Ecological problem is a change in the natural environment as a result of human activity, leading to disruption of the structure and functioning nature . This is a man-made problem. In other words, it arises as a result of the negative impact of humans on nature.
Environmental problems can be local (affecting a specific area), regional (a specific region) and global (impacting the entire biosphere of the planet).
Can you give an example of a local environmental problem in your region?
Regional problems cover large regions and their impact affects a large part of the population. For example, pollution of the Volga is a regional problem for the entire Volga region.
The drainage of the Polesie swamps caused negative changes in Belarus and Ukraine. Changes in the water level of the Aral Sea are a problem for the entire Central Asian region.
Global environmental problems include problems that pose a threat to all of humanity.
Which of the global environmental problems, from your point of view, are of greatest concern? Why?
Let's take a quick look at how they changed ecological problems throughout the history of human development.
Actually, in a sense, the entire history of human development is a history of increasing impact on the biosphere. In fact, humanity in its progressive development has moved from one environmental crisis to another. But crises in ancient times were local in nature, and environmental changes were, as a rule, reversible, or did not threaten people with total death.
Primitive man, engaged in gathering and hunting, unwittingly disrupted the ecological balance in the biosphere everywhere and spontaneously caused harm to nature. It is believed that the first anthropogenic crisis (10-50 thousand years ago) was associated with the development of hunting and overhunting of wild animals, when the mammoth, cave lion and bear, on which the hunting efforts of the Cro-Magnons were directed, disappeared from the face of the earth. Particularly harmful was the use of primitive people fire - they burned the forests. This led to a decrease in river levels and groundwater. Overgrazing of livestock on pastures may have resulted ecologically in the creation of the Sahara Desert.
Then, about 2 thousand years ago, there followed a crisis associated with the use of irrigated agriculture. He led to the development large quantity clayey and saline deserts. But let’s take into account that in those days the population of the Earth was small, and, as a rule, people had the opportunity to move to other places that were more suitable for life (which is impossible to do now).
In the era of the Great geographical discoveries the impact on the biosphere has increased. This is due to the development of new lands, which was accompanied by the extermination of many species of animals (remember, for example, the fate of the American bison) and the transformation of vast territories into fields and pastures. However, human impact on the biosphere acquired global proportions only after industrial revolution XVII-XVIII centuries At this time, the scale of human activity increased significantly, as a result of which the geochemical processes occurring in the biosphere began to transform (1). In parallel with the progress of scientific and technological progress, the number of people has increased sharply (from 500 million in 1650, the conditional beginning of the industrial revolution - to the current 7 billion), and, accordingly, the need for food and industrial goods, and for more and more fuel, has increased , metal, cars. This has led to a rapid increase in the load on ecological systems, and the level of this load in the middle of the 20th century. - beginning of the 21st century reached a critical value.
How do you understand in this context the contradictory results of technological progress for people?
Humanity has entered an era of global environmental crisis. Its main components:
- depletion of energy and other resources of the planet's interior
- Greenhouse effect,
- ozone layer depletion,
- soil degradation,
- radiation hazard,
- transboundary transfer of pollution, etc.
The movement of humanity towards an environmental catastrophe of a planetary nature is confirmed by numerous facts. People are continuously accumulating the number of compounds that cannot be utilized by nature, developing dangerous technologies, storing and transporting many pesticides and explosives, polluting the atmosphere, hydrosphere and soil. In addition, the energy potential is constantly increasing, the greenhouse effect is being stimulated, etc.
There is a threat of loss of stability of the biosphere (disruption of the eternal course of events) and its transition to a new state, excluding the very possibility of human existence. It is often said that one of the reasons for the environmental crisis our planet is in is a crisis of human consciousness. What do you think of it?
But humanity is still able to solve environmental problems!
What conditions are necessary for this?
- Unity of good will of all inhabitants of the planet in the problem of survival.
- Establishing peace on Earth, ending wars.
- Stopping the destructive effect of modern production on the biosphere (resource consumption, environmental pollution, destruction of natural ecosystems and biodiversity).
