An electric jigsaw is a type of equipment for wood processing. Nowadays, the choice is presented not only in the usual manual version, but also in electric. These models, for example, Vario 502 dks, Dremel, have high performance, are quite easy to use, and are equipped with a large number of removable components.
These devices can be used in household, and in production. Today, such a mechanism can be bought ready-made or made with your own hands, for example, from an old sewing machine.
1 Technology of use
The main working element of a manual jigsaw is small files, which usually have a length of 50 to 120 mm. It is driven by an existing electric motor and makes translational movements vertically during processing of the product. In some mechanisms it works according to the pendulum type.
The workpiece itself in this design is attached directly to the base of the equipment. Such a fixation allows the worker to more easily operate the system and freely adjust the angle of the tool. Operator safety in this design is ensured by the presence of a special screen.
These models appeared on mass sale in last years. Previously, they tried to make them for home use using a sewing machine. Today there is no need for this. The choice of models is very large.
1.1 Advantages and disadvantages of using jigsaws
TO strengths It is this technique that must be considered:
- Possibility of using the device for a wide range of woodworking thanks to a large number replaceable cloths.
- Greater reliability in use: due to the wide blade of such a mechanism, you can avoid breaking parts made of wood or tile during processing, as well as perform any complex contours with a minimum of effort.
- The ability to feed a piece of wood with both hands by attaching it to the blade. Previously, without such a device, working with manual samples was much more difficult.
- Ease of processing any kind of material – even relatively small ones the jigsaw can easily cope with wood 50 mm thick, not to mention more powerful models.
- Wide range of processing options.
Among the disadvantages of using such a device, the short stroke of the samples is usually noted, due to which the work with thick webs is significantly more complicated.
It is also impossible to make the bending radius as small as when using a manual sample (due to the peculiarities of fastening the file).
2 Scope of application of machines
Modern electric jigsaw machines are suitable for next works to choose from:
- Sawing complex contours from a sheet blank.
- Processing the inner surface of the workpiece without violating its contour integrity.
- Finishing of some samples.
A tabletop jigsaw machine is used primarily for processing wooden workpieces. It is most often used in furniture production, musical instruments. In recent years, they have also often begun to be used for the production of decorative items, as well as souvenirs.
2.1 Consumables
The main consumables that a tabletop jigsaw has are files, including spiral ones. They differ in length, size of teeth, distance between them and are selected for each material individually.
Usually, when setting up a jigsaw machine with your own hands and buying files for it, experts recommend focusing on the following features when choosing consumables:
- To cut wood or plywood workpieces, choose saw blades with a pitch of 2-4 mm.
- Metal samples, as well as plastic, are usually processed by choosing 1-2 mm files, including spiral ones. Experts who provide reviews on the use of such components recommend choosing models with a wavy edge. The choice of these is very large.
- When working with tiles, use special saw blades with an abrasive coating.
You can select these elements for processing wood and other materials not only based on reviews, but also based on the technical characteristics of the equipment you have chosen.
After all, almost every machine has a list of consumables, including all the files suitable for it for certain products.
Also, do not forget about additional elements such a design, which, for example, in the Dewalt, Dremel, Holzstar, Vario 502 dks models includes a drilling unit and an air pump. Their choice is great.
2.2 Design features of jigsaws
Currently, an electric jigsaw machine, in addition to those products that are created at home with your own hands, is presented on the market in a huge number various products. Their choice is really wide, including models Dewalt, Holzstar, Vario 502 dks.
They are classified according to the following features:
In order to choose the right jigsaw, you need to It is already possible to analyze the device according to all parameters. And then you can get the ideal component to perform any task. You can also assemble a tabletop jigsaw with your own hands using general recommendations for the production of such devices.
It will not be difficult to do this yourself using a sewing machine or other similar mechanism. The main thing is to study the design well, select the necessary components and do everything to make the model reliable.
2.3 Electric jigsaw machine Enkor Corvette-87 (video)
A tabletop jigsaw machine will be useful to every craftsman who cuts out thin parts. However, it is not always possible and meaningful to purchase a full-fledged machine. In that case, get down to business and make it yourself!
The structure of a jigsaw machine - what lies inside?
Jigsaw machines are more related to special tools than to devices that are needed as to an experienced master, and for the amateur who manages the garage. Their purpose comes down to a special task, namely cutting out complex curved contours from sheet materials. A special feature of such machines is the execution of cuts without violating the integrity of the external contour. Most often, sawing occurs on wooden and derivative materials (plywood, chipboard, fiberboard), although modern machines equipped with appropriate saws can also work with other materials, for example, plastic or plasterboard.
