Transportation of coal in the Kuznetsk basin. The Kuznetsk coal basin is the undisputed leader in Russia in terms of the scale of coal production

Kuznetsky coal basin, Kuznetsk swimming pool coal quality
Coordinates: 55°21′16″ N. w. 86°05′19″ E. d. / 55.35444° n. w. 86.08861° E. d. / 55.35444; 86.08861 (G) (O) This term has other meanings, see Kuzbass (meanings). A worker in Kuzbass in 1933.

(Kuzbass) is one of the largest coal deposits in the world, located in the south of Western Siberia, mainly in the Kemerovo region, in a shallow basin between the Kuznetsk Alatau and Mountain Shoria mountain ranges and the low Salair ridge. Currently, the name “Kuzbass” is the second name of the Kemerovo region. However, the basin has a disadvantageous geographical location. It is very remote from the main coal consuming areas.

On April 28, 1721, in the diary of D. G. Messerschmidt, an entry appears about the coal “between Komarova and the village of Krasnaya”, in August 1721 he discovered the “Fire-Breathing Mountain”, and only on September 11, 1721, “the informer Mikhailo Volkov announced against his report up the Tom River, from Verkhotomskov to the fort seven miles, a red burnt mountain...” The subsequent examination of the selected samples showed the presence of coal: “No. 1: Coal from Tomsk informer Mikhail Volkov.” Consequently, D. G. Messerschmidt, Lieutenant Eenberg and, probably, F. I. Stralenberg, appear to be co-authors of the first written indication of the first documented deposit of Kuzbass coal “between Komarova and the village of Krasnaya,” that is, on Krasnaya Mountain, samples from which later received and presented by M. Volkov. D.G. Messerschmidt himself, who discovered the coal deposit - “Fire-Breathing Mountain” near Kuznetsk, according to the historian I.V. Kovtuna is also the direct discoverer of Kuzbass coal.

In 1842, geologist P. A. Chikhachev assessed the coal reserves of the Kuznetsk Basin and introduced the term “Kuznetsk Coal Basin”.

Kuzbass is one of the most economically significant regions of Russia. The leading role here belongs industrial complex for the extraction and processing of coal, iron ores and various non-metallic raw materials for the metallurgy and construction industry. The basin operates 58 mines and 36 open-pit mining enterprises (coal mines).

In addition to the coal industry, metallurgy is developed in Kuzbass (Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Plant, West Siberian Metallurgical Plant, Novokuznetsk Aluminum Plant, Kuznetsk Ferroalloys), chemical industry(Kemerovo), mechanical engineering (Anzhero-Sudzhensk).

Kuzbass accounts for 56% of hard coal production in Russia, about 80% of the production of all coking coals, and for a whole group of grades of especially valuable coking coals - 100%. In addition, today Kuzbass for Russia is: more than 13% of cast iron and steel, 23% of rolled steel, more than 11% of aluminum and 19% of coke, 55% of ferrosilicon, more than 10% of chemical fibers and threads, 100% of mine scraper conveyors, 14 % silk fabrics.

1 Coal mining
2 Coal mining method
3 Geological history
4 Characteristics of the pool area
5 Characteristics of coal
6 Application
7 Largest coal companies
8 The most important coal mining enterprises
9 Problems
10 Literature
11 See also
12 Notes
13 Links

Coal mining

In 1998 97.6 million tons
In 2001 127.7 million tons
In 2002 131.7 million tons
In 2003 132 million tons
In 2004 159 million tons
In 2005 167.2 million tons
In 2006 174 million tons
In 2007 181 million tons
In 2008 184.5 million tons
In 2009 181.3 million tons
In 2010 185.5 million tons
In 2012 201.5 million tons
In 2013 203 million tons
In 2014 211 million tons

The main centers of coal mining are located in Kemerovo, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Belovsky, Prokopyevsko-Kiselevsky, Bunguro-Chumyshsky, Yerunakovsky, Baidaevsky, Osinnikovsky, Mrassky, Kondomsky and Tom-Usinsky regions.

Cost of coal mining: average.

Coal mining method

Coal is mined both underground and by more advanced open-pit and hydraulic methods. Specific gravity open-pit coal mining is about 30%, hydraulic - about 5%. In terms of production volume by open-pit and hydraulic methods, the Kuznetsk coal basin ranks 2nd in Russia. There are 3 hydraulic mines. In the Prokopyevsko-Kiselyovsky coal region, an underground coal gasification station is operated. There are 25 coal preparation plants in the basin. The mines have 180 mechanized complexes, 365 mining machines, about 200 roadheaders, 446 loading machines, about 12,000 scraper and belt conveyors, 1,731 electric locomotives and other machines and mechanisms. All major production technological processes mining and transportation of coal in mines are mechanized. There are 448 excavators, more than 80 electric locomotives, about 900 dump cars, 300 bulldozers, hundreds of cranes, drilling rigs, and heavy vehicles at the open-pit mines. Modern coal mines in the Kuznetsk coal basin are large mechanized enterprises (for example, named after V.I. Lenin in Mezhdurechensk and the Yubileiny mine management in Novokuznetsk). These giant mines produce 10 thousand or more tons of coal every day. In the future, coal production in the Kuznetsk coal basin will increase. 1971-75 The large Erunakovskoye coal deposit is developed, powerful mines are built - Raspadskaya, Biryulinskaya No. 2 and the Novokolbinsky open-pit mine.