Development of global models of nature restoration and scientifically based environmental management.
Some of the points listed above seem impossible, or not? What do you think?
Undoubtedly, human awareness of the dangers of environmental problems is associated with serious difficulties. One of them is caused by the non-obviousness of its natural basis for modern man, psychological alienation from nature. Hence the disdainful attitude towards compliance with environmentally appropriate activities, and, to put it simply, the lack of an elementary culture of attitude towards nature on various scales.
To solve environmental problems, it is necessary to develop new thinking among all people, to overcome stereotypes of technocratic thinking, and ideas about inexhaustibility natural resources and misunderstanding of our absolute dependence on nature. An unconditional condition for the further existence of humanity is compliance with the environmental imperative as the basis for environmentally friendly safe behavior in all areas. It is necessary to overcome alienation from nature, to realize and implement personal responsibility for how we relate to nature (for saving land, water, energy, for protecting nature). Video 5.
There is a phrase “think globally, act locally.” How do you understand this?
There are many successful publications and programs devoted to environmental problems and the possibilities of solving them. In the last decade, quite a lot of environmentally oriented films have been produced, and regular environmental film festivals have begun to be held. One of the most outstanding films is the environmental education film HOME, which was first presented on June 5, 2009 on World Environment Day by the outstanding photographer Yann Arthus-Bertrand and the famous director and producer Luc Besson. This film tells about the history of life of planet Earth, the beauty of nature, environmental problems caused by the destructive impact human activity on environment threatening the destruction of our common home.
It must be said that the premiere of HOME was an unprecedented event in cinema: for the first time, the film was shown simultaneously in the largest cities of dozens of countries, including Moscow, Paris, London, Tokyo, New York, in an open screening format, and free of charge. Television viewers saw an hour and a half film on large screens installed in open areas, in cinema halls, on 60 TV channels (not counting cable networks), and on the Internet. HOME was shown in 53 countries. However, in some countries, such as China and Saudi Arabia, the director was denied permission to conduct aerial filming. In India, half of the footage was simply confiscated, and in Argentina, Arthus-Bertrand and his assistants had to spend a week in prison. In many countries, the film about the beauty of the Earth and its environmental problems, the demonstration of which, according to the director, “borders on a political appeal,” was banned from showing.
Yann Arthus-Bertrand (French: Yann Arthus-Bertrand, born March 13, 1946 in Paris) - French photographer, photojournalist, Knight of the Legion of Honor and winner of many other awards
With a story about the film by J. Arthus-Bertrand, we end the conversation about environmental problems. Watch this movie. He better than words will help you think about what awaits the Earth and humanity in the near future; understand that everything in the world is interconnected, that our task now is common and that of each of us - to try, as far as possible, to restore the ecological balance of the planet that we have disrupted, without which the existence of life on Earth is impossible.
In Video 6 den excerpt from the film Home. You can watch the whole film - http://www.cinemaplayer.ru/29761-_dom_istoriya_puteshestviya___Home.html.
Environmental problems of the earth– these are environmental crisis situations that are relevant for the entire planet, and their solution is possible only with the participation of all humanity.
It should immediately be noted that any environmental problems of the earth are closely related to other global world problems, they influence each other and the emergence of some leads to the emergence or aggravation of others.
1. Climate change
First of all, we are talking here about global warming. This is precisely what has been worrying ecologists and ordinary people Worldwide.
The consequences of this problem are completely bleak: rising sea levels, a decrease in agricultural production, a shortage fresh water(primarily this applies to lands that are located north and south of the equator). One of the main causes of climate change is greenhouse gases.
Ecologists have proposed the following solutions to this problem:
– reduction of emissions carbon dioxide
– transition to carbon-free fuels
– development of a more economical fuel use strategy
2. Overpopulation of the planet
During the second half of the 20th century, the world's population grew from 3 to 6 billion. And according to current forecasts, by 2040 this figure will reach 9 billion people. This will lead to shortages of food, water and energy. The number of diseases will also increase.
