The welded frame of a metal building is a durable and strong internal skeleton of the structure. The advantages of such frame structures made of metal - lightness, strength, relative simplicity, high production and installation rates, mobility and independence from the access road to the installation site, ease of integration into any space. The metal frame of the building is perfectly compatible with the simplest block and pile foundation, and is also easy to complete, configure and rebuild. The material of the metal frame of the building is profile pipe; angle and channel are less commonly used.
The metal frame of the building includes bottom trim, top harness and racks between them. It is very easy to provide doors, openings, windows and metal sheathing roofs and floors. A frame building made of metal can be sheathed with corrugated sheets, wood, or sandwich panels. The metal frame is very easy and convenient to sheathe and insulate. Metal frame for a building
Advantages of metal frame buildings:
- Buildings erected using metal frame technology are characterized by low cost (if compared with buildings constructed using traditional technology). The cost of the structure mainly depends on the materials used. The cheapest houses today are on wooden frames. The cost of houses with a frame made of profile pipes is much higher, and their price is directly proportional to the cross-section of the pipe. After all, for example, bending a profile pipe is a rather labor-intensive operation and is not cheap.
- High speed metal construction frame construction. Using a profile for the frame as the main material can reduce the construction time of a building several times.
- The absence of so-called “wet” processes in the technology of constructing residential buildings using a frame (except for laying the foundation). This allows installation of frame buildings at any time of the year and regardless of weather conditions.
- Making metal structures with your own hands ensures the absence of any shrinkage - not only during construction, but also during operation of the structure.
Construction of a house with a frame made of profile pipes
When creating a house from metal structures using your own hands, the most optimal solution will use a frame made of profile pipe. Despite its apparent simplicity, such a frame will have enough complex design. It is necessary to have a foundation that will be lighter than with normal construction. Here it is worth paying attention to the fact that without a foundation, structures can be created that will later move from one place to another, for example, greenhouses or greenhouses.
In this case, appropriate adjustments should be made to the calculation of the profile pipe. Typically, profile pipes are used for the frame of a residential building. square section size 60x60 or 100x100 mm. You can determine the pipe size more accurately by knowing the dimensions of your house and using a profile pipe calculator. , performed outside production premises, must be carried out in compliance with all necessary safety requirements.
We manufacture frame elements from profile pipes as follows:
- We take the pipes and, if necessary, cut off the part from them that is needed for installation of the structure.
- We bend the pipes if they need to be given an arched shape, having previously calculated the radius of curvature. This operation can be done using special tool – manual pipe bender, or contact a specialized workshop where the pipes can be bent on a pipe bending machine.
- We weld the resulting frame elements according to the requirements of the drawing for the metal structure.
For interior decoration the most optimal solution would be to use tongue-and-groove boards from coniferous species wood having a width of 40-60 mm. The board must be treated with antiseptics and antipyretics (substances that reduce the flammability of wood). For the subfloor, you can use a board laid on top of logs from the same profile pipe. Any profile covering can be laid on top of the subfloor. Extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 60-100 mm is a good choice as insulation. And the frame racks made of profile pipes can be additionally thermally insulated with strips of foam insulation.
For exterior finishing you can use siding or facade plaster, and if finances allow, then natural wood. Proper processing metal pipes allows you to make a roof from them not only as separate design, but also as a frame element. Calculation of a profile pipe for manufacturing roof rafters carried out taking into account the planned roofing: a lightweight roof with a large angle allows the use of thinner pipes.
Construction of a metal frame for the construction of a garage
When creating metal structures using your own hands, you need to take into account that this design must be very rigid, strong and stable. The material for the frame can be a corner large section. It is better to fasten the frame elements by welding, but you can also use a nut-and-bolt connection by drilling holes for fasteners with a hammer drill.
The assembly of the metal frame must be carried out on the construction site. First, the lower frame is mounted, which is attached at the corners to the pins protruding from the foundation - this ensures its immobility. Then corner posts are installed, connected at the top by ceiling purlins.
Vertical posts are installed along the back and side walls of the metal structure made by hand, which will ensure the rigidity of the structure and will serve as lathing for installing wall cladding. There should be a distance between the racks equal to the width of the sheathing sheet, or be slightly less by 3-5 cm if installation with overlap is provided.
IN modern construction for a long time metal structures were used for the construction non-residential premises. In the process of improving technology, metal frame house projects, which have low thermal conductivity, high reliability and low cost. These technologies, keeping up with the times, make it possible to build quality housing as soon as possible.
