indices should be continued in the second position of the row, in tables of special determinants with the apostrophe “1/”9. In the second position there are again the same three possibilities: the indexed concept is found either completely, or partially, or not found at all. If found, then no further search is necessary. In other cases, you should continue the search in the third position of the series, in tables of special qualifiers with a dot zero, then in the fourth position, in tables of special qualifiers with a hyphen, for example from section 62. In these four positions, the indexed concept must be found.
However, it should be remembered that this can be either the indexed concept itself or a parent concept that includes it. The necessary detailing of the indexed concept, the main index for which was found in the first four positions of the series, can be achieved through the fifth position of the series, through the general qualifiers of point of view.001/.009 and further through all other types of general qualifiers. Thus, the concept “theory of electrical machines” can be indexed in two ways: 621.313.01 and 621.313.001. The question arises, which indexing option is correct? A number of preferable uses of UDC indexes make it possible to resolve this issue clearly in favor of the first option 621.313.01, since after the index for the main concept was found in the first position, i.e. in the main tables electric cars" 621.313, in the third position they found the missing detail of the indexed concept "theory" in electrical engineering 621.3.01, which could be reflected using the general qualifier of the point of view.001 Theory. But the third position should be given preference over the fifth.
Rule five. The presence in UDC tables of various indices for similar concepts often complicates the work of the systematizer and is a source of ambiguous indexing of the same document different people. Indeed, if you look at the tables for examples, it is easy to see that most machine parts have two or more indices; the same applies to some technological processes etc., for example,
- 621.822 Bearings - main index
- 62-233.2 Bearings - special. determinant
- 62-233.27 Ball bearings - special. determinant
- 621.822.7 Ball bearings - main index
- 62-72 Lubricating devices - special. determinant
- 621.896 Lubrication devices - main index
UDC tables are divided into main and auxiliary. This division is based on differences in the semantic role of concepts. Since the UDC, like any library and bibliographic classification, is a tool for increasing search efficiency through targeted systematization of documents within a specific collection, the use of different indices for the same concept is a reflection of the different semantic roles of the same concepts.
In the above cases, it is also a matter of reflecting various concepts that have only a similar verbal formulation.
Thus, the concept of “bearings”, which is the main subject of content in the indexed document, which describes the features, for example, of the production of bearings, is the main one and should be reflected by the main index UDC 621.822. In another case, when describing, for example, performance characteristics bearing, which is a part of a screw press, the indexed concept “bearing” is a recurring feature for technical devices and machines. In this sense, it is an auxiliary, informationally ambiguous (non-informative) concept, which must be reflected by a special qualifier 62-233. 2. It will receive informational unambiguity (information content) only as a result of combination with the main, informationally unambiguous concept (in our example, “screw press”), which is reflected as a combination of the main index 621.979.15 Screw presses and a special qualifier 62-233.2 Bearings in the index 621.979 .15-233.2 Bearings for screw presses.
This reflection of the indexed concept allows you to concentrate documents about the machine and its parts in one place in the catalog (file cabinet) and separate these documents from those that address the problems of the part itself, regardless of the specific machine or device where it is used. Such a division is not only legitimate, but also necessary. Specialists in screw presses As a rule, they are only interested in the issue of using bearings in these presses, while specialists, for example, at a bearing factory, consider bearings as production objects.
Rule five can be formulated as follows:
In the event that a concept in the UDC is represented by both an index and a qualifier, the main informative concepts of the subspecific, species, generic, supergeneric and higher levels (for example, polar bear, bears, canines, mammals, animals) are indexed primarily by main indices or special qualifiers used as main indices. Auxiliary, repeating concepts, usually reflecting a part, detail, block, component, organ, one of the characteristics, etc., are indexed primarily by qualifiers that are attached to the index of the main concept.
Rule six . Formation of complex indexes.
A complex index is understood as an index formed by combining a main index with a general or special determinant, as well as indices formed using an apostrophe and a slash.
The order of adding determinants, in other words, the order of elements of a complex index corresponds to the semantic relationships between the concepts of the main content of the document and therefore cannot be strictly regulated by indexing rules. The main criterion for the correctness of the elements of a complex index is the correspondence of the meaning of the index to the meaning of the content of the document, subject to the general rules of indexing according to the UDC.