Geological history

Over the course of hundreds of millions of years, three eras of intensive coal accumulation passed, leaving more than 130 layers of hard and brown coal. The first manifestation of coal content dates back to the Middle Devonian (about 360 million years), almost 100 million years earlier than at any other point on the globe. On top lie non-carbonaceous sediments of the Carboniferous period (about 300 million years), when Kuzbass was a bay of the sea. Carbonate silts accumulated there, and corals and brachiopods developed. But subsequently the bay became shallow, and low-lying swampy plains developed over large areas. The result of this was the accumulation of thick coal-bearing complexes at the end of the Permian period (about 250 million years). The next layer of Triassic sediments did not contain coal. At the beginning of the Jurassic period (about 180 million years), the subsidence of the Kuznetsk Basin resumed, and in a warm, humid climate, river and swamp sediments with thick deposits of peat were formed. The formation of the Jurassic coal-bearing strata completed the coal accumulation of the Kuzbass coal. For the remaining 130 million years, no special geological events occurred. But under the pressure of rocks, the coal-bearing strata underwent deformation and was crushed into folds.

Characteristics of the pool area

The pool is characterized continental climate with frequent and sharp fluctuations in air temperature, precipitation and solar radiation intensity. The hydrographic network belongs to the Ob River system. From south to north, the coal basin is crossed by the transit river Tom, which serves as the main source of drinking and basic technical water supply coal mining enterprises. The territory of modern Kuzbass is characterized by almost universal anthropogenic transformations of natural landscapes and subsoil - from relatively small changes caused mainly by forestry activities in the eastern part, to almost complete transformation during coal mining and urbanization in the western part of the basin. The most altered territories are concentrated in areas of open and intensive underground coal mining: north of the city of Kemerovo, in the Prokopyevsko-Kiselevsky district and in the vicinity of the city of Mezhdurechensk.

The coal-bearing strata of the Kuznetsk coal basin contains about 350 coal seams different power, unevenly distributed throughout the section: in the Kolchuginsky and Balakhonsky formations - 237, in the Tarbagansky formation - 19 and Barzassky formation - 3 (total maximum thickness 370 m). The predominant thickness of coal seams is from 1.3 to 4.0 m. There are coal seams of 9-15 and even 20 m, and in places of swelling up to 30 m.

The maximum depth of coal mines does not exceed 500 m (average depth is about 200 m). The average thickness of the developed coal seams is 2.1 m, but up to 25% of mine coal production occurs in seams over 6.5 m.

Characteristics of coal

According to the petrographic composition, the coals in the Balakhona and Kolchuginskaya series are mainly humus, stone (with a vitrinite content of 30-60% and 60-90%, respectively); in the Tarbagan series - coals are transitional from brown to stone. The quality of the coals is varied and is among the best coals. deep horizons coals contain: ash 4-16%, moisture 5-15%, phosphorus up to 0.12%, volatile substances 4-42%, sulfur 0.4-0.6%; have a calorific value of 7000-8600 kcal/kg (29.1-36.01 MJ/kg); coals located near the surface are characterized by a higher moisture content, ash content and lower sulfur content. Metamorphism of hard coals decreases from lower stratigraphic horizons to upper ones. Coals are used in the coke and chemical industries and as energy fuel.

Application

43-45% of coal mined in Kuzbass is used for coking. The bulk of Kuznetsk coal is consumed in Western Siberia, the Urals, as well as in the European part of Russia; coal exports have recently increased by 41%, mainly to European consumers.

Largest coal companies

"Kuzbassrazrezugol"
"SUEK-KUzbass"
"SDS-Ugol"
"Raspadskaya"
"Yuzhkuzbassugol"
"SIBPLAZ"

The most important coal mining enterprises

Bachatsky coal mine
Raspadskaya mine
Mine named after Kirov
Komsomolets mine
Esaulskaya mine
Listvyazhnaya mine
Alardinskaya mine
Chernigovets section
Vostochny open-pit mine (Kuzbass)
Pervomaisky open-pit mine
Mine South
Krasnobrodsky section
Bungursky-Severny section

Problems

Unfavorable geographical location, it is remote from the main coal consuming areas (Central. Far East). Coal is difficult to transport due to the poor development of railway networks in eastern Russia. High transportation costs reduce the competitiveness of Kuznetsk coal, which leads to a decrease in the prospects for further development of the Kuznetsk basin.

Literature

KOPIKUZ: dedicated to the 100th anniversary of KOPIKUZ. Kemerovo, 2011.
Galkina L. Yu. AIK Kuzbass: Autonomous industrial colony "Kuzbass". Kemerovo: Voyage, 2012. 207 p.