3. Ozone depletion
This environmental problem leads to an increase in the flow of ultraviolet radiation to the Earth's surface. By now ozone layer over countries with a temperate climate has already decreased by 10%, which causes irreparable harm to human health and can cause skin cancer and vision problems. Depletion of the ozone layer can also harm agriculture, as many crops are damaged by excessive ultraviolet radiation.
4. Declining biodiversity
Due to intense human activity, many animals and plants have disappeared from the face of the earth. And this trend continues. The main reasons for the decline in biological diversity are considered to be loss of habitat, overexploitation of biological resources, environmental pollution, impact biological species, brought from other territories.
5. Pandemics
Lately, new ones appear almost every year dangerous diseases caused by previously unknown viruses and bacteria. Which caused outbreaks of epidemics around the world.
6. Freshwater crisis
About a third of people on earth suffer from a lack of fresh water. IN this moment virtually nothing is being done to preserve existing water sources. Most cities around the world are not cleaning up properly, according to the UN. Wastewater. Because of this, nearby rivers and lakes are susceptible to pollution.
7. Widespread use of chemicals and toxic substances, heavy metals
Over the past two centuries, humanity has been actively using chemicals, toxic substances, and heavy metals in industry, which causes enormous harm to the environment. An ecosystem contaminated with toxic chemicals is very difficult to clean, and even real life Rarely anyone does this. Meanwhile, reducing the production of harmful compounds and minimizing their emissions is an important part of preserving the environment.
8. Deforestation
Deforestation around the world is occurring at alarming rates. Russia ranks first in this environmental problem: from 2000 to 2013, 36.5 million hectares of forest were cut down. This problem causes irreparable harm to life important environment habitat of many plants and animals and leads to loss of biological diversity and deterioration of important ecosystems, as well as an increase in the greenhouse effect due to a decrease in photosynthesis.
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Planets are a real scourge of the 21st century. Many people also think about the issue of preserving and restoring the environment. Otherwise, future generations will only get a lifeless surface.
No man is an island!
It is likely that at least once in our lives each of us asked ourselves the question: “What environmental problems of the planet currently exist and what can I do to solve them?” It would seem, indeed, that just one person can do this? Nevertheless, each of us is capable of much. First, start taking care of the environment yourself. For example, throw away garbage in strictly designated containers, and it would also be a good idea to pay attention to separating waste into specific materials (glass in one bin, and plastic in another). In addition, you can regulate and gradually reduce the consumption of both electricity and other resources (water, gas) necessary for your comfortable living. If you are a driver and are faced with choosing the right vehicle, then you should pay attention to cars that have a reduced content of harmful compounds in exhaust gases. It will also be correct - both for you and for the entire planet as a whole - to have a small engine size installed in the selected car model. And, as a result, reduced fuel consumption. With such simple and accessible measures to everyone, we can solve the environmental problems of the planet.
Let's help the whole world
Despite everything described earlier, you will not be alone in this fight. As a rule, the policies of many modern states are aimed at the well-known environmental problems of the planet and, of course, ways to solve them. In addition, there is an active propaganda program, the goal of which is to limit and exterminate rare representatives of flora and fauna. Nevertheless, such a policy of world powers is quite purposeful and makes it possible to create conditions for the normal functioning of the population, which do not disturb natural ecosystems.
Environmental problems of the planet: list
Modern scientists identify about several dozen basic issues that require special attention. Such planets arise as a result of significant changes in the natural environment. And those, in turn, are a consequence of destructive natural Disasters, as well as the ever-increasing Environmental problems of the planet are quite simple to list. One of the first places is occupied by air pollution. Each of us knows from an early age that, thanks to the content of a certain percentage of oxygen in the air space of the planet, we are able to exist normally. However, every day we not only consume oxygen, but also exhale carbon dioxide. But there are also factories and factories, cars and planes travel around the world and trains knock on the rails. All of the above objects, in the process of their operation, emit substances of a certain composition, which only aggravates the situation and increases the environmental problems of planet Earth. Unfortunately, even though modern production are equipped the latest developments in purification systems, the condition of the air space gradually deteriorates.
