Comparative characteristics of insulating personal respiratory protection equipment. AP breathing apparatus "Omega 6" tactical and technical characteristics of AP Omega

AP "Omega"

Design Features: the suspension system is made of a molded panel and padded shoulder straps; the connector for connecting a rescue device is located on the left shoulder strap at the user’s chest level; there is a soft waist belt with a shock-absorbing pad, a rubber damper on the lower base of the panel, which protects the cylinder valve from vertical impacts when the device falls; lung demand valve, characterized by increased fire resistance and impact resistance (Fig. 5.1).

harness shoulder straps

Grooves for attaching shoulder straps

signal

device

loop for fastening the hose for quick refilling of the cylinder

Pulmonary demand valve AP-2000

cradle for "fixing cylinders

grooves for cylinder mounting straps

lung demand valve hose

Hose for rescue device connections

compressed air cylinder

cylinder valve

Rice. 5.1. General view of the breathing apparatus AP "Omega"

High pressure

COMPOSITE PANEL

materials

Design Features: lateral location of the cylinder valve flywheel, miniature lung demand valve with side or frontal bayonet attachment to the mask, which does not create interference when turning and tilting the head when the device is used inside a chemical protection suit or heat-reflecting suit (Fig. 5.2).

Rice. 5.2.

AP "Sever"

Can be used at low temperatures, since the sealing rings of the reducer, the medium pressure hose and the diaphragm of the lung demand valve are made of special materials that do not change their characteristics at low temperatures (Fig. 5.3).

Rice. 5.3.

PTS "Profi"

Design Features: heat- and fire-resistant suspension system, plastic profiled back, chest strap, soft shoulder pads, universal cylinder fastening system, constant excess air pressure in the under-mask space for any physical activity, adapter with a quick-release connection for connecting a rescue device; the lung demand valve hose can be made with a connector (Fig. 5.4).

Rice. 5.4.

Used at ambient temperatures from -40 to +60 °C.

PTS "Basis"

Advantages over PTS “Profi”: lung demand valve of low mass and high performance, high-performance gearbox (up to 1000 dm 3 /min) (Fig. 5.5).

Does not change technical parameters after being in an environment with a temperature of 200 °C for 60 s and withstands exposure to an open flame with a temperature of 800 °C for 5 s.

PTS "Rescuer"

Design Features: cylinders in covers, can be equipped with a rescue device. Does not change technical parameters after exposure to temperatures specified for PTS “Basis”; during the protective action, it is resistant to gases - ammonia, chlorine, as well as drops of gasoline, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, mineral oil; withstands at least 10 treatments with degassing solutions. Allows you to stay under water for 15 minutes at a depth of up to 5 m (Fig. 5.6).

Rice. 5.6.

Design Features: ergonomic suspension system from MSA AUER; the lung demand valve provides excess pressure under the front part; the possibility of obtaining an additional rescue device; operational in the ambient temperature range from -40 to +60 °C (Fig. 5.7).

IVA-40/Iva-40K

Joint development of PKP Respirator OJSC and MSA AUER GmbH.

Design Features: the new gearbox provides a protective action time of up to 120 minutes due to the configuration with two metal-composite cylinders; lung demand valve LA96 and face mask 3S manufactured by MSA AUER (Fig. 5.8).

Rice. 5.8.

RA 94 Plus Basic

Used with Panorama Novan Futura 2 (F2) face masks.

Design Features: the supporting structure is made of high-strength carbon composite polyamide, chemical shock-resistant; There are built-in handles to make it easier to carry; shoulder straps are equipped with pads; the weight of the device is concentrated on the hips, which reduces the load on the back; the high-performance gearbox does not require maintenance for 6 years (Fig. 5.9).

Equipped with high-performance pneumatics from the Plus series from Drager.

Design Features: adjustable hinged support frame design, high degree of chemical, thermal, fire and wear resistance, new fitting technology; equipped with a standard pressure gauge with a whistle or an electronic system for monitoring air pressure in cylinders (Fig. 5.10).

Rice. 5.10.

Zrkotays-S^

A breathing apparatus with compressed air manufactured by ICHTEIZRIYU (Sweden) Zrtsotais-OB (Fig. 5.11) is a modified version of the Bryotais 90 apparatus.

Design advantages: rotating belt on the supporting back; full-face mask type 5, which is part of the standard package of Brtsotais-OB, is equipped with a valve for switching to breathing air from the atmosphere, which allows you to save the supply of compressed air in the cylinder, while the firefighter (rescuer) is in a non-gas atmosphere; transverse mounting of the lung demand valve reduces the possibility of snagging in cramped spaces; high throughput of the gearbox - up to 1350 dm 3 /min; the ability to connect a mask for the victim and a ventilation system for an insulating suit; the cylinder is equipped with a valve with a mechanism to prevent accidental closure (Fig. 5.11).

Rice. 5.11.

Available in three types: S - with a warning signal that operates independently of the pressure gauge and is located near the user’s ear; Z - with connection of the rescue kit; Q - with quick-fill connection for quick refilling of cylinders. Refilling the cylinders takes less than 1 minute, and the breathing apparatus is not removed. Quick-fill is used only in cylinders with a pressure of 300 MPa.

Design features: cradle with three-position length adjustment, optimal straps, a belt with a soft insert on the hips and a limited range of rotation for optimal weight distribution, easily adjustable waist straps, a freely rotating pressure gauge with a luminescent dial. Can be supplied with an integrated ICU monitoring device, which monitors cylinder pressure, remaining operating time, temperature, and user movement. Additionally, computer software is provided for reading the operating parameters of the breathing apparatus and for changing device settings. The AutoMaXX lung demand valve is available in two types: normal and excess pressure. Made in the form of a hemisphere (Fig. 5.12).

Rice. 5.12.

Like AiMaXX, the device is available in three types.

