The Pacific Ocean is the largest body of water in the world. It stretches from the very north of the planet to its south, reaching the shores of Antarctica. It reaches its greatest width at the equator, in the tropical and subtropical zones. Because the climate Pacific Ocean is more defined as warm, because most of it falls in the tropics. This ocean has both warm and cold currents. This depends on which continent the bay is adjacent to in a particular place and what atmospheric flows are formed above it.
Atmospheric circulation
In many ways, the climate of the Pacific Ocean depends on the atmospheric pressure that forms above it. In this section, geographers identify five main areas. Among them there are zones of both high and low pressure. In the subtropics in both hemispheres of the planet, two regions form above the ocean high pressure. They are called the North Pacific or Hawaiian High and the South Pacific High. The closer to the equator, the lower the pressure becomes. We also note that in the western hemisphere the atmospheric dynamics are lower than in the eastern hemisphere. In the north and south of the ocean, dynamic lows are formed - the Aleutian and Antarctic, respectively. Northern exists only in winter time year, and the southern one in its atmospheric characteristics is stable all year round.
Winds
Factors such as trade winds largely influence the climate of the Pacific Ocean. Briefly speaking, such wind currents are formed in the tropics and subtropics in both hemispheres. A system of trade winds has been established there for centuries, which determine warm currents and stable hot air temperatures. They are separated by a strip of equatorial calm. This area is mostly calm, but there are occasional light winds. In the northwestern part of the ocean, the most frequent guests are the monsoons. In winter, the wind blows from the Asian continent, bringing with it cold and dry air. In summer, the oceanic wind blows, which increases the humidity and temperature of the air. The temperate climate zone, as well as the entire southern hemisphere, starting with the subtropical climate, is subject to strong winds. The climate of the Pacific Ocean in these areas is characterized by typhoons, hurricanes, and gusty winds. 
Air temperature
In order to clearly understand what temperatures the Pacific Ocean is characterized by, the map will come to our aid. We see that this body of water is located in all climatic zones, starting from the northern, icy, passing through the equator and ending with the southern, also icy. Above the surface of the entire reservoir, the climate is subject to latitudinal zonality and winds, which bring hot or cold temperatures to certain regions. In equatorial latitudes, the thermometer shows from 20 to 28 degrees in August, approximately the same figures are observed in February. In temperate latitudes, February temperatures reach -25 Celsius, and in August the thermometer rises to +20. 
Characteristics of currents, their influence on temperature
The peculiarities of the climate of the Pacific Ocean are that in the same latitudes at the same time different weather can be observed. This is how everything works out because the ocean consists of various currents that bring warm or cold cyclones here from the continents. So, first, let's look at the Northern Hemisphere. In the tropical zone, the western part of the reservoir is always warmer than the eastern. This is due to the fact that in the west the waters are warmed by trade winds and the Kuroshio and East Australian currents. In the east, the waters are cooled by the Peruvian and California currents. In the temperate climate zone, on the contrary, the east is warmer than the west. Here the western part is cooled by the Kuril Current, and the eastern part is heated by the Alaskan Current. If we consider the Southern Hemisphere, we will not find a significant difference between the West and the East. Here everything happens naturally, since trade winds and high latitude winds distribute the temperature over the surface of the water equally. 
Clouds and pressure
Also, the climate of the Pacific Ocean depends on the atmospheric phenomena that form over one or another area. Lifting air flow observed in low pressure areas, as well as in coastal areas where there is mountainous terrain. The closer to the equator, the fewer clouds gather over the waters. In temperate latitudes they are contained in 80-70 percent, in the subtropics - 60-70%, in the tropics - 40-50%, and at the equator only 10 percent.
Precipitation
Now let's look at what weather conceals the Pacific Ocean. A map of climate zones shows that the highest humidity here occurs in the tropical and subtropical zones, which are located north of the equator. Here the amount of precipitation is equal to 3000 mm. In temperate latitudes this figure is reduced to 1000-2000 mm. We also note that in the West the climate is always drier than in the East. The driest region of the ocean is considered to be the coastal zone near the California Peninsula and off the coast of Peru. Here, due to problems with condensation, the amount of precipitation is reduced to 300-200 mm. In some areas it is extremely low and is only 30 mm. 