Such equipment has found application in the music industry (making musical instruments) and, of course, in the furniture industry. Those who like to make things in their own workshop also buy such units. The structure of a traditional jigsaw machine, designed according to all the rules, looks like this: the working surface on which the saw is mounted hides a drive (electric motor) and a crank structure underneath. The tension mechanism can be located either below or above the machine.
To process a part, it must be placed on the workbench. Many models have the ability to rotate it under different angles to make bevel cuts. The stops and guides on the surface, as well as the rotating mechanism, can be marked, which greatly simplifies and speeds up the work. The length of the cut depends on the length of the work table - most models are limited to 30-40 cm. Electric motor power is an important, but still far from the most fundamental factor, since the machine has a huge reserve of unclaimed power. For example, for a home workshop or even small production, an “engine” of only 150 W is sufficient.
The crank mechanism is a much more important detail, because in this case the quality of transmission of the drive’s rotational moment into the translational and reciprocal movement, directed in the vertical plane by means of a file, depends on it.
Standard jigsaw machines are considered to be devices with an amplitude of movement of around 3-5 cm and a vibration frequency of up to 1000 per minute. Many models provide a change of speed mode for different materials. The jigsaw file itself is usually made up to 35 cm long and is capable of sawing material up to 10 cm thick. The width of the files can vary in a fairly wide range - from very thin two-millimeter to coarser ten-millimeter, with a thickness from 0.6 mm to 1.25 mm.
Even the thickest and widest file will easily break if you do not provide sufficient tension along the entire length of the file. Leaf and coil springs are used for this. Quite often, such machines are equipped with an air pump, which cleans the cut from sawdust by blowing it, as well as a drilling unit. The latter device is especially useful, because in this case the master does not need to be distracted by connecting an electric drill and drilling a hole - everything happens on the working plane of the machine. Of course, you have to pay for convenience!
How to make a jigsaw with your own hands from a manual jigsaw?
On the Internet you will find many different designs homemade machines, but most of them come down to repurposing into this device. By using your ingenuity and watching the video, you can easily make a homemade jigsaw from this tool. The jigsaw only needs a little modification. In fact, it plays the role of a machine drive and a crank mechanism, but the rest needs to be thought out and implemented.
Of course, manufacturers are trying to please consumers in this area as well, offering their own platform options for quick and convenient remodeling, however, in reality only you can make a device that suits your needs. So, the first step is to make a support table, for which sheet metal is most often used. You need to make a beveled oblong hole in it for the saw blade and holes for fasteners (countersunk screws are recommended), and attach the jigsaw to the bottom of the support table.
This structure can only be strengthened wooden table. You can go beyond this and install guide rails. The convenience of such a device lies in the fact that in addition to performing functions that are not entirely inherent to it, you can always disconnect the drive and with a slight movement of your hand turn it back into a manual jigsaw! If you constantly need this tool for work, it makes sense specifically for the machine - it will be cheaper than spending money on a real machine.
Advantages and disadvantages - we continue to modify!
But such a unit inherits not only the advantages of the tool, but also its disadvantages, in particular, the file is too wide for filigree work, which significantly limits the curvature of the lines. If there is a need for this, there will be a way out. So far, our machine differs from the classic jigsaw unit in the absence of springs that would ensure sufficient tension on the file. But it’s quite easy to build a simple rocker, which on one side will be under the tension of springs, and on the other, fixed to a nail file.
There is another option - to clamp the nail file between two guide rollers, but the first option is still more reliable. Don't forget to turn off the pendulum action on your jigsaw before you start using your homemade machine. There is another design - if your tool is powerful enough, then it can only serve as a drive in a structure of two rocker arms, between which a nail file is stretched. The movement is transmitted through a file attached to the lower rocker.
Machine from a sewing machine - giving a second life to old tools!
If you inherited a foot-operated or manual sewing machine from your grandmother or mother, consider yourself the owner of an excellent jigsaw machine! Of course, for this you need to “work a little magic” on the machine. First, remove the thread weaving device, which is usually located at the bottom of the machine. There is nothing complicated about it, just unscrew two bolts. Then we knock out the cotter pin and remove the drive shaft leading to the thread weaving mechanism.
Having unscrewed the top panel that protects the mechanisms, it is necessary to expand the slot in which the needle went. Be guided by the needs and width of the nail file that you will use in your work. Files for a jigsaw of this kind also need to be slightly modified, namely cut to maximum length needles that could be used on this machine. Grinding off the upper teeth and sharpening bottom part on the tip, all you have to do is insert the file into the needle holder and test your machine in action!
The idea of creating a homemade jigsaw is most often due to the disadvantages that a factory-made one has hand tool. You can make a small tabletop machine with your own hands, which will include a pusher, a reciprocating motor, and a saw tension system. In this case, you do not need complex drawings - once you understand the essence, it is easy to achieve the result.
