Construction frame house- a complex, complex process that cannot be started without a clear design and calculation of the necessary materials.
Any construction involves calculations building materials. You can't start buying them without accurate calculation required volume. Calculating “by eye” may lead to additional costs for the delivery of materials to the construction site, or the remaining materials will “end up in your pocket” in the form of trash, for which you will have to look for a storage location or a method of distribution. Of course, the construction of a frame house is no exception. And if you consider how many different materials are needed for continuous construction, then the correct calculation of a frame house without the involvement of specialists seems to be an unattainable goal.
Today we will try to refute this opinion and teach you how to calculate the necessary materials for a frame house. Most of these buildings in Russia are built according to Finnish technology using mineral insulation. It is precisely the calculation of such a design that we will be engaged in.
Where to start calculating a frame house?
Calculation of the necessary materials is needed not only for self-construction frame house. Unscrupulous contractors often use “additions” to estimates in hopes of relying on an illiterate customer. As a result, according to the estimate, you pay not only for your house, but also for material for some other object. Therefore, it is important to be able to check the construction company’s calculations so as not to be deceived. It is not necessary to check the entire estimate. You can only count some of its elements.
If the developer is trying to deceive you, then this will be implied even in the most insignificant consumable materials. Except correct calculation building materials, it is necessary to estimate the cost of the work included in the estimate. You can get acquainted with the prices for them by calling other construction companies or teams that only deal certain types works
Completely different tasks arise when building a frame house with your own hands: it is important to calculate and purchase the strictly required amount of building materials. You need to start your calculations by drawing up a project for your future housing.
Expert opinion
Sergey Yurievich
Ask a question to an expertWhen building a large residential building you cannot do without detailed plan with drawings of all walls and elements of the building. You can buy/download it on the Internet or order it from design organization.
Such projects are provided with detailed drawings of all components of the house and specifications of the necessary materials. This greatly simplifies the calculation of materials. You can also order a detailed estimate of the required materials from the same design organization. Of course, all these services will cost you money.
If you are planning to build a small residential building or a house for a summer stay, then you can get by with a building design with a layout and drawings of the walls, with dimensions and indication of all openings, and a drawing of the roof. It is with the preparation of such drawings that it is necessary to begin the calculation.
Before starting calculations, you need to have an accurate understanding of the construction of houses according to frame technology: understand the rules for installing the frame, learn about the properties of materials necessary for insulation. It is also necessary to carry out a soil survey, because the calculation of the very first element of construction - the foundation - depends on this.
Foundation calculation
First of all, you need to decide on the type of foundation. For a frame house, a columnar, strip or foundation on screw piles is used. A foundation based on monolithic slab, but this option is too rare. If it is necessary to use it (floating soils), it is highly doubtful to build a house without the involvement of professionals.
For calculation strip foundation you can find many calculators on the internet. All you need to know is the total length of the tape; its depth, width and height. You need to enter this data into the table, and at the end you will receive an accurate calculation of the required reinforcement, sand and concrete mortar.
Expert opinion
Sergey Yurievich
Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.
Ask a question to an expertThe key question for calculating a columnar foundation or screw piles is the bearing capacity of soils and approximate weight finished structure.
For calculation required quantity piles for the area of your house, you can also use online calculators. Often, a free calculation of screw piles is offered by their manufacturer, especially if you order installation of these piles from them.
So, the first part of the estimate is ready - the foundation has been calculated.
Calculation of the piping and floor of the first floor
If you are familiar with frame structures, then you know that erecting the walls of such a house is impossible without installing the floor. That is why the next stage in the calculations will be the floor of the first floor. Keep a separate table with calculations of lumber needed for the entire house. Here we will enter the lumber for each of the elements to create a final table. The same tables must be compiled for insulation, related materials and even fasteners.
- Waterproofing. Based on the total surface area of the foundation or the perimeter of the tape, we calculate the required amount of waterproofing (roofing felt or glassine).
