Connecting copper pipes with compression fittings. How to properly connect (solder) copper pipes? How to connect two copper tubes of different diameters

Copper pipes can be connected in the most different ways. All these methods have their own characteristics. This article explains each connection method. copper pipes.

Connecting copper pipes using soldering

This method Pipe connections are used when the connection point is intended for further sealing. Soldering when connecting copper pipes can be of two types:

1. High temperature soldering. It is produced using the following gases: propane - air, acetylene - air, propane - oxygen, acetylene - oxygen. At the same time, the copper pipe at the junction heats up to 600-750 degrees Celsius. Particular care should be taken when soldering copper pipes using an oxygen-acetylene torch. If the pipe is heated to a temperature of more than 800 degrees Celsius, then ruptures are likely to occur in it.

2. Low temperature soldering. This type of soldering is used if the operating temperature of the pipeline is no more than 110 degrees Celsius. At low temperature soldering the connection is heated to a temperature of about 200-250 degrees Celsius. Acetylene-air and propane-air gases are used to heat copper pipes. Electric heaters can also be used.

Technology for connecting copper pipes by soldering

1. According to the measurements taken, the copper pipe is cut. Then it needs to be calibrated.

2. Using a special sponge designed specifically for copper, as well as a brush, you need to clean the outer edge of the copper pipe to be connected. The inside of the capillary fitting also requires cleaning.

3. After this, the pipe is inserted into the socket of the capillary fitting. You need to insert it all the way.

To remove excess flux, use a clean rag.

4. The place where the pipe will connect to the fitting must be heated using a gas burner. As soon as the flux changes color, solder can be introduced into it.

5. Once the solder has hardened, it is necessary to remove the remaining flux from the surface of the fitting.

Connecting copper pipes using fittings

Copper pipes are connected without soldering using fittings. Depending on the type of connection, fittings can be crimped (collet) or welded. Connecting copper pipes with compression fittings is of two types: for semi-hard and soft copper pipes and for hard and semi-hard pipes. The collet connection of copper pipes is made as follows:

1. First you need to select the right size collet fittings.

2. After this, the pipe is trimmed and the burr is removed.

3. Then you need to insert the copper pipe into the prepared fitting. The clamping nut is first tightened all the way by hand, and then pulled with a wrench until the pipe is slightly deformed.

Copper pipes are connected in three ways: using compression fittings, by capillary soldering and using press fittings. Each of these methods has its pros and cons. It all depends on the exact conditions in which you plan to operate the plumbing system.

Connections on crimp (compression) fittings

The main advantage of this technique is ease of installation, minimum auxiliary tools. Anyone can cope with such work, because you only need to tighten the nuts with two keys. Disadvantages of connection using fittings: limited maximum pressure (up to 10 BAR) at a system temperature of 100 degrees.

Connecting copper pipes with compression fittings

During installation, it is also extremely important to prevent the slightest distortion. If the fittings are intended for “soft” pipes, a special liner bushing is required. The last factor is extremely important, but it is often neglected.

Connections made by capillary soldering

Advantages of soldering joints: neatness and evenness of seams, minimal amount of solder required, affordable cost. Performance characteristics: maximum operating pressure 40 BAR at a maximum system temperature of 150 degrees. Capillary soldering requires a torch (propane or acetylene), flux, and solder. This method of connecting copper pipes requires a person to have certain experience and knowledge.

From press fittings

Advantages installation work without soldering: high reliability, average cost with quick payback. To perform work without soldering, using press fittings, a person requires a minimum of knowledge and skills. Connecting copper pipes in this way is a matter of minutes.

How to connect copper pipes to steel?

Traditionally, copper products are mounted with steel parts using crimp (compression) fittings. Working technology:

The fitting is disassembled, then a pipe is inserted into it, onto which a ferrule ring and a clamping nut are pre-attached.

