Stationary equipment for lubrication and filling operations. Refueling equipment

1. Lubrication and filling works

2. Equipment classification

3. Equipment samples

Bibliography

Lubrication and filling works

Lubrication and refueling work is intended to reduce wear and resistance in friction units, as well as to ensure the normal functioning of systems containing technical fluids and lubricants. Operations of replacing engine and transmission oils, injecting grease, and replacing coolant can be classified as the most frequently performed work at service and repair stations for cars and trucks. These works make up a significant amount of TO-1 (16-26%) and TO-2 (9-18%). Lubrication and refueling work consists of replacing or replenishing units (assemblies) with oils, fuel, technical fluids, and replacing filters.

The quality of this work is one of the significant factors affecting the resource of nodes. For example, in most designs of ball joints passenger cars The supply of “factory” lubricant is sufficient for the entire period of operation. However, in those supports where there are holes for the oiler and lubrication is carried out in TO-2 mode, the service life increases by 20-30%. This is explained by the fact that, despite the protective rubber cover, water with dirt (abrasive) can penetrate inside the support; the newly incoming lubricant cleans the rubbing surfaces. Operating the engine with an oil level below the permissible level leads to a complete drop in pressure in the lubrication system and failure of the crankshaft liners. A decrease in brake fluid level allows air to enter the system and cause system failure.

The main technological document that determines the content of lubrication work is a chemical map, which indicates the locations of lubrication points, the frequency of lubrication, the brand of oils, and their filling volumes.

An integral part of refueling work is flushing. When washing, wear products are washed away, which ensures Better conditions operation of parts and newly filled liquids. Replacing, for example, the entire volume of brake fluid in the system (once a year), which equates to flushing work, increases the durability of rubber sealing cuffs 1.5-2.5 times.

Tire inflation also indirectly relates to refueling work. Inflating a tire truck should be carried out in a special metal fence, capable of protecting service personnel from impacts from removable rim parts in the event of their spontaneous dismantling. In road conditions, when inflating, the tire should lie with the locking device facing the ground.

The pressure norm for a specific model can most correctly be determined by the inscription on the sidewall of the tire; it may indicate pressure in different units and give several different values depending on the load on the tire. If you do not know the actual load, it is better to focus on maximum values. If there is no pressure marking on the tire, you must be guided by the catalogs and brochures of the tire manufacturer (but not the car), which provide the recommended standards for each specific model.

2 .Equipment classification

In order to minimize the time of lubrication and refueling work, the convenience of their implementation, control the consumption of lubricants and other liquid refueling materials, compliance with fire, sanitary and environmental safety standards, a wide range of equipment corresponding to functional purpose, capable of satisfying the needs of service station owners and specialists.

Equipment for lubrication and refueling work is divided into stationary and mobile. The supply of oil (liquids) is provided by injection devices driven by electricity or compressed air. Some models have a manual drive.

At specialized posts for lubrication and refueling (refueling) of vehicles, it is advisable to use stationary universal mechanized installations. In most cases, they have a panel containing several drums with self-reeling hoses and dispensing tips (taps) for motor and transmission oils, grease, water, and compressed air. Oils and lubricants are supplied to the distribution hoses using pneumatic pumps installed in tanks - standard barrels in which oils and lubricants are delivered to the ATP. When submitting liquid oils a pressure of up to 0.8 MPa is provided; when supplying plastic lubricant - 25-40 MPa. The need is so high pressure caused by the fact that with unsystematic lubrication of friction units, for example a pivot joint, wear products clog the supply channels. In some cases, it is necessary to use manual “punchers” - devices in which pressure is created by a pair: a cylinder with a threaded channel filled with lubricant, and a threaded rod screwed into it. In addition to the wall option, installation can be floor or ceiling mounted. Some models have oil consumption meters. There are separate settings for one specific type of lubricant. There are models for motor oil that allow you to warm it up. For plastic lubricants, blowers are produced that have an individual drive. Main differences different models Single-purpose installations consist of the design of feed pumps and oil (lubricant) tanks.

To fill, pump or replace the working fluid of the hydraulic brake drive, devices are produced that are a tank of several liters, from which the brake fluid is supplied to the main brake cylinder under the action of compressed air (0.3 MPa) through a distribution hose and a threaded fitting. With such a device, one person can replace the brake fluid or bleed the system. Some devices of this type allow you to check the quality of the brake fluid.

To apply liquid anti-corrosion coatings to the lower surfaces and tail of a car, installations are produced in box-type cavities that spray (with a pressure of 0.5-1.0 MPa) anti-corrosion emulsions (with air). Coating viscosity 70-150 mm 2 /s.

