Frame houses have earned popularity due to their cost and reliability. It is important to know that depending on the period of operation, there are differences in the design of walls and roofs. Frame houses designed for winter accommodation, must be sufficiently insulated. This is the only way to ensure the comfort of permanent residence in them.
Why is insulation necessary?
By itself, a frame house cannot provide the required resistance of the roof, walls and ceilings to heat leakage from the premises. Living in such a house is uncomfortable; the air temperature in the rooms does not meet the standards. In addition, dampness and even mold appear on the walls.
In order to live in a house without fear for your own health, the thickness of its walls must differ from that of a summer house. Winter frame houses are more serious buildings. In addition, with insufficient insulation, heating costs increase sharply, which will not please residents.
How to insulate?
There are different requirements for insulating walls, roofs and ceilings. For example, when insulating a floor Special attention focuses on the strength and rigidity of materials. It is important to choose lightweight thermal insulators for the roof. When insulating walls there are no special requirements; the following types of heat-insulating materials can be used:
- mineral wool (slabs and mats);
- Styrofoam;
- extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex);
- polyurethane foam (foam).
The installation technology of all these materials is similar, the only differences are mineral wool, but this will be discussed later.
Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages, but all of the above types relate to modern insulation materials with a high degree of efficiency.
Calculation of material thickness
The thermal insulators listed in the previous paragraph have approximately same values thermal conductivity, which means that their thermal insulation abilities are also comparable. A frame house for long-term living must be properly insulated, and for this you will need to select the thickness of the heat insulator. The value depends on the climatic region. For most of the country, a layer of 100 mm can be used.
Calculation of insulation for walls frame house
To live in a house you could maximum comfort, perform a full thermotechnical calculation. To do this, it is not necessary to study mountains of regulatory documentation and delve into the principles of calculation.
Now there is a simple program “Teremok”, which performs a full calculation based on regulatory documentation. With its help, the thickness is selected in a few minutes. You can install the program on your computer (free and open access) or use the online version.
To calculate you will need:
- thickness of all layers except insulation;
- thermal conductivity of all materials.
The thermal conductivity of the insulation is indicated by the manufacturer. For wood, take 0.15 W/m*ᵒC (pine across the grain). The internal and external cladding is also taken into account (for mineral wool, the external cladding located after the ventilated layer does not need to be taken into account). Once the thickness has been selected, you can buy the material and get to work.
How to insulate?
According to the technology, thermal insulation material is placed in the gaps of the wall frame. Load-bearing wall elements can be made of wood or steel. The work is carried out in several stages.
Preparatory
It will not take much time, but will significantly increase the quality of work. Before starting work, the wall frame is cleaned of construction waste, dirt and dust. Next, the walls are inspected for the presence of protruding fasteners that could damage the insulating material.
Protruding nails are driven in with a hammer.
All cracks in the frame are insulated polyurethane foam. The moisture content of the wood is checked; if the wall frame elements are damp, they should be dried construction hairdryer. Next, the next stage of work begins.
Waterproofing and vapor barrier
Protection of the wall frame from moisture is required in the following places:
Scheme of vapor barrier for walls of a frame house - resting the wall on the foundations (at the junction of elements made of materials of different properties, horizontal waterproofing);
- With outside walls, on top of insulation to protect against atmospheric moisture;
- With inside A vapor barrier is installed on the walls to protect against moisture coming from inside the room (warm steam).
Vertical waterproofing and vapor barrier is especially necessary when using mineral wool, since of all the wall materials presented above, it has the most high degree water absorption. Also, do not neglect these measures when insulating with polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam. Perhaps the only material that can cope with moisture on its own is penoplex.
Thermal insulation
The insulation is installed between the studs of the wall frame. The distance between the load-bearing elements is selected so as to ensure easy installation, namely:
- 580 mm clear between mineral wool posts;
- 600 mm for polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam;
- for polyurethane foam, the distance does not matter much.
Diagram of the principle of operation of insulation in a wall The mineral wool is secured with dowels. It is important that there are no gaps between the racks and the heat insulator through which cold can penetrate. For foam plastic, you can use special nails or glue. Polyurethane foam is held in place by its own adhesion to the surface and penetration into small crevices of the structure.
Sheathing
At this stage, differences in technology for different materials occur. Unlike all the others, mineral wool does not allow the sheathing to be attached directly to it. It is necessary to provide an air-ventilated layer of the wall to remove excess moisture. The layer is located after the waterproofing; its thickness is 5-10 cm.