Manually the nut is tightened all the way. It is important to ensure that there are no distortions. Based on the diameters of the copper pipe or the instructions specified in passport documents or special tables, the nut is tightened a certain number of turns using a wrench. Typically the number of turns is between ½ and ¼. It is important to follow the recommended speed. Otherwise, the pipe may become deformed.

Connecting copper products to steel parts is quite simple. If something remains unclear to you, we strongly recommend watching the training video, which describes in detail how to mount copper parts with steel pipes.

Installation technology

How to connect copper products?

The required section of the product is cut off, as in the previous version;
The outer and inner parts are cleaned of dirt using a special brush or sponge for copper;
The pipe is inserted into the capillary fitting as far as possible, flux is applied, the excess of which can be removed with a clean cloth;
The connection is heated using a gas burner or a special construction hair dryer, solder is applied. The solder should melt and evenly fill the mounting gap;
We are waiting for the solder to cool naturally. Remains of flux are removed with a damp and clean cloth.

Now you know how to connect copper pipes in several ways. If anything about copper installation seems unclear to you, you can always study the instructional video. In principle, this work is quite simple and can be done independently, without resorting to the services of professionals.

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How to connect copper pipes

Flare connection

2. Place a coupling on the pipe.

Threaded connection

The fitting is being prepared;

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How to solder copper pipes - soldering copper pipes

Tubular products made from copper materials and their alloys no longer look like a novelty in our heating systems; in addition, they are increasingly found today in modern water and gas supply lines of residential buildings and industrial enterprises. These reliable and flexible products are currently widely used as critical components. modern systems air conditioning and refrigeration units of various profiles.

Copper pipe

All this is quite enough to make us want to learn how to form permanent connections from similar products, or rather, get acquainted with how to solder copper pipes in living conditions. The fact is that known techniques for connecting copper pipes have been used for a long time and involve the introduction of a special molten adhesive composition or solder into the contact zone. What is especially important to know when mastering the process of soldering copper pipes is that reliable welding contact is obtained, as a rule, only when the melting temperature of the solder itself is slightly below the melting point of the welded tubes.

We also note that high-quality and reliable soldering of copper pipes with your own hands will require the performer to be especially careful when working with the products being welded, as well as certain theoretical training.

Advantages of Welded Copper Connections

Welding copper pipe

It is impossible not to mention in our article the multitude of evidence that further confirms undeniable advantages copper structures produced by welding. Such mentions only increase the ever-growing demand for products that are distinguished by a whole range of sufficient unique properties:

durability and strength of welded copper products;
availability and ease of processing of copper material;
the ability to select the conditions for forming the welding contact (adjusting the welding mode).

In addition, the use of the latest welding techniques will allow you to save on such mandatory assembly spare parts as standard adapters and fittings, which significantly reduces total cost production of welded heating pipes.

Copper pipe soldering methods and tools used

When conducting special operations related to welding of pipe blanks various diameters, the following temperature conditions are most often used:

High temperature regime with thermal heating of the melt zone up to 900 degrees, used for workpieces under significant loads.
Low-temperature treatment mode, most often practiced in everyday life with an operating temperature in the contact zone of up to 450 degrees.

Pipe Cutter

To make it easier to fix the jointed pipes during the soldering process, you may need the following tool:

A special clamp-pipe cutter that provides straight cut workpiece at the place of its intended welding.
Device for preparing chamfers (including deburring).
A special kind of expansion mechanism used to prepare the welding site to a depth approximately equal to the diameter of the workpieces being welded.
And finally, myself welding machine or gas torch directly used for soldering copper joints.

Soldering torch

In addition to this, you will definitely need a construction heat gun, with which you can heat the joints of workpieces up to 650 degrees (used mainly when working with low-melting solders).

Construction hair dryer

The presence of such a heating-welding machine in the current tool kit will allow its owner to very easily regulate the temperature regime in the welding zone, as well as maintain it at optimal level. In addition, a wide range of replaceable nozzles included in the working kit of the welding device provides you with the ability to direct a stream of heated air to any place convenient for you.