Design features: a tray made of impact-resistant and antistatic duroplast, made in accordance with the anatomical characteristics of a person; Fastening the belts to the supporting plate allows for their quick replacement. The belts are made of non-flammable Nomex/Armid material. Shoulder pads provide a comfortable fit and gentle load distribution; a padded waist belt makes it possible to attach the breathing apparatus to the hips (Fig. 5.13).

The device is used in cases where there is a possibility of unexpected appearance of hazardous chemicals or reduction of oxygen levels to dangerous levels. It is also manufactured in the Z version - with the connection of a rescue kit. Optimally selected equipment: cradle, pressure reducer, pressure gauge and lung demand valve. The lung demand valve connects the mask to the pressure reducer through a medium pressure hose without a coupling.

All breathing apparatus can be equipped with masks of the 3S or Ultra Elite series, compressed air cylinders with a capacity of 2 to 6.8 dm 3 and a pressure of 200 or 300 MPa. Use temperature range from -40 to +60 °C (Fig. 5.14).

Rice. 5.14. Breathing apparatus BD Compact

Isolating devices with compressed oxygen with oxygen generation

The set of such devices includes: a front part in the form of a mask or helmet-mask with a connecting tube, a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag with an overpressure valve, a frame, a bag for storing and carrying the device.

The exhaled air enters through the connecting tube into the RP, where it is cleared of carbon dioxide and water, and the breathing bag. RP contains a substance that releases oxygen when it absorbs carbon dioxide and water. When inhaling from the breathing bag, the oxygen-enriched gas mixture again passes through the RP and enters through the connecting tube into the submask space of the front part to the respiratory organs. Breathing apparatus of this type have less weight and a relatively long protective effect time.

The front part of MIA-1 is equipped with a membrane-type intercom, the connecting tube is covered with a cover, anti-fog films and insulating cuffs ensure visibility over the entire temperature range of use of the device. The fastening system allows you to use the device when it is positioned on its side or on its back (Fig. 5.15).

Specifications

340 x 290 x 165 ............4

heavy, no less...................

average........................

easy...........................

Temperature range of use, °C

Overall dimensions, mm..................

Weight, kg, no more......................

It differs from the IP-4M in the location of the breathing bag (when the device is worn, it is located on the user’s neck), the design of the RP and the case for storing and carrying the DA (Fig. 5.16).

Specifications

Time of protective action, min, during physical activity:

°C.... -20...+50

330 x 240 x 125

heavy, no less......

average........................

easy........................

Temperature range of use,

Overall dimensions, mm...............

Weight, kg, no more.......

Rice. 5.16.

Differences from RX-90T: electronic flow control, optical and acoustic warning at 20 and 5% remaining gas mixture to ensure breathing (Fig. 5.17).

The protective action time is from 2 to 4 hours depending on physical activity, weight is no more than 12 kg.

Connector with autostart

Replaceable battery

Blower

Oxygen control sensor

Distributor

Breathing bag with two inhalation and exhalation modules

Charger

Electronic

control

Excess

Regenerative cartridge

Ventilation tubes and cooler

Rice. 5.17. Breathing apparatus Air Elite

Differences from IP-4M the presence of a timer with a countdown (counting the remaining time of the protective action), an automatic activation system. The protective action time is at least 30 minutes (Fig. 5.18).

Breathing apparatus are quite complex products. Maintenance and work with them must be carried out by well-trained users who are medically fit for significant physical and psychological stress.

To repair such devices, specialized service centers are created both in the regions and at manufacturers of breathing apparatus. Currently, devices are being developed whose systems do not require adjustment or replacement during storage and operation.

Simplicity of design and minimization of the number of assembly/disassembly operations make it possible to cope with any malfunction on site, in the field. Developers are trying to improve ergonomic characteristics, increase the protective action time, and reduce weight and size characteristics.

An important direction in improving breathing apparatus is the development of signaling devices that allow not only

Rice. 5.18.

assess the suitability of the device in a gas-polluted area, but also the well-being of the user, the possibility of detecting him in conditions of poor visibility and providing him with timely assistance. There is a continuous search and development of new materials, enterprises are being created to assemble and manufacture modern devices.

Safety and ergonomic requirements are a priority for life support equipment and are becoming more stringent every year. The designs of components and parts and their location change, which brings certain benefits during the operation of the breathing apparatus. For example, operating experience has shown that the quick-release lock for connecting a rescue device should be at the level of the user’s chest, since this position guarantees a quick and reliable connection in conditions of poor visibility and limited space.

New lung demand valves, activated by a small effort of the user's first breath, and lightweight ergonomic face masks, as well as the device as a whole, significantly affect the user's work efficiency, creating a feeling of comfort and safety.

Another novelty was the development of a special communication headset for breathing apparatus, which increases the coordination of the actions of units and crews, as well as the safety of participants in firefighting and emergency response, working in difficult and dangerous conditions.

Test questions for Chapter 5

1. Give a comparative description of DASV.
2. Describe the operation of a compressed oxygen isolation apparatus to generate oxygen.
3. Name the main fundamental differences between DASV and DASC.

Questions for self-study

Study the main design features of breathing apparatus.

Main technical characteristics

Table 4 shows the main technical characteristics that are common to all versions of the Profi PTS devices.