A wide range of equipment creates some problem for the consumer optimal choice. Let us classify equipment of the same functional purpose according to the principle of operation.

Installations for removing (extracting) motor and transmission oils from units are classified according to the principle of their operation:

1. Drain – oil is removed by gravity under the influence of gravity through the drain hole in the vehicle unit;

2. Decompression - oil is removed by pumping from the vehicle unit into a container, installation, in which the pressure is below atmospheric;

3. Installations in which oil is removed by pumping it out with a built-in vacuum electric pump through the oil dipstick hole or by gravity (the presence of a pre-chamber with a volume indication and an inspection window allows you to control the volume of pumped out liquid);

4. Pneumatic – equipped with a pneumatic pump connected to a pneumatic line;

5. Combined - oil can be removed either by pumping (decompression) or by gravity (draining method), depending on the situation.

The above installations can be portable, movable (mobile) or stationary. You should pay attention to the method of removing oils from the installation tank after it has been filled to its maximum capacity in a container for storage and further disposal. Unloading of oils from the reservoir for volumes less than 25 liters is carried out manually, for larger volumes - pneumatically.

Oil filling installations are classified according to their operating principle as follows:

1. Manual – the oil supply pump is operated manually;

2. Compression - the oil is supplied by compressed air in the installation tank (it is important that such installations operate independently of the source of compressed air, for example, a pneumatic line);

3. Pneumatic - oil is supplied in doses by a double-acting pneumatic pump connected to a pneumatic line (various models of pumps and methods of their installation on containers of any size, including standard barrels, are possible; wall mounting is possible, placement on rolling carts with containers installed on them).

Pneumatic systems (including electronically controlled ones) for centralized supply of oils, lubricants and liquids through pipelines from the warehouse are also used Supplies to jobs.

3. Equipment samples

The installation is intended for quick replacement engine oils of cars and other machines through the dipstick hole, equipped with a drain funnel. This is the latest environmentally friendly technology, accepted all over the world, and does not require a hole or unscrewing the drain plug. An express oil change is performed on the unit as follows. In the hole for installing the dipstick for monitoring the oil level in an engine warmed up to operating temperature, a special installation tube is inserted, connected by a hose to the tank. The open end of the tube rests on the lowest point of the engine oil pan, that is, almost on the drain hole. Special device does not allow the open end of the tube to press tightly against the surface of the pallet and provides the necessary clearance for effective removal used oil. A vacuum is created in the tank, and the old used oil, obeying known physical laws, is “sucked out” from the lowest point of the pan into the installation tank. At the same time, mechanical impurities contained in the old oil are also removed. Considering that the process takes place on a hot engine, all residues on the side surfaces have time to drain into the pan. The old oil is completely removed from the car engine. A signal that oil removal has been completed is when the pressure in the tank increases to normal, i.e. the open end of the tube is no longer immersed in oil. Compared with in the usual way An express oil change unit allows you to change used oil faster with minimal effort.

Equipment for lubrication and filling works

The labor intensity of lubrication work can be up to 30% of the total labor intensity of TO-1 and TO-2 work. Therefore, to reduce vehicle downtime in technical services To ensure the possibility of performing lubrication work, reducing the consumption of oils and lubricants, it is necessary to use specialized lubrication and filling equipment. Currently, it is produced in a fairly wide range and is classified according to the degree of mobility, distributed oils and lubricants, productivity, developed pressure and drive (Fig. 4.21).

Figure 4.21 – Classification scheme for lubrication and filling equipment

To distribute motor and transmission oils, high-performance equipment (up to 10...15 l/min) is used, supplying oil under low pressure - up to 2 MPa. When dispensing grease, it is necessary to develop medium (5...10 MPa) or high (15...45 MPa) pressure. Therefore, the productivity of this equipment is low, not exceeding 250 g/min. Oil or lubricant is supplied by pumping devices driven by compressed air or an electric motor. Some equipment is manually operated.

Lubrication and refueling equipment is installed at a specialized lubrication station, where the entire range of lubrication work on the vehicle is carried out according to the lubrication map.

To fill engines with motor oils, electrically heated oil dispensers (type 3155M) and oil dispensers with a pumping unit (type 367 M3) are used. When using a dispenser with a pumping unit, oil from reservoir 1 is supplied by oil pump 3 to the pressure line (Fig. 4.22). When the oil pressure in the pressure line exceeds the standard value, it opens safety valve 4. To keep the system filled with oil, install check valve 5. When filling the engine with oil, it is necessary to open valve 10. The submersible pumping unit is mounted on the neck of the oil tank. The flange motor is connected to the pump by a shaft running in a hanging pipe. Starting and stopping the electric motor is carried out using a pressure switch configured to the maximum pressure values in the system. In the intervals between switching on the unit, the oil supply is carried out due to the oil supply under air pressure in the accumulator. This ensures pressure stability in the system and uniform operation of the dispenser. To improve oil pumpability, electric heating is used. The oil is heated in the reservoir by a tubular electric heater (TEH) in the form of a coil. To intensify heat exchange, a stirrer with a separate drive can be installed there. An air heating device is installed inside the column itself, which also has heating elements and a fan. A general view of the oil dispenser is shown in Fig. 4.23.