How to make your own installation
The desire to create homemade jigsaw may occur for several reasons:
- There is no power supply in the workshop, but it is possible to use internal combustion engines low power.
- There are pneumatic motors, but the compressor power is not enough for a serial tool.
- The electric motor is powered by batteries or solar panels, the power of the source is not enough to use the power tool.
- It is required to obtain saw motion parameters that are unattainable using a commercial tool.
Designing a jigsaw is not difficult. A typical structure looks like this:
The installation is easy to adapt to any torque source. A pair of pulleys (one is located on the engine shaft, the other drives the crank mechanism) allows you to vary the gear ratio, reducing the load on the power unit and allowing you to get the required speed (they are also responsible for the number of saw strokes per minute) by executive device.
A machine built according to the above scheme can have a very different configuration; the material of manufacture is also selected individually. Example ready installation looks like this:
Disadvantages of a manual jigsaw
Hand jigsaw designed to form straight cuts. In this case, as the rollers, rod, and pusher wear out, the saw may wobble, deviate from a straight line, and change the angle of attack. Regardless of the quality of the tool components, the following features are always present:
- When the saw becomes dull, deviation from a straight line is observed when cutting material of uneven density (for example, low-quality chipboard). The saw is capable of leaving the cutting line when it encounters a knot in the wood.
- When trying to make a curved radius cut, you can observe the following picture: the upper cutting line, which the worker follows, follows an exact trajectory, the lower one deviates, goes to the side, the radius becomes larger. The higher the wear of the tool and the lower the sharpness of the saw, the more pronounced this phenomenon is.
- Some materials cannot be worked using a pick-up or bottom feed of the saw. The carpenter is required to move the tool forward extremely evenly, which is impossible to do very accurately; as a result, the saw runs out along the entry and exit path.
It is even more difficult to work with thin ones intended for figured cuts saws. If there is no practice, achieve good result quite difficult, especially on thick slabs or wood materials. Let's look at how you can make a carpenter's job easier and the result better.
Standard solutions
The machine from a manual jigsaw is made on the basis of a simple table. This device is common and mass-produced; samples can be seen in the photographs below.
The mechanics of work are simple:
- The jigsaw clearly fixes the tool, ensuring that there is no influence of the human factor (the hand can move the jigsaw unevenly).
- The presence of a support allows you to move the device without deviations along the trajectory.
With the help of a table, jigsaws begin to cut in a straight line, but the capabilities of such a device are limited. If you remove the side fence and try to guide the workpiece, forming a curved cut, the same problems of saw deflection arise. The problem can be solved by using a simple saw, rigidly fixed with a pair of rollers. Making curved cuts is now convenient and fast. What homemade and industrial products of this type look like is shown in the following photos.
Tension devices for curved cuts
To perform very thin and precise shaped cuts, you can make a machine from a jigsaw with a saw blade tension system. The idea of creating it yourself is as follows:
- A very thin saw is used, ideally for a hand jigsaw.
- A clamp is attached to the rod of the power tool, which will tighten the cutting blade.
- The trajectory stabilization system will regulate both one freedom of movement and two (horizontal and vertical).
A hand jigsaw clamp is used as a tension block, to which an adapter is made, which in turn is inserted into clamping fixture power tool rod. To ensure adjustment of one freedom of movement, a pair of angles and a bolt are used. The result of the idea implementation is presented on next photo.
The saw provides clearly vertical movement, good tension can be created, but there is a mandatory runout in the horizontal direction. The canvas comes with a pick-up and does not move in a straight line.
The development of this idea is in the next photo. Here the part that fixes the trajectory moves, and the metal clamp provides structural rigidity and mechanical resistance.
The system is stabilized in two degrees of freedom, the cut made with its help is neat and precise. By using a diamond-coated cord for a hand jigsaw, you can cut glass without creating messy chips on the edges.
Accessories for extremely delicate work
If you need to act extremely delicately and slowly, you will need to reduce the force by cutting blade and at the same time ensure strong tension and precise movement of the file. To do this, a homemade jigsaw is equipped with spacer devices with long arms.
In this case, the power tool does not operate in the cutting zone, but at some distance. This allows, depending on the wishes of the carpenter, to regulate the force, speed and amplitude of movement of the saw. One of the options for implementing the idea is shown in the following photo.
Depending on the needs of the master, the structure can be made of steel, have additional fixing zones, and the power tool cannot be installed rigidly, but with the ability to move within its support beam.
In practice, such solutions are rarely used. For delicate work that is performed constantly, it is much more profitable to purchase a specialized band saw, which will ensure quality and productivity.