Sheathing scheme for a frame house Polyurethane and polystyrene allow you to install wall sheathing without ventilation gap. After completing the cladding of the frame house, the thermal insulation work is completed.
Important! When using polyurethane foam and mineral wool, do not forget about protective equipment: overalls, gloves and mask. Particles of these materials can come into contact with the skin and lungs and cause serious irritation.
Thermal insulation of floors and roofs
To build a frame house for winter living, it is also important not to forget about reliable insulation of the first floor ceiling and mansard roof. If the house has cold attic, then the thermal insulation is installed in the ceiling pie of the upper floor.
Thermal insulation of the attic of a frame house Rigid mineral wool slabs are most often used for roofing. To ensure ease of installation, the pitch of the rafters is predetermined so that there is a clear distance of 580 mm between them. Thermal insulation is fixed after installing the waterproofing and sheathing.
Insulation of the ground floor floor must be done using durable, wrinkle-resistant material. Penoplex would be an excellent solution. If the insulation does not have high rigidity and strength, install it between the joists. To do this, boards or bars are fixed to the floor, which will take the load from people and furniture, and a heat insulator is placed between them.
Proper insulation of the frame will make the house a comfortable and economical home.
The haphazard, - there is no other way to describe it, "patchwork" insulation of houses, which can be seen throughout the country, the most different insulation materials, of different thicknesses and using the most incomprehensible “technologies” - they do not give practically any expected effect from the money spent on these processes.
Only specialists - designers and constructors - can correctly calculate the required diagram insulation for a specific building in each specific climatic region of Ukraine.
We repeat: in Ukraine there is DBN V.2.6-31:2006 “Thermal insulation building”, according to which the minimum permissible values of heat transfer resistance of building envelopes of residential and public buildings. That is, this DBN sets the minimum required thermophysical characteristics of the insulation layer, at which the apartments become truly warm.
In the first temperature zone of Ukraine, which includes Kyiv, minimum thickness insulation must be at least 100 millimeters. Only starting from this figure and above will you get the effect you are counting on.
However, in many cases, when a decision is made to insulate an apartment from the outside, the customer poses the following questions:
- is 50 mm insulation thickness sufficient?
- is it necessary to spend money on 100 mm insulation;
- does increasing the thickness of the insulation above 50 millimeters have any noticeable effect?
We continue to consider what happens when the thickness of the insulation increases, over 100 millimeters (for the first temperature zone of Ukraine).
Let us recall what we said in the previous material - to calculate proper insulation, you need to know the following values:
Heat transfer resistance ( thermal resistance) the enclosing structure, that is, load-bearing wall building;
Thermal conductivity coefficient of the building envelope;
The thermal conductivity coefficient of the material that is planned to be used as insulation;
The thermal conductivity coefficient of the enclosing material, that is, the supporting structure;
The thickness of the wall of the enclosing (load-bearing) structure.
In addition, the heat transfer resistance (thermal resistance) of the enclosing structure is equal to the sum of the heat transfer resistances of the materials of which it consists. This means, for example, that if a brick wall is insulated with mineral wool, then its heat transfer resistance is the sum of these values - brick and mineral wool
Today, we are considering the processes that occur when the thickness of mineral wool increases on brick and panel facades of multi-story buildings. We remind you: the calculation of the effectiveness of increasing the thickness of the insulation will be made on 1 sq.m of insulated surface.
Option three. Mineral wool on a brick facade
According to DBN V.2.6-31:2006 “Thermal insulation building”, the above-mentioned thermophysical characteristics of the carrier brick wall and mineral wool of different thicknesses can be summarized in the following table:
Moreover, the calculated annual heat costs given in the table, measured in gigacalories per year, consist of two values: standard, which must comply with DBN V.2.6-31:2006, as well as real (exceeding standard) - due to heat leaks:
The above figures, the ratio of standard and excess heat costs per 1 sq. m brick facade, can be represented as a graph
In this case, we observe a picture similar to the one we described in the previous article: with a thickness of insulation (mineral wool) of 50 mm, the standard and real heat costs for heating one square meter The walls are practically equal.
From here, a very important conclusion follows: insulating a brick wall with 50 mm thick mineral wool gives absolutely no effect.
Only when the insulation thickness increases above 50 millimeters does a noticeable effect occur. When the insulation thickness is doubled - up to 100 mm, excess heat costs are reduced by 3.42 times, and with a further increase - already at 140 mm, heat losses are reduced to zero.
