A complex sentence connected by a coordinating clause. SPP with several subordinate clauses: examples

Non-union and allied coordinating connections are one of the ways of constructing. Without them, speech is poor, because they give more information and are capable of containing two or more sentences telling about different events.

Complex sentences and their types

Depending on the number of parts, complex structures are divided into two- and polynomial. In any of the options, the elements are connected either by a conjunction (which, in turn, is provided by the corresponding part of speech) or by a non-conjunction.

Depending on what types of relationships are present, complex formations create the following groups:

Complex sentence with non-union and allied coordinating connection: The sky suddenly darkened, a distant rumble was heard, and a wall of rain covered the ground, driving down dust and washing away the city smog.
Constructions that combine elements with a subordinating relationship, for example: The house we entered was depressing, but in this situation we had no choice.
Complex sentences with subordinating and non-conjunctive types of connections: No matter how he hurried, his help was late: another car took the wounded.
In polynomial constructions, subordinating, non-union and allied coordinating connections can be used simultaneously. The next time the phone rang, my mother answered it, but heard only the voice of a robot informing her that her loan was overdue.

It is important to be able to distinguish between complex sentences and constructions complicated, for example, by homogeneous predicates. As a rule, in the first case, the syntactic lexical unit contains several grammatical stems, while in the second there will be one subject and several predicates.

Non-union designs

In this type of lexical constructions, 2 simple sentences or more can be combined, which are connected by intonation and meaning. They can communicate with each other in the following ways:

Sentences are linked by enumeration. The evening gradually faded, night fell on the earth, the moon began to rule the world.
Constructions in which elements are divided into several parts, two of which are opposite fragments. The weather was as if to order: the sky cleared of clouds, the sun was shining brightly, a light breeze blew across the face, creating a slight coolness. In this non-union construction, the second fragment, consisting of 3 simple sentences connected by enumerative intonation, explains its first part.
Binary connection simple elements into a polynomial complex structure in which the parts are combined into semantic groups: The moon rose above the ridge, we did not immediately notice it: the haze hid its radiance.

A non-conjunctive, like a conjunctive coordinating connection, in a complete connection separates individual sentences from each other with punctuation marks.

Commas in non-union polynomial constructions

In complex compounds, their parts are separated by commas, semicolons, dashes and colons. Commas and semicolons are used in enumerative relations:

The parts are small in size and connected to each other in meaning. After the storm there was silence, followed by a light whisper of rain.
When parts are too common and not connected by a single meaning, a semicolon is used. Chamomiles and poppies covered the entire clearing; Grasshoppers were chirping somewhere below.

Unionless designs are most often used for transmission large quantity information that is not always related in meaning.

Dividing marks in non-union formations

These signs are used for the following types of relationships between elements of a syntactic structure:

Dash - when the second part is sharply opposed to the first, for example: We knew about his fears - no one knew about his readiness to die.(In such a construction with a non-union, as well as a union, coordinating connection between parts, I would like to put the conjunction “but”).
When the first part talks about a condition or time, then a dash is also placed between it and the second fragment. The rooster crowed - it's time to get up. In such sentences, the meaning of the conjunctions “if” or “when” is appropriate.
The same sign is placed if the second part contains a conclusion about what was discussed in the first. There was no strength to object - he silently agreed. In such conjunction constructions, “therefore” is usually inserted.
When the second part of the sentence is compared and determined by what is narrated in the first. He makes a speech - he breathes hope into people. In these constructions you can add “as if” or “as if”.
In sentences with an explanatory connection and justification of the reason, a colon is used. I’ll tell you to the point: you can’t let your friends down.

Sentences with a non-union, as well as a union, coordinating connection between parts are separated by signs depending on their semantic relationship.

Complex constructions

In sentences of this type, a coordinating connection is used, carried out using coordinating conjunctions. In this case, between their parts there may be:

Connective relationships interconnected by unions and, yes or, particles also, also and neither...nor. No birds chirp, no mosquito squeaks, no cicadas chirp.
In separating relationships, conjunctions are used what and, or, particles either... or, not that... not that and others. Either the wind brings an incomprehensible sound, or it itself approaches us.
Sentences with both non-union and allied coordinating connections with comparative relations indicate the identity of events, but in the second case with the use of conjunctions namely And that is. Everyone was happy to see him, that is, that’s what he read on their faces.
Explanatory relationships tend to use conjunctions yes, but, ah, particles but, and therefore and others. A blizzard was raging outside the window, but it was warm near the fireplace in the living room.

Often it is conjunctions and particles that explain what connects simple sentences into a single complex structure.

Complex sentences with mixed types of communication

Constructions where a non-union and a union coordinating connection are present at the same time occur quite often. They can contain separate blocks, each of which contains several simple sentences. Within blocks, some elements are connected to others in meaning and are separated by punctuation marks with or without conjunctions. In a complex sentence with a non-conjunctive and a conjunctive coordinating connection, the boundary between them is the dividing marks, although the individual blocks may not be connected in meaning.

The parts of a complex sentence must be connected to each other using a coordinating or subordinating connection. What kind of connection is used in a complex sentence can be determined by the conjunction and some others important details. This is how they distinguish (SSP) and complex sentences (SPP).

To begin with, we should remember that difficult sentence consists of two or more grammatical bases that have a single semantic meaning. How these stems interact determines the type of sentence and the punctuation required.

For example, the sentence “I'll go for a walk” is simple, it has one grammatical basis. But if you add one more part to it (“I’ll go for a walk, but first I’ll do my homework”), you’ll get a SSP with two stems “I’ll go for a walk” and “I’ll do my homework,” where “but” acts as a coordinating conjunction.