As can be seen from the presented designs, a jigsaw can even be made from a sewing machine with a moving rod.
tehnika.expert
DIY tabletop jigsaw | Construction portal
A tabletop jigsaw is an indispensable item for any owner who is used to doing household work on his own. Especially electric jigsaws good for residents of the private sector, amateurs manual labor And country holiday. The desktop electric model has gone quite far from its prototype, an ordinary manual jigsaw. A desktop jigsaw makes it easier and faster to cut, not to mention improving quality.
Concept of a tabletop jigsaw
A jigsaw is a saw, which is characterized by reciprocating movements of the saw blade, which acts as a working body. It has a ski designed to guide the saw blade when moving along the surface that is being processed, and makes movements at a frequency of up to 3000 vibrations per minute.
This instrument was invented in 1946. Its creator is Albert Kaufman, who replaced the needle in a sewing machine with a blade. The instrument went on sale already in 1947. A manual jigsaw has a body with a flat platform and a handle. The main difference between an electric jigsaw and a manual one is its greater functionality and cutting quality.
Inside there is an electric motor and a special mechanism that drives the blade. In stationary jigsaws there is no handle, and the platform is located on top. At the front of the mechanism there is a guide, at the bottom there is a retractable blade that moves and makes cuts.
The tool works as follows: file for table jigsaw securely fastened with clamps in the slide. The reciprocating movements have a frequency of up to 3000 strokes and can be adjusted. The support platform allows the jigsaw to focus on the part being cut, so the work is carried out very accurately.
The purpose of a desktop jigsaw
A jigsaw is an integral part of every workshop and every hobbyist. Its thin file can successfully cut plywood, copper, iron, thick boards, brass, and steel. Tools come with motor, foot or manual drive and are more productive. An electric jigsaw is simply indispensable for carpenters, wood workers, furniture decorators, and drywall workers who produce complex parts.
An electric jigsaw can make straight and curved cuts on workpieces with complex shapes and various sheet materials without disturbing the external contour. Most often, tabletop jigsaws are used for cutting wood and wooden boards, figures with complex outlines made of laminate and plasterboard, plastic blanks, and also for cutting sheet metal.
Benchtop electric jigsaw makes clean cuts complex shape and works with small parts. Due to the stable and fixed position during operation, it is achieved high accuracy cutting The file has a stable motion thanks to the tension system and guides, which are devoid of hand jigsaws. Big size The table makes it stable, so the precisely specified sawing direction is maintained.
Types of jigsaws
Today, the power tool market offers a wide variety of jigsaws, which differ in the nature of their application, technical specifications, type of power supply and design features. In construction stores you can buy a tabletop jigsaw for every taste and budget.
It is difficult to classify by design features, because each manufacturing company strives to provide its products with features that are designed to facilitate and improve the operation of the tool. In this regard, the shape of the handle is a significant parameter.
There are two established types of handles - mushroom-shaped and D-shaped. A jigsaw with a staple handle requires one-handed operation. This increases the possibilities of using a jigsaw, but has a somewhat negative effect on the quality of cutting the material.
Mushroom-shaped handles allow for more accurate cuts when holding the jigsaw with both hands, having previously secured the workpiece to be cut. Choosing a jigsaw with a certain form handles depends on the financial capabilities and personal preferences of the buyer. You should choose the jigsaw that will be more convenient to work with.
Household jigsaws are not intended for intensive use, but the low price of a desktop jigsaw and the power that is enough for household needs, make them indispensable in the household.
Professional jigsaws are characterized by high wear resistance and the possibility of daily long-term (up to 8 hours) use. The significant power of such jigsaws allows processing of materials of large thickness. Expanded equipment and improved characteristics are reflected in the price.
Among professional jigsaws, industrial jigsaws also stand out, which are characterized by greater adaptability to complex operations and drive features - for example, increased power supply voltage. Industrial models are machines that are designed for the woodworking industry.
Depending on the type of power supply, there are mains and cordless jigsaws. Network models are powered from a power supply network with standard voltage. If productivity is important to you, then you should choose a corded power tool.
Cordless jigsaws ensure independence from the presence of sockets and greater mobility while working. When purchasing a battery model, you should pay attention to the type of battery. Elevated performance characteristics inherent in lithium-ion batteries. The battery capacity is responsible for the duration of operation without recharging.
Advantages of desktop jigsaws
A tabletop electric jigsaw is a stationary design, so this type of cutting tool has many advantages. Modern models can work with wooden materials 40-50 millimeters thick. The working body is a narrow saw, which makes vertical translational and reciprocal movements. Due to the peculiarities of the notching of the teeth and the mechanics of the movements of the saw, the material is cut out by moving upward.
A tabletop jigsaw allows you to cut out complex decorative parts, make longitudinal, straight, inclined and transverse cuts. The wide tabletop allows you to process large parts and make cuts inside wide workpieces. Reliable fastening protects the housing from unnecessary vibrations and allows the material to be well positioned, so the motor can operate without overload.