- Strapping beam. A beam with a cross section of 100x150, 100x200 mm or a larger section is used as a strapping. We hope you have a foundation plan and it won’t be difficult for you to calculate total length strapping. The length of the beam is usually 6 meters, so we round the calculation up to whole beams - that is, even with the resulting 26 meters strapping beam We write 30 meters in the estimate).
- Floor joists for the first floor. Depending on the pitch and span length, timber 50x150 or 50x200 mm is used. First, let's calculate the number of lags. To do this, divide the width of the house by the lag step + 1 outer lag. We select the pitch based on the size of the insulation. Most mineral insulation materials have a slab size of 600 mm. Therefore, the step between the logs will be equal to 600 mm at the centers of the logs. After calculating the number of logs, it remains to multiply them by the length of 1 log to get the total molding.
Example. Let's consider the calculation of the strapping and log for a house 8x8 m with one load-bearing wall in the middle of the house.
Strapping beam with a section of 150x150 mm. 8x4 = 32 linear m for the perimeter of the house + 8 for the wall = 40 meters. We round up to whole 6-meter beams - 7 pcs.
Lags. Section 50x150 mm, pitch 580 mm. 8000/6000+1= 15pcs. * 8 m= 120 linear meters or 20 pcs. 6 meters each.
- Insulation, films and membranes. To insulate the floor of the first floor, you will need to install a subfloor. To calculate it, the calculation of floor joists is very useful. We multiply the total length of the lag by 2, we get the total length of the cranial beam.
In the case of our example, 240 linear meters. Usually a block with a cross section of 40x50 or 50x50 mm is used.
Rough flooring: total number of joists -1 * per step between joists = total area flooring We divide this area by the width of the board used for flooring and then divide it by the length of one board.
Our example. 15 logs – 1= 14 * 0.6 m = 8.4 sq. m. For rough floors we will use a 25x100 mm board, 3 meters long. 8.4/0.1/3 = 28 boards.
Calculating the amount of insulation is even easier. We know the floor area and the thickness of the insulation; all that remains is to multiply these two quantities and get the total cubic mass of the required insulation.
Our example. Insulation 150 mm. 64 sq.m * 0.15 = 9.6 cubic meters m of insulation.
Expert opinion
Sergey Yurievich
Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.
Ask a question to an expertFor insulation, you will also need a vapor-permeable membrane and a vapor barrier circuit. To do this, multiply the floor area by 110% (the overlap of the films should be at least 10 cm).
Flooring calculation
For floor coverings can be used massive board floors or sheet materials. For an accurate calculation, it is necessary to divide the floor area by the area of one board or the area of one sheet of the material used. We recommend adding 10% reserve to the resulting figure (cutting losses, defective material).
Wall calculation
Like the floor of the first floor, the walls consist of several materials, and each of them is calculated separately.
- Frame calculation. It's good if you have detailed drawing walls, indicating each frame element and each opening. Then it won’t be difficult for you to simply count each of the beams and multiply by their length. In the absence of such a drawing, you can use the rules for calculating floor joists (the racks are installed with the same spacing, and in the corners we get double supports). You should not subtract openings from the calculations, because double racks are also installed there. All you need to do is calculate the headers. To do this, you need to add up the perimeter of all window and doorways and multiply the resulting number by 2.
Our example. For the racks we use timber with a section of 50x150 mm. The height of the walls is 2.5 meters, along the height we have one horizontal cross section (??? Where are the section parameters?). On the walls there are 4 windows 1.5 meters wide and 2 doorways 1.1 meters wide.
Calculation of racks of 1 wall. 8/0.6 (post pitch) + 1 = 15 pcs.*2.5 = 37.5 linear. m + 8 meters = 1 jumper. We have 5 identical walls 45.5*5 = 227.5 meters. /6 = 38 pcs.
Header beam 110x150mm: (1.5*4 + 1.1*2)*2 = 16.4 / 6 = 3 beams 6 meters each.