Notes

Tolmachev, 1909, p. 5; Kovtun, 2010, p. 46
Perevalov, 2003, pp. 316-335
Kovtun I.V. Pismagora (History of discovery and research: 1630-1956). - Kemerovo: Asia-Print, 2013. - 159 p.
1 2 http://www.ako.ru/PRESS/viewtext.asp?C90263=On Mezhdurechensk hosted a meeting of the regional coordinating council for the development of the coal industry
1 2 Today, the regional administration held a meeting at which the results of the work of the coal industry over the past year were summed up, and tasks for 2003 were outlined.
In August, according to the Department of Fuel and Energy Complex of the AKO, Kuzbass miners produced 14 million 359 tons of coal, and in just eight months from the beginning of the year - 112 million 780 thousand tons.
http://www.ako.ru/PRESS/MESS/TEXT/doktrina/str25_eng.pdf#page=18
The budget of the Kemerovo region for 2010, despite the difficulties, will be balanced and socially oriented, as is always the case last years, - Governor A.G. Tuleev said today in his budget message.
About how the economic and social situation is developing in the Kemerovo region today, how the coal industry in the region is developing, Governor A.G. Tuleyev said in an interview with the magazine “Coal of Kuzbass”.
The Department of Coal Industry and Energy of the Regional Administration summed up the work of Kuzbass coal enterprises in 2010.
Coal production in Kuzbass in 2013 exceeded last year's record
sibdepo.ru: In 2014, almost 211 million tons of coal were mined in Kuzbass

Links

Kuznetsk basin, Kuznetsk basin coal quality, Kuznetsk coal basin, Kuznetsk coal basin in

Kuznetsk coal basin Information About

Introduction
The Kuznetsk coal basin is one of the largest coal basins in Russia.
Coal mining enterprises in Kuzbass produce more than 2/3 of Russia's coking coal.
The maximum level of production in Kuzbass was reached in 1988. Since 1989, there has been a steady downward trend in coal production. The first signs of stabilization of the situation appeared in 1995 in the open-pit mining method and the extraction of coking coal.
Coking coal production in Kuzbass in 1995 amounted to 39.9 million tons, which is 3.5 million tons higher than in 1994.
With a general decline in coal sales occurring in recent years, supplies of Kuznetsk coal are the most stable. In 1995, a total of 90.8 million tons were shipped to consumers in Kuzbass. At the same time, in 1995, not only was the mined coal fully sold, but also 2.4 million tons were shipped from the warehouses of coal enterprises. This was achieved through the introduction of differentiated tariffs for coal transportation in August 1995, which made it possible to increase the competitiveness of long-distance coal, primarily Kuznetsk coal. The reduction in consumer expenses for the purchase of Kuznetsk coal monthly, starting in September of the same year, is estimated at 110 billion rubles.
The balance reserves of Kuzbass coal of category A+B+C1 are estimated at 58.8 billion tons, which is 29.1% of the total reserves and almost 60% of the hard coal reserves of Russia. At the same time, coking coal reserves amount to 30.7 billion tons, or 77% of the country’s total reserves.
Reserves of 25.4 billion tons have been explored and prepared for industrial development, including 12.4 billion tons of coking coal.
Kuzbass coals are of high quality. Coal ash content – 8-22%, sulfur content – 0.3-0.6%, specific heat combustion – 6000-8500 kcal/kg.
At the same time, there is a large proportion of reserves that do not meet world standards in terms of mining and geological conditions and quality.

Study of the Kuznetsk coal basin
The first stage of the study of Kuzbass from the time of its discovery in 1721 by ore explorer M. Volkov until the beginning of the 20th century was initially characterized by episodic finds of individual outcrops of bedrock, coal seams, and “burnt” rocks. The achievement of the first stage of the study is the delineation of the Russian geologist P.A., which is close to modern boundaries. Chikhachev by 1845 discovered a large area of coal-bearing deposits, which he called the Kuznetsk basin.
The second stage (beginning of the 20th century) can be considered as a period of systematic geological research and the formation of its individual directions. At first, the foreign joint-stock company Kopikuz, and later the domestic planning authorities in Siberia, envisaged the creation of a large coal and metallurgical industry, which required identifying the raw material base. The study was started in 1914 by a group of geologists led by the famous scientist, Professor L.I. Lutugina. They were the first to determine the thickness of coal seams and draw up a stratigraphic diagram of the basin. After civil war Geological work was carried out in ever-expanding volumes, but it has especially grown since the early 1930s, when domestic drilling rigs appeared. If in 1930 - 1945 the annual volume exploratory drilling did not exceed 100 thousand. linear meters, then by 1954 it increased to 360 thousand linear meters, and subsequently - to 650 thousand linear meters. There was also intensive construction of new coal mining enterprises, as a result of which coal production increased from 0.8 million tons. in 1913 to 57.7 million tons. in 1955. Main results scientific activity The second stage is the publication of two monographs on the geological structure of Kuzbass (1927, 1940), the emergence of the most important data on the quality of coals and the patterns of their changes, the depth of occurrence and deposits, the establishment of a more detailed stratigraphic scheme of coal-bearing deposits, and the study of the tectonics of deposits.
The third stage (mid-50s) is characterized by significant detail and deepening of exploration of the geological structure, caused by the increased requirements of the coal industry for the degree of exploration of deposits in connection with the widespread introduction of mechanization of mining operations. In view of the revealed increased variability of geological parameters and in order to search for scarce coking coals, areal prospecting work and deep drilling were also increased.
Introduction of new high-performance drilling equipment and technology ( self-propelled units, hydrotransport of core, removable core receivers, etc.) made it possible to almost double the volume of exploration and significantly increase the efficiency of studying deposits. A number of fundamental methodological works were carried out on testing and assessing the quality of coals, on studying gas content, exploration methods, etc. An expanded set of studies was used to correlate coal-bearing deposits, which made it possible to significantly clarify the geological structure of the central part of Kuzbass. Detailed studies were carried out on the reliability of geological materials, deposit disturbances, and patterns of changes in coal quality. Geological survey at scale 1:200000 has been completed and survey at scale 1:5000 has been expanded (76% completed).