Experience shows that in most cases it is possible to adhere to the following sequence of attaching qualifiers to the main index or a special qualifier used as the main index: "1"9; .01/.09; -1/-9; .00...; -03 or -05; (0...); (...); ". . ."; =...; (=...). That is, in the first place after the signs of the main index, a special qualifier with an apostrophe is placed, then with a dot zero.01/.09 (if alphanumeric detailing of the main index in a given fund is not used), then a special qualifier with a hyphen -1/- 9.
Of the general determinants, those closest to the main index are the general determinants of point of view.00..., then - the determinants of form (0...), place (...), time "...", language =... Ethnic qualifiers (=...) close the sequence, for example, 621.313.2.047.5-182.8.001.24(088.83)(493)"1972"=40 Belgian patent 1972 on the method of calculating replaceable brush holders for electric machines direct current, Where
- 621.313.2 Direct current electrical machines
- 621.3 .047.5 Brush holders (special identifier with a dot
62-182.8 removable, replaceable, interchangeable (special
qualifier with a hyphen)
001.24 Calculation (general point of view qualifier)
- (088.83) Patent (general form determinant)
- (493) Belgium (general place identifier)
"1972" 1972 (general time identifier)
40 French(general language identifier)
The given example should be understood only as an illustration of the recommended sequence of joining elements of a complex index, but not as an example of indexing patents by UDC. It is easy to see that the recommended sequence is mainly based on a number of preferable uses of UDC indices (rule four) and on the recommended sequence of detailing concepts using UDC.
However, it should be emphasized that if the content of the document requires it, the recommended sequence of joining elements of a complex index may be violated. For example, the topic of the document “Reliability of miniature radios” is indicated by the index 621.396.62-181.4.019.3, where
- 621.396.62 Radio receivers, radio receivers
- 62-181.4 Miniature
- 621.3.019.3 Reliability
; If the determinants are swapped, then the resulting index will not correspond to the meaning of the document, because it will mean “miniature reliability of radio receivers.”
Deviation from the general rules is possible if it is necessary to separate certain types of documents from the general fund - such as directories, patents, standards, etc. in order to create specialized file cabinets. It's about, thus, about the selection from the general flow of documents entering this fund individual species and on the creation of specialized card files (funds) of these types, which is necessary to provide answers to the bulk of requests in the conditions of this particular enterprise or organization.
In these cases, general qualifiers that characterize the type of document, nationality, language, etc., are placed in first place. Examples:
- (03)621.313 Card file of reference publications (by
- (03)621.315.5/.61 various questions)
- (03)621.317.7
- (03)691
- (083.74/.75)62 1.313 Card file of normative and technical
- (083.74/.75)621.315.5/.61 documentation (GOST, OST,
- (083.74/.75)621.317.7 normals, etc.)
- (083.74/.75)691
- (085)621.313 Card file of branded materials
- (085)621.315.5/.61
- (085)621.317.7
- (085)691
- (088.83)621.313 Patent file (for various
- (088.83)621.315.5/.61 questions)
- (088.83)621.317.7
- (088.83)691
Obviously, if place qualifiers come first, then the card indexes (fund) can be organized by country. If you put other determinants in first place, then you can get a different organization of file cabinets (funds) each time, the most convenient for the conditions and requests in a given organization (enterprise). Even more ample opportunities open when using several determinants and variations of their places in the complex UDC index, for example,
- (088.83)621.313(44) Patents for electric machines France
- (088.83)621.313(450) Patents for electrical machines in Italy
- (088.83)621.313(73) US Electrical Machinery Patents
This organization of patent materials is convenient for obtaining patent reviews various countries for a specific product, product, etc., especially if abstract express reviews are required, which are widely used in systems of direct management service, selective service, etc. The same form of organizing patent files (funds) is convenient for searching when checking for a patent cleanliness
Another example:
- (08 8.83)(44)621.313 French patents for electrical machines
- (088.83)(44)621.313.2 French Patents for DC Electrical Machines
- (088.83)(44)621.314.21/.23 French patents for transformers
- (088.83)(44)621.3 15.2/.3 French patents for wires and cables
- (088.83)(44)778.148 French patents for microphotocopy reading apparatus
- (088.83)(450)621.313 Italian Patents for Electrical Machines
- (088.83)(450)621.313.2 Italian Patents for DC Electrical Machines
- (088.83)(450)621.314.21/.23 Italian patents for transformers
- (088.83)(450)621.315.2/.3 Italian patents for wires and cables
- (088.83)(450)778.148 Italian patents for microphotocopy reading devices
In addition, such an organization of patent funds is convenient for comparing the level of patent activity in different countries, identifying trends and thematic areas of patenting in them. Thus, based on the results of the analysis of requests served by this fund, this file cabinet can change the place of the identifier in the complex index for organizing the fund in a special context.