- Calculation of cladding materials. Sheathing frame walls can be produced with special boards - this is lining, imitation timber, blockhouse, planken or floor board; or sheet materials– OSB, plywood, plasterboard, chipboard. The calculation is no different from the calculation of finishing floor coverings. We recommend not to subtract the area of the openings, since a small margin is also required for cladding materials.
- Insulation. For the walls of a frame house, insulated mineral insulation, a vapor-permeable membrane and vapor barrier are also required, except for partitions. Therefore, we take into account only the area of load-bearing walls, increased by 10%. We also calculate insulation only for load-bearing walls. In the case of installing insulated partitions, multiply their area by 2 and increase by 10% - we obtain the required amount of vapor barrier. We also calculate the insulation for partitions separately (usually the thickness of the insulation of partitions is thinner than the insulation of load-bearing walls).
Our example. Insulation of load-bearing walls 150 mm, insulation of partitions 50 mm.
8*4*2.5 = 80 sq. m – total area of load-bearing walls.
80*1.1 = 88 sq. m of membrane and vapor barrier.
80*0.15 = 12 cubic meters m of insulation for load-bearing walls.
8*2.5 = 20 sq. m – partition area * 2 * 1.1 = 44 sq. meters of vapor barrier.
20 * 0.05 = 1 cu. m of insulation.
TOTAL for walls:
Vapor barrier: 88+44 = 132 sq. m.
Membrane: 88 sq. m.
Insulation: 13 cu. m.
Calculation of the top trim and ceiling
The calculation of the ceiling or interfloor ceilings is almost identical to the calculation of the floor of the first floor: piping, joists, cladding on both sides, a membrane and a vapor barrier in the case of a cold attic, or two layers of vapor barrier in the case interfloor covering between two warm floors.
Our example. Cottage with a cold attic, insulation 150 mm. In our case, there is not even a need for calculations. All figures can be taken from the calculation of floor insulation.
Roof calculation
The necessary lumber for the rafter system cannot be purchased without a detailed drawing. Roofing is one of the most important and difficult stages of construction. Here we can give you only one piece of advice: correctly calculate the load on rafter system, draw up a detailed drawing of the roof with the specification of the required lumber.
Calculation roofing material Any manufacturer will be happy to make such a detailed drawing for you free of charge.
We can say that we have finished calculating the materials for placing the frame house under the roof. All that remains is to bring all the calculations to a “single denominator”: combine the data for each of the materials, evaluate the prices of various suppliers in order to calculate the cost.
Do not forget that all wood used for the frame is treated with antiseptics. You have the total volume of lumber and know the consumption of antiseptic, so making the calculation will not be difficult.
Finishing materials and communications
Calculation of each type of communications is not work that can be performed or installed without the appropriate knowledge. Contact the relevant organizations to draw up a plan and calculate the necessary materials.
It is only important to carry out the necessary preparatory work during the construction process, which will be difficult to do in an already finished building.
Conclusion
As you can see, calculating a frame house is a very logical procedure that does not even require deep knowledge of mathematics. It is much more important to have knowledge in the field frame house construction or get a detailed drawing of the house being built, made by professionals.
Frame construction has recently gained great popularity. The cost of a frame house, compared to other materials, will be 30% less. It is very easy to obtain the consumption of lumber and facing mixtures. To calculate a frame house, it will be useful online calculator. The program works quickly. The main thing is to know the parameters and features of the future structure. Application features for obtaining reliable results will be discussed later in the article.
Project development
The first step is to develop a project for the future home. If you understand construction, you can compose it yourself. If not, seek help from an architect. The specialist, taking into account all your ideas and wishes, makes a drawing of the house.
The next stage is the selection of material and calculation of the required quantity and cost.
It is more convenient to make calculations at construction stages, which include:
- Pouring the foundation;
- Construction of the frame;
- Overlap;
- Roof installation;
- Roof.
An online calculator will help you calculate the construction of a frame house. It is important to remember that no two houses are alike. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to the location, presence and depth groundwater, type of soil, season of construction, and so on.
After selecting the concept and price, a detailed estimate is drawn up.