Climate of the Pacific seas
IN classic version It is generally accepted that this water reservoir has three seas - the Japanese, Bering and Okhotsk. These bodies of water are separated from the main reservoir by islands or peninsulas, they are adjacent to continents and belong to countries, in this case Russia. Their climate is determined by the interaction of ocean and land. On average, the temperature above the water surface in February is about 15-20 below zero, in the coastal zone - 4 below zero. The Sea of Japan is the warmest, so the temperature there remains within +5 degrees. The harshest winters occur in the north of the Sea of Okhotsk. Here the thermometer can show below -30 degrees. In summer, the seas heat up to an average of 16-20 above zero. Naturally, Okhotsk in this case will be cold - +13-16, and Japanese can heat up to +30 or more.
Conclusion
The Pacific Ocean, which is essentially the largest geographical feature on the planet, is characterized by a very diverse climate. Regardless of the time of year, a certain atmospheric influence is formed over its waters, which generates low or high temperatures, strong winds or complete calms.
PLEASE HELP URGENTLY(((1.Climatic zones: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean. 2.Circles current: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean. 3. Organic world: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean.
PLEASE HELP URGENTLY (((1. Climatic zones: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean. 2. CirclesCurrent: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean. 3. Organic world: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean.
1) In the temperate climate zone lies:a) Central part South America;
B) Southern and Central parts; c) narrowed South part mainland.
2) the length of the Amazon River is: a) 5971 km; 6) 6437 km; c) 6537 km.
3) In the Amazonian lowland there is a unique in its size and degree
moisturizing natural complex Amazonia. Which of the above reasons does not affect
its formation:
A) flatness of the territory;
B) penetration of trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean into the interior of the continent
B) position in equatorial latitudes;
D) the cold Peruvian Current along the Pacific coast.
4) The South American coast was mapped in the 16th-11th centuries.
mainly thanks to swimming:
A) English; b) Spaniards; c) Portuguese.
5) The relief of South America is dominated by plains, but unlike Africa here:
A) lowlands prevail; b) hills and plateaus predominate;
C) lowlands and plateaus occupy approximately equal areas
6) The most important distinctive feature geographical location South America
from Africa and Australia is that the South American continent:
A) crosses the equator;
B) is washed by the waters of two oceans - the Pacific and the Atlantic;
7) The Guiana Plateau is formed mainly by:
A) sedimentary cover of the ancient platform;
B) protrusions of the ancient crystalline foundation of the platform
C) an area of new folding.
8) The Andes stretch: a) along east coast; b) along the western
coast; c) from west to east of South America.
9) The largest alpine lake in the Andes:
A) Cotopaxi; b) Titicaca; c) Chimborazo.
10) Moist equatorial forests in S.A. are called: a) hylea; b) jungle; V)
Selva.
11) Descendants from marriages of Indians with blacks are: a) sambo; b) mulattoes; c) mestizos.
12) South America is located on the territory of several climatic zones.
Large area on the mainland it occupies: a) equatorial;
B) subequatorial; c) tropical climate zone.
13) The Amazon forests are the center of snakes. A giant water boa constrictor lives here:
A) anaconda; b) mamba; c) viper.
14. The main sources of moisture in the Atacama Desert are:
A) precipitation; b) fogs; c) groundwater.
15) Tropical deserts occupy a smaller area in South America than in Africa
or Australia. This is explained by:
A) a significant part of the continent is occupied by humid equatorial forests;
B) South America has a smaller extent from west to east in the tropical
belt;
C) South America has a large extent from north to south.