Intercolation of general determinants is also possible in the UDC, i.e., inclusion of general determinants in the main index, if this is required by the rational construction of the fund. So, if any organization constantly has a large number of queries on organizing the production of ballistic missiles in the United States, then the complex index, which is customary in construction, does not make it possible to collect together all the materials specifically on the United States. Intercolation of the US common place qualifier (73) allows this to be done, e.g.
658(73).153.001.24:629.762.2 Calculation of working capital
production enterprises
ballistic missiles in the USA
658(73).26:629.762.2 Power supply of enterprises by
production of ballistic missiles in the USA
658(73).284:629.762.2 Communication and signaling facilities on
production enterprises
ballistic missiles in the USA
658(73).52.011.56:629.762.2 Automation of production at
production enterprises
ballistic missiles in the USA
658(73).7:629.762.2 Logistics
production enterprises
ballistic missiles in the USA, etc.
It is advisable to use the intercolation method in specialized card indexes on a narrow topic in cases where the organization of the material should allow for the rapid issuance of all documents available in the fund on a given narrow subject. thematic area(to request). At the same time, setting queries allows us to highlight one feature that mainly limits the selection of materials into a specialized card index. The country (in our example, the USA) is reflected in the UDC as a common qualifier. Intercolation of special qualifiers is not used.
Complex indices formed using the spread sign / (slash) can be obtained by the systematizer only when the sequence of indexed concepts coincides with the sequence of the same concepts in the UDC tables. A complex index formed using the spread sign / (slash) is irreversible, e.g.
621.37 /.39 Radio electronics,
where 621.37 Radio engineering, electromagnetic oscillation technology
- 621.38 Electronics. Photo electronics. Electronic tubes, tubes. X-ray technology
- 621.39 Telecommunications. Telecommunications Engineering
Complex indexes using slashes are broader in meaning than their original components. In principle, the / sign can be replaced with a + sign, for example, the index 621.37+621.38+621.39 can be replaced with the index 621.37/.39.
The use of determinants with an apostrophe for the formation of complex indices is limited to strictly defined subsections of the UDC tables and is specified in methodological guidelines to each of them. The technical role of the sign "(apostrophe) is often to replace the repeating part of the attached index with it. Complex indexes formed using these determinants are irreversible even in the value of the original components. The rules for creating complex indexes using determinants with an apostrophe are specific to each of the subsections of the tables, where their use is permitted. They are set out in sufficient detail for practice in auxiliary table II and in the relevant sections of the UDC. Using these determinants, one can designate concepts “synthesized” by attaching designations of components, properties and other characteristics, for example,
- 546.763 "32"226 Chromium-potassium alum
- 629.735.33.022 "412 Airplanes with a double fuselage, with a double body
- 669.35 "24"28 Copper-nickel-molybdenum alloy
- 681.327.45 "17 Punch card controllers
Thus, the wide possibilities for creating complex UDC indexes make it possible to disclose documentary funds in accordance with the requirements of information consumers, but the implementation of these opportunities depends entirely on the experience, knowledge and initiative of employees of NTI bodies and libraries and is based primarily on a systematic analysis of queries.
Rule seven. Formation of composite UDC indices.
Composite indices in UDC are indices formed from two or more simple or complex indices using relation signs: and::. Since composite indexes are mainly created by systematizers themselves, this is where the greatest variability in indexing is observed in practice.
P. Otlet, when introducing the relation sign into the UDC, formulated a general rule for the formation of composite indexes: in the first place of the composite index is placed an index reflecting the main subject of the document. Components (indices) attached using a colon only clarify and detail the main concept reflected in the first index. The composite index must be able to further develop (detail) the indexed topic (subject) due to the detail of the second index. From this general rule A number of practical conclusions emerge.