Economic and geographical position of Kuzbass
The Kuznetsk coal basin is located mainly in the Kemerovo region, which is located in the southeast of Western Siberia, in the Kuznetsk basin, bordered from the southwest by the Salair ridge, from the southeast and east by the converging spurs of the Salair ridge and the Kuznetsk Alatau, in the northwest by the basin merges with the West Siberian Lowland. The length of the basin from Southeast to Northwest is about 330 kilometers, the width reaches 100 kilometers, and the total area is 26,700 square meters. kilometers. The largest rivers are the Tom and Inya - the right tributaries of the Ob. The main cities are Kemerovo, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Prokopyevsk, Stalinsk.
Kuzbass is the second coal and metallurgical base in Russia. In addition to the coal and metallurgical industries, it contains large enterprises in the coke and chemical industry (Kemerovo), mechanical engineering, electric power, and metallurgy (Kuznetsk Metallurgical Plant and West Siberian Plant in Novokuznetsk, Belovsky Zinc Plant, Novokuznetsk Aluminum Plant). Cities, mines and factories are connected by access roads that have access to the Siberian Railway, as well as the South Siberian Railway and the railway running in the meridional direction.
The administrative borders of the Kemerovo region are land. In the north it borders with the Tomsk region, in the east with the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia. In the south, the borders run along the main ridges of Mountain Shoria and the Salair Ridge with the Republic of Gorny Altai and Altai Territory, in the west - along the flat terrain with the Novosibirsk region.
Important feature The geographical location of the Kemerovo region is that it is located in the depths of a huge part of the land, significantly removed from the seas and oceans. The distance to the nearest northern sea - the Kara Sea - is almost 2000 km, to the nearest warm sea - the Black Sea - more than 4500 km.
The population of the Kemerovo region is 3.2 million people, of which 2.8 million are city residents.
Labor resources The region's population is 1,799.5 thousand people, of whom 87% are employed in the national economy and 6.2% are studying.
The region accounts for 18% of production national income Russia.
The subsoil of Kuzbass is rich in minerals. Large reserves of manganese ores have been explored in the region - 98.5 million tons (67% of Russia's reserves), but they are not mined, and Russia's needs are met by importing manganese ores, mainly from Ukraine. Iron ore reserves amount to 999.2 million tons (2% of Russia's reserves), phosphorite ores - 43.7 million tons (0.6%), nepheline ores - 152.4 million tons (3%), oil shale - 43 million tons (2%).
The coal industry accounts for 28 percent of total industrial production. The coal reserves of Kuzbass amount to 690 billion tons of low-ash bituminous coals with a sulfur content of 0.1-0.5% and are represented by all brands and technological characteristics of coking and thermal coals known in the world.
There are 90 mines and open-pit mines, united into the Kuzbassugol, Prokopyevskugol, Yuzhkuzbassugol and Kemerovougol combines. In 1972, they produced 119 million tons of coal - 150 times more than in 1913 and 5.6 times more than in 1940. 42–45% of the coal mined in the Kuznetsk basin is used for coking. The bulk of coal (47%) is consumed in Western Siberia, about 20% in the Urals, the rest in the European part of the country, etc. In terms of coal mining, Kuzbass ranks second in the country after Donbass, but significantly exceeds it in mining and economic indicators. The maximum depth of the mines does not exceed 500 meters (average depth is about 200 m). The average thickness of the developed seams is 2.1 m, but up to 25% falls on seams over 6.5 m. The main production comes from the mines of the central and southern regions Kuzbass (Prokopyevsko-Kisilevsky, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Belovsky, Tom-Usinsky, etc.). Labor productivity in the Kuznetsk coal basin is significantly higher, and the specific costs of capital investments per ton of production and the cost of coal are lower than in the Donbass. There are also 9 local industrial mines in Kuzbass with a total production (1972) of 2.8 million tons of thermal coal.
Coal mining is carried out both underground and more progressive - open and hydraulic methods. The share of open-pit coal mining is about 30%, hydraulic - about 5%. In terms of production volume by open-pit and hydraulic methods, Kuzbass ranks second in the country. There are 3 hydraulic mines. In the Prokopyevsko-Kisilevsky coal region, an underground coal gasification station is operated. There are 25 coal preparation plants in the basin. The mines have 180 mechanized complexes, 365 mining machines, about 200 roadheaders, 446 loading machines, about 12,000 scraper and belt conveyors, 1,731 electric locomotives and other machines and mechanisms. All main production technological processes of coal mining and transportation in mines are mechanized. There are 448 excavators, more than 80 electric locomotives, about 900 dump cars, 300 bulldozers, hundreds of cranes, drilling rigs, and heavy vehicles at the open-pit mines. Modern coal mines in the Kuznetsk coal basin are large mechanized enterprises (for example, named after V.I. Lenin in Mezhdurechensk and the Yubileiny mine management in Novokuznetsk). These giant mines produce 10 thousand or more tons of coal every day. In the future, coal production in the Kuznetsk coal basin will increase.
In 1999, 109 million tons of coal were produced in the region, including 44 million tons of coking coal. The region's coal industry employs more than 200 thousand people. More than 100 mines and open-pit mines are engaged in coal production, and 17 concentration factories are involved in its enrichment.
The leading mining method remains underground mechanical. The largest enterprises for underground mining are the joint-stock company Raspadskaya mine, the Kirov mine, and the Kapitalnaya mine. The open method has higher productivity and lower cost. The largest sections of the basin are “Chernigovets”, “Krasnogorsky”, named after 50 years of October, “Sibirginsky”, “Mezhdurechye” and “Kedrovsky”. Since 1952, the basin has used a hydraulic method for extracting coal. The "Tyrganskaya", "Yubileinaya" and "Esaulskaya" mines are leading hydraulic mining enterprises.
Underground gasification of coal in Kuzbass is represented by the Yuzhno-Abinsk Podzemgaz station. The volume of processing reached 2 million tons, which amounted to almost 4 billion cubic meters. gas The cost of a ton of fuel equivalent is lower than in open-pit coal mining.
The increase in coal production in the basin will be due to the development of the most favorable, in mining-geological and economic-geographical relations, largest deposits: Uropsko-Karakansky and Erunakovsky.
Of the new coal mining areas, the most promising is the Yerunakovsky coal-bearing area, where huge reserves of coking (4 billion tons) and thermal (4.7 billion tons) coals are concentrated with favorable mining and geological conditions, suitable for processing both underground and open ways with high technical and economic indicators.
The Kuzbass energy system has a total capacity of 4718 MW. It includes 8 power plants: Tom-Usinskaya State District Power Plant, Belovskaya State District Power Plant, Yuzhno-Kuzbasskaya State District Power Plant, Kemerovo State District Power Plant, Novokemerovo State District Power Plant, West Siberian Thermal Power Plant, Kuznetskaya Thermal Power Plant.
Two block stations operate in parallel with the energy system: KMK CHPP and Yurginskaya CHPP. The network infrastructure of the energy system has a length of power lines of all voltages of 32 thousand km and 255 substations with a voltage of 35 kV. and above, which are united into 4 electrical network enterprises: Eastern, Northern, Southern and Central.
Heating network combine 323 km of main networks and a fuel oil boiler house.
The north of the region is crossed by the Trans-Siberian Railway, the south by the South Siberian Railway. Kuzbass has direct railway connections with all regions of the country. Kemerovo and Novokuznetsk airlines have direct connections with dozens of cities in Russia and the Commonwealth countries.