Features of the Pacific 11-11 The Pacific Ocean washes the eastern shores of the continents: __
2 The Pacific Ocean washes western shores continents: __
3 The Pacific Ocean is located in the hemispheres: __
4 In terms of area, this ocean is the largest on Earth. It makes up approximately _____% of the area of the world's oceans
5 The greatest depth of the ocean and the deepest point of the Earth is in the ______ trench and is ____ m
6 Deep sea trenches surround the Pacific Ocean and together with active volcanoes and earthquake areas form a zone called _______
7 Powerful sea currents along the equator from east to west are formed due to winds ______
8 In what climatic zones is the Pacific Ocean located? __
9 Name the cold currents of the Pacific Ocean __
10 In which part of the ocean are coral structures most common?
Name 3 port cities along the shores of the Pacific Ocean _____
2) Water temperature in the surface layer: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic Ocean.
3) Straits that connect with other oceans: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean.
4)Maximum depth: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic Ocean.
5) In what climatic zones are they located: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic Ocean.
6) Position relative to the equator and prime meridian: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic Ocean.
Climatic zones of the Pacific Ocean. What are the climate zones of the Pacific Ocean?
- Northern subpolar (subarctic) belt, Northern temperate zone, Northern subtropical belt, Northern tropical belt, Equatorial belt, Southern tropical belt, Southern subtropical belt, Southern temperate zone, ,
- Subarctic, 2 temperate (on both sides of the Equator), 2 subtropical (on both sides of the Equator), 2 subequatorial (on both sides of the Equator), equatorial, subantarctic and antarctic (or, if we highlight the Southern Ocean washing Antarctica, then to moderate south of the Equator).
- The western and eastern parts of the Pacific Ocean differ significantly from each other and from the central regions of the ocean. As a result, physiographic regions are usually distinguished within the belts. In each specific area natural conditions and the processes are determined by the position in relation to the continents and islands, the depth of the ocean, the peculiarity of the circulation of air and water, etc. In the western part of the Pacific Ocean, marginal and interisland seas are usually isolated as physical-geographical regions, and in the eastern zone there is intense upwelling.
Northern subpolar (subarctic) belt
Unlike the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific part of the belt is quite isolated from the influence of the Arctic Ocean. The belt occupies most of the Bering and Okhotsk seas.
In autumn and winter, the surface layer of water cools to the freezing point, and large masses ice. Cooling is accompanied by salinization of water. In summer sea ice gradually disappear, the temperature of the thin upper layer rises to 3-5C, in the south up to 10C. Below is saved cold water, forming an intermediate layer formed as a result of winter cooling. Thermohaline convection, summer warming and desalination of water (30-33% o) as a result of melting ice, the interaction of jets of warm currents (Aleutian) with cold subpolar waters determine the relatively high content of nutrients in surface waters and high bioproductivity of the subarctic zone. Nutrients are not lost at great depths, since there are extensive shelves within the water area. Two regions are distinguished in the subarctic zone: Bering and Sea of Okhotsk, rich in valuable commercial fish, invertebrates and marine animals.
Northern temperate zone
In the west of the belt, the warm Kuroshio Current and the cold Kuril Current (Oyashio) interact. From the resulting flows with mixed water, the North Pacific Current is formed, which occupies a significant part of the water area and transports huge masses of water and heat from west to east under the influence of the prevailing westerly winds. Water temperatures fluctuate greatly throughout the year in the temperate zone. In winter, off the coast, it can drop to 0C, in summer it rises to 1520C (in the Yellow Sea up to 28C). Ice forms only in limited inland areas of shallow seas (for example, in the northern part of the Sea of Japan). In winter, vertical thermal convection of water develops with the participation of intense wind mixing: cyclonic activity is active in temperate latitudes. The high content of oxygen and nutrients in water ensures relatively high bioproductivity, and its value in the northern part of the belt (subpolar waters) is higher than in the southern part (subtropical waters). The water salinity in the northern half of the water area is 33%o, in the southern half it is close to the average 35%o. The western part of the belt is characterized by monsoon circulation, sometimes typhoons come here. Within the belt, the areas of the Japanese and Yellow Seas and the Gulf of Alaska are distinguished.
Northern subtropical zone
Due to the prevailing subsidence of air and its stable stratification within the belt, there are usually clear skies, little precipitation and relatively dry air. There are no prevailing air currents here, the winds are weak and changeable, and calms are typical. Evaporation is very high due to dry air and high - In the Pacific Ocean, all climatic zones are distinguished with the exception of the North Polar (Arctic).