Materials used when soldering copper blanks

Before soldering heating pipes with your own hands, any performer is simply obliged to thoroughly familiarize himself with the working materials used as thermal solders. In addition, he should definitely know that all these materials, according to their refractoriness characteristics, are divided into solders of hard and soft categories.

Solders

Solder

So-called high-refractoriness solders externally resemble elongated rods of arbitrary profile and are usually used when it is necessary to heat the metal in the soldering zone to the highest possible temperatures (up to 900 degrees Celsius). Such temperatures ensure high-quality and reliable solder contacts.

Note! Such soldering materials are used mainly for repair and restoration work carried out on critical supply lines or for the repair of industrial air conditioners and special refrigeration equipment.

The most typical representatives of soldering solders of this class include self-fluxing copper-phosphorus compounds, equipped with a wide variety of additives (such as Cu94 P6 and Cu92 P6 Ag2). An almost invisible 6% addition of silver or phosphorus will allow you to lower the operating melting temperature of such solder by up to 750 degrees. And this is provided that the actual expansion rates of the materials used almost exactly correspond to those for copper, which ensures the possibility of obtaining a strong and reliable connection.

Soft solder

Solders, colloquially called “soft”, got their name due to the fact that they are used in the process of low-temperature processing of copper tubes produced in domestic conditions. They are usually made in the form of fairly thin wires and are developed on the basis of such popular chemical substances, what are lead, tin, zinc or their alloys known to us all.

Fluxes

Soldering flux

In order to simplify the procedure for soldering copper pipes with your own hands, special paste-like or even liquid compositions (they are also called fluxes) are often used. It is important to note that often the success or failure of the operation performed can largely depend on the competent selection of a particular flux.

Like solders, the materials we are considering are also conventionally divided into low-temperature reagents (up to 450 degrees) and high-temperature chemical components used in soldering above 450 degrees.

Such chemical compositions are used for the following purposes:

help clean the soldering area from harmful oxides;
protect work area from the ingress of oxygen, which is always contained in environment;
create favorable conditions for uniform distribution of soldering composition across soldering areas;
improve the quality of adhesion of products to solder.

During the work, solder heated to desired temperature, spreads evenly over the parts being soldered, forming a reliable connection. After the soldering contact has cooled, all excess flux is simply removed from the processing area.

Video

This video is about soldering pipes with soft solder:

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How to connect copper pipes | All about pipes

Installation of copper pipelines requires the ability to correctly connect pipes and fittings. We will talk about this in this short article.

Copper pipes can be connected to a coupling without flaring the end of the pipe. The advantage of such a connection is that it can be disassembled and reassembled at any time. Where it is not possible to work with gas burner or it is impossible to completely drain the water from old pipe, a flared connection is used. This connection is made as follows. First of all, the end of the pipe is processed so that its surface is perfectly flat. After this, a coupling is put on the pipe, and a flaring cone is directed into the pipe. After this, you should tighten the flaring clamp and slowly rotate its screw. This must be done until the expansion angle of the pipe reaches forty-five degrees. After this, you need to unscrew the screw, loosen the clamp and remove the flaring device from the pipe. Now the coupling can be moved towards the end of the pipe until it stops and the nut can be tightened.

However, more often copper pipes are connected to each other using fittings. Unlike plastic pipes, fittings in copper pipes are not crimped, but soldered. Such soldering can be either high-temperature or low-temperature. In the first case, hard rod solder is used with high temperature melting. In this case, heating of pipes and fittings should be done with acetylene or propane torches, since their flame temperature is very high. Used for low temperature soldering soft solder, made in the form of wire. Warming up can be done as usual blowtorch. On practice high temperature soldering used for socket connections, and low-temperature for fittings. Soldering technology is simple. First, the surface of the pipe and fitting to be soldered is cleaned of oxide and coated with flux. Then a fitting is put on the pipe and the future connection is heated until the molten solder fills the gap between the pipe and the fitting. It should be borne in mind that the solder should not melt in the flame of the burner, but from the temperature of the heated metal. After cooling, the connection acquires high strength. After this, all that remains is to remove the remaining flux from the surface.