Metal frame house and its advantages
For a project to be in demand, it must satisfy the basic requirements of consumers. Such houses have a lot of advantages and positive characteristics.
Main advantages:
- DomaSV company guarantees fast construction frame and the whole house (on average 2 months);
- attractive appearance;
- By contacting our company, you can order construction of metal frame houses, it takes place using the minimum work force, due to this, cost savings occur;
- ease of implementation finishing works;
- does not require the construction of a massive foundation;
- heating does not require a lot of money, savings in operation are obvious;
- strength and durability of the structure (preliminary data indicate a hundred-year service life);
- use of environmentally friendly finishing materials during installation;
- withstands seismic activity up to 9 points, the ability to withstand in such zones is due to the elastic frame;
- the opportunity to bring to life the most sophisticated design solutions brick houses;
- ease of repair: simple and inexpensive;
- high noise insulation and low thermal conductivity;
- construction works are held regardless of the season.
Turnkey metal frame house from the DomaSV company - comfortable, warm and high-quality housing. Everyone who has come across such a design is satisfied, because it is not only a cozy nest, but also a very profitable project from an economic point of view. You can also check out
Progressive modern technologies step by step enter into daily life. Construction is no exception. In search of the golden mean between price and quality, it deserves special attention a private house from a metal frame.
Lightweight steel thin-walled structures, LSTK, developed in Canada in the mid-50s of the last century. The technology was conceived as an alternative to frame houses.
An almost similar principle of easy, quick construction of a warm, durable building was complemented by the properties of metal. Unlike wood, metal not treated with antiseptics, the frame is durable and does not react to changes in humidity. In addition, on-site rework was kept to a minimum.
LSTC technology is distinguished by:
- increased energy saving measures;
- quick assembly without the use of construction machines;
- construction in winter;
- small staff;
- absence of construction waste;
- possibility of complete dismantling of the building.
TO shortcomings technology is one of its positive qualities– light weight. In areas with heaving soils During prolonged frosts, the freezing soil expands, pushing out a structure that does not have sufficient mass. Foundation operated in difficult conditions, calculated especially carefully.
A unified set of rules for the construction of LSTK buildings in Russia on this moment does not exist.
If, in pursuit of profit, manufacturers reduce the thickness of the profile and the amount of zinc for processing - this does not meet the standard that should be regulated by certain construction projects.
Important! It is necessary to choose a production facility that fully complies with the technology. The quality indicator is written guarantee for components and labor.
There are also architectural restrictions - the wall of the second floor can only rest on the wall of the first floor. It is prohibited to rest the structure on the ceiling.
What is a metal frame house made of?
The main element of LSTK is thin-walled galvanized profile, solid or perforated. Frame made of thin metal profiles with proper calculation it becomes a reliable supporting structure. Galvanized profile does not oxidize, does not deform, does not rot.
The floor of any floor can withstand a load of up to 1000 kg. This indicator is comparable to the load-bearing capacity of reinforced reinforced concrete slab. Layers of insulation dampen sound waves and vibration.
Some profiles are perforated to reduce heat transfer and avoid "cold bridges", do not allow the heat to escape. The thickness of the profile offered by the market ranges from 0.75-3 mm.
The frame made of profiles is insulated, the outside is laid with two layers of gypsum fiber, after which the outer cladding is attached.
The outside of metal frame buildings is finished with:
- siding, metal or vinyl;
- OSB, DSP boards, followed by finishing with plaster;
- metal profiled sheet;
- brickwork.
From the side of the room it is laid vapor barrier film, covered with interior finishing material. Between the film and the fence leave an air gap.
As a rule, for the inner surface of the wall they use GVL sheets, finishing plasterboard sheets as desired.
For insulation, only non-flammable materials are used - mineral wool, extruded polystyrene foam.
Wall and frame elements are assembled on mechanized assembly tables and delivered to construction site large-sized parts or individual racks, adjusted to the millimeter.
The thickness of the walls depends on the climatic region, varies within 150-300 mm, the number of storeys is limited to six.
Development of a metal frame house project
Typical projects using LSTC technology have been standardized, all that remains is to choose best option with the required climatic characteristics.
Individual house project performed by the manufacturer. The first stage will be the creation of technical specifications for the project. Technical task determines the desired size of the building in the axes, number of storeys, layout features, main and Decoration Materials buildings.
In places where wall furniture is attached, hanging cabinets, provide in advance for strengthening the rigidity of the wall with additional profiles.