Option four. Mineral wool on a panel facade
In this case, all calculations are similar, only the thermophysical characteristics, according to DBN V.2.6-31:2006 “Thermal insulation building”, bearing panel wall and mineral wool of different thicknesses have the following meanings:
Here, too, the calculated annual heat consumption, measured in gigacalories per year, consists of two values: standard, which must comply with DBN V.2.6-31:2006, as well as real (exceeding standard) - due to heat leaks:
The above figures, the ratio of standard and excess heat costs per 1 sq. m of panel facade, can be represented in the form of a graph
This also leads to a very important conclusion: when a panel façade is insulated with a 50 mm layer of mineral wool, the insulation effect is practically zero
At 100 millimeters, excess heat consumption is reduced by 3.7 times. With a further increase in the insulation layer, already at 140 mm - heat losses are so small that they can be neglected.
Below are photographs of houses insulated with mineral wool, strictly in accordance with the requirements of DBN V.2.6-31:2006 “Thermal insulation building”, taking into account all the thermophysical laws described in this material.
With. Bugaevka, Kyiv region
Multi-storey building on Olevskaya street, Kyiv
N.I. Pichugin, chief engineer of the group of companies Armabud LTD LLC
The correct choice of insulation is one of the most important tasks during construction. own home, since the coziness and comfort of living depends on this. It does not matter whether the building will be used all year or only during a certain period. The issue of thermal insulation of buildings must be approached with maximum responsibility, since in winter the insulation protects the room from the cold, and in summer – from high temperatures. To provide high-quality thermal insulation you need to pay attention to the characteristics of mineral wool. One of the main characteristics is the thickness of mineral wool.
Contents of the article about the thickness of mineral wool
Requirements for the thickness of mineral wool
The chemical composition determines its main properties - high durability and non-flammability. It is also important that in the event of a fire, mineral wool products prevent the spread of fire. They are often used not only for thermal insulation, but also as fire insulation and fire protection.
The resistance of the material to high temperatures depends on the thickness of the mineral wool. Cotton fibers of the material made from minerals can withstand temperatures of more than 1000°C, and the organic connecting component is destroyed from 250°C. When exposed to high temperatures, mineral fibers are not damaged and remain connected to each other. Thanks to this property, the material protects from fire and retains its original strength. The greater the thickness of the mineral wool, the higher the level of fire resistance.
According to building regulations, for the external walls of houses in Moscow and the Moscow region, it is necessary to lay insulation with a thickness of 120 to 140 mm (this depends on the characteristics of the specific material). Considering the fact that insulation is often produced in a thickness that is a multiple of 50 mm, then 150 mm is more than enough for thermal insulation of residential buildings in the Central region of Russia.
When insulating the upper floors of structures located in the Moscow region, it is necessary to use insulation with a thickness of 150-200 mm.
Thickness of Isover mineral wool products
| Material | Type | Purpose | Thickness, mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isover frame-P32 | plate | insulation of frame structures | 40-150 |
| Isover frame-P34, P37 | plate | 40-200 | |
| Isover frame-M34, M37 | mat | 40-200 | |
| Isover frame-P40, P40-AL | mat | 50-200 | |
| Isover Soundproofing | plate | soundproofing of partitions, ceilings and walls from the inside | 50-200 |
| Isover Floating Floor | plate | floating floor soundproofing | 20-50 |
| Isover pitched roof | plate | pitched roof insulation | 50-200 |
| Isover OL-TOP | hard slab | insulation flat roof | 30 |
| Isover OL-E | plate | wall insulation under plaster | 50-170 |
| Isover Plaster facade | plate | 50-200 |
ISOVER – popular brand high quality thermal insulation materials, which are produced by the Saint-Gobain Isover company. Izover mineral wool insulation has excellent properties: low thermal conductivity of mineral wool, high level sound insulation and environmental safety. As for the thickness of Izover mineral wool, this characteristic differs depending on the type and purpose of the material.
Thickness of Izover mineral wool for roofing
For thermal insulation of flat roofs, Isover OL-TOP mineral wool with a thickness of 30 mm is used. This thickness is sufficient for this type of work. To insulate pitched roofs, the manufacturer produces Isover slabs Pitched Roof thickness from 50 to 200 mm. By the way, you can read about roof insulation in another article.