Threaded connections are also used in copper pipelines. They must be handled with extreme caution, since copper threads can be stripped without even applying excessive force. Threaded connections for copper pipes always use a ferrule, which is designed to distribute the load evenly over the entire area of the connection. This work is done in the following sequence. First, the end of the pipe is processed, then a union nut is put on the pipe, and a crimp ring is put on the very edge. Then the fitting is inserted into the pipe until it stops and the union nut is carefully tightened.

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How to connect copper pipes - construction

How to connect copper pipes

Copper pipes are connected when arranging various pipelines, using fittings and special methods. Everyone needs to know how to connect copper pipes, since obtaining a reliable joint requires meeting certain conditions.

Flare connection

Soft copper pipes are very often connected to a coupling into which the non-flared end of the pipe is embedded. It is not difficult to dismantle such a joint, and then it can be easily restored. Typically, connecting copper pipes with flaring is used when working with a burner is dangerous and it is impossible to completely drain the water from the old pipe. The work order is as follows:

1. Clean the end of the pipe. In this case, you need to remove all the scuffs.

2. Place a coupling on the pipe.

3. Insert the pipe into the calibrated flaring hole. Press it there well. The hole should be the same diameter as the pipe itself. Install the end of the pipe at the same level or slightly above the clamping surface.

4. Place the device on the clamp. Start turning the screw until the cone flares the end of the pipe at an angle of approximately 45 degrees.

5. Remove the pipe from the calibrated hole. Then you need to bring the coupling close to the flared edges. Wrap the coupling threads with sealing tape and tighten the nut.

Connection using fittings

Connecting copper pipes with fittings reduces labor costs during installation, the time it takes to complete the work, and guarantees the quality of the connection, since there is no metal retraction. Copper pipes with fittings are most often connected by capillary soldering, which is based on the capillary effect. There are two types of soldering copper pipes:

High temperature soldering. For this method, refractory solder rods are used. Propane and acetylene torches are used to heat pipes;

Low temperature soldering. This method uses soft solders that are rolled into coils. For this soldering, fire from a regular blowtorch is sufficient.

There are no special differences in these two methods, but high-temperature soldering is used for socket joints of pipes, and low-temperature soldering is used for connections with fittings into which solder is melted.

The fitting connection method is as follows:

A fitting is put on the flux-coated pipe:

The connection is heated with a torch until the solder melts and closes the gap between the fitting and the pipe;

The structure is cooled, and then the external cleaning is carried out using special cleaning agents for copper. After this, the pipe is ready for use.

Threaded connection

Threaded connection copper pipes are dismountable and special ferrules are used. If there is a need for dismantling, the ring will need to be replaced. This type of connection is performed as follows:

First, cut a piece of pipe to the required length;

If pipes with PVC insulation are used, you need to remove the insulating layer from the end of the pipe with a sharp knife and remove the burrs that formed after the cut with a file;

The fitting is being prepared;

A union nut is put on the pipe, then a release ring is put on;

The nut should be screwed on smoothly - at first it is turned by hand, when it becomes impossible to do this, a wrench is used. During operation, the nut compresses the pipe and the joint is sealed.

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When connecting copper pipes, you will need special elements called fittings. Such parts contribute to the quick and easy installation plumbing systems for the home. The store sells high-quality threaded and crimp fittings for copper pipes from the following manufacturers: Emmeti, IBP, Tiemme, Uni-Fitt, Viega. All products have the necessary certificates and comply with the requirements and standards.