Deforestation
More from school course biology we know that representatives flora help maintain the balance of substances in the atmosphere. Thanks to natural processes such as photosynthesis, the green spaces of the Earth not only cleanse the air of harmful impurities, but also gradually enrich it with oxygen. Thus, it is easy to conclude that the destruction of flora, in particular forests, only aggravates the global environmental problems of the planet. Unfortunately, human economic activity leads to the fact that deforestation is carried out on a particularly large scale, but the replenishment of green spaces is often not carried out.
Declining fertile land
Similar environmental problems of the planet arise as a result of the previously mentioned deforestation. In addition, improper use of various agricultural techniques and incorrect farming also lead to depletion of the fertile layer. And pesticides and other chemical fertilizers poison not only the soil, but also all living organisms that are interconnected with it for many years. But, as you know, layers of fertile soil are restored much more slowly than forests. It will take more than one century to fully replace the lost land cover.
Declining fresh water supplies
If you are asked: “What environmental problems of the planet are known?”, you have the right to immediately remember life-giving moisture. Indeed, in some regions there is already an acute shortage of this resource. And over time, this state of affairs will only worsen. Consequently, the above topic can be considered one of the most important in the list of “Ecological problems of the planet”. Examples of improper water use can be found everywhere. Starting from the pollution of lakes and rivers by all kinds of industrial enterprises and ending with the irrational consumption of resources at the household level. In this regard, many natural reservoirs are already closed areas for swimming. However, this is not the end of the planet's environmental problems. The list can also be continued with the next paragraph.
Extermination of flora and fauna
Scientists have calculated that in the modern world, every hour one representative of the planet’s animal or plant world dies. It is important to remember that not only poachers are involved in such actions, but also ordinary people who consider themselves respectable citizens of their country. Every day, humanity is conquering more and more new territories both for the construction of its own housing and for agricultural and industrial needs. And animals have to move to new lands or die, remaining to live in an ecosystem destroyed by anthropogenic factors. Among other things, it must be remembered that all of the above factors also have a detrimental effect on the state of flora and fauna, both current and future. For example, pollution of water bodies, destruction of forests, etc. entails the disappearance of the diversity of flora and fauna that our ancestors are accustomed to seeing. Even over the last hundred years, species diversity has declined significantly under the direct or indirect influence of anthropogenic factors.
Earth's protective shell
If the question arises: “What environmental problems of the planet are currently known?”, then it is easy to remember the holes in the ozone layer. Modern management economic activity human involves the release of special substances that cause thinning containment Earth. Consequently, the formation of new so-called “holes”, as well as an increase in the area of existing ones. Known to many this problem, however, not everyone understands how all this can turn out. And this leads to dangerous solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface, which negatively affects all living organisms.
Desertification
The global environmental problems presented earlier become the cause of the development of a severe catastrophe. It's about about desertification of lands. As a result of improper agricultural practices, as well as pollution of water resources and deforestation, gradual weathering of the fertile layer, soil drying, and other Negative consequences, under the influence of which land covers become unsuitable not only for further use for economic purposes, but also for human habitation.
Declining mineral reserves
A similar topic is also present in the list “Environmental problems of the planet”. It is quite simple to list the resources currently in use. These are oil, coal of all kinds, peat, gas and other organic components of the Earth's solid shell. According to scientists, mineral reserves will come to an end in the next hundred years. In this regard, humanity has begun to actively implement technologies that operate on renewable resources, such as wind, solar, and others. However, the use of alternative sources is still quite small compared to more familiar and traditional ones. In connection with this state of affairs, modern governments are conducting various incentive programs that contribute to a deeper introduction of alternative energy sources both in industry and in the everyday life of ordinary citizens.
Overpopulation
Over the last century, there has been a significant increase in the number of people around the globe. In particular, over a period of just 40 years, the planet's population has doubled - from three to six billion people. Scientists predict that by 2040 this number will reach nine billion, which, in turn, will lead to particularly acute food shortages, shortages of water and energy resources. The number of people living in poverty will increase significantly. There will be an increase in deadly diseases.