Northern temperate zone
In the Pacific Ocean it covers vast areas from Asia to North America and takes intermediate position between the main areas of formation of cold subarctic and warm subtropical and tropical waters.Northern subtropical zone
It is located between the zone of westerly winds of temperate latitudes and trade winds of equatorial-tropical latitudes. middle part The water area is surrounded by a northern subtropical ring of currents.Northern tropical zone
Equatorial belt
Southern tropical zone
Southern subtropical zone
South temperate zone
Southern subpolar (subantarctic) belt
South polar (Antarctic) belt
- In the Pacific Ocean, all climatic zones are distinguished with the exception of the North Polar (Arctic).
Northern subpolar (subarctic) belt- Belt occupies most of the Bering and Okhotsk seas.Northern temperate zone
In the Pacific Ocean, it covers vast areas from Asia to North America and occupies an intermediate position between the main areas of formation of cold subarctic and warm subtropical and tropical waters.Northern subtropical zone
It is located between the zone of westerly winds of temperate latitudes and trade winds of equatorial-tropical latitudes. The middle part of the water area is surrounded by a northern subtropical ring of currents.Northern tropical zone
This belt stretches from the coast of Indochina to the coast of Mexico and Central America. Steady trade winds of the Northern Hemisphere dominate here.Equatorial belt
This belt in the Pacific Ocean is widely represented. This is the zone of convergence of the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres with a calm zone where weak easterly winds are observed. Intense thermal convection of air develops here, and heavy rainfall occurs throughout the year.Southern tropical zone
It occupies a vast expanse of water between Australia and Peru. This is the trade wind zone of the Southern Hemisphere.Southern subtropical zone
This belt extends from southeastern Australia and Tasmania to the coast of South America between 20 and 35 south. w.South temperate zone
It includes the large northern part of the circumpolar Western Winds Current. Its southern border runs along the edge of the distribution of sea ice in September in the region of 61-63 south. w.Southern subpolar (subantarctic) belt
The boundaries of this belt in the Pacific Ocean, compared to other oceans, are shifted to the south (at 63-75 S latitude). The water area is especially wide in the area of the Ross Sea, which penetrates deep into the Antarctic continent. In winter, the waters are covered with ice.South polar (Antarctic) belt
Within the Pacific Ocean it is quite extensive. In the Ross Sea, ocean waters extend far beyond the Antarctic Circle, almost to 80 south. sh., and taking into account ice shelves even further. East of McMurdo Sound, the cliff of the Ross Ice Shelf (Great Ice Barrier) stretches for hundreds of kilometers.
Page 6 of 13
Climatic zones of the Pacific Ocean. Classification.
Ocean zoning is the main pattern of distribution of all properties in the waters of the World Ocean, manifested in a change in physical-geographical zones to a depth of 1500-2000 m. But this pattern is most clearly observed in the upper active layer of the ocean to a depth of 200 m.
The Soviet scientist D.V. Bogdanov divided the ocean into areas that were homogeneous in terms of the prevailing conditions in them natural processes. The classification of climatic zones of the World Ocean that he proposed is currently the most popular.
D.V. Bogdanov identified the following climatic zones (natural zones) in the World Ocean (from north to south), which are in good agreement with the natural land zones.
Note: Dear visitors, hyphens in long words in the table are placed for the convenience of mobile users - otherwise the words will not be transferred and the table will not fit on the screen. Thanks for understanding!