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Press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54 - an adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Press-B bronze tee material Sanpress VIEGA 54x1 /2"x54 - bronze. The area of application of the press-B tee bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the press-B tee bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54 press-B bronze tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54 press-B bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made

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Tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3/4"x54 - adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Tee material press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 /4"x54 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3/4"x54 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3/4"x54: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3/4"x54 with press pliers is allowed. The tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3/4"x54 is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made

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Tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35 - adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Tee material press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3 /4"x35 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35 tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35 press-N bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made

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Tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22 - adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Tee material press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3 /4"x22 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22 tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22 press-N bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made

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Press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 15x1/2"x15 - an adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Material of the press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 /2"x15 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1/2"x15 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1/2"x15: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the Sanpress VIEGA 15x1/2"x15 press-B bronze tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 15x1/2"x15 press-B bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made

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Press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 22x1/2"x22 - an adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Material of the press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 /2"x22 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1/2"x22 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1/2"x22: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the Sanpress VIEGA 22x1/2"x22 press-B bronze tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 22x1/2"x22 press-B bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made

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Press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28 - adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Press-B bronze tee material Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 /2"x28 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28 press-B bronze tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28 press-B bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made

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The crimp-B water socket with a plastic ring TIEMME 10x1/2" is designed for connecting copper and steel pipes with water collection points in the water supply, heating and plumbing systems. The material of the TIEMME 10x1/2" crimp-B water socket is brass CW617N with a plastic ring (P.T.F.E.) . The scope of application of the water socket is water, glycols, non-aggressive liquids, oil and compressed air. Pipe standards limit the operating conditions of the crimp-B water socket with a plastic ring TIEMME 10x1/2" to the following data: maximum working temperature is 120 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure 30 bar. Water socket thread crimp-B with plastic ring TIEMME 10x1/2" - ISO 228 (GOST 6357-81), connection type - crimp and internal thread.

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Connections on crimp (compression) fittings

The main advantage of this technique is ease of installation and a minimum of auxiliary tools. Anyone can cope with such work, because you only need to tighten the nuts with two keys. Disadvantages of connection using fittings: limited maximum pressure (up to 10 BAR) at a system temperature of 100 degrees.

Connecting copper pipes with compression fittings

Connections made by capillary soldering

Advantages of soldering joints: neatness and evenness of seams, minimal amount of solder required, affordable cost. Operational characteristics: maximum operating pressure 40 BAR at a maximum system temperature of 150 degrees. Capillary soldering requires a torch (propane or acetylene), flux, and solder. This method of connecting copper pipes requires a person to have certain experience and knowledge.

From press fittings

Advantages of installation work without soldering: high reliability, average cost with quick payback. To perform work without soldering, using press fittings, a person requires a minimum of knowledge and skills. Connecting copper pipes in this way is a matter of minutes.

How to connect copper pipes to steel?

Traditionally, copper products are mounted with steel parts using crimp (compression) fittings. Working technology:

The fitting is disassembled, then a pipe is inserted into it, onto which a ferrule ring and a clamping nut are pre-attached.

The nut is tightened by hand until it stops. It is important to ensure that there are no distortions. Based on the diameters of the copper pipe or the instructions specified in passport documents or special tables, the nut is tightened a certain number of turns using a wrench. Typically the number of turns is between ½ and ¼. It is important to follow the recommended speed. Otherwise, the pipe may become deformed.

Connecting copper products to steel parts is quite simple. If something remains unclear to you, we strongly recommend watching the training video, which explains in detail how to mount copper parts with steel pipes.

Installation technology

How to connect copper products?

The required section of the product is cut off, as in the previous version;
The outer and inner parts are cleaned of dirt using a special brush or sponge for copper;
The pipe is inserted into the capillary fitting as far as possible, flux is applied, the excess of which can be removed with a clean cloth;
The connection is heated using a gas burner or a special construction hair dryer, and solder is applied. The solder should melt and evenly fill the mounting gap;
We are waiting for the solder to cool naturally. Remains of flux are removed with a damp and clean cloth.

There are many methods for connecting copper pipes into a single piping system. The market provides great amount fittings, solders, fluxes, fasteners that allow you to create detachable and permanent, serviced and non-serviceable connections.