The advantages of desktop jigsaws include good accuracy and clarity of cuts, high safety and ease of use, ample opportunities settings depending on the material and the required part of the cut workpieces.
If you need to cut out parts small size, a manual jigsaw will not be very convenient. It is quite heavy, so you will have to hold it with one hand and guide the workpiece with the other. A table jigsaw does not have this drawback. Perhaps the inconvenience is the large size and complexity of working with big details.
A tabletop jigsaw is a kind of mini-machine for cutting workpieces. If you purchase a jigsaw in a store, most likely it will provide the ability to select power and adjust the frequency of saw strokes. However, you can make a simple homemade tabletop jigsaw, and very quickly. You will need a hand jigsaw, a few screws, a piece of plywood Not large sizes and only an hour of work.
Making a tabletop jigsaw
A carefully made jigsaw will be little inferior to one made in a factory, and in some respects even superior to it. Assembling such a jigsaw is not difficult if you have necessary materials. Next we will describe simple diagram such manipulations.
The design of the jigsaw includes the following components: handle, switch button, insulating washer, power cord, frame, heating filament, screw clamp and earring. First you need to make a frame. You will need a duralumin pipe with an outer diameter of up to twelve millimeters.
You can also use textolite with a thickness of at least ten millimeters or thick plywood for the base. But keep in mind that the lighter the frame, the more convenient the jigsaw will be to use. Be sure to provide a channel so that you can lay the power cord later. Most best shape a frame is one whose sides are tilted 45 degrees.
Next you need to make an earring. It is made of copper sheet one millimeter thick. After this, it is attached with screws to the frame where it connects to the handle. In this way, the screw, wing nut and shackle will form a clamp in which the heating filament can be fixed. The thickness of the duralumin sheet should be up to 0.8 millimeters. It is necessary to make pressing cheeks from it, between which there is a switch button.
After this, you need to cut a gap in the plywood that the saw can fit through. It can be done using a drill. To do this, you need to drill holes along the marking line and smooth out the transitions. Instead of plywood, you can use plastic, metal, plexiglass and others. Next, you place and drill mounting holes on the plywood and jigsaw base plate.
Then you need to secure the jigsaw with screws to the plywood base so that the file can fit through the gap. You attach the structure to the table using a clamp so that the file is pointing upward. You can also secure the platform with any in an accessible way. The jigsaw file remains a regular one, but the possibilities for good cutting are expanded by freeing up your hands.
You can use a nichrome spiral from any household heating device (iron, for example) as a heating filament. It must be secured with tension between the ends of the frame bends. In order for the thread to heat up, you need to apply a tension of about 14 V. To control the operating mode, you can use a rheostat.
The current is determined by the thickness and length of the nichrome thread. Using a rheostat, you can set the optimal current strength (no more than 3-5 A), which will affect the temperature to which the filament is heated. Before starting work, it is necessary to determine the current strength. But keep in mind that if the force is too high, the cut material may be caught in the flame, but if it is insufficient, it will not be taken. A self-made desktop jigsaw will allow you to cut out shapes with complex contours from various types materials.
Rules for using a desktop jigsaw
When working with a table jigsaw, you must adhere to some rules:
- When cutting, do not press too hard on the tool, otherwise the needle will break at best, or you will ruin the work at worst.
- Replace saw blades from time to time. An old saw can damage and destroy the surface of the material.
- If you work with organic glass and non-ferrous alloys, the surface of the product must be moistened with water. This operation will speed up the process and extend the life of the saw.
- If you are cutting a surface with a thickness of less than one millimeter, place a sheet of wood or plywood under the material being processed.
- Before cutting, it is necessary to secure the material. It is better not to make long cuts by hand; the line may turn out to be crooked.
- To cut different materials, appropriate blades are required, with a special pitch and length.
- Rotate the tool by turning only the back of the tool.
- When cutting laminate, tape is applied to the cut line, which protects the material from chipping.
- If there is a need for curved cuts, set the jigsaw pendulum to minimum.
If you have not yet fully understood how to make a tabletop jigsaw, watch a video about this procedure. This tool allows you to cut complex parts from wood and other materials, make longitudinal, inclined, straight and transverse cuts. Using a jigsaw, you can process large parts, wide workpieces and small products, which is not superfluous at home.
strport.ru
wooden jigsaw machine
For slotted thread jigsaws are used to cut out small parts from wood, plywood, plexiglass, plastics and other materials various designs and types. These can be manual (“pioneer”), mechanical and electric jigsaws. Various magazines provided diagrams of homemade jigsaw machines driven by an electric motor and even an electric drill. But with the advent of hand-held jigsaws on sale, it became possible to both install them in a table for cutting out large parts, and use them as a drive for jigsaw machines for cutting out small parts. The manual jigsaw is well balanced, quite powerful and has a speed controller, which greatly expands the possibilities of its use.