Table 4 Main technical characteristics of PTS “Profi”

	Name of parameters	Meaning
	Working pressure in the cylinder, MPa (kgf/cm2)
	Reduced pressure at zero flow, MPa (kgf/cm2)	0,7…0,85 (7…8,5)
	Reducer safety valve response pressure, MPa (kgf/cm 2)	1,2…2,0(12…20)
	Excessive pressure in the under-mask space at zero flow, Pa (mm water column), no more	300…450 (30…45)
	Actual breathing resistance during exhalation with pulmonary ventilation 30 dm 3 /min, Pa (mm water column), no more	no more than 350 (35)
	Weight of rescue device, kg, no more
	Service life, years

AP breathing apparatus "Omega"

Ensures safe and comfortable work in smoky or gas-polluted environments where the use of filter gas masks is impossible, as well as in places where there is a potential threat of release of substances hazardous to the human respiratory system and vision, the concentration and composition of which cannot be predicted. The device was created on the basis of many years of experience in the development and production of breathing apparatus, and is a modernized version of the AP-2000 breathing apparatus, which has been supplied to fire-fighting and rescue services over the past several years. When developing the Omega AP, all the wishes of users operating the AP-2000 device were taken into account, as a result of which the Omega AP acquired the following tactical and technical features:

1. The device is operational at an air pressure in the cylinder from 29.4 to 1.0 MPa (from 300 to 10 kgf/cm2).
2. Excessive pressure in the under-mask space at zero air flow - (300 + 100)Pa.
3. The actual breathing resistance during exhalation does not exceed 350 Pa.
4. The valve of the lung demand valve of the rescue device opens at a vacuum of 50 to 350 Pa.
5. A constant supply rescue device provides air supply under the hood of at least 25 l/min.
6. The alarm device is activated when the pressure in the cylinder drops to 5.5 + 0.8 MPa.
7. The pressure at the outlet of the reducer is no more than 0.9 MPa when the pressure in the apparatus cylinder is from 27.45 to 29.4 MPa.
8. The reducer safety valve opens when the pressure at the reducer outlet ranges from 1.1 to 1.8 MPa.
9. Actuation pressure of the valve safety membrane is from 36 to 44 MPa.

Insulating gas masks

Breathing apparatus with compressed air AP-96, AP-98-7K, AP-2000

Breathing apparatus with compressed air AP-96M

The device is intended for professional use by units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, production personnel and emergency rescue teams of enterprises with potentially hazardous production, emergency parties of sea and river vessels.

The breathing apparatus "AP-96M" provides the ability to connect an additional (rescue) mask.

The breathing apparatus "AP-96M" ensures safe and comfortable work in a smoky or gas-filled environment where the use of filtering gas masks is impossible, as well as in places where there is a potential threat of the release of substances hazardous to the human respiratory system and vision, the concentration and composition of which cannot be predicted . Designed for individual protection of human respiratory organs and vision from the harmful effects of toxic and smoky environments.

The device includes compressed air cylinders, a panoramic mask and a device for wearing the cylinders on the back. The devices are capable of creating excess pressure in the submask space. The cylinders of the devices are made of steel or composite materials with steel or aluminum. The air pressure in the cylinders is monitored both using a remote pressure gauge installed on the devices and using an audible alarm

The AP-96M compressed air breathing apparatus is produced to replace the discontinued AP-96 apparatus.

Meets the requirements of SOLAS-74/78/83, supplied with a certificate from the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. Has permission from the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia for production and use No. РРС 02-3055.

Design elements marked with *** are included as standard equipment for the corresponding versions of the device.

1. Suspension system*** - includes a suspension panel, waist and shoulder belts, a gearbox and an alarm device with a pressure gauge.

2. Pulmonary demand valve***

3. Mask*** (mask based on PM-88)

4. Cylinder with valve***

4.1. For version No. 1*** - steel cylinder 6.0 l / 200 kgf/cm 2

4.2. For version No. 2*** - two steel cylinders 4.0 l / 300 kgf/cm 2

4.2.1. Connecting fittings*** - inter-balloon connecting tee for version No. 2

5. Additional equipment:

5.1. Rescue device with test plug set

5.2. Hose with quick release lock for connection of rescue device

5.3. Pressure gauge

5.4. IR-2 indicator

5.5. Test disk DP

5.6. Acceptance of the device by the Maritime Register of the SR with the issuance of a certificate

MAIN TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AP-96M

1. The device is operational when:

Air pressure in the cylinder(s) from 1.5 to 19.6 MPa (from 15 to 200 kgf/cm2);

Excessive external pressure up to 0.6 MPa (up to 6 kgf/cm2).

2. The time of the protective action of the device with pulmonary ventilation 30 l/min, initial pressure in the cylinder (cylinders) 19.6 MPa (200 kgf/cm 2) and ambient temperature + (25 ± 10) 0 C correspond to the following values:

Execution No. 1

Execution No. 2

When using the device underwater, the protective action time is reduced by a factor of two at a depth of 10 m, and by a factor of three at a depth of 20 m.

3. The operating time of the device under conditions of high ambient pressure with pulmonary ventilation of 30 l/min and a pressure in the cylinders of 19.6 MPa (200 kgf/cm 2) must be no less than the values indicated in the table.

4. The device, with the valve open and the lung demand valve switched on, is sealed within the range of operating pressures and temperatures. A leak of no more than 0.1 l/min is allowed.

5. The cylinder with the valve is sealed in the “Open” and “Closed” valve handwheel positions at all operating pressures in the cylinder.

6. The cylinder valve is operational during at least 1500 opening and closing cycles.

7. The pressure at the reducer outlet (without flow) is:

Not more than 0.9 MPa (9 kgf/cm 2) at a pressure in the cylinder(s) of the apparatus of 17.6...19.6 MPa (180...200 kgf/cm2);

Not less than 0.5 MPa (5 kgf/cm2) at a pressure in the cylinder(s) of the apparatus of 1.5 MPa (15 kgf/cm2).

8. The opening pressure of the gearbox safety valve is no more than 1.8 MPa (18 kgf/cm2).

9. Air flow during operation of the additional supply device (bypass) is at least 60 l/min in the pressure range from 19.6 to 1.5 MPa (from 200 to 15 kgf/cm2).