There are several technologies for building a frame house. Every geographical area has its own way of building a structure.
There is Scandinavian, Finnish, Canadian technology. Given their features, you should pay attention to some differences in design solutions.
The requirements directly depend on the materials that are used. After all, the reliability, strength and durability of the structure will depend on their quality and type.
Not only appearance is taken into account, weight, resistance to loads and environmental influences are also taken into account.
The designer must take their properties into account. Also select similar materials that can replace the main ones.
Online calculations of the future frame structure
Calculating a frame house, if you use a calculator, will allow you to quickly find out the amount of material that is needed for future construction. Without the program, you may not buy more or take something extra, and this is an additional expense.
Almost everyone uses online payments construction companies, because it’s fast and convenient. Today, almost everyone can use the service.
Before use, it is necessary to determine the exact parameters and dimensions of the building.
To get a calculation, you must enter the values and click the “calculate” button. The exact amount will be displayed as a result after all calculations are completed.
Sometimes it happens that people have not yet decided on the exact project, but want to know the approximate cost. This option is also possible.
When drawing up estimates, it is necessary to take into account all the costs that will be required for materials and workers’ services.
If the construction of the structure is planned on your own, then the amount will be less than if workers are involved.
Types of online programs
Exist different types calculators for calculations. This allows you to calculate all types of materials for building a house.
Let's look at the most common types.
Heat loss calculation
The heat in the room depends on the temperature characteristics of the region where the structure is being built. The climate is not taken into account when building a house intended for living in the summer.
When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the coefficient of thermal resistance. This applies to walls, floors and attic space. If this is not taken into account, the cold will come from the floor or the heat will escape through the attic. As a result, you can obtain the required thickness of walls and ceilings. In most cases, frame houses are supplied in kits, which come with accompanying documentation.
Construction of a house by Canadian technology involves the use of sandwich panels. For exterior finishing A minimum amount of materials is required. Insulation is provided inside the sandwich panels.
Deflection of wooden beams
To design a structure, it is necessary to calculate the load-bearing capacity of the beams. Most often, single-span beams and beams are selected. This allows you to quickly obtain the result, taking into account the section, pitch and span length.
Construction Materials
Allows you to determine the size of the roof rafters, stairs, foundation, frame. And also their volume for construction, walls, foundation pits, pouring the foundation.
Roof area
Depending on the type of roof, it is required different quantities material for its construction. Carefully select the roof, taking into account the characteristics of the area, as well as its weight.
Metal tiles will be lighter than clay tiles.
Facing
For the exterior decoration of the house, lining is used, which imitates logs or beams. You must first calculate their volume.
Wallpaper and paints for interior decoration
The volume of paint that will be needed to cover the walls can also be quickly calculated. You must enter the surface area to be painted into the program. So we'll find out average consumption paints, number of layers. After entering all the values, we get the result. The value may be slightly different from reality.
When calculating wallpaper, you must enter its width and height, wall parameters, as well as the number of meters in one roll.
The program will display the estimated number of rolls.
conclusions
Construction of a frame house is an expensive process that consists of several stages. Initially, it is necessary to design the structure; it is better to resort to the help of architects. Next, calculate the amount of materials needed. Analyze and begin construction.
Beautiful and durable frame buildings production of our company for many years has been delighting its owners with impeccable appearance and excellent performance characteristics. These are 1- and 2-story comfortable cottages “Bavaria”, “Bungalow”, “Villa”, “Zvenigorod”, “Radonezh”, “Stockholm”, “Tetris”, “Estate” and “Chalet”. All of them are built taking into account all requirements for modern technologies, but the cost of buildings even within the same series is not the same.
What affects the price
What determines the cost of building a house? From such important factors as:
- number of storeys;
- roof type;
- second light;
- building area;
- distance from the Moscow Ring Road;
- dimensions (length and width);
- the presence or absence of an attic;
- the presence of a terrace, balconies, parking space;
- the desired number of bedrooms on the first or second floor in the commissioned housing;
- use of siding, brick, blockhouse, facade panels when carrying out finishing work.