Still, in my opinion, the jigsaw has significant drawback, this is the inability to regulate the amplitude of the stroke of the nail file. But I dealt with this drawback by making a saw stroke regulator.
The version printed in Wood magazine No. 12 1986 was taken as the basis for the manufacture of the machine.
The dimensions of the rocker arms were selected based on own needs. It should be borne in mind that by increasing the length, we will increase the size of the processed part, this is a plus. But at the same time, we will increase the vibration of the saw, as well as the mass of the rocker arms, which will lead to an increase in the vibration of the entire machine, and this is a minus. Therefore, we make the length no more than necessary. Increasing the rear part of the rocker arms will lead to lighter saw tension, but again to an increase in mass and, accordingly, vibration. There is an opinion that by balancing the rocker arm relative to the swing axis, it is possible to reduce the vibration of the machine. In my opinion, this is not true.
Vibration can be reduced by reducing the mass of the rocker arm as much as possible. But at the same time it is necessary that it remains rigid and can withstand heavy loads.
For tensioning, it is convenient to use eccentric clamps from a bicycle. The nail file should be tensioned through a rigid spring. It will help reduce the number of nail file breaks.
The file attachment should quickly and securely fix the files. different sizes.
The bars on which the rocker arms are mounted must be securely connected to each other to reduce vibrations.
The entire structure of the machine must be rigid and reliable. Management must be in convenient location.
I will answer all your questions.
Wish you good luck with your homemade projects.
shenrok.blogspot.ru
instrument.guru > Do it yourself > using drawings
Using a homemade jigsaw, anyone can make furniture, modern convenient shelves and other wood products. Its mechanism helps to cut wooden parts of absolutely any shape. And it can also be used to process plastic and other dense materials. In order for a jigsaw machine to comply with all norms and rules, you need to carefully approach the choice of its design. Additionally, drawings from the Internet will help you make a jigsaw machine with your own hands.
- How to make a jigsaw with your own hands
Design of jigsaw machines
Absolutely any electric homemade jigsaw machine contains the following parts:
- drive unit;
- connecting rod assembly;
- saw;
- work surface;
- saw tension mechanism;
- additional mechanisms.
The material to be processed should be placed on the work surface. Many models are equipped with a rotating mechanism that changes the inclination of the cutting surface. In order to facilitate the application of markings to the material being processed, graduations are applied to the working surface. It is worth choosing a jigsaw with a large work table, because it will allow you to make the longest cuts. Basically, for most models of jigsaws, this figure is about 35 centimeters. Optimal power drive for a jigsaw machine assembled by yourself is no more than 200 watts.
The connecting rod assembly mechanism is capable of converting the rotation of the drive into translational motion and transmits it to the saw. The optimal frequency of saw movement per minute is about 900, and the amplitude vertical movement should not exceed 6 centimeters.
Many types of jigsaw machines are equipped with a speed controller, which allows adjustment depending on the type of material. The jigsaw file is capable of processing wood and plastic up to 12 centimeters thick, with a length of up to 40 centimeters. To work with various materials, the files can be changed, their width ranges from 2 to 12 millimeters. A manual tension mechanism secures the file for smooth cut. Its role is played by leaf springs or coil springs.
Main types of jigsaw machines
All jigsaw machines are usually divided according to the following criteria:
The most popular are jigsaw machines with a lower support, in which the bed is divided into upper and lower parts. The first contains the cleaning and cutting modules, and the second contains the electric motor, controller module, switching and transmission mechanisms. These machines can process absolutely any sheet of material.
Jigsaw machines with double support have a main difference. It lies in the fact that there is another rail in the upper part of the frame. Similar equipment well suited for the manufacture of oversized products. Such devices are very easy to install and allow you to process products with a thickness of no more than 9 centimeters. Additionally, the machine comes with a comfortable work table with height and angle adjustments.
Suspension jigsaws are not equipped with a stationary frame and have greater mobility. When performing work, the cutting module moves, not the material being processed. The working module itself is independently fixed to the ceiling, which is why the size of the workpiece does not matter. The cutting mechanism moves with your own hands, regardless of the bed. At the same time, it becomes possible to make a wide variety of patterns.
Jigsaws with stops and a degree scale are ideal for the most precise work using drawings. Their design helps to avoid errors during operation. Universal type jigsaws are capable of doing several types of work. This is, first of all, cutting, grinding, polishing, drilling and many others.