Conclusion
Kemerovo region sends to all economic regions countries, as well as in 80 countries of the world, 1200 types of industrial products, including: coal, coke, rolled metal, cast iron, aluminum, zinc, ferroalloys, slate, cement, glass, nitrogen fertilizers, plastics, chemical fibers, synthetic resins, electrical products and products heavy engineering and others.
In terms of economic potential, the Kemerovo region is a large territorial production complex Russian Federation.
Small in territory, compact, with a well-developed network of roads, a powerful diversified economy, the Kemerovo region plays a leading role in the economy of Siberia. About one third of the main production assets of Western Siberia are concentrated here.
The leading role in the development of the national economy of the region belongs to the fuel and energy complex. Its basis is the coal industry and electricity.
The Kemerovo region is the largest industrial region, a support base for industrial development not only in Siberia, but throughout the country. Today, Kuzbass accounts for 44% of hard coal production in Russia, more than 70% of the production of all coking coals, and for a whole group of grades of especially valuable coking coals - 100%.
In addition, today Kuzbass for Russia is: more than 13% of cast iron and steel, 23% of rolled steel, more than 11% of aluminum and 17% of coke, 53% of ferrosilicon, 100% of mine scraper conveyors.

Bibliography

Ilyichev A.I. Kuzbass: Resources, economics, market. Kuzbass. Encyclopedia. – T.1. – Kemerovo: Kemerovo Printing Plant, 1995.
Krasilnikov B.V., Trushina G.S. Competitiveness of Kuzbass coal mining enterprises in the domestic market: Tutorial. – Kemerovo, 1995.
Morozova T.G. Territorial production complexes of the USSR: Textbook. – M.: VZFEI Publishing House, 1985.
New energy policy of Russia / edited by Shafranin Yu. - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1995.
Location of sectors of the national economy of the Russian Federation: Textbook/Team of authors edited by Morozova T.G.; VZFEI. – M.: Economic Education, 1992.
Regional economics: Textbook for universities / edited by Morozova T.G. – M.: Banks and exchanges. UNITY, 1995.
"Big Soviet Encyclopedia"Vol. 13/edited by A.M. Prokhorov, 3rd publishing house "Soviet Encyclopedia", M., 1973.
“Small Soviet Encyclopedia” vol. 5 / edited by Vvedensky B.A., publishing house “Big Soviet Encyclopedia”, M., 1959.

