Paint and varnish materials are applied to the protected surface, as a rule, using multi-layer systems, which can consist of primers, putties, and enamels for various purposes. At the same time, the paint and varnish materials included in the system can be heterogeneous not only in the pigment part, but also in the film-forming base, but they must be compatible with each other. The ISO 12944-5 standard defines compatibility of coatings as the ability of two or more coatings to be used in a coating system without causing undesirable effects. The use of materials with incompatible binders and solvents that do not provide the necessary interlayer adhesion or high-quality uniform layer-by-layer coating leads to the need to remove the poor-quality coating and repeat preparatory and painting work.
When creating coating systems, it is best to use materials with one type of binder. This is especially true for chemically cured materials (epoxy and polyurethane). To ensure the necessary interlayer adhesion when applying these materials to them, it is necessary to very accurately follow the recommendations for interlayer drying time. Epoxies and polyurethanes contain very active solvents (xylene, acetone, cyclohexanone), so these materials cannot be applied over reversible physical curing coatings (chlorinated rubber, vinyl, copolymer-vinyl chloride, nitrocellulose, etc.), because Dissolution of reversible coatings and the formation of defects may occur. When applying epoxy or polyurethane coatings to materials that cure with oxygen in air (alkyd, oil), swelling and sub-dissolution of these coatings and peeling of the entire coating from the metal may occur.
Polyurethane enamels can only be applied over polyurethane, polyvinyl butyral or epoxy primers and enamels, observing the requirements for interlayer drying conditions to ensure interlayer adhesion. Epoxy enamels Can only be applied over epoxy, polyvinyl butyral, zinc silicate and ethyl silicate primers and enamels.
Organosilicon and silicate paints and varnishes are not recommended to be applied over any other types of paints and varnishes, because most of them are heat-curing materials.
Alkyd and oil enamels can be applied to almost all physically curing paints and varnishes, except bitumen and pitch. In the case of using alkyd and oil enamels on coatings containing bitumen and pitches, the latter may migrate to the upper layers and change their color.
Vinyl, copolymer vinyl chloride and chlorinated rubber materials can be applied over polyvinyl butyral, acrylic, epoxy ester, zinc silicate and epoxy materials.
When choosing paint and varnish materials for repairing coatings after use, first of all, it is necessary to clarify the paint and varnish materials used in the previous painting.
When making repairs, it is better to use the same paints and varnishes as for the previous painting or similar ones (using the same binder).
To eliminate errors, it is best to use the experimentally verified recommendations given in technological instructions or other documents on this material.
Generalized experimental data on the compatibility of coatings on various film-forming bases are presented in table.
Table 1
Compatibility of decorative paints and varnishes with primers. (download table)
|
Designation of primers based on the binder |
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Alkyd-Acrylic |
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|
Alkyd-styrene |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Alkyd-Urethane |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Alkyd-Epoxy |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Glypthal |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Rosin |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Rubber |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Organosilicon |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Oily |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Oil-styrene |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Melamine |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Urea |
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|
Nitroalkyd |
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Nitrocellulose |
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|
Polyacrylic |
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|
Polyvinyl chloride |
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Polyurethane |
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Polyester |
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Pentaphthalic |
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Perchlorovinyl |
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Copolymer- |
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Epoxy |
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Epoxy ester |
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|
Ethrifthalic |
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Compatibility of putties with finishing paints and varnishes
|
Compatibility of putties with primers
|
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| Designation |
Name of the main film-forming substances |
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| Alkyd-acrylic | AC | Copolymers of acrylates with alkyds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alkyd-urethane | AU | Alkyd resins modified with polyisonates (uralkyds) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cellulose acetate | AC | Cellulose acetate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cellulose acetobutyrate | AB | Cellulose acetobutyrate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bituminous | BT | Natural asphalts and asphaltites. Artificial bitumen. Peki | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vinylacetylene and divinylacetylene | VN | Divinylacetylene resins and vinyl acetylene |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glypthal | GF | Alkyd glycerophthalate resins (glypthal) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rosin | KF | Rosin and its derivatives: calcium, zinc resinates, etc., rosin esters, rosin-maleic resin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kauchukovyk | CC | Divinylstyrene, divinylnitrile and other latexes, chlorinated rubber, cyclo rubber | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| copalaceae | KP | Copals - fossil resins, artificial copals |
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| Organosilicon | KO | Organosilicon resins - polyorganosiloxane, polyorganosilazanosiloxane, organosilicon-urethane and other resins | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Xyphthalic | CT | Alkyd xylitophthalic resins (xyphthals) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oil and alkyd styrene | MS | Oil-styrene resins, alkyd-styrene resins (copolymers) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oily | MA | Oils vegetable drying oils natural, "oxol" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Paint and varnish materials are applied to the protected surface, as a rule, using multi-layer systems, which can consist of primers, putties, and enamels for various purposes. At the same time, the paint and varnish materials included in the system can be heterogeneous not only in the pigment part, but also in the film-forming base, but they must be compatible with each other. The ISO 12944-5 standard defines compatibility of coatings as the ability of two or more coatings to be used in a coating system without causing undesirable effects. The use of materials with incompatible binders and solvents that do not provide the necessary interlayer adhesion or high-quality uniform layer-by-layer coating leads to the need to remove the poor-quality coating and repeat preparatory and painting work.