Using an online frame house calculator, the customer can independently determine the amount that will be spent on its construction. The future owner of a reliable and durable structure determines the need for internal finishing, installation of plumbing equipment, water supply and sewerage. The installation of heating, electrical, and natural ventilation systems is also calculated.
How to use an online calculator
A free calculator for calculating a frame house online is convenient program, allowing quickly, without extra costs time, determine the estimated cost of carrying out construction work. Anyone can use the service. It is especially in demand when performing work on an individual project.
To find out the cost of the work, you must fill in all the fields provided and then indicate the address Email and a telephone number to receive a calculation and clarify the configuration (“Lite”, “Basic”, “Economy”, “Comfort”, “Comfort”). After processing by our company’s specialists, the information is immediately sent to the specified email, and the customer has the opportunity to plan their expenses. Having such information greatly simplifies and speeds up the process of constructing a frame structure.
"BAKO" - convenience, comfort, professional approach to business.
Tired of the city bustle and noise? A house outside the city will solve this problem. But such a purchase may be too expensive. In this case, all that remains is to build own house, and technology will help you save frame construction. This article will discuss the stages of building a frame house and necessary materials for this.
The foundation of a frame house is the basis
Any structure begins with a foundation. It takes on the entire load of the house, and the stronger the foundation, the longer the house will last. Thus, a poorly made foundation can lead to distortion of the veranda, windows, and doors, which is why they will no longer close tightly over time. It is likely that this will cause cracks to appear in the walls of the structure.
To correct foundation defects, you will have to additionally spend up to fifty percent of the total construction cost. For a responsible, correct and thoughtful choice of the foundation of a frame house, it is necessary to take into account some points.
The calculation of the foundation must be carried out taking into account the above factors. The purpose of the calculation is to determine the load on the foundation and soil, to provide possible problems. In order to calculate the total load for the foundation, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the house, the furniture inside it and the people arriving there. Most often, pile and columnar foundations are used for frame buildings, since the weight of the buildings is small. Which does not at all prohibit the use of slab or ribbon types foundations.
Features of a columnar foundation of a frame house
This type of foundation consists of pillars buried in the ground. They can be round, rectangular, square. The cross section for such pillars can be either variable ( Bottom part column expanded) and constant (in the form of a parallelepiped or cylinder). Due to the expanded lower part (base) of the pillar, the bearing capacity of such a foundation increases. This will contribute to a more even distribution of the weight of the house, and when the soil heaves, it will serve as a barrier to pushing the pillars upward.
The columnar base can be made of monolithic concrete, brick and even wood. Wooden poles are not very durable, no matter how hard you try to protect them, sooner or later they will begin to rot, which is why their load-bearing capacity is also lost. This basis is only relevant for the construction of temporary structures.
Using bricks to build a columnar foundation is not very convenient and requires a lot of labor. It is quite problematic to stack a column of such material inside a well. However, this material for poles has high strength, which is important. Alternatively, you can fold the bricks into a pillar shape and lower the finished structure into the well. Of course, you need to let the mortar between the bricks dry.
The most common and the best material for a columnar foundation is monolithic reinforced concrete. Variable or permanent foundation cross section The pillar can be laid by first digging a rectangular or square hole. It is better to make the width of such a hole forty to fifty centimeters larger than what is needed for the pillar itself. This is necessary in order to place the formwork there, which will give the pillar future form. A frame made of reinforcement is placed inside the formwork, and then concrete is poured. After drying concrete mixture the formwork is dismantled and the pillar is covered with earth.
Wells for a columnar foundation can also be made using hand drill. The depth of the wells is determined by the level of freezing and also depends on the density of the soil. The drilling diameter varies from one hundred fifty to four hundred millimeters. The drill is very convenient and practical TISE-F. With its help, you can drill a well with a diameter of up to 20 cm. Due to the plow available with the drill, soil can be cut off from the bottom walls of the well. Thus, the lower part of the well has an expansion in the form of a hemisphere.