10. The coefficient of oil mist suction into the submask space is no more than 0.001%.

11. The alarm device is activated when the pressure drops to (6± 1) MPa [(60± 10) kgf/cm2].

12. In the submask space during breathing with pulmonary ventilation up to 30 l/min, excess pressure is maintained:

On inspiration - at least 0 Pa;

On exhalation - no more than 600 Pa (60 mm water column).

13. Breathing resistance of the rescue device with pulmonary ventilation up to 30 l/min:

On inspiration - no more than 400 Pa (40 mm water column);

On exhalation - no more than 300 Pa (30 mm water column).

14. The device is operational after transportation by all types of transport over any distance.

15. According to the type of climatic modification, the device belongs to version B, placement category 1 according to GOST 15150, but also meets the following requirements:

A). Cold resistance:

Operating temperature, o C, up to minus 50

Limit temperature, o C, up to minus 50

b). Heat resistance:

Operating temperature, o C, up to + 60

Operating temperature (short-term), o C, up to + 150 (within 30 s)

Limit temperature, o C, up to + 70

V). Moisture resistance:

Relative humidity, %, up to 98

Temperature, o C, up to + 35

G). Resistance to salt fog: according to GOST B 20.57.306

*Notes

1. Temperature limits apply to transport.

2. When performing diving work, the device is operational at a water temperature from 0 to + 30 o C.

16. Reliability indicators:

Average resource - 600 hours*;

Average service life - 10 years*;

The average shelf life in supplier packaging is 2 years (shelf life is included in the service life);

The probability of failure-free operation of the device is not less than 0.99 during continuous operation of 1 hour with a confidence probability of a = 0.8.

17. Weight of the uncharged device (without mask and rescue device) and its overall dimensions:

Version No. 1 (no more than 12 kg; 620x300x190)

Version No. 2 (no more than 13 kg; 660x300x175)

18. Mask weight - no more than 0.8 kg.

19. The mass of the rescue device mask is no more than 0.6 kg.

Breathing apparatus with compressed air AP-98-7K

The device is intended for use by units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, VGSO, production personnel and emergency rescue teams of enterprises with potentially hazardous production.

SPECIFICATIONS:

1. The device is operational at ambient temperatures from minus 40 to + 60 °C and relative humidity up to 95%.

2. The device is operational at an air pressure in the cylinder from 29.4 to 1.0 MPa (from 300 to 10 kgf/cm2).

3. In the under-mask space of the front part of the device during breathing, excess pressure is maintained with pulmonary ventilation up to 85 l/min and an ambient temperature range from minus 40 to + 60°C.

4. Excessive pressure in the under-mask space at zero air flow - (250±100) Pa [(25±10)) mm water. Art.].

5. The protective action time of the device during pulmonary ventilation is 30 l/min (moderate work), depending on the ambient temperature, corresponds to the values indicated in the table.

6. The actual breathing resistance during exhalation during the entire time of the protective action of the device and pulmonary ventilation of 30 l/min does not exceed:
. 350 Pa (35 mm water column) - at an ambient temperature of +25 ° C;
. 450 Pa (45 mm water column) - at an ambient temperature of minus 40 ° C.

7. The alarm device is activated when the pressure in the cylinder drops to 5.5 MPa (55 kgf/cm2), and the signal duration is at least 60 s.

8. The cylinders of the device can withstand at least 5000 loading (filling) cycles between zero and operating pressure.

9. The service life of the device is 10 years. Warranty period - 1 year.

10. The weight of the equipped apparatus (without a rescue device, with a hose with a plug nipple) does not exceed the values indicated in the table.

11. Mask weight - no more than 0.7 kg.

Breathing apparatus with compressed air AP-2000

The device is intended for use by units of the State Fire Service, Ministry of Emergency Situations, VGSO, production personnel and emergency rescue teams of enterprises with potentially hazardous production.

The firefighter's breathing apparatus ensures safe and comfortable work in a smoky or gas-filled environment where the use of filtering gas masks is impossible, as well as in places where there is a potential threat of the release of substances hazardous to the human respiratory system and vision, the concentration and composition of which cannot be predicted. The device acquired the following tactical and technical features:

Exceptional comfort at work:

the suspension system consists of a cast, more ergonomic panel and softened shoulder straps, created using new technologies using modern materials;
The connector for connecting a rescue device, included as standard, is located on the left shoulder strap, at the level of the user’s chest, which greatly simplifies the connection of a rescue device in conditions of poor visibility and when working in special clothing;
the lateral location of the cylinder valve handwheel facilitates its opening/closing when using the device in winter combat clothing;
A soft waist belt with shock-absorbing padding allows you to more evenly distribute the weight of the device and reduce the load on the spine.

High security:

the presence of a valve equipped with safety and shut-off valves prevents the cylinder from bursting due to excessive heating and eliminates the formation of a jet stream when the valve breaks off;
a rubber damper on the lower base of the panel protects the cylinder valve from vertical impacts when the device falls;
The modified AP-2000 lung valve is characterized by increased fire resistance and impact resistance, created using new materials.

Additional features:

flexible packaging;
the ability to work in a hose version from low-pressure compressed air supply systems (stationary and mobile) increases the period of protective action almost to “infinity”, which makes it possible to complete complex and labor-intensive work without interruptions for charging or changing cylinders;
The “quick fill” device is designed to quickly charge the device by bypassing compressed air from a transport cylinder, which makes it possible to provide the operating unit or calculation with the necessary amount of high-pressure air to continue work in the temperature range from minus 40 to + 60 ° C (a standard high-pressure compressor operates in temperature range from +5 to +45°C).

Easy Maintenance:

the hoses of the air duct system are connected using brackets, which simplifies installation/dismantling of the system;
the air duct system does not require adjustment and configuration during operation of the device;
the main components can be disassembled without the use of special tools, which facilitates repairs in the field and significantly reduces the load on the GDZS bases for servicing breathing apparatus;
the simplicity of the design allows the user to directly determine the cause of the malfunction in the event of an emergency.