The value of a composite index is always narrower than the value of its individual components, for example,
- 621.794.62:669.1 Phosphating of ferrous metals
- 624.21:624.19 Tunnel bridges
- 624.21:625.1 Railway bridges
An index attached with a relation sign clarifies and details the meaning of the concept reflected by the first index,
For example,
- 621.317.715:621.385 Tube galvanometers
- 621.317.725:621.385 Lamp voltmeters
- 621.74:669.2/.8 Casting of non-ferrous metals
- 621.873.3:629.35 Truck cranes
The properties of materials, products and their tests are indicated by attaching indices of the corresponding properties with a sign of relation to the index of the given material, product, machine, device, etc., for example,
- 669.295.017:539.4 Strength of titanium
- 621.822.5:539.538 Wear resistance of plain bearings
- 621.67:539.433 Vibration resistance of centrifugal pumps
- 678.01:536.2 Thermal conductivity of high-molecular substances
- 621.436.4.001 .4:620.178.53 Testing of pre-chamber diesel engines for vibration resistance
- 669.295.017:620.178.37 Titanium fatigue test at low temperatures
- 624.012.35.001 .4:620.179.16 Ultrasonic flaw detection of finished reinforced concrete building structures;
Issues of technology (production, fabrication, receipt, assembly, processing, etc.) of specific materials, machines, devices, etc. are reflected by technology indices, to which the indices of materials, machines, devices, etc. are added with a relation sign. , For example,
- 621.785:669.136 Heat treatment cast iron
- 621.923.5:621.833 Honing of gears
- 621.793.6:669.268:669.36 Diffusion chromium plating of copper
If the document addresses issues of technology and technological equipment, in a composite index, the index denoting technology is placed in first place, and the index of technological equipment is added to it after the relation sign, for example,
621.923.014.5 -185.4: High-speed grinding with diamond stones
Concepts that are formally absent from the UDC tables can be denoted by composite indices. The index of the most essential concept is added to the index of the main, basic concept using a relation sign. distinctive feature this concept. This is possible in cases where the indexed concept in its essence is in one way or another a modification, one of the types, the result of a transformation or interaction of concepts already reflected in the UDC tables.
First of all, this applies, for example, to the concepts of new materials. The UDC does not contain indices for construction, electrical and radio engineering sound-absorbing materials. Guided by the fact that the main feature of such materials is that they exhibit a sound absorption effect to a greater extent than is typical for other construction, electrical and radio engineering materials, we can propose composite indices:
621.315.5 /.61:534.286.2 Electrical and radio sound-absorbing materials
It is obvious that, by analogy with the examples given, it is possible to create composite indices for materials with a wide variety of properties. The prospects of such a classification solution are also clear. Any new material has properties, the manifestations of which as corresponding physical or chemical phenomena have already been established in science at one time.
The creation of new materials and theoretical studies of physical and chemical phenomena and properties makes possible their widespread use in the national economy. Therefore, in the vast majority of cases, based on knowledge of the special properties of a new material and the main area of its application, it is possible to obtain a composite index for it using the corresponding divisions of the subsections of physics or chemistry of the UDC tables. In a similar way, it is possible to form indices for some new directions in science and technology, for example,
- 621.35:621.38 Chemotronics
- 621.35:621.382.2 Electrochemical diodes
- 681.327.5 "12:535 Optical reading, optical reading devices from media with signs printed on the surface (papers, photographic films, etc.)
Composite indices for new directions in science and technology should always be considered as a temporary solution. With the further development of a new direction, if a sufficiently extensive literature on this issue, it usually gets its own main index over time.
A composite index can be invested, or is said to be invertible. This means that the elements of a composite index can be swapped. This property, depending on the task and purpose of a particular fund, makes it possible to collect documents in the desired section. Thus, documents on the topic “Foundries” can be indexed in two ways: either 621.74:658.2, or 658.2:621.74.
Double-colon indexes:: are a rigid, irreversible construct. As stated earlier, the sign:: is used only in cases where the inversion of the components of a composite index in a particular fund is undesirable or significantly changes its meaning.
The abbreviation to which we want to devote this material denotes a rather convenient universal classifier. In addition, it has other meanings, which we also hasten to introduce you to. Let's figure out what it is - UDC. Let's start with deciphering the abbreviation.
UDC - what is it?
The letter combination, depending on the context, can mean the following:
- universal decimal classification;
- universal landing ships;
- devices for compressors used on submarines.
Now let's move on to the most popular value of interest to us.
Decimal Universal Classification
What is this - UDC? One of the information classification structures that is quite widely used in the world community for systematizing scientific works, art, literature, periodicals, various kinds of documentation, as well as organizing card files.
The central part of the UDC are tables that cover the entire system of human knowledge in a hierarchical order. The transition from general to more specific using decimal codes is widely used.
What is the UDC index? This numeric code, assigned to a specific topic, section, subsection, work.