Municipal solid waste
In the modern world, people produce several kilograms of garbage every day - this is cans from canned food and drinks, and polyethylene, and glass, and other waste. Unfortunately, at present, their recycling is carried out only in countries with a highly developed standard of living. In all other cases, such household waste is disposed of in landfills, the territory of which often occupies huge areas. In countries with low level In life, heaps of garbage can lie right on the streets. This not only contributes to soil and water pollution, but also increases the growth of pathogenic bacteria, which in turn leads to widespread acute and sometimes fatal diseases. It should be noted that even the Earth’s atmosphere is filled with tons of debris left after the launches of research probes, satellites and spaceships to the vastness of the Universe. And since it is quite difficult to get rid of all these traces of human activity naturally, it is necessary to develop effective methods processing solid waste. Many modern states implement national programs that promote the distribution of easily recyclable materials.
Continuous technological progress, the continuing enslavement of nature by man, industrialization, which has changed the surface of the Earth beyond recognition, have become the causes of a global environmental crisis. Currently, the world's population faces particularly acute environmental problems such as air pollution, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, soil pollution, ocean pollution and overpopulation.
Global environmental problem No. 1: Air pollution
Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air, which contains, in addition to vital oxygen, a whole list of harmful suspended particles and gases. Atmospheric pollutants are conventionally divided into 2 types: natural and anthropogenic. The latter prevail.
WITH chemical industry things are not going well. Factories throw out such harmful substances, such as dust, fuel oil ash, various chemical compounds, nitrogen oxides and much more. Air measurements have shown the catastrophic situation of the atmospheric layer; polluted air becomes the cause of many chronic diseases.
Atmospheric pollution is an environmental problem that is familiar firsthand to residents of absolutely all corners of the earth. It is felt especially acutely by representatives of cities in which enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, energy, chemical, petrochemical, construction and pulp and paper industry. In some cities, the atmosphere is also heavily poisoned by vehicles and boiler houses. These are all examples of anthropogenic air pollution.
As for natural sources chemical elements that pollute the atmosphere, then these include Forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion (scattering of soil and rock particles), the spread of pollen, evaporation of organic compounds and natural radiation.
Consequences of air pollution
Atmospheric air pollution negatively affects human health, contributing to the development of heart and lung diseases (in particular, bronchitis). In addition, air pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide destroy natural ecosystems, destroying plants and causing the death of living creatures (particularly river fish).
The global environmental problem of air pollution, according to scientists and government officials, can be solved in the following ways:
- limiting population growth;
- reducing energy use;
- increasing energy efficiency;
- waste reduction;
- transition to environmentally friendly renewable energy sources;
- air purification in particularly polluted areas.
Global Environmental Problem #2: Ozone Depletion
The ozone layer is a thin strip of the stratosphere that protects all life on Earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the Sun.
Causes of environmental problem
Back in the 1970s. Environmentalists have discovered that the ozone layer is being destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons. These chemicals are found in refrigerator and air conditioner coolants, as well as solvents, aerosols/sprays, and fire extinguishers. To a lesser extent, other factors also contribute to the thinning of the ozone layer. anthropogenic impacts: launch space rockets, flights of jet aircraft in high layers of the atmosphere, tests nuclear weapons, reduction of the planet's forests. There is also a theory that global warming is contributing to the thinning of the ozone layer.
Consequences of ozone layer depletion
As a result of the destruction of the ozone layer, ultraviolet radiation passes unhindered through the atmosphere and reaches the earth's surface. Exposure to direct UV rays has detrimental effects on people's health, weakening the immune system and causing diseases such as skin cancer and cataracts.
World environmental problem No. 3: Global warming
Like glass walls greenhouses, carbon dioxide, methane, nitric oxide and water vapor allow the sun to heat our planet and at the same time prevent the reflection from the earth's surface from escaping into space infrared radiation. All these gases are responsible for maintaining temperatures acceptable for life on earth. However, the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide and water vapor in the atmosphere is another global environmental problem called global warming (or the greenhouse effect).