How to make a jigsaw with your own hands
When developing a drawing of a homemade jigsaw machine, the total number of elements must be reduced to a minimum. A saw with a fixed rocker, an electric motor and a bed will be enough. If desired, a motor from any electric machine will do. People who own a manual jigsaw are much more fortunate. It is necessary to make a special stand from a plywood sheet and attach a jigsaw to it. To secure it, it is worth making holes in the base of the jigsaw. Thus, the simplest jigsaw machine can be considered ready-made.
Next, it’s worth talking about more functional and complex models of devices that you can make with your own hands. Homemade bed made from a sheet of plywood 12 millimeters thick, textolite or plastic. Such a bed consists of a working surface, the base of the machine and a special box for the location of various mechanisms and an electric motor.
On the reverse side it is necessary to place an eccentric with a rocker, which must be connected by a metal plate with bearings and bushings. This entire structure must be secured with screws. To install the intermediate shaft, you need to find several bearings. A special metal pulley is placed quite tightly on the shaft, and the screw connector is securely fastened. In a similar way, you need to make a homemade eccentric for the device.
In order to change the frequency of movement of the rocker, it is necessary to make several through holes on the installed flange and cut threads into them. They must be removed from the central axis at different distances. By changing the place where the screw is screwed in, you can adjust the amplitude of movement of the rocker, which consists of several wooden rocker arms attached to the stand with hinges. The ends of the rocker arms have through cuts into which screws are inserted for tension. A file is attached to the other ends, moving using metal hinges. To secure the file, place it in a special groove on the working surface.
The fastening device for the file can be considered the most important. During assembly jigsaw machine do it yourself this part is worth paying attention to great attention. The plates inserted into the rocker arms carry a huge load during operation, which is why they need to be properly strengthened and tightened with fastening materials. The two mounting earrings do not need to be tightly compressed with screws, which will allow the axle hinges to move.
The rocking stand mechanism is best made from solid material. On one side you need to make a groove for the rocker arm, and on the other you need to cut a rectangular opening for the second rocker arm. To make it easier to make holes, it is worth folding the stand from several parts.
If you are engaged in carving and make figures or parts from wood, plastic or similar material, you cannot do without a tool whose name is reminiscent of the distant Soviet past: a jigsaw.
There are differences between jigsaws, now both “pioneer” elementary manual models and electric ones are available for sale. modern instruments, only vaguely reminiscent of the usual files.
You can make a jigsaw yourself: technical literature and the Internet offer many diagrams and drawings of electric jigsaw machines.
Making such a device is not difficult, and you will get significant benefits from it. You will be able to independently produce the furniture you need and realize the most daring creative ideas for interior.
An example of manufacturing a jigsaw machine.
A homemade jigsaw machine will help you professionally make smooth parts of the most bizarre shapes. First, you need to decide on the design that is most suitable for you.
Technical description and components
The schematic diagram of any jigsaw machine is the same for different models.
It must contain the following parts:
- file;
- drive with a power of about 150 W;
- rocker for tensioning the file;
- working surface with graduation;
- drilling block, etc.
Consumables are fixed on the working surface. In advanced models, there are special devices for rotating movements of the part; in them, the working surface can change the angle of inclination.
The size of the surface will depend on your production and creative plans: the larger the part you are going to cut, the larger your production table should be. Traditional sizes are usually around 30 – 40 cm.
There are a wide variety of types of files. They depend primarily on consumables. The dimensions of the parts for cutting also matter. Conventional saws for working with wood have a length of about 35–40 cm. They are able to saw parts made of wood or plastic with a thickness of no more than 100 mm.
WITH different types The materials also change and the files also change, mainly in relation to their width: from 2 to 10 mm. Files can differ in the type of their tails - with or without pins. They are fixed in special device for their tension and smooth sawing. For this purpose, they have springs of a spring type.
Another one the most important detail machine: crank assembly. Its function is difficult to overestimate: it is it that transmits movement from the drive to the saw, turning rotational motion into translational motion.
Assembly drawing of a jigsaw machine.
Due to this, the file begins to oscillate at a high frequency, the speed of such oscillations is on average about 800 - 1000 revolutions per minute. It is important to remember the amplitude of vertical vibrations; it should not exceed 50 mm.
In advanced modern jigsaw models, the speed varies depending on the type of consumable. Most desktop models operate in two speed modes. Most often these are 600 and 1000 rpm.
Model range of jigsaw machines
Most often, machines differ in their electric drive power; the range of values is huge: from 90 to 500 W.
These devices are also divided into varieties based on their fundamental design:
- universal;
- on suspension;
- with graduation;
- with the caliper in the lower position;
- with double caliper.
Jigsaws with lower support
Diagram of machine design elements.
The most used and popular models are machines with lower support. Their feature is the division of the working bed into upper and lower parts.