1 – reservoir; 2 – coarse filter; 3 – pump; 4 – safety valve; 5 – check valve; 6 – air-hydraulic accumulator; 7 – pressure gauge; 8 – fine filter; 9 – flow meter; 10 – tap; 11 – dispensing gun

Figure 4.22 – Hydraulic diagram of the oil dispenser

Figure 4.23 – General view of the oil dispenser

Installations for distributing transmission oils have approximately the same hydraulic and electrical diagram. They are mounted on a stationary container (150...200 liters) and turn on the electric drive of a submersible gear pump 5, which supplies oil to two dispensing hoses 14 (Fig. 4.24).

1 – electric motor; 2 and 4 – couplings; 3 – drive shaft; 5 – pump; 6 – filter; 7 – valve block; 8 – air-hydraulic accumulator; 9 – pressure switch; 10 – pressure gauge; 11 – dispensing barrel; 12 – shut-off valve; 13 – shut-off valve; 14 – dispensing sleeve; 15 - oil line

Figure 4.24 – Installation for filling with transmission oil

To equalize the oil pressure in the system, there is an air-hydraulic accumulator 8. The pressure switch is set to minimum and maximum pressure. When you go beyond its limits, the electric drive of the pump is turned on or off, respectively. During the period between switching on the electric motor, oil is supplied from the accumulator due to the pressure of the air cushion on the oil that entered it when the pump drive was turned on. To clean the oil, the unit has a filter 6.

In small and medium-sized ATPs, mobile solid oil pumps are used to distribute grease. Their drive includes an electric motor 7 and two-stage gearbox 9, mounted in tray 10 (Fig. 4.25). When the electric motor is turned on, the second stage of the gearbox rotates the auger 3, which ensures the supply of grease under low pressure from the hopper 2 to plunger pump 5, driven by the first stage of the gearbox. The plunger pump increases the lubricant pressure supplied to the dispensing nozzle to 15...20 MPa. Pressure switch 6 turns off the electric drive of the installation when the pressure exceeds 40 MPa.

1 – plate; 2 – bunker; 3 – auger; 4 – filter; 5 – plunger pump; 6 – pressure switch; 7 – electric motor; 8 - pressure pipeline; 9 – gearbox; 10 – gear tray

Figure 4.25 – Diagram of a mobile solid oil blower

The dispensing gun supplies lubricant directly to the grease fittings of the vehicle's friction units (Fig. 4.26). When lever 13 is released, valve 6 is pressed by spring 4 to the sleeve seat 8. In this case, there is no lubricant supply. When the lever is pressed, valve 6 is moved by plunger 12, and lubricant from the plunger is supplied through barrel 10 and lubricating head 11 to the friction unit through a grease fitting. For ease of operation, so that you can freely rotate the dispensing nozzle relative to the pressure hose, a hinge 1 is installed at the point of their connection.

1- hinge; 2 – body; 3 – back plate; 4 – spring; 5 – valve seat; 6 – valve; 7 – distribution ring; 8 – sleeve; 9 – pressure release screw; 10 – trunk; 11 – lubrication head; 12 – plunger; 13 – lever

Figure 4.26 – Diagram of the solid oil injection nozzle

Specialized installations can also be used to fill the hydraulic brake drive and remove air from it. They include a tank with a capacity of up to 10 liters, from which brake fluid under air pressure of 0.3...0.6 MPa is supplied to the main brake cylinder through a distribution hose and a threaded fitting. The use of such an installation allows one person to replace the brake fluid and pump the drive hydraulic cylinder.

Lubrication and refueling operations account for a relatively large share of the total labor intensity of work for both TO-1 and TO-2. A particularly large amount of work is carried out during regular seasonal maintenance (SO), where it is provided (in accordance with the vehicle’s lubrication chart) to completely remove old lubricant from some components and flush various systems car with replacement of working fluid, etc. Partial lubrication and refueling operations are also carried out in TP zones, for example when replacing units.

Earlier, when considering the types of friction and the processes occurring in friction units, we already spoke about the importance of lubrication of parts, the quality of lubricants and the need for their timely replacement due to excessive contamination. Lubrication, filling and cleaning operations are of a specific nature, and a wide range of various equipment and devices are provided for their implementation.