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The coalfield was discovered in 1721 and has been widely mined since the 1920s. In terms of coal reserves and quality, Kuzbass is one of the largest exploited coal basins in the world, where powerful coal deposits with a wide range of coals suitable for coking, producing liquid fuel and raw materials for the chemical industry are concentrated in a relatively small area.

It is located in the Kemerovo region of Western Siberia. The basin stretches along the Trans-Siberian Railway for 800 km. In terms of reserves, quality of coal and thickness of seams, Kuzbass is one of the first places in the world; on a Russian scale, the share of Kuznetsk coal is almost 60%. The basin has large reserves of coal of various grades - from brown to anthracite. The majority of all reserves are valuable coking coals. It accounts for 40% of all production. The basin area is about 26 thousand km^2. Its balance reserves amount to 600 billion tons; the thickness of the layers is from 6-14 m, and in some places reaches 20-25 m; the average depth of development of coal seams using the mine method reaches 315 m. The basin has favorable mining and geological conditions for development, which ensures their low cost. Kuzbass coals have low ash content - 4-6%; low sulfur content (from 0.3 to 0.65%), phosphorus; high calorie content - 8.6 kcal; specific heat of combustion – 6000-8500 kcal/kg; Coking coal resources are significant, their reserves amount to 643 billion tons. At the same time, there is a large proportion of reserves that do not meet world standards in terms of mining and geological conditions and quality (about 50%).

Coal is mined using both open-pit and underground mining methods. The main centers of coal mining include Prokopyevsk, Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Leninsk-Kuznetsky; The most promising is the Yerunakovsky coal-bearing region, where huge reserves of coking and thermal coals are concentrated with favorable mining and geological conditions, suitable for processing both underground and open-pit methods with high technical and economic indicators.

Total coal production in 2007 amounted to 181.76 million tons (58% of all-Russian production, in total 313.4 million tons of coal were produced in the Russian Federation last year), plus 245.2 thousand tons to the annual plan. About 40% of the mined coal is consumed in the Kemerovo region itself and 60% is exported to the regions of Western Siberia, the Urals, the center of the European part of the country and for export (countries near and far abroad). Kuzbass is the main supplier of coking coal to the West Siberian, Novokuznetsk, and Cherepovets metallurgical plants.

The Kuzbass energy system has a total capacity of 4718 MW, it includes 8 power plants: Tom-Usinskaya GRES, Belovskaya GRES, Yuzhno-Kuzbasskaya GRES, Kemerovo GRES, Novokemerovskaya CHPP, West Siberian CHPP, Kuznetskaya CHPP.

Two block stations operate in parallel with the energy system: KMK CHPP and Yurginskaya CHPP. The network infrastructure of the energy system has a length of power lines of all voltages of 32 thousand km and 255 substations with a voltage of 35 kV and higher, which are united into 4 electrical network enterprises: Eastern, Northern, Southern and Central.

The north of the region is crossed by the Trans-Siberian Railway, the south by the South Siberian Railway. Kuzbass has direct railway connections with all regions of the country.

The coal industry of Kuzbass is a complex production and technological complex, which includes more than 20 different joint stock companies(companies) and individual independent mines and open-pit mines. The current stock of coal mining enterprises in Kuzbass is represented by 60 mines and 36 open pits. Since 1989, the retirement capacity of coal mining enterprises began to exceed the capacity before commissioning, however, if, starting from this time, coal production has been steadily declining, then since 1999 a significant increase in production has been noted. The largest coal mining enterprises include OJSC HC Kuzbassrazrezugol, OJSC Management Company Kuzbassugol, CJSC Yuzhkuzbassugol, OJSC Southern Kuzbass, CJSC Shakhta Raspadskaya, LLC NPO Prokopyevskugol.

Kuzbass is also a metallurgical base. The main center of ferrous metallurgy is Novokuznetsk (ferroalloy plant and two full metallurgical cycle plants). The Kuznetsk Metallurgical Plant (the oldest of the full-cycle plants, commissioned back in 1932) uses local ores from Gornaya Shoria, the West Siberian Metallurgical Plant (founded in 1964) receives raw materials from Eastern Siberia. Metallurgical plants have their own coke production facilities. But there is also a coke plant in Kemerovo - the oldest production of its kind in Kuzbass. There is also a metallurgical plant in Novosibirsk.

Non-ferrous metallurgy is represented by a zinc plant (Belovo), an aluminum plant (Novokuznetsk) and a plant in Novosibirsk, where tin and alloys are produced from Far Eastern concentrates.

The region's mechanical engineering industry serves the needs of all of Siberia. Metal-intensive mining and metallurgical equipment and machine tools are made in Kuzbass. On the basis of coal coking, a chemical industry is developing in Kuzbass, which produces nitrogen fertilizers, synthetic dyes, medicines, plastics, tires (Novosibirsk, Novokuznetsk, Tomsk and other cities).