When creating coating systems, it is best to use materials with one type of binder. This is especially true for chemically cured materials (epoxy and polyurethane). To ensure the necessary interlayer adhesion when applying these materials to them, it is necessary to very accurately follow the recommendations for interlayer drying time. Epoxies and polyurethanes contain very active solvents (xylene, acetone, cyclohexanone), so these materials cannot be applied over reversible physical curing coatings (chlorinated rubber, vinyl, copolymer-vinyl chloride, nitrocellulose, etc.), because Dissolution of reversible coatings and the formation of defects may occur. When applying epoxy or polyurethane coatings to materials that cure with oxygen in air (alkyd, oil), swelling and sub-dissolution of these coatings and peeling of the entire coating from the metal may occur.
Polyurethane enamels can only be applied over polyurethane, polyvinyl butyral or epoxy primers and enamels, observing the requirements for interlayer drying conditions to ensure interlayer adhesion. Epoxy enamels can only be applied over epoxy, polyvinyl butyral, zinc silicate and ethyl silicate primers and enamels.
Organosilicon and silicate paints and varnishes are not recommended to be applied over any other types of paints and varnishes, because most of them are heat-curing materials.
Alkyd and oil enamels can be applied to almost all physically curing paints and varnishes, except bitumen and pitch. In the case of using alkyd and oil enamels on coatings containing bitumen and pitches, the latter may migrate to the upper layers and change their color.
Vinyl, copolymer vinyl chloride and chlorinated rubber materials can be applied over polyvinyl butyral, acrylic, epoxy ester, zinc silicate and epoxy materials.
When choosing paint and varnish materials for repairing coatings after use, first of all, it is necessary to clarify the paint and varnish materials used in the previous painting.
When making repairs, it is better to use the same paints and varnishes as for the previous painting or similar ones (using the same binder).
To eliminate errors, it is best to use experimentally verified recommendations given in the technological instructions or other documents for this material.
Generalized experimental data on the compatibility of coatings on various film-forming bases are presented in table. 1.
|
Previous coating (base) |
Subsequent coating designation |
|||||||||||||
|
MA |
Alc. |
BT |
HB+bake |
HV |
VL |
CC |
EF |
EP |
EP+ pitch |
UR |
KO |
ZhS |
||
|
Oil, oil-resin |
||||||||||||||
|
Alkyd |
||||||||||||||
|
Bitumen and pitch |
||||||||||||||
|
Vinyl-pitch and chlorinated rubber-pitch |
||||||||||||||
|
Vinyl |
||||||||||||||
|
Polyvinyl-butyral |
||||||||||||||
|
Chlorine rubber |
||||||||||||||
|
Epoxy ester |
||||||||||||||
|
Epoxy |
||||||||||||||
|
Epoxy-pitch |
||||||||||||||
|
Polyurethane |
||||||||||||||
|
Krenium-organic |
||||||||||||||
|
Zinc silicate on liquid glass |
||||||||||||||
Notes:
“+” - can be applied
“-” - cannot be applied
“digital” - can be applied with the following restrictions:
1. In case the epoxy ester film-forming agent is diluted
white spirit;
2. If bitumen and pitches do not penetrate (do not migrate) to the surface
3. When applying anti-fouling enamel, it is advisable to use
intermediate layer to prevent diffusion of toxins into bitumen
(pitch) underlying layers;
4. After adhesion testing due to the variety of incoming solvents;
5. After roughening or tack coating;
6. After use for at least 3 months.
When choosing shop-grade primers, it is necessary to take into account their compatibility with the coating systems used in the future. For the right choice should be guided by the table. 2. (recommendations of the ISO 12944-5 standard).