A breathing apparatus with compressed air is an insulating tank apparatus in which the air supply is stored in cylinders at excess pressure in a compressed state. The breathing apparatus operates according to an open breathing pattern, in which air is drawn in from cylinders for inhalation and exhaled into the atmosphere. Breathing apparatus with compressed air are designed to protect the respiratory organs and vision of firefighters from the harmful effects of an unbreathable, toxic and smoky gas environment when extinguishing fires and performing emergency rescue operations. The air supply system provides a pulsed supply of air to the firefighter working in the apparatus. The volume of each portion of air depends on the breathing frequency and the magnitude of the inhalation vacuum. The air supply system of the device consists of a pulmonary valve and a gearbox; it can be single-stage, gearless or two-stage. A two-stage air supply system can be made of one structural element combining a gearbox and a lung demand valve or separately. Depending on the climatic design, breathing apparatus is divided into general purpose breathing apparatus, designed for use at ambient temperatures from -40 to +60°C, relative humidity up to 95%, and special purpose, designed for use at ambient temperatures from -50 to +50°C. +60°C, relative humidity up to 95%. All breathing apparatus used in the fire department of Russia must comply with the requirements imposed on them by NPB 165-97 "Fire fighting equipment. Breathing apparatus with compressed air for firefighters. General technical requirements and test methods." The breathing apparatus must be operational in breathing modes characterized by loads: from relative rest (pulmonary ventilation 12.5 dm 3 /min) to very hard work (pulmonary ventilation 85 dm 3 /min), at an ambient temperature from -40 to + 60°C, ensure functionality after being in an environment with a temperature of 200°C for 60 s. The devices are produced by manufacturers in various versions. The breathing apparatus kit includes: - breathing apparatus; - rescue device (if available); - spare parts kit; - operational documentation for DASV (operation manual and passport); - operational documentation for the cylinder (operation manual and passport); - operating instructions for the front part. The generally accepted working pressure in domestic and foreign DASV is 29.4 MPa. The total capacity of the cylinder (with pulmonary ventilation 30 l/min) must provide a conditional protective action time (CPTA) of at least 60 minutes, and the mass of the DASV must be no more than 16 kg with a CPV of 60 min and no more than 17.5 kg with a CPV of 120 min. Rice. 2.1. Schematic diagram of the device F1TC+90D "Basis" To control the air supply in the cylinder, air from the high-pressure cavity A flows through the high-pressure capillary tube 20 into the pressure gauge 23, and from the reduced-pressure cavity B through the signaling device 6 along the hose 21 to the whistle 22. When When the working air supply in the cylinder is exhausted, a whistle is turned on, warning with an audible signal of the need to immediately exit to a safe area. Compressed air breathing apparatus I1TC+90D "Basis" is designed for individual protection of the human respiratory system and vision from the harmful effects of an unbreathable, toxic and smoky gas environment when extinguishing fires in buildings, structures and production facilities in various areas of the national economy in a temperature range environment from -40°C to +60°C and staying in an environment with a temperature of 200°C for 60 s. The device is made in climatic version U placement category 1 according to GOST 15150, but is designed for use at ambient temperatures from -40 to +60°C, relative humidity up to 95%. The devices are produced in various versions, differing in the following characteristics: - complete with different types and number of cylinders; - the ability to be equipped with a rescue device with an adapter; - type of rescue device (with excess pressure under the front part or without excess pressure); - the type of the main front part (the front part of Panorama Nova Standard R No. R54450 or Panorama Nova R Russia No. R54660 can be used). Table 2.1 Main technical characteristics of the device I1TC+90D "Basis"

* - the device is equipped with an adapter for connecting a rescue device;

** - conditional time of protective action with pulmonary ventilation 30 dm 3 / min and ambient temperature 25 ° C;

*** - weight of the equipped apparatus with the front part without a rescue device.

The device is made according to an open (open) circuit with exhalation into the atmosphere and operates as follows: when the valve(s) are opened, high-pressure air flows from the cylinder(s) into the manifold (if any) and the gearbox filter, into the high-pressure cavity A and after reducing the reduced pressure into cavity B. The reducer maintains a constant reduced pressure in cavity B, regardless of changes in pressure in the cylinder(s).

In the event of a malfunction of the gearbox and, as a consequence, an increase in the reduced air pressure in cavity B, the safety valve is activated.

From cavity B of the reducer, air flows through hose 9 to the lung demand valve 17. When the device is equipped with a rescue device, air through adapter 8 flows to connector 18. The rescue device is connected through valve 19.

When inhaling, air from cavity B of the pulmonary valve through the intermediate valve 11 is supplied to cavity D of the mask 14. The air, blowing the glass 13, prevents it from fogging. Next, through the inhalation valves 12, air enters the breathing cavity D.

When you exhale, the inhalation valves close, preventing exhaled air from reaching the glass. To exhale air into the atmosphere, the exhalation valve 16, located in the valve box 15, opens. The spring-loaded exhalation valve allows you to maintain excess pressure in the under-mask space.

This device uses a standard pulmonary valve and gearbox developed by Drager. Therefore, let’s take a look at their design and operating principle. Gearbox "Drager":

Piston;

High pressure cavity;

Capillary fitting;

Alarm device adjustment screw;

Medium pressure hose connection

The reducer is designed to convert high air pressure in a cylinder in the range from 29.4 to 1 MPa to a constant reduced pressure in the range from 0.6 to 0.9 MPa. When the device is equipped with a rescue device, an adapter is installed in the gearbox, with the help of which the air duct line is routed.

The design of the gearbox includes a safety valve, structurally located on the nipple of the low pressure hose in the range from 1.3 to 2.0 MPa.

The pulmonary valve (Fig. 2.1) is designed to automatically supply air for the user to breathe and maintain excess pressure in the submask space.