If in the upper section there is only one device for sawing and cleaning, then in the lower section there are many working elements: an electric motor, a switch, a transmission unit and a control unit. This design makes it possible to saw sheets of materials of almost any size.
Double slide machines
A homemade jigsaw with a double support differs from the lower support by the presence in the upper section of a special additional bar and a work table with the ability to change the angle of inclination and overall height.
These models are designed to work with oversized parts. This machine is easier to make than the previous model. There are restrictions on the materials that can be worked with: their thickness should not exceed 80 mm.
Hanging machines
The name speaks for itself: the model is movable, it works without a stand. The fundamental point in this design is the movement of the cutting file, and not the consumables. The module itself is attached to the ceiling, the saw is driven manually.
All this provides serious advantages: in this way you can create the most complex patterns, the surface dimensions are not limited in any way.
Devices with graduation
The presence of stops and a degree scale make it possible to work according to technical drawings, without the slightest error.
Universal machines
Such devices are usually called jigsaws. Their feature is the ability to perform several operations such as grinding, polishing, sawing, etc.
How to make a jigsaw machine with your own hands?
We will not dwell on the manufacture of simple machines: you can easily find this kind of manuals with video support on the Internet. Let's talk about homemade machines from a jigsaw.
Do-it-yourself machine assembly.
Here is the sequence of work for their manufacture:
- We make the frame from plywood sheet or plastic.
The main thing is that the thickness is at least 12 mm. The function of the bed is a foundation, a working surface and a place for fixing mechanisms and an electric motor. - Posted with opposite side a special rocking chair with an eccentric.
We connect them using metal strip with bearings. All fastenings in the structure are screw. - We install the intermediate shaft.
To do this, you need to prepare two bearings, place the pulley on the shaft as tightly as possible, then carefully secure it with screws. Similar actions are performed with the eccentric. - On a rocking chair, the range of motion should change.
To do this, you need to change the mounting location of the screw, for which we drill exactly four threaded holes on the eccentric flange. The holes must be located at different distances from the axis. With a change in the mounting location of the screw, the amplitude of the rocker will change. - We make a rocking chair: these are nothing more than wooden rocker arms, into whose rear ends the screws that you made in the previous paragraph are inserted, these are tension screws.
The rocker arms themselves are attached to the rack with hinges. We fix a file to the front ends of the rocker arms. The previous and this steps must be performed with special attention and thoroughness. The fact is that attaching the file is a fundamentally important thing. Rocker arms with plates are subject to constant loads during movement due to their rigid connection with screws. - The rocking chair requires a stand.
It will be better if it is made from a whole piece of material. We make a groove for the first rocker arm on the top of the rack. At the lower end we place a special rectangular opening for the second rocker arm.
Your machine is ready. We wish cool ideas and their quality implementation.
Here general scheme jigsaw machine operation.
I had a homemade machine, I already briefly wrote about it. Since I am a furniture maker, I made it from leftover LMDF. Cheap and cheerful :). I didn’t care at all about appearance, as long as I worked. And he did a good job! On it I understood all the nuances of sawing from solid hardwood, such as walnut, oak, ash. Everything would be fine, but at the drive, and they served construction jigsaw Crees 350W. I worked for 15 years! The speed control of the drive is “closed”, it turns on immediately to maximum and immediately breaks the file. I couldn’t find a native branded regulator. I have tried all sorts of regulators, dimmers for chandeliers and regulators from the seams. machines, vacuum cleaners. I could not achieve the desired result, namely a wide range of adjustment.
The photo shows the principle of operation of the jigsaw. a construction jigsaw transmits oscillatory movements to a rocker arm, on which the file in turn is fixed.
In the end I gave up. The Moor has done his job, the Moor must go. I decided to buy a new jigsaw drive. All Chinese versions of jigsaws are not suitable; adjustment on them is the same name. In the Makita company store I found what I was looking for. 450 W jigsaw. Wide range of adjustment, and does not scream like Chinese jigsaws! Works quietly!
Here is my new drive, Makita 4327.
I found a new drive, but it didn’t work out to install it instead of the old one, the height is not suitable. I decided that rather than redo it, it would be better to make a new one, taking into account the elimination of the inconveniences identified during the process of working on the old one.
1. Increase the clearance from the file to the frame (on the old one it was 27 cm). For this you need an elongated rocker arm.
2. Increase the vertical stroke of the saw for good chip removal. (on the old one, the saw stroke is 18mm.)
3. Appearance! Schaub was not ashamed to take photographs. :)
And so! the machine is ready!
Here it is my new machine!
The clearance from the file to the frame is 45cm! The vertical stroke of the saw is 30mm! Dream!
Test cutting. The result is excellent! The Makita regulator works great. The machine makes noise like a household sewing machine.