The door leaf is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas can be frame or panel construction. When frame structure, used to lighten the weight of the canvas and give greater possibilities for decoration, the internal cavities not occupied by the structure are filled with either honeycomb filler, or chipboard, MDF, or solid wood blocks. Typically, the canvas is hung using hinges on the box, or using rollers on a sliding rail. A door can consist of one, two or more door leaves.
A door frame is an assembly unit of a door block of a frame structure, intended for hanging panels and fixedly attached to the walls of the doorway.
Straps door leaf(with a frame solution) - these are bars, mainly from coniferous species wood located around the perimeter of the door.
Middles are bars that divide the internal space of the canvas into sections for the subsequent installation of panels or glass, and serve as a connection between the frames.
Panels are panels that fill the space between the frames and mullions. Based on the type of connection with the strapping, the panels are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, and with layouts.
Molding is a shaped profile on the edges framing the panel or glass.
Layouts are embossed profile slats attached to the front surfaces of the door leaf and serve to “revive” appearance simple smooth surfaces or, at the same time, reinforcing panels or glass.
Frame (or bead) - an intermediate frame element for attaching panels or glass to the frame.
Lips or door flaps are embossed profile slats designed to cover the narthex of double-leaf doors.
Door slabs are blocks with a shaped profile intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass, as well as strengthening the entire structure of the door leaf.
Decorative overlays (false slabs) - overhead decorative profiles glued to glass or a double-glazed window from the inside or outside and forming a false binding (false binding).
Plinth - a sewn-on narrow panel with which to close assembly seams and cavities that arise between the floor and the wall when installing floors.
Platbands - wooden (plastic) profile strips used for framing doorway and to cover the gaps between the frame and the wall. Platbands are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and doweled. Their sizes and finishing and manufacturing materials are also different.
Bedside tables - the transition from the trim to the baseboards and floor is decorated with bedside tables.
The narthex is the junction (connection) of the door leaf with the pillars of the door frame. This is a protruding part on the outside of the door leaf or with inside frames that cover the gap between them when the door is closed. The narthex is usually included in the design of doors, the hinges of which are located on the vertical side planes of the door leaf. The porch is most often absent if in door block Loops installed at the top and bottom of the canvas are used.
Threshold - a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway, which serves to improve thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance of the door, as well as to cover the junction between floors made of different materials in adjacent rooms. It also applies in case of differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.
Flashing - a part designed to remove water and protect the lower parts of windows and balcony doors from moisture penetration. Typically the tide is set to outside lower horizontal profile window and is its integral part.
A profile is a measured section of a product produced by extrusion, with a given shape and cross-sectional dimensions. This technology is usually used for the manufacture of profiles from aluminum alloys. These profiles are used in the production of modern window and door frames.
Profile system - a set (set) of main and additional profiles that form a complete structural system door (window) blocks, reflected in technical documentation for its manufacture, installation and operation.
Seals are elastic gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section that run along the entire perimeter of the window between the frame and sashes and protect against cold air, noise and moisture. Seals are also widely used in the production of doors and are installed both in the box to dampen noise when closing the door, and in the grooves where glass is then placed.
Reinforcing liner - profile steel element, installed in the main chamber of the main profile to absorb operational loads.
Panel - an area highlighted with thin profiled frames, a shield made of thin boards, plywood or plastic, covering the gap in the frame of the door leaf.
The main components of doors remain today almost the same as they have been for many centuries. But in modern doors they can be made from new materials, using latest technologies. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to achieve the required technical characteristics, and on the other hand, get unlimited possibilities for artistic solutions for doors.
Doors are installed in doorways, left in walls and partitions separating rooms. Let us briefly remind the reader of what main parts the door consists of.