Causes of global warming
During the 20th century average temperature on earth increased by 0.5 – 1?C. The main reason global warming is considered to be an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to an increase in the volume of fossil fuels burned by people (coal, oil and their derivatives). However, according to the statement Alexey Kokorin, head of climate programs World Wildlife Fund(WWF) Russia, « greatest number greenhouse gases are formed as a result of the operation of power plants and methane emissions during the extraction and delivery of energy resources, while road transport or flaring of associated petroleum gas causes relatively little harm to the environment".
Other causes of global warming include overpopulation, deforestation, ozone depletion and littering. However, not all ecologists blame the rise in average annual temperatures entirely on anthropogenic activities. Some believe that global warming is also facilitated by a natural increase in the abundance of oceanic plankton, leading to an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Consequences of the greenhouse effect
If the temperature during the 21st century increases by another 1? C - 3.5? C, as scientists predict, the consequences will be very sad:
- the level of the world's oceans will rise (due to the melting of polar ice), the number of droughts will increase and the process of desertification will intensify,
- many species of plants and animals adapted to exist in a narrow range of temperatures and humidity will disappear,
- Hurricanes will become more frequent.
Solving an environmental problem
According to environmentalists, the following measures will help slow down the process of global warming:
- rising prices for fossil fuels,
- replacing fossil fuels with environmentally friendly ones (solar energy, wind energy and sea currents),
- development of energy-saving and waste-free technologies,
- taxation of environmental emissions,
- minimizing methane losses during its production, transportation through pipelines, distribution in cities and villages and use at heat supply stations and power plants,
- implementation of carbon dioxide absorption and sequestration technologies,
- tree planting,
- reduction in family size,
- environmental education,
- application of phytomelioration in agriculture.
Global environmental problem No. 4: Acid rain
Acid rain, containing products of fuel combustion, also poses a danger to the environment, human health and even to the integrity of architectural monuments.
Consequences of acid rain
Solutions of sulfuric and nitric acids, aluminum and cobalt compounds contained in polluted sediments and fog pollute the soil and water bodies, have a detrimental effect on vegetation, causing dryness deciduous trees and oppressing conifers. Because of acid rain, agricultural yields fall, people drink water enriched with toxic metals (mercury, cadmium, lead), marble architectural monuments turn into plaster and are eroded.
Solving an environmental problem
In order to save nature and architecture from acid rain, it is necessary to minimize emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere.
Global Environmental Problem #5: Soil Pollution
Every year people pollute the environment with 85 billion tons of waste. These include solid and liquid waste industrial enterprises and transport, agricultural waste (including pesticides), household waste and atmospheric deposition of harmful substances.
The main role in soil pollution is played by such components of technogenic waste as heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, thallium, bismuth, tin, vanadium, antimony), pesticides and petroleum products. From the soil they penetrate into plants and water, even spring water. Toxic metals enter the human body along a chain and are not always quickly and completely removed from it. Some of them tend to accumulate over time for long years, provoking the development of serious diseases.
Global Environmental Problem #6: Water Pollution
Pollution of the world's oceans, underground and surface waters sushi is a global environmental problem, the responsibility for which lies entirely with humans.
Causes of environmental problem
The main pollutants of the hydrosphere today are oil and petroleum products. These substances penetrate into the waters of the world's oceans as a result of tanker wrecks and regular wastewater discharges from industrial enterprises.
In addition to anthropogenic petroleum products, industrial and domestic facilities pollute the hydrosphere with heavy metals and complex organic compounds. Agriculture and the food industry are recognized as the leaders in poisoning the waters of the world's oceans with minerals and nutrients.
The hydrosphere is not spared by such a global environmental problem as radioactive pollution. The prerequisite for its formation was the burial of radioactive waste in the waters of the world's oceans. Many countries with developed nuclear industry and the nuclear fleet, from the 49th to the 70th years of the 20th century, they purposefully stored harmful radioactive substances in the seas and oceans. In places where radioactive containers are buried, cesium levels often go off scale even today. But “underwater test sites” are not the only radioactive source of hydrosphere pollution. The waters of the seas and oceans are enriched with radiation as a result of underwater and surface nuclear explosions.