The most important industrial centers of Kuzbass are Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Leninsk-Kuznetsky.

Large concentration of coal mining and coal processing enterprises, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemistry and coal chemistry, construction industry and mechanical engineering, thermal power engineering facilities, railway and road transport caused extremely high technogenic loads in the region, which led to pollution of the atmosphere, soil, surface and groundwater, disturbance of the landscape, accumulation of large amounts of industrial, including toxic waste, destruction of large areas forests, degradation of fauna and flora, to high levels morbidity and mortality of the population.

The transformation of nature in the region has reached such limits that the question of recognizing Kuzbass as an environmental disaster zone has been raised. Ecological problems became a serious obstacle to the further development of the regional economy.

To improve the environmental situation, it is necessary to carry out the following measures:

The use of water-coal fuel, which is a liquid, environmentally friendly, organic, fire- and explosion-proof energy source; by May 15, 2008, the summer boiler house of CJSC Chernigovets will be completely converted to the use of water-coal fuel (before this, a trial run was made);

Use of coal mine methane; there is a “Kuzbass Methane” program, according to which it is planned to organize commercial production of methane from coal seams as an independent mineral resource;

Use of mined-out underground space; There are numerous examples of effective and safe disposal of man-made underground spaces (workings) - the creation of mining museums, offices, commodity depots, long-term reserve storage facilities (for growing mushrooms, medicinal plants, burial industrial waste), research laboratories and experimental facilities;

Application of technologies for underground gasification of coal (technology for simultaneous mining and processing of coal at its location).

In addition, the State Environmental Expertise operates in the region - a tool for preventing the non-standard impact of environmentally hazardous objects on environment, is being implemented federal program"Waste", target program“Improving the environment and population of Kuzbass”, regional environmental program.

In the field of natural resource management and environmental protection, many tasks have been outlined, among them:

Continued development and implementation economic mechanism environmental protection, including systems of payments for the impact on the environment as a result of economic and other activities;

Development of state environmental control on the basis of interdepartmental coordination, improvement of its methods and improvement of the quality of environmental impact assessment in programs and projects of economic and other activities;

development of environmental education and upbringing, wider involvement public organizations into practical environmental activities.

The north of the region is crossed by the Trans-Siberian Railway, the south by the South Siberian Railway. Kuzbass has direct railway connections with all regions of the country.

The coal industry of Kuzbass is a complex production and technological complex, which includes more than 20 different joint-stock companies (companies) and individual independent mines and open pits. The current stock of coal mining enterprises in Kuzbass is represented by 60 mines and 36 open pits. Since 1989, the retirement capacity of coal mining enterprises began to exceed the capacity before commissioning, however, if, starting from this time, coal production has been steadily declining, then since 1999 a significant increase in production has been noted. The largest coal mining enterprises include OJSC HC Kuzbassrazrezugol, OJSC Management Company Kuzbassugol, CJSC Yuzhkuzbassugol, OJSC Southern Kuzbass, CJSC Shakhta Raspadskaya, LLC NPO Prokopyevskugol.

Non-ferrous metallurgy is represented by a zinc plant (Belovo), an aluminum plant (Novokuznetsk) and a plant in Novosibirsk, where tin and alloys are produced from Far Eastern concentrates.

The most important industrial centers of Kuzbass are Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Leninsk-Kuznetsky.

A large concentration of coal mining and coal processing enterprises, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemistry and coal chemistry, construction industry and mechanical engineering, thermal power facilities, railway and road transport has led to extremely high technogenic loads in the region, which has led to pollution of the atmosphere, soil, surface and groundwater, disruption landscape, cluster large quantity industrial, including toxic waste, destruction of large areas of forests, degradation of fauna and flora, and high levels of morbidity and mortality of the population.

The transformation of nature in the region has reached such limits that the question of recognizing Kuzbass as an environmental disaster zone has been raised. Environmental problems have become a serious obstacle to the further development of the regional economy.

To improve the environmental situation, it is necessary to carry out the following measures:

Use of coal mine methane; there is a “Kuzbass Methane” program, according to which it is planned to organize commercial production of methane from coal seams as an independent mineral resource;

Use of mined-out underground space; There are numerous examples of effective and safe disposal of man-made underground spaces (workings) - the creation of mining museums, offices, commodity depots, long-term reserve storage facilities (for growing mushrooms, medicinal plants, industrial waste disposal), research laboratories and experimental installations;

Application of technologies for underground gasification of coal (technology for simultaneous mining and processing of coal at its location).

In addition, the State Environmental Expertise operates in the region - a tool for preventing the non-standard impact of environmentally hazardous objects on the environment; the federal program “Waste”, the target program “Improving the environment and the population of Kuzbass”, and the regional environmental program are being implemented.