The lung demand valve is turned on with the first breath and turned off by pressing the off button 7 (red) located on its front part. Additional air supply is carried out by pressing the button for turning on the additional air supply 8 (bypass). Ring 9 is used to seal the connection between the lung demand valve and the panoramic mask.

To avoid damage to the lung demand valve parts, it is strictly prohibited to simultaneously press the buttons to turn off the lung demand valve and the additional air supply.

Rice. 2.1. Device of the lung demand valve "Drager":

1 - fitting; 2 - body; 3 - valve; 4 - lever; 5 - cover; 6 - corner of the medium pressure hose; 7 - release lever spring; 8 - membrane retainer; 9 - membrane; 10 - o-ring; 11 - release lever; 12 - guide clamp; 13 - valve stem; 14 - balancing piston; 15 - spring; 16 - bushing; 17 - medium pressure cavity; 18 - lever

Conclusion on the issue: the purpose, performance characteristics, design and principle of operation of the Basis PTS are considered.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://allbest.ru

Characteristics and organization of operation of RPE, which are in service with the Special Directorate of the Federal Border Guard Service No. 79 of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia

Introduction

personal protection device

The continuous development of science and technology, the increase in fire hazardous industries, the complication of technological processes, the concentration in production and in buildings of a significant amount of combustible synthetic materials, the development of various industries, the trend of increasing the number of floors and area of public and residential buildings have significantly complicated the situation and conditions for fulfilling the main task of the units fire department for rescuing people, evacuating property and extinguishing fires, therefore, at the beginning of the last century, firefighters were faced with the problem of protecting the respiratory system and vision from the adverse effects of smoke and toxic substances released during combustion.

For the first time, Leningrad enthusiasts, fire department workers V.V., began to seriously address this problem. Dekhterev, G.E. Selitsky, M.F. Yuskin. It was thanks to them that on May 1, 1933, the country's first gas and smoke protection department was included in the combat crew of the Leningrad fire brigade.

Nowadays, the gas and smoke protection service has become firmly established in the work of Russian firefighters. Personal respiratory protection equipment is used when extinguishing about 20% of fires, and each extinguished fire using RPE is a kind of test for gas and smoke protection workers, as it requires personnel to mobilize all their strength, knowledge, experience, and makes it possible to test the quality of preparation for work in difficult conditions .

The gas and smoke protection service is one of the main ones in the complex of special fire protection services, since it is designed to ensure the conduct of fire departments in unbreathable environments when rescuing people, extinguishing fires and eliminating the consequences of accidents, therefore, very much attention is paid to the organization of the activities of the gas and smoke protection service .

Due to the special nature of the activities of the gas and smoke protection service, organizing and conducting training for personnel of the gas and smoke protection service is one of the main areas of official activity of the heads of management bodies, divisions, and institutions.

1. Organization of RPE operation

The operation of personal respiratory protection equipment is a set of measures for the use, maintenance, transportation, maintenance and storage of RPE.

Correct operation of RPE means compliance with the modes of use in which they function properly and comply with the safety requirements established in regulations.

Operation of RPE includes:

Maintenance;

Taking into account;

Providing bases and control posts of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate.

Maintenance of RPE.

Maintenance is a set of works and organizational and technical measures aimed at the effective use of SI-ZOD in good condition during operation.

The planned preventative system is recognized as a rational form of organizing maintenance. The basis for maintaining the system is periodically justified inspection and repair work aimed at identifying and eliminating faults before putting the facility into operation. The compulsory nature of the system is in this case the most appropriate form of implementation.

Depending on the purpose, the work can be divided into two groups:

1) a set of works aimed at maintaining the performance of RPE, checking the proper functioning of mechanisms and devices;

2) a set of works aimed at restoring the lost characteristics of RPE.

Maintenance is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Operation Manual for this DASV.

Maintenance includes:

1) operational check, checks No. 1, No. 2;

2) cleaning, rinsing, disinfection, lubrication and adjustment;

3) troubleshooting in the scope of routine repairs.

In the Special Directorate of the Federal Border Guard Service No. 79 of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, GDZS bases have been organized for the maintenance, storage and repair of RPE, as well as GDZS technical equipment. Technical repairs and maintenance of RPE are carried out at the GDZS bases.

DASV is assigned to gas and smoke protectors both on an individual basis and on a group basis: one DASV for no more than two people, provided that each gas and smoke protector is personally assigned a front part (panoramic mask).

The Special Directorate of the Federal Border Guard Service No. 79 of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia has a total of 166 compressed air breathing apparatus in service, of which:

36 breathing apparatus brand AIR - 98 MI;

16 breathing apparatus brand AP - 2000;

17 breathing apparatus PTS "BASIS";

75 PTS “Profi” breathing apparatuses;

22 breathing apparatus AP "Omega";

2. Technical characteristics of RPE in service with the SpecialDepartment of the Federal Border Guard Service No. 79 of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia

Isolating apparatus with compressed air for firefightersAIR-98MI

Breathing apparatus with compressed air AIR-98MI are designed to protect the human respiratory system and vision from the harmful effects of an unbreathable, toxic and smoky gas environment when extinguishing fires and performing emergency rescue operations in buildings, structures and production facilities in an unbreathable environment .

Figure 1-Isolating apparatus with compressed air for firefighters AIR-98MI

The apparatus (Fig. 1) includes: suspension system 1, cylinder with valve 2, reducer 3, manifold 4, adapter 5, hose 6, lung valve 7, panoramic mask 8, capillary 9 with alarm device 10, rescue device 11. The hose and capillary are fixed to the back using clamps 12. Bracket 13 is used to secure the gearbox to the back.

The device is an insulating tank breathing device with compressed air with a working pressure of 29.4 MPa and excess pressure under the front part. The device is equipped with a panoramic mask of height 1 with a panoramic mask of size “M” or height 2 with a panoramic mask of sizes “M”, “C” and “B”.