|
Climatic zone (natural zone) of the World Ocean |
Distinctive feature |
Correspondence natural area sushi |
|
North Polar (Arctic) - SP |
Coincides with the Arctic basin of the Arctic Ocean |
Arctic zone (ice desert) |
|
Northern sub-polar (subarctic) - SSP |
Covers ocean areas within seasonal fluctuations ice edges |
Subarctic zone (tundra and forest-tundra) |
|
Northern temperate - SU |
Water temperature 5-15°C |
Temperate zone (taiga, broad-leaved forests, steppe) |
|
Northern subtropical - SST |
Coincides with quasi-stationary areas of high pressure (Azores and Hawaiian maximums) |
Dry and humid subtropics and northern desert regions |
|
Northern tropical (trade wind) - ST |
Located between the average annual northern and southern boundaries of the trade wind |
Tropical deserts and savannas |
|
Equatorial - E |
Slightly shifted to the north along with the thermal equator, water temperature 27-29°C, salinity reduced |
Equatorial moist forests |
|
Southern tropical (trade wind) - UT |
Savannahs and tropical deserts |
|
|
Southern subtropical - YUST |
Appears less clearly than the northern one |
Dry and humid subtropics |
|
Southern temperate - YU |
Located between the subtropical convergence and the Antarctic convergence |
Temperate, treeless zone |
|
Southern subpolar (subantarctic) - YSP |
Located between the Antarctic convergence and the Antarctic divergence |
Subpolar land zone |
|
South Polar (Antarctic) - UP |
Includes mainly shelf seas around Antarctica |
Ice zone of Antarctica |
Of the climatic zones presented in the table, the Pacific Ocean accounts for almost all of them except the North Polar (Arctic).
Within the identified climatic zones, regional differences are observed due to the characteristics of the underlying surface (warm and cold currents), proximity of continents, depths, wind systems, etc. In the western part of the Pacific Ocean, physiographic regions are usually isolated marginal seas, in the eastern part there are zones of intense upwelling (the rise of deep waters to the ocean surface).
Most of the surface of the Pacific Ocean, approximately between 40° north latitude and 42° south latitude, is located in the equatorial, tropical and subtropical climate zones.
Let's look at the climatic zones of the Pacific Ocean in more detail.
Climatic zones of the Pacific Ocean. Characteristics, description.
Northern subpolar (subarctic) climate zone of the Pacific Ocean.
Geographical position: The northern subpolar climate zone of the Pacific Ocean occupies most of the Bering and Okhotsk Seas approximately between 60° and 70° N. w. . Determined by distribution limits seasonal ice- between the winter and summer boundaries of their distribution.
In winter, large masses of ice form within the belt, and salinity increases. In summer, the ice melts, desalinating the water. IN summer time The water warms up only in a thin surface layer; at depth, an intermediate layer of water cooled in winter is preserved.
Bioproductivity: The northern subpolar climate zone of the Pacific Ocean occupies the vast shelves of the Bering and Okhotsk Seas, rich in commercial fish, invertebrates and marine animals. The high bioproductivity of the region is associated, first of all, with the relatively shallow depths of the water area - nutrients are not lost at great depths, but are actively included in the cycle of organic matter.
Northern temperate climate zone of the Pacific Ocean.
Geographical position: The northern temperate climate zone of the Pacific Ocean is located between the areas of formation of cold subarctic and warm subtropical and tropical waters approximately between 35 and 60° N. w.
| The areas of the Japanese and Yellow Seas and the Gulf of Alaska are distinguished. | |
| Water temperature: | In winter, near the coast it can drop to 0°C, in summer it rises to 15-20°C (in the Yellow Sea up to 28°C). |
| Salinity: | In the northern half of the water area it is 33%o, in the southern half it is close to average - 35%. |
| Prevailing winds: | Western. The western part of the belt is characterized by monsoon circulation, sometimes typhoons come here. |
| Currents: |
|
Description of the Pacific climate zone: In the west of the belt, the warm Kuroshio Current and the cold Kuril Current (Oyashio) interact. From the resulting flows with mixed water, the North Pacific Current is formed, which occupies a significant part of the water area and transfers huge masses of water and heat from west to east under the influence of the prevailing westerly winds. Ice forms only in limited inland areas of shallow seas (for example, in the northern part of the Sea of Japan). In winter, vertical thermal convection of water develops with the participation of intense wind mixing: cyclonic activity is active in temperate latitudes. In the north of the northern temperate climatic zone of the Pacific Ocean there is the Aleutian minimum of atmospheric pressure, well expressed in winter, in the south there is the northern part of the Hawaiian maximum.