Table 3.2
Compatibility of inter-operation (factory) primers with paint and varnish materials based on various film-forming agents
|
Factory primer |
Compatibility of the primer with paints and varnishes |
||||||||
|
Binder type |
Anti-corrosion pigment |
Alkyd |
Chlorinated rubber |
Vinyl |
Acrylic |
Epoxy 1) |
Polyurethane |
Silicate / with zinc powder |
Bituminous |
|
1. Alkyd |
Mixed |
||||||||
|
2. Polyvinyl-butyral |
Mixed |
||||||||
|
3. Epoxy |
Mixed |
||||||||
|
4. Epoxy |
Zinc powder |
||||||||
|
5. Silicate |
Zinc powder |
||||||||
Notes:
“+” - Compatible
“(+)” - Check for compatibility with the participation of the paint manufacturer
“-” - No compatibility
1) - Including combinations with epoxies, for example, based on coal tar varnish.
Compatibility of finishing paints and varnishes (LCMs) with primers (or old paint and varnish coatings) Type of paintwork Type of primers VD AK AS AU VL GF ML MC PF UR FL XV EP HS VD + AK + + + + + + AS + + + + + + + + AU + + + + + GF + + + + + + + KO + MA + + + + ML + + + + + + + + MS + + + + + MC + + + + + + + + NC + + + HV + + + + + + + + + UR + + + + + PF + + + + + + + EP + + + + + + + + + HS + + + + + + + + Paints and primers: VD - water-borne; AC - alkyd-acrylic; AU - alkyd-urethane; EP - alkyd-epoxy or epoxy; GF - glypthal; KO - organosilicon; MA - oil; ML - melamine; MS - oil and alkyd styrene; MP - urea; NC - nitrocellulose; AK - polyacrylic; HV - polyvinyl chloride or perchlorovinyl; UR - polyurethane; PF - pentaphthalic; CS - copolymer-vinyl chloride; VL - polyvinyl acetal; AK - polyacrylate; FL - phenolic
Subsequent coating designation
Oil, oil-resin
Alkyd
Bitumen and pitch
Vinyl-pitch and chlorinated rubber-pitch
Vinyl
Polyvinyl-butyral
Chlorine rubber
Epoxy ester
Epoxy
Epoxy-pitch
Polyurethane
Krenium-organic
Zinc silicate on liquid glass
Notes:
"+" - can be applied
"-" - cannot be applied
"digital" - can be applied with the following restrictions:
1. In case the epoxy ester film-forming agent is diluted
white spirit;
2. If bitumen and pitches do not penetrate (do not migrate) to the surface
3. When applying anti-fouling enamel, it is advisable to use
intermediate to prevent diffusion of toxins into bitumen
(pitch) underlying layers;
4. After adhesion testing due to the variety of incoming solvents;
5. After roughening or tack coating;
6. After use for at least 3 months.
When choosing shop-grade primers, it is necessary to take into account their compatibility with the coating systems used in the future. To make the right choice, you should be guided by the table. 2. (recommendations of the ISO 12944-5 standard).
Table 3.2
Compatibility of shop-floor (factory) primers with paints and varnishes based on various film-forming agents
Factory primer
Compatibility with paints and varnishes
Binder type
Anti-corrosion pigment
Alkyd
Chlorinated rubber
Vinyl
Acrylic
Epoxy1)
Polyurethane
Silicate / with zinc powder
Bituminous
1. Alkyd
Mixed
2. Polyvinyl-butyral
Mixed
3. Epoxy
Mixed
4. Epoxy
Zinc powder
5. Silicate
Zinc powder
Notes:
"+" - Compatible
"(+)" - Check for compatibility with the participation of the paint manufacturer
"-" - No compatibility
1) - Including combinations with epoxies, for example, based on coal tar varnish.