The individual parts and details of the doors have the following names:
- the part of the door that opens is called door leaf;
- the frame installed in the doorway on which door panels are hung is called door frame;
- to design the opening and cover the gap between the box and the partition or wall, install along the perimeter of the box platbands;
- the transition from platbands to baseboards and floors can be formalized bedside tables;
- to improve the thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire resistance of the door, suit door threshold, which is a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway;
- can be used to protect the lower part of the door leaf from contamination and damage plinth(mainly at external doors);
- door strips are called bars with a shaped profile, designed to cover the vestibule of double-leaf doors;
- door slabs are called bars with a shaped profile designed to divide the glazed part of the door and strengthen the glass;
- door leaf straps, with a frame (paneled) door solution, the main bars are called, middlemen- bars that divide the door leaf into parts and serve as a connection between the frames;
- panels are called individual shields that fill the space between the trims and mullions;
- door leaves are attached to the frame (hung) on loops;
- attached to the canvases door devices: locks, handles, bolts (latches), safety chains, etc.;
- to increase the sound and heat-insulating properties of doors, special seals.
This is not a complete list of elements that can be used to make doors. For example, guides and rollers are used for sliding and folding doors, special insulation and double-glazed windows are used for heat-insulating doors, etc. More details from design features Each type of door can be found below in the relevant sections.
Door leaf- this is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas can be frame or panel construction. In the case of a frame structure, used to lighten the weight of the canvas and provide greater possibilities for decoration, the internal cavities not occupied by the structure are filled with either honeycomb filler, or chipboard, MDF, or solid wood blocks. Typically, the canvas is hung using hinges on the box, or using rollers on a sliding rail. A door can consist of one, two or more door leaves.
Door frame- an assembly unit of a door block of a frame structure, intended for hanging panels and fixedly attached to the walls of the doorway.
Door panel straps (with frame solution)
- these are bars, mainly made of coniferous wood, located around the perimeter of the door.
Sredniki
- bars that divide the internal space of the canvas into sections for the subsequent installation of panels or glass, and serve as a connection between the straps.
Panels
- shields filling the space between the trims and mullions. Based on the type of connection with the strapping, the panels are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, and with layouts.
Mold
- shaped profile on the edges framing the panel or glass.
Layouts
- These are embossed profile slats attached to the front surfaces of the door leaf and serve to “revitalize” the appearance of simple smooth surfaces or, at the same time, strengthen panels or glass.
Frame (or bead)
- an intermediate frame element for attaching panels or glass to the frame.
Jaws or door strips
- These are embossed profile slats designed to cover the vestibule of double-leaf doors.
Door slabs
- blocks with a shaped profile, intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass, as well as strengthening the entire structure of the door leaf.
Decorative overlays (false croakers)
- overhead decorative profiles, glued to glass or double-glazed windows from the inside or outside and forming a false binding (false binding).
Skirting
- a sewn-on narrow panel, with the help of which the installation seams and cavities that arise between the floor and the wall when installing floors are closed.
Platbands
- wooden (plastic) profile strips used to frame the doorway and to cover the gaps between the frame and the wall. Platbands are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and doweled. Their sizes and finishing and manufacturing materials are also different.
Nightstands
- the transition from the platbands to the baseboards and floor is decorated with bedside tables.
Narthex
- the place of abutment (connection) of the door leaf with the door frame pillars. This is a protruding part on the outside of the door leaf or on the inside of the frame that closes the gap between them when the door is closed. The narthex is usually included in the design of doors, the hinges of which are located on the vertical side planes of the door leaf. The rebate is most often absent if the door block uses hinges installed at the top and bottom of the door leaf.
Threshold
- a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway, which serves to improve thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance of the door, as well as to cover the junction between floors made of different materials in adjacent rooms. It also applies in case of differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.
Low tide
- a part designed to remove water and protect the lower parts of windows and balcony doors from moisture penetration. Usually the ebb is installed on the outer side of the lower horizontal profile of the window and is its integral part.
Profile
- a measured section of a product produced by extrusion, with a given shape and cross-sectional dimensions. This technology is usually used for the manufacture of profiles from aluminum alloys. These profiles are used in the production of modern window and door frames.
Profile system
- a set (set) of main and additional profiles that form a complete structural system of door (window) blocks, reflected in the technical documentation for its manufacture, installation and operation.
Seals
- elastic gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section, running along the entire perimeter of the window between the frame and the sashes and protecting against cold air, noise and moisture. Seals are also widely used in the production of doors and are installed both in the box to dampen noise when closing the door, and in the grooves where glass is then placed.
Reinforcing liner
- a profile steel element installed in the main chamber of the main profile to absorb operational loads. Panel - an area highlighted with thin profiled frames, a shield made of thin boards, plywood or plastic, covering the gap in the frame of the door leaf.