The designation of devices by design options and their technical characteristics are given in Table 1. Table 1

Name

parameters

Meaning

Execution

Number of cylinders, pcs.

Cylinder capacity, l

Cylinder designation

0,7…0,85 (7…8,5)

Reducer safety valve response pressure, MPa (kgf/cm2)

1,2…1,4 (12…14)

Defense time operation of the device with pulmonary ventilation 30 dm 3 /min. and T=25 0 C, min., not less

Excessive pressure in submass. space at zero flow, Pa (mm water column)

420…460 (42…46)

Fact. breathing resistance during exhalation, Pa (mm water column), no more

Actuation pressure of the alarm device, MPa (kgf/cm2)

5,0…6,0 (50…60)

Overall dimensions, mm, no more

Weight of the equipped vehicle (without rescue device), kg, no more

Weight of rescue device, kg, no more

Service life, years

Breathing apparatus AP-2000

protection of human respiratory organs and vision from the harmful effects of toxic and smoky gas environments when extinguishing fires and emergency rescue operations in buildings, structures and production facilities;

evacuation of a victim from an area with an unbreathable gas environment when used with a rescue device.

Main performance characteristics

The device is operational at an air pressure in the cylinder(s) from 29.4 to 1.0 MPa (from 300 to 10 kgf/cm2).

In the under-mask space of the front part of the device during breathing, excess pressure is maintained with pulmonary ventilation up to 85 l/min and an ambient temperature range from minus 40 to 60 C.

Excess pressure in the under-mask space at zero air flow - (300100) Pa [(3010) mm water. Art.].

The protective action time of the device during pulmonary ventilation is 30 l/min (moderate work), depending on the ambient temperature, corresponds to the values indicated in Table 2.

Figure 2. AP-2000 breathing apparatus

The apparatus (Fig. 2) includes: 6 - shoulder strap; 7 - hose; 8 - cylinder with valve; 9 - high pressure hose; 10 - whistle; 11 - signaling device housing; 12 - pressure gauge; 13 - plug nipple; 14 - hose of the device for recharging; 18 - valve handwheel; 19 - waist belt; 20 - charger connection lock; 21 - short hose; 22 - end belt; 23 - base; 24 - belt; 25 - lock; 26 - tee.

Table 2. Time of protective action of the device.

Execution	Protective action time, min, not less, at temperature, C
		minus (402)

The actual breathing resistance during exhalation during the entire time of the protective action of the device and during pulmonary ventilation is 30 l/min (moderate work) does not exceed:

350 Pa (35 mm water column) - at an ambient temperature of 25 C;

450 Pa (45 mm water column) - at an ambient temperature of minus 40 C.

Air consumption during operation of the additional supply device (bypass) is at least 70 l/min in the pressure range from 29.4 to 1.0 MPa (from 300 to 10 kgf/cm2).

The breathing resistance of the rescue device during inhalation and exhalation with pulmonary ventilation of 30 l/min does not exceed 350 Pa (35 mm water column).

The pulmonary valve of the rescue device opens at a vacuum of 50 to 350 Pa (5 to 35 mm of water column).

The high and reduced pressure systems of the apparatus are sealed, and after closing the cylinder valve (cylinder valves), the pressure drop does not exceed 2.0 MPa (20 kgf/cm 2) per minute.

The high and reduced pressure systems of the apparatus with a connected rescue device are sealed, and after closing the cylinder valve (cylinder valves), the pressure drop does not exceed 1.0 MPa (10 kgf/cm 2) per minute.

The air duct system of the device with the connected rescue device is sealed; when creating a vacuum pressure of 980 Pa (100 mm water column), the change in pressure in it does not exceed 314 Pa (32 mm water column) per minute.

The alarm device is activated when the pressure in the cylinder(s) drops to 6 MPa (60 kgf/cm2), and the duration of the signal is at least 60 s.

The sound pressure level of the signaling device (when measured directly at the sound source) is from 90 to 120 dBA, while the frequency response of the sound created by the signaling device is within the range of 2000...4000 Hz.

The cylinder valve is sealed in the open and closed positions at all pressures in the cylinder.

The valve is operational for at least 3000 opening and closing cycles.

The pressure at the reducer outlet (without flow) is:

no more than 0.9 MPa (9 kgf/cm2) at a pressure in the apparatus cylinder of 27.45...29.4 MPa (280...300 kgf/cm2);

not less than 0.45 MPa (4.5 kgf/cm2) at a pressure in the apparatus cylinder of 1 MPa (10 kgf/cm2).

The reducer safety valve opens when the pressure at the reducer outlet ranges from 1.1 to 1.8 MPa (11 to 18 kgf/cm2).

Breathing apparatus PTS+90D “Basis”

The device is designed for individual protection of the respiratory organs and vision of a person from the harmful effects of unsuitable for breathing, toxic and smoky gas environments when extinguishing fires in buildings, structures and production facilities in various areas of the national economy in the ambient temperature range from minus 40 0 C to 60 0 C and staying in an environment with a temperature of 200 0 C for 60 s. The device is made in climatic version U placement category 1 according to GOST 15150, but is designed for use at ambient temperatures from minus 40 0 C to 60 0 C, relative humidity up to 100%.

Attention! The device is supplied with air pressure in the cylinder(s) from 1.0 to 2.0 MPa (from 10 to 20 kg/cm2).

The apparatus includes: suspension system 1, cylinder with valve 2, reducer 3, manifold 4 (if the apparatus is equipped with two cylinders), adapter 5 (if equipped with a rescue device), capillary hose with a whistle alarm device 6, pressure gauge 7, hose 8, lung demand valve 9, front part 10.

Main technical characteristics.