Thickness of mineral wool for thermal insulation of facades
Insulation of facades – not an easy task, and here it is very important to choose the right insulation. Their thermal insulation is described in the article Insulation of facades with mineral wool. Let's just say that for insulating walls with a plaster coating, rigid slabs Isover OL-E with a thickness of 50-200 mm and Isover Plaster facade with a thickness of 50-170 mm are suitable. To insulate walls with a ventilated gap, Isover VentFasad bottom slabs (bottom layer, 30 mm), Isover VentFasad top ( upper layer, 50-200 mm) and single-layer insulation Isover VentFacade mono with a thickness of 50-200 mm.
Insulation of frame structures
The most important stage in finishing any room is insulating the floors. Many people underestimate the amount of heat loss through the floor, but properly selected insulation can save up to 30% of energy on heating. Particularly large savings are achieved when using a heated floor system, which simply needs to be insulated from below so that it does not heat the floors or the ground.
Choosing the type of insulation that is best suited for your room is only half the battle. It is important that the insulation layer is of sufficient thickness, because even the most best insulation will not provide sufficient thermal insulation if laid in too thin a layer. On the other hand, an excessively thick layer of insulation reduces the height of the ceilings in the room and is an unjustified waste of money.
It is important to understand that the required thickness of insulation depends on climatic conditions in your area. It is obvious that when using the same insulation in houses of the same type in Sochi and Norilsk, it will be necessary to completely different thickness layer. Therefore, you need to take into account that all recommendations in the article are given for a typical climate middle zone Russia, where winter temperatures rarely drop below -25 degrees. If you live in a milder or more severe climate, then the recommendations need to be adjusted up or down.
Let's consider the main types of thermal insulation and the required layer thickness when used in various types floors.
Usually this word refers to foamed polystyrene and extruded polystyrene (penoplex). By chemical composition and thermal insulation properties of these materials are practically the same, however, penoplex has much greater bending strength and resistance to crumbling than traditional polystyrene foam. For this reason, recently most consumers are abandoning foamed polystyrene (foam) in favor of extruded polystyrene (penoplex).
The advantage of this type of thermal insulation is low price, ease of installation and moisture resistance. The disadvantages include the flammability of this material, and when polystyrene burns, it releases a large number of toxic substances.
Polystyrene slabs are produced in thicknesses from 5 mm to 50 mm; a special chamfer is made on the edges of the slabs so that during installation, gaps and, consequently, “cold paths” do not appear at the joints.
If a layer thickness of more than 50 mm is required, then two or even three layers of polystyrene are laid, with each new layer being laid offset relative to the previous one so that the joints of the slabs of the upper row fall on the centers of the slabs of the lower one.
When insulating a floor located directly above the ground, the foam layer must be at least 300 mm for a house with a wooden floor, and 200 mm for a house with self-leveling concrete floors. You should lay at least 4 layers of the thickest foam panels, offset from each other.
If there is under the floor cold basement, then the foam layer can be reduced by 50mm.
To insulate floors between floors of a private house, 150 mm of foam is enough for wooden floors and 100 mm for concrete floors.
If you are insulating floors in an apartment building, then for all floors except the first it is enough to lay one layer of foam plastic 50 mm thick. On the ground floor the thickness can be increased to 80-100 mm.
| Index | Polyspen | Polyspen Standard | Polyspen 45 | Control method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density, kg/m3 | 30-38 | 30-38 | 38,1-45 | 5.6 each |
| Bending strength, MPa, not less | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 5.8 each |
| Water absorption in 24 hours, % by volume, no more | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 5.9 each |
| Thermal conductivity at 25+-5 degrees Celsius, W/m * °C, no more | 0,028 | 0,028 | 0,030 | at 5.10 |
| Toxicity, Hcl 50, g/m3 | T2 moderately hazardous | T2 moderately hazardous | T2 moderately hazardous | at 5.11 |
| Flammability group | G-3 normal-flammable | G-4 highly flammable | G-4 highly flammable | at 5.12 |
| Flammability group | B-2 moderately flammable | B-3 flammable | B-3 flammable | at 5.13 |
| Smoke coefficient | High smoke generating ability | High smoke generating ability | at 5.14 | |
| Compressive strength at 10% linear deformation, MPa, not less | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,3 | 5.7 each |
This liquid version polystyrene foam, which has the same pros and cons as the solid version. Its advantage is that it can be poured into hard to reach places and after hardening forms monolithic coating no seams.