Bioproductivity: The high content of oxygen and nutrients in water ensures relatively high bioproductivity, and its value in the northern part of the belt (subpolar waters) is higher than in the southern part (subtropical waters).
Northern subtropical climate zone of the Pacific Ocean.
Geographical position: The northern subtropical climate zone of the Pacific Ocean is located between the zone of westerly winds of temperate latitudes and the trade winds of equatorial-tropical latitudes. The belt is represented by a relatively narrow strip approximately between 23 and 35° N. sh., stretching from Asia to North America.
Description of the Pacific climate zone: The northern subtropical climate zone of the Pacific Ocean is characterized by low precipitation, mostly clear weather, relatively dry air, high atmospheric pressure and high evaporation. These features are explained by the stable stratification of air, in which vertical movements air fades.
Northern tropical climate zone of the Pacific Ocean
Geographical position: The northern tropical belt of the Pacific Ocean stretches from the coasts of Mexico and Central America to the Philippine Islands and Taiwan, continuing to the coasts of Vietnam and Thailand in the South China Sea. Lies between 20 and 30° N. w.
Description of the Pacific climate zone: A significant part of the belt is dominated by the trade winds of the Northern Hemisphere and the Northern Trade Wind Current. The monsoon circulation is developed in the western part. The northern tropical zone of the Pacific Ocean is characterized by high temperatures and salinity of waters.
Equatorial climate zone of the Pacific Ocean.
Geographical position: The equatorial climate zone of the Pacific Ocean is represented quite widely. It is located on both sides of the equator at approximately 20° N. w. up to 20° south sh., between the northern and southern tropical zones.
| Physico-geographical areas: | Panama region, Australasian seas, New Guinea Sea, Solomon Sea. |
| Water temperature: | Equatorial water masses are well warmed by the sun, their temperature varies by season by no more than 2° and is 27 - 28°C. |
| Salinity: | 36-37‰ |
| Prevailing winds: |
|
| Currents: | Equatorial countercurrent - from west to east of the ocean. |
| Bioproductivity: | The belt is characterized by relatively high bioproductivity. |
Description of the Pacific climate zone: Intense thermal convection of air develops here, and heavy rainfall occurs throughout the year. The bottom topography and geological structure are most complex in the west and relatively simple in the east. This is the area of attenuation of the trade winds of both hemispheres. The equatorial climate zone of the Pacific Ocean is characterized by constantly warm waters of the surface layer, complex horizontal and vertical water circulation, a large number of precipitation, widespread development of vortex movements.
Southern tropical climate zone of the Pacific Ocean.
Geographical position: The southern tropical climate zone of the Pacific Ocean occupies a vast expanse of water between Australia and Peru from 20 to 30° S. w.
Description of the Pacific climate zone: The eastern part of the southern tropical climate zone of the Pacific Ocean has a relatively simple bottom topography. In the western and middle parts there are several thousand large and small islands. Hydrological conditions are determined by the Southern Trade Wind Current. The salinity of the water is lower than in the northern tropical climate zone, especially in summer due to heavy rainfall. West Side belt is influenced by the monsoon circulation. Tropical hurricanes are common here. They often originate between the islands of Samoa and Fiji and move west to the shores of Australia.
Southern subtropical climate zone of the Pacific Ocean.
Geographical position: The southern subtropical climate zone of the Pacific Ocean stretches in a sinuous strip of variable width from Southeast Australia and Tasmania to the east; covers most of the Tasman Sea, the region of New Zealand, the space between 30 and 40° south. sh.; closer to the coast of South America it descends to slightly lower latitudes and approaches the coast between 20 and 35° S. w.
Description of the Pacific climate zone: The deviation of the belt boundaries from the latitudinal strike is associated with the circulation of surface waters and the atmosphere. The axis of the southern subtropical climate zone in the open part of the Pacific Ocean is the subtropical convergence zone, where the waters of the South Trade Wind Current and the northern jet of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current converge. The position of the convergence zone is unstable, depends on the season and changes from year to year, but the main processes typical of the belt are constant: the lowering of air masses, the formation of a high pressure area and marine tropical air, and salinization of waters.