On average, calculation of a private house project takes 2-5 business days. Miscalculations, errors, disproportionality, inconsistency of parts must be eliminated in a factory manner. Sometimes on forums the characteristic clicking sound of the frame when heated is discussed.
note
Profile cracking in the sun is possible only due to errors in installation, trimming of the profile, or installation of additional holes.
Properly mounted, unmodified profiles do not produce sounds.
Foundation for a house made of metal profiles
The structural type of foundation for a house made of light steel frames should be taken according to local conditions of geological composition and the depth of winter freezing of the soil. Foundation under metal carcass new house do not strengthen, often erected independently. Weight square meter frame 30-45 kg, square meter finished panel about 70 kg.
The following design solutions for the foundation are optimal:
- tape monolithic. Reinforced concrete strip is poured around the perimeter, under the internal load-bearing walls building;
- columnar. The load is carried by evenly distributed pillars connected to each other at the top by a beam;
- bored pile. The house rests on piles embedded in drilled holes, also tied along the protruding heads;
- pile screw. Metal piles are screwed into the ground and scalded around the perimeter with a metal beam;
- slab monolithic foundation. A pit is opened under the entire area of the building, and a single reinforced slab is poured onto a sand bed.
The most expensive and labor-intensive of the listed structures is slab. Given the overall cost-effectiveness of a building project made from LSTK, slab foundation is being built only on complex moving peat soils , where, under these conditions, another design is impossible.
Strip foundation most common for individual construction, combined with the construction of basements and ground floors.
Excavation of soil using a trench is physically easier for self-construction than drilling holes.
The bottom of the trench is lined, compacted with a sand cushion, formwork and reinforcement cage are installed.
The formwork is concreted in one go. Concrete mix kept until cured.
For installation screw piles construction equipment required, but this is the only way that is effective in winter period. By pressing and screwing in, the metal pile, coated with corrosion-resistant paint, is buried to the design point.
Choice of pile or columnar foundation eliminates the use of space under the house for basements, cellars, and ground floors.
The procedure for assembling an iron frame, features
On the finished foundation it is laid on mastic roll waterproofing in two layers. Installation frame house LSTC occurs in the following sequence:
- laying the lower binding profile;
- installation of wall studs, from the corner, controlling the verticality of the elements;
- installation of intermediate racks;
- overlapping fastening of the upper guide profiles;
- construction of a rafter system;
- laying electrical wiring and utility networks;
- installation facing materials with parallel insulation.
The strapping profile is attached to the foundation with anchors, the remaining joints are connected with self-tapping screws.
Special requirements apply to the electrical safety of the building. Wiring and disassembly points are carried out in strict accordance with the project. The rules for making connections, the grounding circuit, the power of automatic fuses and their number are strictly observed.
Important! The roof circuit must be grounded and a lightning rod installed.
Self-construction of a metal frame house
Frame installation one-story house from LSTK with an area of about 100 square meters takes 2-4 days when working together. Required tools just two: screwdriver and riveter.
The work is carried out strictly according to the instructions. The details are marked according to the assembly drawing and packaged separately.
Parts can be supplied in large units of high factory readiness, while the complexity of the work is reduced and the cost of the kit increases. The weight of the finished part does not exceed 100 kg, this is provided for ease of assembly.
If the profiles are not complete, the first step is to arrange the profiles that form one panel into stacks. The racks can be mounted either individually or assembled flat. After horizontal assembly, the panel is lifted and screwed to the lower binding profile.
Installation of window and doorways carried out after sewing the frame from the outside, before laying the insulation. The insulation must remain dry.
Important! When wet, mineral wool insulation loses its energy-saving and sound-proofing properties. Wet mineral wool emits an unpleasant odor when it dries.
TO finishing they begin immediately after the construction of the house frame, without interrupting construction for shrinkage of the building.
The frame of a prefabricated house can be “raised” not only from traditional wooden beams, but also from metal profiles. Thanks to modern technologies, for connection individual parts don't even need to use welding machine. With the help of fasteners, you can build a light steel thin-walled structure from them.
Advantages and disadvantages of LSTC
LSTK are profiles and sheets made of galvanized steel that are manufactured rolling method on factory equipment. Their thickness can reach 4 mm, which allows you to build a reliable, durable house.