The disadvantages include the fact that you need to think about the method of supplying penoizol for pouring, on high floors this could be a problem. In most cases, penoizol is used at the stage of construction of private houses, when insulating floors in apartment buildings It is more convenient to use polystyrene foam and penoplex.
The required thickness of the penoizol layer is the same as that of solid foam.
Glass wool and mineral wool
Perhaps this is one of the most budget options thermal insulation. In addition to its low price, cotton wool does not burn at all and has good vapor permeability, so it is excellent for insulating wooden floors. This is where the advantages of this material end. The disadvantages include the fact that cotton wool tends to accumulate moisture and this causes rotting and mold growth, the second disadvantage is that over time the wool crumbles if the thermal insulation layer under the floor is not sealed tightly enough, as a result, particles of fibers can pass through the finishing coating become airborne and cause respiratory irritation. Also, wool has very low strength, easily breaks and deforms, which makes it impossible to use it under a concrete screed.
Despite the disadvantages, mineral wool is quite widely used as insulation, usually in wooden floors.
Most manufacturers produce glass wool and mineral wool in rolls or sheets with a thickness of 50 to 200 mm. Sheets can be laid in several layers with offset joints for better thermal insulation.
To use mineral wool on the first floors located above the ground, very good waterproofing. Cotton wool instantly absorbs moisture, after which it loses its thermal insulation properties. For this reason, it is better to use foam plastic for thermal insulation of the first floors. If for some reason it is still necessary to use mineral wool, then its layer should be at least 400 mm.
If there is a basement under the floor of the first floor, then a layer of mineral wool 300 mm thick is sufficient.
When insulating wooden floors between floors of a private house, the layer of wool must be at least 200 mm, and in wooden floors apartment buildings A thickness of 100 mm is sufficient.
| Name | Advantages | Minuses | Thermal conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sawdust | Cheap, environmentally friendly material, lightweight | Flammability, susceptibility to rotting | 0.090-0.180 W/mK |
| Eco-friendly, durable material, not subject to rotting, non-flammable | Heavy weight, fragility | 0.148 W/mK | |
| Does not rot, is waterproof, lightweight and easy to install | Low vapor permeability, cannot withstand high temperatures, releases toxins when melted | 0.035-0.047 W/mK | |
| Mineral wool | Low thermal conductivity, easy to install, environmentally friendly, fireproof | When moistened, it shrinks and loses its insulating properties. | 0.039 W/mK |
This material is very similar in characteristics to mineral wool, but is made from cellulose fibers, therefore it is absolutely safe for health. Just like mineral wool, ecowool is afraid of water and is easily deformed. Therefore, in most cases it is used to insulate wooden floors between floors.
The big advantage of ecowool is that it is installed by spraying under pressure from a special pipe. Thus, the insulation can be “blown out” under the already assembled floor; for this you only need to make several small technological holes.
The required thickness of the ecowool layer corresponds to the thickness of the mineral wool layer, all other things being equal.
Cork material
The main advantage of natural cork insulation is the extremely high sound insulation of the coating. The high price of the material is compensated by the fact that you simultaneously solve the problem of heat and sound insulation. In addition, cork insulation almost does not burn, is not afraid of moisture, is resistant to rotting and is extremely durable, which allows it to be used as insulation under self-leveling floors.
Due to its rather beautiful texture, cork insulation is sometimes left even as a finishing coating. In this case, the top layer is covered with a special varnish, which protects it and at the same time emphasizes the design.
Cork insulation is available in rolls and sheets with thicknesses from 3 mm to 200 mm. Sheets of maximum thickness allow you to insulate floors above the ground in just one layer, but at the same time they are very expensive. The cost per square meter of thick cork insulation can reach up to 5,000 rubles. For this reason, cork insulation on the first floors of buildings is rarely used.
The thickness of cork insulation on the ground floor of a private house with concrete floors must be at least 100 mm, in floors between floors with concrete floors A layer of 50 mm is enough; if the floors are wooden, then the layer needs to be increased to 70 mm. In an apartment building, cork insulation is laid in a layer of 10 mm to 30 mm; this is quite enough for effective thermal insulation and complete sound insulation from neighbors below.
Video - Cork insulation
It's comparative new material for insulation, it combines the strength of concrete and the lightness of polystyrene. The material has excellent heat and sound insulation properties and at the same time is strong tie. It is ideal for thermal insulation of large rooms as it is very easy to pour and level, team experienced craftsmen per day can pour up to 500 m2 of polystyrene concrete.