The main classification of lubrication and filling equipment is carried out according to the type of lubricants filled into components and assemblies. It is divided into equipment for filling liquid oils and equipment for grease (thick) lubricants. Accordingly, there is also equipment for collecting used oils. The range of lubrication and filling equipment also includes auxiliary equipment- installations for filling brake fluid into the relevant vehicle systems, installations for suctioning waste oils and flushing oil systems, compressors for providing compressed air production and installations for inflating tires, etc.

The above equipment can be stationary or mobile, and small-sized equipment, used mainly in small garages, can be portable.

Depending on the type of drive of the working parts, these devices can be manual or foot-operated. Mechanized high-performance installations for medium and large ATPs are classified according to the type of drive into electromechanical (driven by an electric motor) and pneumatic (using piston engines with a spool mechanism).

Classification is also carried out according to the type of the main working body used - the pump. In modern equipment, mainly three types of pumps are used: valve type (with a system of inlet and bypass discharge valves), gear type - for dispensing liquid oils, and plunger type - for grease (with a plunger reciprocating in a high-pressure chamber).

The above equipment can be produced in a single (isolated) version for a specific operation, or it can be combined (integrated) - with a multifunctional purpose.

In the field of development and creation of lubrication and filling equipment for various purposes, accumulated great experience both in domestic industry and by foreign firms. But due to its great diversity, it is impossible to describe in detail each individual sample, therefore this section discusses only the fundamental principles of design and operation of the main types of equipment, and for some models only their appearance(for reference) and individual parameters of technical characteristics are given.

EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING WITH LIQUID OILS

In small garages or field conditions, in the absence of oil warehouses and installations for distributing liquid oils, sometimes it becomes necessary to distribute oil directly from barrels into portable containers for subsequent refueling of units. This process is extremely inconvenient and unsafe. Therefore, for this purpose they began to use portable oil dispensers mod. 397A or S-207 (Appendix 9, Fig. 1). They are installed on the barrel by inserting a composite tube with a suction valve into the neck of the barrel. Fastening is done using a special screw clamp or by screwing the body into the thread of the barrel neck. The main unit of the column is hand pump double acting, vane type mod. 397-1D (Fig. 2.51). The installation kit includes a piston-type oil release meter, a filter, a hose and a dispensing gun, equipped with a manual shut-off valve and an automatic shut-off micro-valve with a spring mounted at the outlet of the gun (it completely covers the outlet section of the dispensing gun, preventing oil from dripping after stopping operation pump).

The pump consists of a housing 1 cylindrical in shape, in which a housing is mounted on an axis in the form of a strip 2 discharge valves 3. The bottom of the pump housing is installed with two suction valves 4 body 5, separating with its protrusion bottom part pump into two independent cavities.

Rice. 2.51.

Maud. 397-1D:

1 - frame; 2 - discharge valve housing; 3 - discharge valve; 4 - suction valve; 5 - suction valve body

Let's look at the pump operation diagram. When you turn the drive handle, rigidly connected to the axis and body of the discharge valves, its left “wing” rises, displacing the oil on it through the pipeline to the dispensing nozzle, while simultaneously creating a vacuum in the lower left cavity. The suction valve, which opens, admits a new portion of oil. At the same time, the right “wing” is lowered, the pressure in the lower right cavity will increase, the inlet valve

will close and the discharge valve will open, transferring oil from the lower cavity to the upper, where some vacuum will be observed on the right side. When the drive handle is moved back, the process will repeat, but in reverse order. The productivity of the described oil dispensers at normal oil viscosity is on average 8-10 l/min.

For refilling units with transmission oils, for example using a mod. S-223 (Appendix 9, Fig. 2) with a replaceable tank with a capacity of 50-100 l or using an oil dispensing tank mod. 133M (Appendix 11, Fig. 1) with a capacity of 20 liters, as well as in installations for dispensing liquid oils using pneumatic engines - mod. S-229 (Appendix 9, Fig. 3), valve-type pumps with a manual lever drive with a handle are widely used.

Rice. 2.52.

At the bottom of the suction pipe 2 (Fig. 2.52) the inlet valve is mounted in the boss 6 and a mesh filter. At the end of the extension cord 3 rod 1 the support heel is secured with a nut 5, above which the piston is installed 4 with flow sections. When the drive handle is raised, the lever system will begin to lower the rod, the pressure in the pump chamber will increase, which will close the inlet valve and lift the piston above the heel, opening the flow sections for oil to bypass into the above-piston space of the suction pipe. When the drive handle is lowered, the rod, together with the extension and the heel, will begin to rise, the heel will block the flow sections in the piston and begin to lift it. As a result, the piston will supply the portion of oil “bypassed” in the previous cycle through the suction pipe to the dispensing gun. At the same time, in

a vacuum will arise in the pump chamber and the inlet valve will open, releasing the next portion of oil. With repeated impacts on the drive handle, the pump performance at normal oil viscosity averages 3-4 l/min. These installations are used mainly in small trucks and service stations.