Advantages of a metal frame
It is impossible to answer unequivocally which frame is better, metal and wooden structures- eternal competitors. The choice depends on the construction conditions and design features of the house. However, the advantages of thin-walled steel structures are significant:
- High speed of frame construction. The components arrive from the factory already cut in accordance with the design and labeled. This saves time and involves fewer workers.
- Reduced load on the foundation. Due to their low weight, thin-walled steel structures do not exert significant pressure on the foundation of the house. If the soil structure allows, you can also save money by laying a shallow foundation.
- Resistant to moisture. A galvanized steel frame can be assembled at any time of the year without fear of deformation or rotting, as is the case with wood.
- High strength indicators.
- Long service life, which can reach 120 years. It directly depends on the quality of metal profiles and the professionalism of assemblers.
In addition to the advantages of LSTK associated with installation and subsequent operation, there is one more thing - its components are convenient to transport.
Disadvantages of thin-walled steel structures
Disadvantages of steel profiles for frame construction there are, but they are not absolute.
- The cost of a finished LSTK can be twice as high as the cost of a wooden “skeleton” of a house. But you should remember that you don’t have to cut the racks, dispose of the leftovers and be afraid that you will connect something wrong.
- Steel structures are noisy. Yes, such a drawback exists, but it is reduced to “no” after laying insulation and covering the metal frame with plasterboard.
- Using steel profiles, it is difficult to implement a complex project on your own. This is not the case if it is worked out by experienced specialists.
- Absent solid foundation for fastening shelves in the interior, installing large furniture. The assembled frame is characterized by high spatial rigidity, but individually each profile is not strong enough. A detailed design project of residential premises will help solve the problem.
Thus, the shortcomings of the metal frame can be quite easily mitigated.
Types of profiles for thin-walled structures
To construct the frame, several types of metal profiles are used. Each of them has a specific purpose and carries a corresponding load. Those whose cross-section is based on the letter “P” are called channels.
Using a C-profile
The C-shaped profile is called a rack profile, since it is most often used as vertical posts in the construction of external walls. It is also used in roofing installations, internal partitions and floors.
The C-shaped element carries a large longitudinal load, therefore it has two stiffening ribs - bends on the side walls.
Average profile dimensions:
- height – 50-80 mm;
- width – 150-300 mm;
- thickness – 1-4 mm.
Initial workpiece – solid steel beam. However, technological holes can be made in it, for example, for laying communications.
U-shaped steel profile
A U-shaped profile, the corresponding shape of which is given on a machine, is called a guide or starting profile. It is to this that the vertical posts of the external walls are attached.
It is also used for:
- installation of the rafter system;
- installation of internal partitions;
- strengthening wall purlins;
- assembly of frame elements;
- installation of window sill jumpers.
The width of the channel varies in the range of 70-300 mm, thickness - 0.7-4 mm. The height of the side shelves is usually 50-65 mm.
A U-shaped metal frame element for a house can also be solid or perforated, with openings for communications.
Hat (PSh) or omega profile
The hat profile is widely used in the installation of ventilated facades, the installation of sheathing for roofing and cladding of external, interior walls. Fastening is carried out directly to the frame posts.
Typically, the thickness of the hat profile is less than that of the load-bearing elements of LGTS, and is 0.7-1.5 mm. However, this is enough to withstand the weight of tiles, corrugated sheets and other facing materials. But the height ranges from 28-61 mm.
Please note that perforation can only be applied to the side flanges of the profile.
Z- and sigma-profile for metal frame
The Z-profile plays an important role in the iron frame of a residential building. It is used as load-bearing purlins when constructing a roof, a guide in a ventilated façade, and when assembling a wall “pie” with insulation.
When constructing a roof, it successfully replaces a double C-shaped beam. It provides high load-bearing capacity of this part of the structure, even taking into account the snow load.
The width of the main shelf is 100-300 mm, the height of the side shelves is 40-80 mm, and the amount of their bend is 10-20 mm.
When constructing a frame house, the sigma profile is used as a crossbar and column. Due to its shape, it has increased bending resistance. Designed for high loads, suitable for the construction of large spans.
The width of the beam ranges from 80-300 mm, the height of the side shelves is 40-80 mm, and their bend is 10-20 mm.
Thermoprofiles - what makes them special
Thermoprofiles are perforated beams made of galvanized steel. Perforation is performed in the form of through rectangular holes located along them in a checkerboard pattern. The thickness of such beams usually does not exceed 2 mm.