For a frame made of reinforcement, as a rule, two to four thick rods (ten to fifteen millimeters in diameter) are used, which are tied together with mounting thin reinforcement. The required volume of cement is calculated taking into account the diameter and depth of the well. The pillars are placed under the future load-bearing walls and at their intersections. The heads of the pillars should be fifty centimeters above the ground. This will provide a gap, thanks to which you can avoid rotting from dampness of the lower part of the structure of a wooden frame house.
For weak soil (swampy areas, peat soil), it is recommended to use a screw-pile foundation. Such piles are steel pipes, in the lower part of which there are blades. Due to them, screw piles are screwed into the ground. The blades also serve as a barrier to squeezing it out of the ground. One such pile can withstand a load of four to six tons. Its length can be up to twelve meters. When screwing screw piles, be sure to monitor its vertical position. The main advantage of this type of foundation is the absence earthworks, which affects finances. There is no need to use reinforcement and concrete.
Strip foundation - reliable, but expensive
The strip base is a closed strip of an unbreakable rigid concrete structure. It is laid under all load-bearing walls of the frame house. Compared to columnar foundation, tape requires large labor costs during construction in terms of land work and volume concrete material and therefore more reinforcement.
As a rule, during construction this type of foundation is used when it is necessary to build a basement or ground floor. In such cases, it is necessary to take into account the freezing of the foundation, which acts as a basement or plinth wall, and the depth groundwater. Such a structure on the ground side will need to be treated with waterproofing materials, and preferably. To do this, you will need materials made of foam glass or expanded polystyrene. The width of the tape is made ten to twenty centimeters greater than the thickness of the wall.
To avoid transverse deformation foundation, its height must be made twice the width of the tape itself.
Monolithic reinforced concrete slab as a foundation - this is the most reliable option. This base has the largest supporting area when compared to other types. Main feature Such a foundation is that it can and should be used on soils, the calculation of the bearing capacity of which does not allow the use of other types of foundations - soil heaving forces can least of all affect it. The thickness of the slab can be ten or more centimeters.
At the very beginning, to erect a monolithic slab, it is necessary to level the surface, make a sand and gravel cushion and compact it. Waterproofing material and insulation are laid on top and covered with film. After this procedure, a reinforcement frame is formed (ribbed rods with a diameter of twelve to sixteen millimeters are used). On average, it takes one square meter the foundation has about fourteen meters of reinforcement. When the frame is ready, the whole thing is poured with concrete.
Construction of a house frame - purchasing materials
The frame in this type of construction can be used either wooden or metal. Calculation of material for normal frame house has already been done many times by builders - we will provide ready-made figures, traditional for houses from 60 square meters. m. up to 80 sq. m. You can purchase all building materials for a frame house project at any construction market.
Yes, when using wooden frame its construction will require seven to nine cubic meters of timber. It is advisable to use a section of one hundred by one hundred and fifty millimeters. The following materials can be used for cladding the frame:
- moisture-resistant premium glass-magnesite sheet (can later be plastered or painted);
- particle board or oriented strand board;
- moisture resistant plywood.
For example, for a house 10 by 6 meters, wall cladding can take up to six oriented strand boards measuring 125 by 250 centimeters.
Large population of regions Russian Federation dreams of building his own house in which he and his family would live permanently.
In addition, they plan to build their own houses in a fairly short time, so says sociological survey. Also, a significant part of the population intends to build and country houses, in other words, dachas where they will spend their leisure time in the summer. Only a small percentage of the population surveyed is completely satisfied with their living in city apartments.
But sometimes dreams do not come true, or their implementation is extended over a long period due to the fact that those who dream of building their own home simply do not have enough financial resources or time. Therefore, to avoid such troubles, you must first carefully calculate the amount the required material and make an estimate for the construction of a frame house.
Distinctive feature frame houses– it is low cost and small sizes, which means their installation is quite simple to perform. Due to their size, they do not require high costs for building materials, which means that in relation to houses built using other technologies, frame buildings are distinguished by their low cost. For example, the average amount financial costs for building materials necessary for the construction of a house with an area of 100 m2 will be equal to 0.5 million rubles.