When high productivity is required, for example at centralized lubrication stations, mechanized installations are used. Moreover, refueling with motor oils is usually done using oil dispensers with oil dispensing meters (Appendix 10, Fig. 1; Appendix 11, Fig. 3), and refueling of units is carried out with transmission oil from pumping units, almost identical to units for refueling with motor oil, directly, through hoses with dispensing nozzles or using reels with self-reeling hoses (Appendix 11, Fig. 2; Appendix 12, Fig. 7).

Stationary pumping unit mod. 3106M (Fig. 2.53) consists of an electric motor 11 (power 1.1 kW), gear pump 12 type G11-22A, air-hydraulic accumulator 13, circuit breaker 14, bypass valve block 15, suction pipe 16 s strainer and oil filter. The pumping unit is mounted on a foundation in an oil storage facility (usually in basement), next to the oil tank.

Oil dispenser 18 Maud. The 367M consists of a housing, an oil meter and a dispensing nozzle with a sleeve. Oil is supplied to the meter through a pipe running inside the housing, at the end of which there is a shut-off valve that disconnects the line coming from pumping unit to the oil meter. The oil meter is piston, four-cylinder, consisting of a volume meter and a counting mechanism. The counting mechanism has indicators for one-time and total oil supply.

Rice. 2.53.

A- oil dispenser mod. 367M; b- pumping unit 3106M ( wiring diagram); V- automatic

electrical switch; G- pumping unit 3106M (top view)

The one-time release indicator is a two-pointer with a reading range from 1 to 10 l. Roller-type total release indicator, with an upper limit of measurement of 999.9 l.

An oil dispenser is installed at a post for lubrication and refueling work in the maintenance area, sometimes at a great distance from pumping station(on average from 5 to 15 m). It is very difficult to supply oil with a certain viscosity to such a distance through small-diameter pipelines: a high initial pressure is required (depending on the length of the pipelines - from 0.8 to 1.5 MPa. Moreover, viscous oil is not supplied smoothly, but in jerks, with hydraulic shocks To soften the oil supply, an air-hydraulic accumulator is used, in the upper part of which a shock-absorbing air cushion is formed.

The pumping unit is turned on and off automatically using a switch 14, when pressing or releasing the dispensing nozzle handle. Circuit breaker 14 is a relay 4 pressure interacting with the limit switch button 10 through the lever 1. Upon completion of refueling and releasing the handle of the refueling nozzle, the valve in it closes, and the pressure in the entire system increases sharply and is transmitted through the pipeline 6 on membrane 7 connected to the rod 8; the resistance of the spring is gradually overcome 9, the rod presses the lever 1 , and that in turn - to the limit switch button 10,

and the pump motor turns off. The switching process takes place in reverse order. Pressure adjustment is made with a nut 2. Pressure control is carried out using pressure gauge 5.

If the electric motor of the pumping unit does not turn off for any reason, the block of bypass valves, adjusted with a special screw, is switched on. 19 at a pressure slightly greater than the pump develops.

In addition to the described pumping unit, submersible type units are widely used, which are installed on the neck of the tank (Appendix 10, Fig. 1, b). The power of the electric motors on them is 1.5 kW.

EQUIPMENT FOR GREASES

Grease (thick) lubricants are introduced into friction units of automobiles mainly through special grease fittings at pressure (for various points lubricants) from 6 to 10 MPa, in 20% of cases a pressure of 10 to 30 MPa is required, and in some cases more. Sometimes, to remove heavily hardened contaminated lubricant, screw hydraulic punches are used, developing pressure up to 150 MPa.

In order to introduce grease into friction units under high pressure, the most Various types lubricant pumps - from manual lever to mechanized, electrically driven or with pneumatic pumps.

Rice. 2.54. Manual lever grease pump: A - general form; b- operating diagram of the supercharger mod. 03-1279

Let's look at the design and operation of a simple supercharger included in the driver's tool kit. The manual lever blower consists of a cylindrical micro-hopper 4 (Fig. 2.54) with a rod 5 and a self-pressing piston that moves the lubricant under the action of a spring to a plunger-type pump into the housing 3 which the micro-hopper is screwed on. The pump is equipped with a drive handle 1 with a lever pivotally connected to plunger 2, which performs a reciprocating movement when the handle swings in a vertical channel with a side hole for lubricant entry (hereinafter we will call it a high-pressure chamber - HPC).