In the field of natural resource management and environmental protection, many tasks have been outlined, among them:

Continued development and implementation of an economic mechanism for environmental protection, including a system of payments for the impact on the environment as a result of economic and other activities;

development of environmental education and training, more broad involvement public organizations in practical environmental activities.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RF

ALL-RUSSIAN CORRESPONDENCE INSTITUTE OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC

BRANCH in ARKHANGELSK

Test

DISCIPLINE: “Economic Geography”

ON THE TOPIC: “Comparative analysis of the Pechora and Kuznetsk coal basins”

Completed by a student

Personal file number 07UBB00576

Faculty: Accounting and Statistics

group: periphery

Varekhina Alena Mikhailovna

Checked by: Izobilina V.N.

Arkhangelsk

Introduction

1. general characteristics industry

2. Characteristics of the Kuznetsk coal basin

3. Characteristics of the Pechora coal basin

4. Development and location of the coal industry in conditions of transition to a market economy.

Conclusion

References 3

Introduction

The fuel and energy complex is the most important structural component of the Russian economy, one of the key factors in ensuring the life of the country. Fully providing itself with fuel and energy resources, Russia is major exporter fuel and energy; they make up more than half of its export potential.

The fuel and energy complex includes oil, gas, coal, shale, peat and electric power industries.

The coal industry is one of the most important industries fuel industry. Both hard and brown coal are mined. Coal bases are of great regional importance. They attract the following industries: thermal power engineering, chemical industry and other energy-intensive industries. The coal industry and related industries are characterized by massive cargo flows, which causes significant transport construction, creation of infrastructure elements.

This work gives Comparative characteristics two most important coal basins in Russia: Pechora and Kuznetsk, their similarities and differences, as well as general characteristics of the coal industry.

1. General characteristics of the industry

The coal industry is an important part of the fuel and energy complex.

Coal is the most common type of fuel, providing energy development over time.

Russia ranks third in the world in coal production after China and the United States and first in proven coal reserves. The total geological reserves of coal in Russia are 6421 billion tons, standard reserves are 5334 billion tons. In the fuel and energy balance of Russia, the share of coal in the 50s reached 65%, in the 60s - 40-50%. In the 70-80s, coal fuel was replaced by oil and gas fuel, and currently the share of coal in the fuel and energy balance of Russia is only 12-13%, and in the fuel balance of thermal power plants - approximately 25%. There are coals various types: anthracite, brown, coking. The total reserves are dominated by coals– 2/3 of total reserves. Hard and brown coals have a high calorific value, quality characteristics, conditions of occurrence, production and use. Hard and coking coals are of high quality and are used as process fuel in the ferrous metallurgy. Brown coals are low-quality energy fuel and are used as raw materials for the chemical industry.

Coal is mined by open-pit mining and in quarries (40% of total production). Coal reserves that can be mined by open pit mining exceed 200 billion tons, they are mainly concentrated in the east of the country.

The most important coal basins are the Kuznetsk and Pechora coal basins.

2. Characteristics of the Kuznetsk coal basin

It is located in the Kemerovo region of Western Siberia. The basin stretches along the Trans-Siberian Railway for 800 km. In terms of reserves, quality of coal and thickness of seams, Kuzbass is one of the first places in the world; on a Russian scale, the share of Kuznetsk coal is almost 60%. The basin has large reserves of coal of various grades - from brown to anthracite. The majority of all reserves are valuable coking coals. It accounts for 40% of all production. The basin area is about 26 thousand km^2. Its balance reserves amount to 600 billion tons; the thickness of the layers is from 6-14 m, and in some places reaches 20-25 m; the average depth of development of coal seams using the mine method reaches 315 m. The basin has favorable mining and geological conditions for development, which ensures their low cost. Kuzbass coals have low ash content - 4-6%; low sulfur content (from 0.3 to 0.65%), phosphorus; high calorie content - 8.6 kcal; specific heat of combustion - 6000-8500 kcal/kg; Coking coal resources are significant, their reserves amount to 643 billion tons. At the same time, there is a large proportion of reserves that do not meet world standards in terms of mining and geological conditions and quality (about 50%).

The north of the region is crossed by the Trans-Siberian Railway, the south by the South Siberian Railway. Kuzbass has direct railway connections with all regions of the country.

Non-ferrous metallurgy is represented by a zinc plant (Belovo), an aluminum plant (Novokuznetsk) and a plant in Novosibirsk, where tin and alloys are produced from Far Eastern concentrates.

The most important industrial centers of Kuzbass are Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Leninsk-Kuznetsky.

A large concentration of coal mining and coal processing enterprises, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemistry and coal chemistry, construction industry and mechanical engineering, thermal power facilities, railway and road transport has led to extremely high technogenic loads in the region, which has led to pollution of the atmosphere, soil, surface and groundwater, disruption landscape, the accumulation of large amounts of industrial waste, including toxic waste, the destruction of large areas of forests, degradation of fauna and flora, and high levels of morbidity and mortality among the population.

Transportation of coal in the Kuznetsk basin. The Kuznetsk coal basin is the undisputed leader in Russia in terms of the scale of coal production

Coal mining

Coal mining method

Geological history

Characteristics of the pool area

Characteristics of coal

Application

Largest coal companies

The most important coal mining enterprises

Problems

Literature

see also

Notes

Links

Kuznetsk coal basin Information About

Test

Arkhangelsk