Due to its low weight, polystyrene concrete does not place a large load on the floors, unlike traditional liquid screed. It does not require waterproofing or additional insulation. You can lay tiles or laminate on a thick backing directly on top of polystyrene concrete. For styling soft coverings, such as carpet or linoleum, a thin layer of traditional screed, no more than 30 mm thick, is poured over the insulation.
For effective thermal insulation of the first floors of private houses, 300 mm of polystyrene concrete above the ground is sufficient; if there is a basement under the floor, then the layer can be reduced to 200 mm. 100 mm of insulation is usually poured into the floors between the floors of private houses; in apartment buildings, a layer of 50 mm is sufficient.
| General characteristics of polystyrene concrete | Values |
|---|---|
| Flammability group | G1 |
| Density | from 150 to 600 kg/m³ |
| Frost resistance | from F35 to F300 |
| Strength characteristics | from M2 to B2.5 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity | ranging from 0.055 to 0.145 W/m °C |
| Vapor permeability of polystyrene concrete | 0.05 mg/(m h Pa) |
Expanded clay is a popular thermal insulation material used in wooden floors and floors with dry screed based on gypsum fiber board. In the latter case, in addition to thermal insulation, it is also a leveling material.
Expanded clay is one of the cheapest materials for thermal insulation; it does not burn, is safe for health and is lightweight. At the same time, it easily absorbs water, which reduces its thermal insulation properties and significantly increases its weight. Therefore, the use of expanded clay requires reliable waterproofing. Another disadvantage of expanded clay is that when working with it, a large amount of dust rises into the air.
Using expanded clay for insulation. The photo shows expanded clay being poured with lean concrete
For effective thermal insulation of the first floors of buildings from the ground, the expanded clay layer must be at least 400 mm when using wooden floors and 300 mm when using concrete floors.
Between the floors of private houses, at least 200 mm of expanded clay should be poured into the floors at wooden floors and 150 mm for concrete. In apartment buildings, a layer of expanded clay of 50-80 mm is sufficient.
| Indicators | 10-20 mm | 5-10 mm | 0-5 mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bulk density, kg/m3 | 280-370 | 300-400 | 500-700 |
| Crushing strength, N/mm2 (MPa) | 1-1,8 | 1,2-2 | 3-4 |
| Grading, % | 4 | 8 | 0 |
| Frost resistance 20 cycles, gravel weight loss, % | 0,4-2 | 0,2-1,2 | not regulated |
| Percentage of crushed particles, % | 3-10 | 3-10 | No |
| Thermal conductivity, W/m*K | 0,0912 | 0,0912 | 0,1099 |
| Water absorption, mm | 250 | 250 | 290 |
| Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, Bq/kg | 270 | 270 | 290 |
Video - Thickness of floor insulation
Construction frame houses− the technology is still quite unusual for our latitudes, but it has already become popular in many countries with different climatic conditions.
And it’s not surprising, because frame houses are designed for temperatures from
-50° to +50°С! And the service life is at least 80-100 years!
This has been tested in practice in Canada. Frame houses have been built there for many years. Now about 80% of the population lives in them.
Uninitiated people are still surprised: to build a reliable and comfortable home in just a week - how is this possible? − this is precisely the technology that allows you to incredibly quickly build a building of any size that is completely ready for habitation.
By the way, in modular structures you can arrange all amenities
that you wish to have. Bathroom, fireplace, bay window, heated floor - almost all achievements of civilization can be equipped. The main thing is to take these wishes into account at the stage frame house construction project and make appropriate amendments in accordance with SNiP.
Thermal comfort
It is worth noting that the choice of building and thermal insulation materials depends on the needs of the customer. For example, country house will be used exclusively in the warm season, and in winter only occasionally (or not at all). Therefore, cheaper materials can be used. But for a full-fledged residential building, of course, it’s not worth saving. A frame house will prove to be a champion in both hot and cold weather!
in winter
modular houses retain heat well thanks to sophisticated thermal insulation techniques. Practice shows that at an outside temperature of -20°C, the house cools down only by 2° per day.
In summer
frame houses, unlike stone ones, do not heat up in the sun and do not transfer temperature to the interior. Therefore, in the hot season it is also comfortable in such a house.
By the way, a solid residential building, no matter what method it is built by, provides a ventilation, air conditioning and heating system. That's why comfortable accommodation it is guaranteed.
As you can see, you can cast aside all doubts about the practicality and quality of construction of frame houses. The technology has been tested abroad in countries with similar climates and has already been tested in the CIS.