What necessary building materials will be contained in the kit needed to build such houses?
This kit will consist of the following items:
The future structure is the main factor in the selection and calculation of building materials, and it is its dimensions, which can be found in the design documentation, that will be used to carry out these calculations.
To obtain a more accurate and correct calculation, it is necessary to know exactly the dimensions of the structure’s frame, specifying the sections of the materials used and the spacing of their location. It is also advisable to draw up a plan that reflects all the components of the building and takes into account all the necessary nuances.
Despite the fact that after all the calculations there is 100% confidence in the amount of necessary building materials obtained, it is necessary to purchase them in slightly larger quantities. This will allow you not to interrupt the construction process and will allow you to complete the project on time, even in the event of a shortage of materials or any discrepancies in size. In addition, such materials may not be in warehouses, and it will be necessary to wait for them to be delivered from the sawmill, and this will delay the construction time.
Algorithm for calculating sections of building materials for a frame house
The basis of frame houses is only lumber, which is previously cleared of bark and various deposits and sawn in the form of boards, bars or slats having a standard length of 3-5 meters, but if necessary, you can order at a sawmill for individual measurements (and 1, 5 m, and even 6 m).
It is not recommended to save money on such materials; they guarantee a longer and more efficient service for the future home, so be sure to purchase the required quantities.
You should also correctly calculate the values of the following frame components: materials for the top and bottom trim and racks.
Lower and upper framing of the frame - calculation of the necessary building materials
In building materials used for tying the bottom and top of the frame, great attention refers to the length and section dimensions, as well as fasteners. These components are the main ones.
The size of the cross-section directly depends on what is used for construction insulation material. For example, if the insulation is 15 cm thick, the cross-section of the building material must be the following values: width 15 cm, height 10 cm. The best option It will be possible to use a solid block of this size, but it is possible to assemble it from 2 bars of smaller dimensions. The length of the beam needed to tie the bottom of the building frame is directly dependent on the overall dimensions of the foundation.
It is attached to the foundation base using anchor bolts, having a diameter of 3-3.2 cm. Also, instead of these elements, you can use threaded studs, the diameter of which corresponds to the above fastening materials, are inserted into the foundation before it hardens. The studs are selected in such a size that after immersion in concrete structure foundation, top part protruded to a height of 15 cm. Therefore, the minimum length of the hairpin should be 30-35 cm. To tie the lower part of a frame house with an area of 100 m2, use no more than 3 hairpins.
To fasten the strapping, it is necessary to connect the bars together. This is done using nails and pins. All corner connections are fixed with nails having a length of 15 cm and a diameter of 0.5 cm.
The upper part of the building frame is tied with the same number of building materials as in the lower part, and all dimensional dimensions of these lumber are also observed. The only difference is that the trim of the upper part is not connected to the foundation.
Operations for calculating materials for house racks
Of great importance when installing the frame of a building are racks, for the construction of which timber, boards and bars are used. Moreover, such materials should have the following dimensions:
The height of the building affects the length of the racks. Standard value the heights between the floor and the ceiling take a distance of 2.5 m; in specialized rooms (toilet, bathroom) this distance can be reduced, but not more than 0.5 m.
Therefore, to calculate the length of the racks, you need to take the resulting distance and add to it the height of the floor itself, including the thickness of its covering, joists and ceiling cladding material.
That is, the final height of the racks should be 2.7-2.8 m (where 20-30 cm is the additional height obtained from adding the height of the floors and ceiling covering).
When installing these parts of a frame house, you should remember that a certain distance must be maintained between them, calculated between the axes and the center of the racks, and not between the outer ribs. To determine the step size, exact dimensions of OSB sheets and insulation that will be used on the walls of the house are used, but it is still ideal exact calculation it is impossible to determine the step. It should also be taken into account that in the locations of window and door openings, the racks will be located according to a completely different principle.