Working with copper pipes consists of:

sizing estimates - if the pipe is incorrectly measured, it is impossible to cut it correctly;
cutting - done strictly perpendicularly using a pipe cutter, taking into account that it is better to make more revolutions than to apply force;
stripping - removing burrs after cutting and oxide film (it is better to do this with a special napkin);
connections.

Methods for connecting copper pipes:

capillary soldering;
high temperature soldering;
various fittings.

Solder connection

For connecting copper products by soldering Apply flux to the cleaned surface and immediately connect the parts. Heat the connection unit evenly with a gas torch (blowtorch, soldering iron) until the flux begins to change color and the solder melts. The burner fire is withdrawn and the solder fills the gap between the elements.

In order for the amount of solder to be optimal, experts offer a simple guideline - the length of the solder rod should be equal to the diameter of the pipe. You can cut the rod to the required length before soldering. If one of the elements is a fitting that has already been treated with solder at the factory, then there is no need to add it.

After filling the gap with solder, it is necessary to allow time for cooling without exposing the assembly to mechanical stress. When the solder has completely hardened, you need to remove all remaining solder and flux with a damp cloth. After the entire system is installed, it should be flushed hot water. Flux promotes corrosion, so its presence on the inner surface is undesirable.

Soldering copper pipes

Types of fittings for connecting copper pipes

A connection without soldering is made using fittings, which are divided into two large groups - straight (connecting elements of the same diameter) and transitional (connecting elements of different diameters). Diameters can be from 8 to 100 millimeters.

Based on the configuration, a fitting (connector) for copper pipes is called:

coupling - must be made of the same material as the pipes, can be used both for elements with the same diameter and for elements with different diameters, used in cases where there is no need to change direction;
square - designed to change the direction of the system by 30, 45 or 90 degrees;
tee - used to connect three ends located at an angle of 45 or 90 degrees relative to each other;
cross - joins together four pipes located perpendicular to each other on the same plane;
adapter (“American”, fitting, squeegee, nipple) – for combining pipes from different materials using various methods;
plug - a cap, a plug for sealing the end of the tube;
fitting - for connecting a pipe and a flexible hose.

Based on the method, connecting copper pipes with fittings can be:

using a soldering fitting with tin underneath the threads. A pipe treated with flux is inserted into it, the assembly is heated until the solder becomes liquid and fills the gap;
using a threaded one (equipped with a thread);
crimp (compression), allowing you to connect elements different diameters. The pipe and fitting are fixed using an O-shaped seal and a split or one-piece ring. Conventional tools are suitable for installation;
a press fitting, consisting of a body and a bushing and mounted using press pliers;
self-locking fitting, which is based on inner rings, one of which is equipped with teeth. When pressed with a special key, the teeth fit into another ring, forming a reliable connection. It's as easy to put on as it is to take off.

Features of copper products: what to consider

When installing a copper pipeline, it is important to know not only how to connect copper pipes, but also to fulfill several additional conditions:

to extend the life of the system, only copper and its alloys should be used;
if it is necessary to use products from other materials, then it should be taken into account that copper cannot be combined with galvanized steel, as this leads to corrosion in the steel elements;
if it is impossible to avoid the use of steel products, then they should be mounted in front of copper elements;
safe connection of copper and acid-resistant steel.

Fastening elements

Copper pipe clamps are required for the final installation of any pipeline.

clamps and brackets.

For household pipelines the following are used:

metal C-shaped (fastening with one bolt) and O-shaped (fastening with two bolts) clamps made of steel and equipped rubber coating, neutralizing mechanical and acoustic vibrations;
plastic clamps (movable and stationary) – for internal systems, equipped with dowel and screw;
brackets – for hanging or arranging system elements.

It is quite obvious that for each system it is necessary to select its own installation and fastening methods. Only when selected quality materials And correct installation the pipeline will be reliable and durable.

Copper pipe production