Massive doors
Doors of this type are made of various, valuable types of wood. The price of such products, as a rule, is significantly higher than doors with honeycomb filling, and they weigh more. To emphasize the structure of the wood, the manufacturer paints them with various wood impregnations or simply transparent varnishes. In addition to the decorative function, such processing also plays another role. The door is less susceptible to damage by fungi, mold, insects, and is more resistant to fading in light. Such doors are also called simply - array. They can be smooth or paneled, blind or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.
Semi-massive doors
The wooden blocks between two MDF sheets in such a door leaf are not located “joint to joint”, but at some distance from each other. Otherwise, everything said about massive doors is also true for semi-massive ones.
Doors with honeycomb filling
You've probably seen honeycombs made of wax. Exactly the same honeycombs, only made of pressed cardboard, less often made of hardboard, fill the void inside the door. The door frame is made, as a rule, from solid pine, which allows you to embed a lock on one vertical side and attach door hinges on the other. The strength of such doors, of course, is inferior to that of solid doors, and they are not recommended for use as entrance doors. But indoors (offices, apartments, houses, etc.) - this is the most suitable option. And one should not doubt their strength for these purposes. Door leaf with honeycomb filling can easily withstand loads of up to 80 kg. Just like solid and semi-solid doors, doors with honeycomb filling can be smooth or paneled, solid or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc. Such doors are also called lightweight doors.
Paneled doors
The fabric on both sides of these doors is not smooth. Doors, as a rule, have embedded rectilinear or rounded decorative recesses. They can be: lightweight, solid or semi-massive, glass or solid, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.
Smooth doors
The direct opposite of paneled doors. These doors have an absolutely smooth surface. Otherwise, everything said for paneled doors is also true for smooth ones.
Doors with glass
Window frames of various configurations are embedded in such doors. The buyer can choose the glass according to his taste. Here he will not experience any difficulties in choosing. A great variety of them are now offered: - corrugated, matte, stained glass, etc.
The doors are solid
These doors do not have window frames.
Single doors
An ordinary door consisting of one leaf.
Double-leaf swing doors (equal and unequal)
The door consists of two panels. These doors are also divided into equal and unequal. In equal-sex swing doors both canvases are the same width; for unequal-field ones, one of the canvases is much narrower, which can also be called widening.
Veneered doors
Veneer is a thin cut from wood (literally as thick as thin cardboard). Various tree species are used as raw materials. This same veneer is used to cover the door panels.
Laminated doors
Typically, smooth doors with laminate glued on them, decorated to look like different types of wood or painted in different colors.
Laminated doors
Almost the same as laminate. The only difference is that this coating is less wear-resistant than laminate. It’s true that such doors are cheaper than laminated ones.
Left-hand doors
Standing in front of the door, we open it toward ourselves with our left hand. The door hinges (in the frame) on which the door is hung are located on the left, the lock with handle, etc., is built in on the right - the door is left-handed.
Right-hand doors
We open the door towards ourselves right hand. The door hinges (in the frame) on which the door is hung are located on the right, the lock with handle, etc., is built in on the left - the door is right-handed.
Doors with a rebate (with a quarter)
There is also such a thing as a porch or quarter. At the end of the door leaf, on two or more sides, three quarters of the thickness of the door leaf is selected and one quarter is left. Thus, complete with the corresponding door frame, such a door when closed has no visible gaps between the frame and the door leaf.
Fireproof or fire-resistant doors (fireproof)
As the name implies, these doors have special properties and meet increased requirements for fire resistance and sound insulation. They can be decorated with any of the above materials and colors. But their price is correspondingly higher than non-fire doors.
Door furniture
We are talking about locks, handles, plumbing latches (rotary knobs), cylinders (cores) and plugs. Manufacturers meet customers' needs, so the choice here is also very large. Try not to make a mistake in selecting hardware components and purchase them as a set. Although, now there are certain standards and successful combinations are possible. Oh, and don't forget the door hinges. When choosing them, take into account whether your door will be left-handed or right-handed. Some manufacturers already equip their products with embedded locks at the factory.