Consequences of radioactive water contamination
Oil pollution of the hydrosphere leads to the destruction of the natural habitat of hundreds of representatives of oceanic flora and fauna, the death of plankton, seabirds and mammals. For human health, poisoning the waters of the world's oceans also poses a serious danger: fish and other seafood “contaminated” with radiation can easily end up on the table.
Ian
31.05.2018 10:56
To avoid all this, it is necessary to solve all this not for the state budget, but for free!
And besides, you need to add environmental protection laws to your country’s constitution
namely, strict laws that should prevent at least 3% of environmental pollution
only your homeland but also all countries of the world!
24werwe
21.09.2017 14:50
The cause of air and soil pollution is crypto-Jews. On the streets every day there are degenerates with the characteristics of Jews. Greenpeace and environmentalists are vile crypto-Jewish TV. They study eternal criticism according to the Catechism of the Jew in the USSR (according to the Talmud). Dosed poisoning is promoted. They don’t name the reason—the deliberate destruction of all living things by Jews hiding under the labels of “peoples.” There is only one way out: the destruction of Jews from their agriculture and production stop.
Global environmental problems are problems whose negative impact is felt anywhere in the world and affects the entire structure, structure and parts of the biosphere. These are comprehensive and all-encompassing issues. The difficulty of their perception by an individual lies in the fact that he may not feel them or feel them to an insufficient extent. These are problems that are shared by all inhabitants of the Earth, all living organisms and the natural environment. A little bit of everything. But here the impact of the problem cannot be divided or distributed among everyone. In the case of global problems, the effect of them must be added up, and the consequences of such addition will be much greater.
These problems can be divided into two types, which correspond to two stages in the history of our planet. The first ones are natural. The second ones are artificial. The first type refers to the existence of the Earth before the appearance of man on it, or, more precisely, before he committed certain scientific discoveries. Secondly, these are the problems that arose immediately after the implementation of these discoveries. Nature, as a system striving for a stable existence, dealt with the former on its own. She adapted, accommodated, resisted, changed. She could also fight the latter for some time, but over time her capabilities were practically exhausted.
Modern problems and their differences
Modern environmental problems are problems that have arisen as a result of the active influence of man on the natural processes occurring in nature. Such influence became possible in connection with the development of the scientific and technical potential of mankind, aimed at ensuring people’s lives. In this case, the existence of the surrounding living and inanimate nature is not taken into account. Their consequence will be that the biosphere will gradually transform from a natural system into an artificial one. For a person, this means only one thing: that, like any ecosystem created by him, it cannot exist without a person, without his help and close attention. The environmental problems of our time will turn, if they have not already turned into environmental problems of humanity. Will a person be able to cope with such a task?
Man-made disasters and accidents are examples of global environmental problems that no one doubts. These incidents are receiving international condemnation. They become the impetus for improving security systems. Measures are being taken to eliminate destruction and other consequences. The environmental problems of our time consist of trying to deal with the consequences that occurred in the immediate vicinity of the epicenter of the accident. No one can eliminate the consequences that have arisen in the biosphere. If the Earth's biosphere is compared to glass, and an accident, such as at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, with a hole from a stone that fell into it, then the cracks that spread from it are consequences that still render the entire glass unusable. A person can and should increase security, but cannot eliminate the consequences. This is the key difference between an artificial ecosystem and a natural one. Natural can eliminate the consequences and does it itself.