Southern temperate climate zone of the Pacific Ocean.
Geographical position: The northern boundary of the belt is close to 40-45° S. sh., and the southern one passes about 61-63° S. sh., i.e. along the northern border of the distribution of sea ice in September.
Description of the Pacific climate zone: The southern temperate climate zone is an area dominated by western, northwestern and southwestern winds, stormy weather, significant cloudiness, low winter and summer temperatures of surface waters and intensive transport of surface water masses to the east.
The waters of this climate zone of the Pacific Ocean are already characterized by a change of seasons, but it occurs later than on land and is not so pronounced. The salinity of the waters of the southern climate zone of the Pacific Ocean is lower than that of the tropical ones, since the desalination effect is exerted by precipitation, rivers flowing into these waters, and icebergs entering these latitudes.
Southern subpolar (subantarctic) climate zone of the Pacific Ocean.
Geographical position: The subantarctic climate zone of the Pacific Ocean has no clear boundaries. Southern border - the northern part or border of the Southern Ocean (Western Wind Current); in the north, Tristan da Cunha and Amsterdam Island are sometimes classified as subantarctic islands with moderate maritime climate. Other sources place the subantarctic boundary between 65-67° and 58-60° south latitude.
Description of the Pacific climate zone: The belt is characterized by strong winds, precipitation - about 500 mm per year. In the northern part of the belt there is more precipitation.
The water area of the Southern subpolar climate zone of the Pacific Ocean is especially wide in the area of the Ross Sea, which penetrates deep into the Antarctic continent. In winter, the waters are covered with ice. Largest islands- Kerguelen, Prince Edward, Crozet, New Zealand subantarctic islands, Heard and McDonald, Macquarie, Estados, Diego Ramirez, Falklands, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, etc., which lie in the zone of oceanic meadows covered with grasses, lichens, less often - bushes.
South polar (Antarctic) climate zone of the Pacific Ocean.
Geographical position: The Antarctic climate zone of the Pacific Ocean is located directly off the coast of Antarctica below 65 ° Yu. w. The width of the belt is only 50-100 km.
Air temperature:
In mid-summer (January) off the coast of Antarctica, the air temperature does not rise above 0 ° C, in the Weddell and Ross seas - up to -6 ° C, but at the northern border of the climate zone the air temperature warms up to +12°C.
In winter, the difference in air temperature at the northern and southern boundaries of the southern polar climate zone of the Pacific Ocean is much more pronounced. At the southern borders in the coastal region the thermometer drops to -30 ° C, at the northern boundaries of the belt the air temperature does not drop to negative values and remains at level 6 - 7 ° WITH.
Description of the Pacific climate zone:
Antarctica is the most severe climatic region on Earth with low temperatures air, strong winds, snow storms and fog.
Within the Pacific Ocean, the Antarctic climate zone is quite extensive. In the Ross Sea, ocean waters extend far beyond the Antarctic Circle, almost to 80° S. sh., and taking into account ice shelves - even further. East of McMurdo Sound, the cliff of the Ross Ice Shelf (Great Ice Barrier) stretches for hundreds of kilometers.
The water masses of the southern polar climate zone of the Pacific Ocean are characterized by an abundance of floating ice, as well as ice that forms huge ice spaces. The scale of these covers depends on the time of year, and at their peak reaches 500-2000 km in width. In the Southern Hemisphere, in areas of polar water masses, sea ice extends into temperate latitudes much further than in the Northern Hemisphere. The salinity of polar water masses is low, since floating ice has a strong desalination effect.
In this article we looked at the climate zones of the Pacific Ocean. Next read: Climate of the Pacific Ocean. Cyclones and anticyclones. Baric centers.
To the question in which climate zones the Pacific Ocean is located asked by the author Neuropathologist the best answer is Its unique “records” are associated with the size of the Pacific Ocean: the most strong winds, the highest and longest waves, the most destructive tsunamis, etc. The enormous size of the ocean determines diversity and contrast climatic conditions. Therefore, the entire range of “climatic shores” - from ice to coral and mangroves - is most fully represented in the Pacific Ocean.