Door frames, platband
Usually supplied with the door. Both MDF and various types of wood are used as raw materials. There are boxes that are adjustable to the thickness of the walls. They can be painted or decorated with veneer or laminate. The same can be said about the platband.
People who are not professionally versed in carpentry are accustomed to the fact that a door is something monolithic, a complete product, and yet many centuries have passed since doors began to be made from several elements, the quality of each of which is very important for quality wooden door generally. We will tell you about these components of the door.
Components interior door
Usually the door leaf, in fact, is called the door, but in fact, this is far from the only part general design. This is the part of the door that covers the doorway. Made canvas maybe from solid wood and MDF, if we are really talking about doors, of course high level. The door leaf can be either solid or with various types of glass inserts, wooden gratings etc.
Methods for decorating the door leaf can be different - these include wood carving, veneer finishing of various types of wood, plastic or metal elements, etc. There can be a huge variety of options in external design.
The leaf itself consists either of a frame made of solid wood beams, or of elements called pillars, ligaments and a paneled part (that is, solid wood panels, paneled doors). The vertical side elements are pillars (racks) - the hinges are attached to them and the lock is embedded. Transverse (horizontal) elements are ligaments. Everything that is inside this so-called frame is called a panel (paneled part). The paneled part can be either made of solid wood or MDF, or replaced with glass. There may be two or more paneled parts.
2. Box
Hinged to attach to box- that is, to two racks and a crossbar, which in turn are attached to the wall opening. Sometimes an additional crossbar is placed below - a “threshold”.
The box must be massive and resistant to changes in temperature and humidity. This is important for secure fastening door design in the doorway.
It is advisable to insert seals into the racks and crossbars, as in plastic windows. This will reduce the sounds of closing the door, as well as all sounds, and will prevent odors and drafts from spreading throughout the apartment.
3. Platbands
Platbands are wooden planks that cover the junction of the frame and the wall (seam), forming a common doorway. They come in different shapes:
Rectangular,
- semicircular and figured (that is, radius).
Platbands They are attached to the box using special nails so that the caps are not visible.
Platbands are made of wood or MDF.
4. Extras
If the walls are wide enough, then between the frame and the platband there remains an unclosed space in the alignment of the wall opening.
Extensions are used to close this opening. They look like wide rectangular frames.
5. Accessories
Accessories are hinges, door handles, locks, chains, bolts, in general, all the remaining parts of the door structure.
Classic door fittings are most often made of brass. Of course, the fittings must correspond to the overall design of the door, because it largely reflects whether a wooden door belongs to a particular style.
To choose the right door, you first need to understand what parts it consists of. What could a standard interior door consist of?
The most common door consists of two main parts: moldings and the door leaf itself.
Let's start with the door leaf. The door leaf is the part of the door that opens and closes the doorway. Most often, interior door leaves are made from solid wood or MDF and chipboard. It is also worth noting that the door leaf can have a honeycomb structure or have a solid pine frame inside it. If the doorway leaf is made of chipboard or solid wood, then it weighs about 20-30 kilograms. And the fabric with a honeycomb structure, despite the fact that it can withstand loads of up to 80 kg, weighs only from 10 to 15 kg, while it has excellent sound insulation and is also resistant to temperature changes.
The second integral component of the door is the molding, which can be standard or telescopic. Telescopic moldings, unlike standard ones, have grooves with which you can expand the box to the desired thickness.
The molding, in turn, consists of platbands, boxes and extensions.
The frame is that part of the door on which the door leaf is hung using hinges; it consists of a horizontal crossbar and two vertical racks. The box can be standard rectangular, or it can be complex geometric figure. If the door molding is telescopic, then there will be slots in the frame for the trim.
It happens that the wall turns out to be wider than the door frame. In this case, use additional. Additional strips are made from the same material as the doors and installed flush against door frame, which gives the structure solidity.
The platbands serve the function of improving the appearance of the doorway, covering the junction of the door leaf with the frame. Most often they are made of the same material as the entire door structure.
When choosing a door, do not forget about such details as the seal, fittings and threshold.
The seal is needed to improve sound insulation, as well as to absorb shock when closing the door. The seal significantly reduces the amount of dust that enters the room through the doorway. It must be remembered that the seal must be soft.
When choosing a threshold and fittings, you need to pay attention to its combination with the main design of your apartment.