The presence of holes complicates the path of heat flow and minimizes the number of “cold bridges”. When using thermal profiles The thermal conductivity of the metal decreases up to 80-90%. Insulated mineral wool and sheathed plasterboard sheet The external walls of metal frame buildings demonstrate excellent heat and sound insulation qualities.
Profile pipe or steel profile - which is better?
What to choose for a house on a metal frame: a profile pipe or a steel channel? This question invariably faces most builders, especially inexperienced ones. And when answering it, it is important to understand the fundamental difference between these two details.
For the construction of LSTK, a pipe with a square (100x100 mm) or rectangular (80x40 mm) cross-section is usually used. Thanks to the closed circuit, it is convenient to use, but at the same time it has several significant disadvantages.
- If the open ends of the pipe are not protected by anything, the inside will quickly succumb to moisture and rust.
- To connect the pipes you will need long fasteners. This will entail additional cash costs.
- The bending rigidity of pipes is less than that of channels.
So using profile pipes as the main element of the frame of a residential building seems controversial. However, they perfectly perform the function of racks in the construction of small-sized buildings - hangars, garages, etc.
Construction of a metal frame house
The construction of metal frame houses as individual housing is almost no different from similar work on the assembly of buildings made of timber. The node connections of the profiles and the fasteners used differ.
Main connecting nodes of LSTK
The steel frame consists of many node connections, but the main ones are distinguished, where high-quality fastening is especially important.
- Connection of racks to the foundation. Performed through the supporting element using anchor bolts.
- A truss truss, where sheet plates, gussets, and fasteners are used to assemble components.
- Compound roof truss And vertical stand frame. All the same fasteners, a nodal gusset and a brace are required for execution.
- Cornice between the wall and the roof. The difficulty here lies in the proper junction of two “pies” with hydro- and thermal insulation.
When working with wood, the word “fastener” is strongly associated with a self-tapping screw or nail. The situation with a metal frame is a little different.
How to connect metal frame parts
One of the options for connecting two steel elements frame - use of self-tapping screws with special threads. They are inserted into pre-made holes and screwed.
note: screw connections more suitable for non-demountable structures.
The disadvantages of using screws are the lack of clear regulation of work with them and the low load-bearing capacity of the frame. Bolts of normal accuracy win in this regard.
You can also use welding to build a house from a metal frame. However, this is a labor-intensive process that requires some skill. Thin-walled elements easy to damage during the joining process in this way.
So, a metal frame is a worthy alternative traditional timber. Steel structure not only is it not inferior to wood, but in some respects it is superior to it. Many types of work can also be done with your own hands. But the more complex the project, the more specialists will have to be involved.
Video: full cycle of frame assembly
Frame houses have become popular recently, and the materials used to make them are varied.
Main criteria underlying the selection building materials– this is sufficient strength, durability, safety for human life, water resistance, heat protection, and high resistance to. Standard option- This . About 85% of residents of European countries and the USA live in frame-type houses with metal profiles. In the regions of Russia, steel frames were previously used in the construction of industrial buildings, warehouse hangars and workshops. Today it is most often used in the construction of residential buildings.
The base of this type of house is made entirely of metal. The frame of all floors is made from it, as well as. The thickness of the profiles used and their shape are different for each specific case, because they experience different external loads.
These buildings have certain features:
- a lightweight metal frame for a house significantly reduces the weight of the structure;
- accelerated construction time: due to straightness steel profile you don’t need a level, a special square, a plumb line and a drill;
- reliable insulation protects against thermal shocks.
Typically, the space between everyone wall panels filled with foam concrete or aerated concrete. You can use polyurethane foam insulation. For this purpose, a certain spraying method is used.
The space that we filled should form a special dense layer that reliably and efficiently retains heat. It is necessary to fill all cavities inside the metal profiles with foam, and that’s it. problem areas. Insulation material It should be of high quality and form a dense coating when hardened.
Stone finishingFor registration frame walls houses use all common finishing building materials.
For their decoration, you can only use painting and plaster. An original solution The finish will look like natural stone.
Finishing with silicate or decorative bricks, .
Cost of a frame house made of metal profile
The cost of a house with a metal frame will consist of the cost of the following important indicators:
- project;
- materials;
- construction and installation works.
When purchasing a certain house assembly, the price will decrease due to the exclusion custom development plan. But even a standard common project has its own price. The cost of building materials and work does not exceed the price of houses made of wood.
For example, the cost two-story house 6x6 m of panels with a rough finish will cost about 700 thousand rubles. If you choose to assemble it yourself, you can save a lot.