History of the creation of UDC tables
Having figured out what it is - UDC, let's talk a little about its history. It was created in 1895. The authors were bibliographers A. Lafontaine and P. Otlet. They are the founders of the International Bibliographic Institute. The UDC was first published in 1897.
It was based on another classification - the Dewey Decimal. Its creator, M. Dewey, developed his brainchild in 1876 specifically for the United States. It must be said that his principle of the decimal classification of concepts and knowledge was also used in the a priori language project, authored by J. Delormel, a French lawyer and philologist. This project was presented in 1894 before the French National Convention.
As for M. Dewey, he completely disinterestedly granted the rights to his invention to the future creators of the UDC: they could use and modify the system in any way they wanted in order to create the most complete catalog of all knowledge ever published. The work was carried out for many years, so that the premiere edition was published in 1905 full tables UDC in French.
Today, the Universal Decimal Classification is the property of the international UDC Consortium, which unites the main creators of tables on different languages. It should be noted that VINITI (All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information) has the exclusive authority to dispose of classifier lists in Russian. It is he who publishes and distributes book and electronic versions of UDC tables in the Russian Federation for a fee.
VINITI today has a special official consulting website, where specialists help all those who apply to use the classifier correctly in the form of a dialogue. Therefore, if you are interested in how to get the UDC index, you need to turn to this resource.
Classifier structure
All tables of the decimal universal classifier necessarily consist of the following sections:
- Explanation of the structure, principle, properties of the UDC.
- Guidelines to help you use the tables.
- A number of APU - alphabetical subject indexes to the main sections.
- Actually, auxiliary tables of the classifier.
- APU compiled for auxiliary UDC tables.
Basic tables
Let's get acquainted with the fundamental sections of the UDC:
- General (0). Knowledge and science. Documentation. Information Technology. Institutions. Organization. Publications, etc.
- Psychology and philosophy (1). Metaphysics. Main questions of philosophy. Ethics. Psychology. Morality. Philosophical concepts, etc.
- Theology and religion (2). Prehistoric beliefs. Christianity. Buddhism. Islam. Modern religions and so on.
- Social Sciences (3). Sociology. Economy. State. Insurance. Warfare. Trade. Folklore. Education, etc.
- Free section left for future use (4).
- Science and Mathematics (5). Zoology. Chemistry. Physics. Planet Earth Sciences. Astrology. Biological Sciences. Botany and so on.
- Applied Science, Technology and Medicine (6). Household. Biotechnology. Engineering. Construction. Agriculture. Industry and crafts. Housekeeping. Chemical industry and so on.
- Arts, sports, spectacle and entertainment (7). Architecture. Music. Photo. Painting. Layout. Plastic art. Graphic arts. Drawing. Games etc.
- Language, literature, linguistics and linguistics (8). Rhetoric. Prosody. Versification. Foreign languages. Literary studies, etc.
- Geography, biographies, history (9). General history. Archeology. Heraldry. Geography. Flags. Nobility, etc.
Search examples
Determine by UDC classifier the arrangement of a particular topic or individual work is simple.
For example, the nobility. Refers to section No. 9 (biography, history). Let's go to section 92. There is only one subsection - "Biographical studies and the like." In topic 929.7, among the titles of nobility and nobility, we will find the desired nobility.
Now you are familiar with the UDC and its main tables. And also other meanings of the abbreviation, except for the universal decimal classifier.
In many Russian scientific and technical publishing houses and editorial offices of journals, as well as when depositing manuscripts, authors are required to indicate the UDC. Believed to be universal decimal system (Universal Decimal Classification) allows you to provide efficient search information in the field of science, literature and art. Although, in fact, many articles are much more effective in keywords and annotations.
The UDC uses the decimal principle: each classifier is divided into ten (or less) subsections, which are designated by Arabic numerals. These codes are developed by the international UDC Consortium www.forum.udcc.ru, and they are regularly published by the All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI) www2.viniti.ru/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=62
You can see a sample of a universal decimal classifier on the website http://teacode.com/online/udc/(to view the entire section, you need to click on the numbers with the code). You can also choose any other free web directory, for example www.udk-codes.net/. And if you find a publication with code similar to the topic, then you can look at the decoding of the UDK formulas at this link http://scs.viniti.ru/udc/
So, select the desired section that matches the topic and specifics of your article. Then enter the numbers in the upper left corner of the first page (the back of the title page) of the text of the publication, as required by GOST 7.4-95 “System of standards for information, library and publishing. Editions. Imprint". And it's all…