Global and their types
Reducing natural resource reserves, primarily those that are the main sources of energy production, also relates to global environmental problems. The amount of energy necessary for the existence of humanity is growing, and alternatives to natural energy sources have not yet been created in sufficient quantities. Existing energy complexes - hydro, heat and nuclear power plants - are not only dependent on natural sources raw materials - water, coal, gas, chemical elements, but also pose a danger to the environment. They pollute water, air and soil, change or destroy adjacent ecosystems, thereby contributing to the weakening and destabilization of the entire biosphere of the Earth. And this applies not only to disasters and accidents that periodically occur at stations, the consequences of which are known throughout the world. Hydraulic structures that change the natural water circulation of rivers, technological warm waters discharged into reservoirs at stations and much more, which outwardly may seem insignificant and small from the point of view of the problems of the entire planet, but still contributes to the imbalance of the biosphere. By changing the ecosystem of a pond, river, reservoir or lake, it changes component the entire ecosystem of the Earth. And since this is not a one-time phenomenon, but a massive one, the effect is global.
“Global environmental problems” is a concept that requires not only universal understanding and scientific research, but also actions, joint and equally global.
It is believed that the main environmental problems of our time are global warming caused by the “greenhouse effect” and the appearance of “ozone holes”, “acid” rain, a decrease in the number of forests and an increase in desert areas, a reduction in the amount of natural resources, primarily fresh water.
The consequences of warming will be climate change, accelerated melting of glaciers, rising sea levels, flooding of land, increased evaporation of surface water, “advance” of deserts, changes in the species diversity of living organisms and their balance in favor of thermophilic ones, and so on. Warming causes, on the one hand, a decrease in the amount of ozone in upper layers atmosphere, due to which more ultraviolet radiation begins to enter the planet. On the other hand, the heat generated by the Earth and living organisms is retained in excessive quantities in the lower layers of the atmosphere. The effect of “excess” energy appears. The question is whether the consequences described and assumed by scientists are all possible, or whether there are “cracks” that we do not know about and do not even imagine.
Pollution
Humanity's environmental problems have always been and will be associated with environmental pollution. A special role in this is played not only by the quantity of pollutants, but also by their “quality”. In some regions, where for one reason or another, the process of foreign elements entering the environment stops, nature gradually “restores” order and is restored. The situation is worse with so-called xenobiotics - substances that are not found in the natural environment and therefore cannot be processed naturally.
The most obvious environmental problems of our time are the decrease in the number of forests, which occurs with the direct participation of humans. Deforestation for timber extraction, clearing of territories for construction and for agricultural needs, destruction of forests due to careless or negligent behavior of people - all this primarily leads to a decrease in the green mass of the biosphere, and therefore to a possible oxygen deficiency. This is becoming increasingly possible thanks to the active combustion of oxygen in the process industrial production and vehicles.
Humanity is becoming more and more dependent on artificially produced energy and food. More and more land is being allocated for agricultural land, and the existing ones are being filled with more and more abundance. mineral fertilizers, pesticides, pest control agents and similar chemicals. The efficiency of such soil filling rarely exceeds 5%. The remaining 95% is washed away by storm and melt waters into the World Ocean. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the main components of these chemical substances, getting into natural ecosystems, they stimulate an increase in green mass, primarily algae. Violation of the biological balance of water bodies leads to their disappearance. Besides, chemical elements, contained in plant protection products, rise with water vapor to the upper layers of the atmosphere, where they combine with oxygen and turn into acids. And then they fall as “acid” rains on soils that may not require acidity. Violation of the pH balance leads to soil destruction and loss of fertility.
Is it possible to include the process of urbanization in the main environmental problems of our time? All high concentration people in limited areas should give more space for wildlife. That is, there could be hope that the Earth's ecosystem could adapt to such internal changes. But urban “aquariums”, and in fact, the ecosystem of cities, especially large cities, megalopolises and agglomerations, is nothing more than an artificial ecosystem, require huge amount energy and water. On the contrary, they “throw out” no less amount of waste and waste. All this includes the surrounding lands in the “aquarium” ecosystem of cities. Eventually wild nature exists in small territories temporarily not involved in the provision of “aquariums”. This means that nature does not have the resources for its restoration, species richness, sufficient energy, a complete food chain, and so on.
Thus, the main environmental problems of our time are the totality of all the problems that have arisen in nature in connection with the active activities of humans in providing their livelihoods.
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