Valve 7 is installed in the lower part of the pressure pump.

A tube with a special tip for grease fittings is screwed into the side of the housing. When the handle is lifted, the plunger goes up, opening the side hole of the high-pressure pump to receive a portion of lubricant. When you press the handle, the plunger, lowering, squeezes out the lubricant under high pressure through the valve and tip into the grease nipple of the friction unit. This process is usually continued until all the old grease has come out.

Rice. 2.55. Grease blower 390M: A- kinematic diagram; b- diagram of the plunger operation

pistol

In large production, when high productivity is required, the mod lubricant blower has proven itself well. 390M (Fig. 2.55 and Appendix 12, Fig. 1). It consists of a bunker 3 co auger 4 and a mixer blade mounted on a trolley 11 s four wheels 1. In the hollow cart body, closed with a lid 2 , two pairs of drive gears are mounted in an oil bath. Drive gear 9 first transmits torque to the crank mechanism 1 (Fig. 2.55, b) with roller 2, providing together with a spring 4 reciprocating movement of rod 5 in high pressure pump 6. When the plunger is in the extreme position, lubricant enters through the side hole into the pressure pump through a mesh filter 7. When the plunger crank roller moves it, it squeezes out the lubricant through the hose 8 to the dispensing pistol. Second

a pair of gears (Fig. 2.55, a) drives a screw with a stirrer (breaking lubricant clots), and it supplies lubricant through a channel through a strainer to the plunger pump. The blower motor is turned on and off automatically (using pressure switch 7 and a limit switch). Hopper capacity - 16 l; productivity - up to 150 g/min; the maximum developed pressure is 40 MPa, regulated by changing the spring tension of the pressure switch. The mod supercharger is very similar in design and operating principle. 03-9903 (Appendix 12, Fig. 2).

Now a more modern compact mobile lubrication pump with an electromechanical drive, mod. S-321. The capacity of the bunker has been increased to 40 liters, the remaining parameters (including the electric motor power of 0.55 kW) are identical to the mod described above. 390M.

Increasingly, pneumatic motors with a spool mechanism have begun to be used as a drive for mechanized installations for dispensing liquid oils and for lubricant blowers. This domestic development. It appeared in the early 60s. Then its production was gradually discontinued. But recently, pneumatic pumps have become widely used by foreign companies producing garage equipment, and our industry has resumed their production again.

The air motor consists of a cylinder 2 (Fig. 2.56, A), covered with a lid at the bottom 1 with stem seal 11, secured with a bushing 9 and coupling thread 10 in the piston 8. Piston using a leash 6 connected to the spool mechanism for distributing the compressed air supply, located in housing 5. The spool mechanism in different models of air motors has its own design.

In Fig. 2.56, b a diagram of the operation of the air motor together with a valve-type pump is given, the operation and design of which have already been discussed.

Let's consider the operation of a plunger-type pump together with a pneumatic motor in an installation for injection of grease using the example of mod. S-322 (Fig. 2.57).

Rice. 2.56. Device (a) and diagram (b) of operation Fig. 2.57. Lubrication blower mod. S-322

air motor

A pneumatic motor with a working pressure of compressed air of 0.6-0.8 MPa mounted on a hopper with a capacity of 63 liters is connected to a rod 8 high pressure plunger pump up to 40 MPa, located in the lower part of the receiving pipe 2, placed in the installation bunker. Unlike previous options, the high pressure chamber 4 with side inlets for lubrication, it itself, together with the rod, performs a vertical reciprocating movement, and the plunger 3, fixed to the base of the nozzle 1 with mesh filter, remains stationary. The pump is equipped with a valve 6 with spring 7 and piston 5, mounted on top of the high-pressure pump, and during its reciprocating movement, a fixed piston, when lifting, sucks the lubricant through a mesh filter into the lower part of the receiving pipe, and when lowering, creates pressure, facilitating the introduction of lubricant through the holes into the high-pressure pump, simultaneously turning it into a plastic homogeneous mass. When the rod is lowered with the pressure pump, the plunger forces the lubricant through the hollow rod and through the hose to the gun.

EQUIPMENT FOR LUBRICATION, FILLING WITH OILS, AIR AND WORKING FLUIDS

Rice. 1.

Rice. 2.

Rice. 4.

Rice. 6.

Rice. 5.

LUBRICATION AND REFUELING UNITS AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

Rice. 1.

pumping unit mod. 3106M (v)

Maud. 1101-B5

Designed for inflating tires, cleaning and blowing parts after washing, driving pneumatic tools, pneumatic solid oil blowers and other equipment.