Table 3 shows the main technical characteristics of the PTS+90D “Basis” breathing apparatus

Table 3 Main technical characteristics of the breathing apparatus PTS+90D “Basis”

Name of parameters	Meaning
1. Working pressure in the cylinder, MPa (kgf/cm2)
2. Reduced pressure at zero flow, MPa (kgf/cm2)	0,6...0,9 (6...9)
3. Response pressure of the reducer safety valve, MPa (kgf/cm2)	1,3...2,0 (13...20)
4. Excessive pressure in the submask space at zero flow, Pa (mm water column)	300...400 (30...40)
5. Actual breathing resistance during exhalation with pulmonary ventilation 30 dm 3 /min., Pa (mm water column), no more
6. Weight of the rescue device, kg, no more*
7. Service life, years

Breathing apparatus PTS "Profi"

The PTS “Profi” compressed air breathing apparatus (hereinafter referred to as the “device”) is designed to protect the human respiratory system and vision from the harmful effects of an unbreathable, toxic and smoky gas environment when extinguishing fires and performing emergency rescue operations in buildings and structures and at production facilities in the ambient temperature range from minus 40C to 60C and staying in an environment with a temperature of 200C for 60 s.

Attention! The device is supplied with air pressure in the cylinder(s) from 1.0 to 2.0 MPa (from 10 to 20 kg/cm²).

The device is made in climatic version U placement category 1 according to GOST 15150, but is designed for use at ambient temperatures from minus 40C to 60C, atmospheric pressure from 84 kPa to 133 kPa and relative humidity up to 95%.

The device is an insulating tank breathing device with compressed air with a working pressure of 29.4 MPa and excess pressure under the front part. The device is equipped with a panoramic mask PTS “Obzor” TU 4854-019-38996367-2002 or “Panorama Nova Standard” No. R54450.

Technical characteristics of the device and its components comply with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.186, NPB 165, NPB 178, NPB 190.

Figure 4 “Profi” breathing apparatus.

The apparatus (Fig. 4) includes: suspension system 1, cylinder with valve 2, reducer 3, manifold 4 (for the version of the apparatus with two cylinders), adapter 5, hose 6, lung demand valve 7, panoramic mask 8, capillary 9 (or high pressure hose) with alarm device 10, rescue device 11.

Main technical characteristics

Table 4 shows the main technical characteristics that are common to all versions of the Profi PTS devices.

Table 4 Main technical characteristics of PTS “Profi”

	Name of parameters	Meaning
	Working pressure in the cylinder, MPa (kgf/cm2)
	Reduced pressure at zero flow, MPa (kgf/cm2)	0,7…0,85 (7…8,5)
	Reducer safety valve response pressure, MPa (kgf/cm 2)	1,2…2,0(12…20)
	Excessive pressure in the under-mask space at zero flow, Pa (mm water column), no more
	Actual breathing resistance during exhalation with pulmonary ventilation 30 dm 3 /min, Pa (mm water column), no more	no more than 350 (35)
	Weight of rescue device, kg, no more
	Service life, years

AP breathing apparatus "Omega"

1. The device is operational at an air pressure in the cylinder from 29.4 to 1.0 MPa (from 300 to 10 kgf/cm2).

2. Excessive pressure in the under-mask space at zero air flow - (300 + 100)Pa.

3. The actual breathing resistance during exhalation does not exceed 350 Pa.

4. The valve of the lung demand valve of the rescue device opens at a vacuum of 50 to 350 Pa.

5. A constant supply rescue device provides air supply under the hood of at least 25 l/min.

6. The alarm device is activated when the pressure in the cylinder drops to 5.5 + 0.8 MPa.

7. The pressure at the outlet of the reducer is no more than 0.9 MPa when the pressure in the apparatus cylinder is from 27.45 to 29.4 MPa.

8. The reducer safety valve opens when the pressure at the reducer outlet ranges from 1.1 to 1.8 MPa.

9. Actuation pressure of the valve safety membrane is from 36 to 44 MPa.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that today the gas and smoke protection service is one of the main ones in the complex of special fire protection services, it still faces quite a few problems, the main of which are set out in the Concept for the development of the gas and smoke protection service in the State Fire Service system. Their main solutions, as well as priority areas for the development of gas and smoke protection services, are:

· improvement of the regulatory framework;

· increasing the efficiency of organizing the activities of the gas and smoke protection service;

· creation and implementation of new types of RPE with improved tactical and technical parameters;

· creation and development of the material and technical base of the gas and smoke protection service;

· improving the training system for gas and smoke protection workers;

· increasing the efficiency of organizing fire extinguishing actions using RPE;

· improvement of management and control activities;

· ensuring safe working conditions for firefighters.

Further development of the gas and smoke protection service will require quite a bit of effort, so solving these problems is the main task in organizing the gas and smoke protection service in the coming years.

The organization of the operation of RPE in the Special Directorate of the Federal Border Guard Service No. 79 of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia is at the proper level, all RPE undergo timely maintenance, high-quality repairs of incoming devices and filling of cylinders with air are carried out at the GDZS bases. When conducting outdoor exercises in RPE, no gross violations of work rules and safety regulations that could lead to breakdown or failure of the equipment were observed.

Bibliography

1. Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated January 09, 2013 No. 3 “On approval of the Rules for carrying out emergency rescue operations by personnel of the federal fire service of the State Fire Service when extinguishing fires using personal respiratory and vision protection in an unbreathable environment.”

2.Operation manual « Isolating apparatus with compressed air for firefighters AIR-98MI" Moscow 2001

3. Operating manual “Compressed air breathing apparatus for firefighters PTS+90D “BASIS” 2000.

4. Operating manual “Compressed air breathing apparatus for firefighters PTS “PROFI” Moscow 2002

5. Operating manual “Respiratory apparatus AP-2000” KAMPO.

6. Operating manual “Respiratory apparatus AP “OMEGA” KAMPO.

Posted on Allbest.ru