In the Pacific Ocean there are 10 climatic zones, in which certain air masses dominate: the equatorial belt, two subequatorial ones, located between 3-5° N. and Yu. w. two tropical, two subtropical, two temperate and a subarctic. The boundaries of climate zones naturally change with the changing seasons, but these migrations in the latitudinal direction do not exceed a few degrees. Air masses of climatic zones differ in temperature and humidity fields, and types of cyclonic activity.
Answer from Oliya Blinova[guru]
equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate, subarctic, subantarctic, polar.
this is if you do not take into account the theory of the existence of the “southern ocean”. otherwise - all except the last two
Answer from Easily[newbie]
In the Pacific Ocean, all climatic zones are distinguished with the exception of the North Polar (Arctic). The western and eastern parts of the Pacific Ocean differ significantly from each other and from the central regions of the ocean. As a result, physiographic regions are usually distinguished within the belts. In each specific area, natural conditions and processes are determined by the position in relation to the continents and islands, the depth of the ocean, the peculiarity of the circulation of air and water, etc. In the western part of the Pacific Ocean, marginal and interisland seas are usually isolated as physical-geographical regions, in the eastern - zones of intense upwelling.
Northern subpolar (subarctic) belt
Unlike the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific part of the belt is quite isolated from the influence of the Arctic Ocean. The belt occupies most of the Bering and Okhotsk seas.
In autumn and winter, the surface layer of water cools to the freezing point, and large masses of ice form. Cooling is accompanied by salinization of water. In summer, sea ice gradually disappears, the temperature of the thin upper layer rises to 3-5°C, in the south - up to 10°C. Cold water remains below, forming an intermediate layer formed as a result of winter cooling. Thermohaline convection, summer heating and desalination of water (30-33% o) as a result of melting ice, the interaction of jets of warm currents (Aleutian) with cold subpolar waters determine the relatively high content of nutrients in surface waters and the high bioproductivity of the subarctic zone. Nutrients are not lost at great depths, since there are extensive shelves within the water area. In the subarctic zone, two regions are distinguished: the Bering and Okhotsk seas, rich in valuable commercial fish, invertebrates and marine animals.
Northern temperate zone
In the Pacific Ocean, it covers vast areas from Asia to North America and occupies an intermediate position between the main areas of formation of cold subarctic and warm subtropical and tropical waters.
In the west of the belt, the warm Kuroshio Current and the cold Kuril Current (Oyashio) interact. From the resulting flows with mixed water, the North Pacific Current is formed, which occupies a significant part of the water area and transports huge masses of water and heat from west to east under the influence of the prevailing westerly winds. Water temperatures fluctuate greatly throughout the year in the temperate zone. In winter, off the coast, it can drop to 0°C, in summer it rises to 15-20°C (in the Yellow Sea up to 28°C). Ice forms only in limited inland areas of shallow seas (for example, in the northern part of the Sea of Japan). In winter, vertical thermal convection of water develops with the participation of intense wind mixing: cyclonic activity is active in temperate latitudes. The high content of oxygen and nutrients in water ensures relatively high bioproductivity, and its value in the northern part of the belt (subpolar waters) is higher than in the southern part (subtropical waters). The water salinity in the northern half of the water area is 33%o, in the southern half it is close to average - 35%o. The western part of the belt is characterized by monsoon circulation, sometimes typhoons come here. Within the belt, the areas of the Japanese and Yellow Seas and the Gulf of Alaska are distinguished.
Northern subtropical zone
It is located between the zone of westerly winds of temperate latitudes and trade winds of equatorial-tropical latitudes. The middle part of the water area is surrounded by a northern subtropical ring of currents.
Due to the prevailing subsidence of air and its stable stratification within the belt, there are usually clear skies, little precipitation and relatively dry air. There are no prevailing air currents here, the winds are weak and changeable, and calms are typical. Evaporation is very high due to dry air and high