The compressor consists of a head with cylinders and a crank mechanism, a receiver, an electric motor, drive belts, air ducts and a guard.

The compressor head and electric motor are mounted on the receiver, creating a compact design. The transmission of rotation from the electric motor to the crankshaft of the compressor is carried out by three V-belts, which are covered with a guard for safety reasons.

Two-stage compressor, with air cooling after the first stage. To facilitate maintenance, the compressor is designed to automatically perform the following operations:

maintaining pressure within specified limits using a pressure switch;
unloading of the electric motor during startup using a special pneumatic unloader;
condensate separation using a moisture-oil separator;
removal of condensate using a dehumidifier.

LUBRICATION AND FILLING EQUIPMENT

Rice. 2.

Rice. 1. Oil dispensing tank mod. 133M

Rice. 4.

Rice. 5.

The BMW-ZOO foot solid supercharger is a mobile device with a foot drive. The vertical cylindrical lubricant tank is made of steel pipe. It is closed on top with a screw-on lid. The reservoir is attached to a base made of steel sheet. The base is equipped with two wheels. A plunger pump for pumping oil is mounted at the bottom of the tank. The pump piston is connected to a pedal driven by the foot. The reverse motion of the pedal occurs under the action of two springs. Inside the reservoir there is a piston that compresses the lubricant and is attached to a right-angle threaded screw. The piston is moved using a double-sided crank attached to the screw. The displacement of the piston leads to an initial compression of the lubricant located inside the reservoir. The solid blower is equipped with a high pressure hose and two replaceable lubricant tips.

It should be noted in principle new design grease blower mod. S-104 (Appendix 9, Fig. 4) with an electric drive and an additional transition pump. It ensures the simultaneous operation of two lubricant posts with its supply directly from a standard container (for transporting lubricant) to the dispensing guns at the posts. Design feature The supercharger is a combination in one unit of a common electric drive of a high-pressure pump, which pumps lubricant to two dispensing guns, and a submersible transfer pump, which supplies lubricant from the container. In addition, the supercharger is equipped with a built-in cable winch, with which you can hang the supercharger on a special support, lifting it when changing containers with lubricant. The high-pressure plunger pump is driven by a 0.75 kW electric motor through a helical-worm gearbox using an eccentric with a bearing. The output shaft of the gearbox through the intermediate shaft drives a gear transfer pump that supplies lubricant through a strainer to the plunger pump. The transfer pump is equipped with a screw (with a lubricant stirrer) for supplying lubricant to it directly from the container. A winch drum with a ratchet is mounted above the transfer pump. The installation is equipped with a dual-mode pressure switch that can switch to a pressure of 25 or 40 MPa. The pump capacity, which ensures operation of two dispensing nozzles, is 300 g/min. It is recommended to install the blower in separate room, with hoses with guns leading out to lubrication stations.

Equipment for lubrication and refueling works is designed to perform the following work: filling crankcases of automobile engines with motor oils, transmission oils of gearbox crankcases, rear axles, steering gears; for collection of used oils; for lubrication of individual components with grease via grease fittings; for refilling cooling systems and brake systems with working fluids; on checking tire pressure and inflating tires.

This equipment can be portable, mobile and stationary, and by type of drive - with manual, pneumatic and electric drives.

For oil dispensing equipment for dispensing motor oils include various oil dispensing tanks, installations and oil dispensers.

Portable oil dispensers with manual drive are designed for dosed dispensing and accounting of the total amount of motor oil directly from standard containers (barrels with a capacity of 100-200 liters) when filling car engine crankcases. The main unit of the column is a double-action pump.

In addition to manually driven oil dispensers, they are used for dosed distribution of motor oil. mobile oil dispensing devices with pneumatic drive(Fig. 7.1).

When air is supplied from the compressor to the pneumatic motor 3 at a pressure of 0.8 MPa, oil is continuously supplied into the line until, when the valve of the dispensing pistol 5 is closed, a back pressure of about 2.4 MPa arises in the pressure line. Pump flow - 12 l/min at oil temperature 18°C.

Mobile oil dispensing units with pneumatic The drive is placed on a two-wheeled trolley for ease of movement.

The most widespread are stationary speakers with an electromechanical drive. Stationary oil dispensers with electric heating are designed for dosed dispensing and accounting of the total amount of motor oil from the oil storage when refueling car engines or dispensing into consumer containers with simultaneous heating if necessary.

The main components of the dispenser are an insulated housing, inside of which an oil meter is mounted, a drum with a self-winding sleeve and a dispensing valve, a heating tank with 4 kW tubular electric motors and a temperature control device, a hydraulic accumulator with a pressure relay, and ballasts located in the equipment cabinet.

Oil dispensing equipment for refilling transmission oils can be mobile or stationary. When filling crankcases of car units with transmission oil, use mobile oil filling stations with manual drive. The units consist of a two-wheeled pick-up trolley, a special tank, a pump, and a distribution hose with a nozzle.

Stationary filling stations are designed for filling vehicle units with transmission oil directly from the oil reservoir. The units are automatic, consist of a pump unit and can have up to two dispensing hoses with pistols.

At specialized posts for lubrication and refueling (refueling) of vehicles, multifunctional lubrication and refueling units are used. Such installations are designed for centralized mechanized dispensing of engine and transmission oils, grease, coolant and air with tire pressure measurement.

To collect used oil, portable and mobile tanks with funnels and stationary collection tanks installed under the floor of the room with oil receiving funnels are used.

Mobile units for collecting used oil, drained from vehicle units at posts not equipped with stationary drainage devices, consist of a special receiving tank (cylinder), equipped for its movement with a group of wheels, a receiving funnel with a removable rotary tray.

Equipment for lubrication of vehicle units and components designed for supplying grease through grease nipples to the rubbing components of vehicles. This includes various lubricant blowers.

Mobile grease pumps with pneumatic drive(Fig. 7.2) consist of a special tank (cylinder) placed on a trolley and a pumping unit with high and low pressure pumps.

The supercharger kit also includes a hose with a dispensing gun.

Electrically driven stationary lubrication blowers and a transfer pump ensure the simultaneous operation of several lubrication stations, supplying it directly from standard containers to the dispensing guns.

Brake fluid filling equipment designed for pouring brake fluid into the brake system of vehicles with hydraulic drive, bringing it into working condition and performing, depending on the requirements, individual control operations. Equipment for refilling brake fluid can be portable, mobile or stationary.

Portable brake fluid tank is a closed steel tank, the pressure in which is controlled using a pressure gauge. The tank is filled with brake fluid through the filler neck.

Mobile installations for filling and bleeding hydraulic brakes of cars are intended for carrying out a range of work on servicing the hydraulic brake drive.

Modern car repair facilities and specialized stations use computer control tools to centrally control the system of distribution, collection and disposal of all types of oils, lubricants and technical fluids.

A centralized computer system for distributing technical fluids allows you to simultaneously monitor the distribution of several types of technical fluids at all posts, control the availability of all types of fluids and automatically notify about the need to top up a certain type of fluid. This system provides automatic prohibition of the dispensing of liquid, the level of which in the tank is equal to the minimum permissible for safe work pump

Air distribution equipment designed to supply compressed air entering it to inflate car tires or, if necessary, reduce the pressure in them to ensure control of the tire pressure. End piece with pressure gauge for air distribution hose(Fig. 7.3) is designed to connect equipment to the tire and control the pressure in it.

Stationary air dispensers allow you to perform work on inflating, reducing pressure, and monitoring it in tires in automatic mode. Modern speakers consist of a remote control and two air-distributing hoses with tips for connecting to tire valves. Air distribution hoses can be placed in drums in the form of self-winding hoses.

On electrical panel devices were installed to control the switching on and off of electro-pneumatic valves, as well as to set the amount of supplied pressure. The design of the speaker for various modifications can provide the possibility of installation in both floor and wall version. Air is supplied to the column from the air line through the water separator filter.

Test questions for the section

1. What is the purpose of lubrication and filling equipment?

Equipment for lubrication of vehicle units and components

Mobile grease pumps with pneumatic drive

The supercharger kit also includes a hose with a dispensing gun.

16. Equipment for filling brake fluid

Portable brake fluid tank is a closed steel tank, the pressure in which is controlled using a pressure gauge. The tank is filled with brake fluid through the filler neck.

Mobile installations for filling and bleeding hydraulic brakes of cars are intended for carrying out a range of work on servicing the hydraulic brake drive.

A centralized computer system for distributing technical fluids allows you to simultaneously monitor the distribution of several types of technical fluids at all posts, control the availability of all types of liquids and automatically notify about the need to re-order a certain type of liquid. This system automatically prohibits the dispensing of liquid, the level of which in the reservoir is equal to the minimum allowable for safe operation of the pump.

17. Equipment for supplying greases

Equipment for lubrication of vehicle units and components designed for supplying grease through grease nipples to the rubbing components of vehicles. This includes various lubricant blowers.

Mobile grease pumps with pneumatic drive (Fig. 4.2) consist of a special tank (cylinder) placed on a trolley and a pumping unit with high and low pressure pumps.

Rice. 4.2. Mobile grease pump with pneumatic drive

The supercharger kit also includes a hose with a dispensing gun.