What is coordinating communication? This is the interaction of two or more parts that are equal and independent of each other. Coordinating sentences are defined in two simple ways.

Necessary:

Asking a question from one grammatical basis to another is usually impossible in SSP: “The morning was cool, but I went for a bike ride.”
Try to divide the SSP into two separate sentences without losing the meaning: “The sun disappeared behind the hill, and the heads of the sunflowers drooped sadly” - “The sun went down” and “The heads of the sunflowers sadly drooped.” The meaning is not lost, but one sentence has turned into two separate ones.

Vivid examples can be found in Russian folklore: “The hair is long, but the mind is short”, “The woman dances, and the grandfather cries”, “The woman is with the cart, but the mare is lighter”; they are also found in descriptions of nature and texts of reflection.

Parts of the BSC are usually connected by conjunctions of the same name, which are divided into types: connecting (and, also, etc.), dividing (or, either, not that... not that, etc.) and adversative (but, but, but, etc.).

It is important to know! Coordinating connection can be used not only to connect simple sentences as part of a complex sentence, but also to connect homogeneous members, participial or adverbial phrases.

Subordinating connection

If two or more grammatical stems are used, and they are not equal, but depend in some order on each other, then this is a complex sentence with.

An IPP necessarily has a main part and a subordinate clause, and from the first to the second you can ask a defining question.

For example, “Vasya went out for a walk because his mother started general cleaning" The main part “Vasya went out for a walk”, from it we ask the question “why did he do this?” and in the subordinate part the answer is “because mom started spring cleaning.”

The secondary or subordinate part can act as a circumstance, definition or addition.

This type of interaction can be defined:

By asking a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause.
By highlighting the grammatical basics and identifying the main one.
Determine the type of union.

In writing, such relationships between parts are highlighted by punctuation marks, and in oral speech – by an intonation pause.

Types of subordinating connections

In order to correctly parse a sentence into parts and determine the types of subordinating connections, it is necessary to correctly identify the main part and ask a question from it to the subordinate clause.

The subordinate clause can be of several types:

The attribute answers the questions: which one? which? whose?
The indicative answers questions of indirect cases, i.e. everything except the nominative.
The adverbial answers the questions: where? Where? For what? where? Why? When? How?

Since the group of adverbial clauses is very large, subgroups are distinguished among them. Questions also help determine the species.

The adverbial adverbial clause is of the following types:

time (when? how long?);
places (where? to where? from?);
reasons (why?);
goals (for what? for what purpose?);
mode of action and degree (how? to what extent? to what extent?);
comparisons (how?);
consequences (what follows from this?);
conditions (under what condition?);
concessions (in spite of what?).

Important! The type of subordinate clause is determined precisely by the question, and not by the type of subordinating conjunction or allied word. So, for example, the conjunctive word “where” can be used not only in adverbial clauses, but also in the attributive clause: “I’m rushing to that house (which one?) where I used to live.”

Types of communication in NGN

Since such a sentence often contains several subordinate clauses at once, it should also define subordinate relations:

Consistent submission. Each subordinate clause refers to a word from the preceding clause ("I was humming a song I heard yesterday when we were walking in the park").
Homogeneous submission. The structure resembles homogeneous members offers. Subordinate clauses answer one question and refer to the same word in the main sentence, while subordinating conjunctions can be different (“After what happened, I didn’t understand how to live and what to do next, how to forget everything and start life again”). The placement of punctuation marks follows the same rule as punctuation for homogeneous members of a sentence.
Parallel subordination. Subordinate clauses refer to the same main sentence, but answer different questions: “I was bored there, despite the crowd of people, because no one was interesting to me there.”

Important! There may also be sentences with combined subordination.

Subtleties of punctuation

It is equally important to know what punctuation marks should be placed in the SSP and SPP, because the parts are necessarily connected by a conjunction - service part speech that is not inflected, does not conjugate and connects homogeneous members or simple sentences as part of a complex one. It is the conjunction that helps to understand what type of connection is used in a sentence.

Coordinating and subordinating connections in sentences involve the use of conjunctions of the same name. Moreover, any of them is necessarily highlighted by a comma on paper, and when reading - by an intonation pause.

Subordinating conjunctions include: what, how, so that, barely, only, when, where, from where, so much, to what extent, as if, as if, because, if, despite that, although, etc.

The coordinating connection in a sentence and phrase determines the use of conjunctions: and, yes, not only, also, but also, also, as ..., so, or, either, then, but, however, also, also, that is, etc.

But sentences can also be non-conjunctive, in which case its parts are separated not only by a comma (“The sun has risen, the roosters have begun their morning songs as usual”), but also by other punctuation marks:

with a colon: “I told you: you can’t be late!”
semicolon: “The stars lit up in the sky, filling the night with light; sensing the night, a wolf howled on a high hill in the distance; a night bird screamed nearby on a tree.”
dash: “It’s pouring like buckets outside - it’s impossible to go out for a walk.”

Useful video

Let's sum it up

The presence of complex sentences makes writing and oral speech bright and expressive. They can often be found in fiction and journalistic articles. Availability complex structures allows a person to correctly and consistently express his thoughts, as well as show his level of literacy. Errors in punctuation, on the contrary, indicate low speech culture and illiteracy.

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence

A complex sentence is a sentence that contains two or more grammatical stems. Types of complex sentences can be represented in the following diagram:

Complex sentences:

1.Allied
2.Non-Union. I am sitting in my garden, the lamp is burning.
3.With different types of communication.Thunder struck, lightning flashed, and soon the sound of rain was heard.

Compound. The desert listens to God, and star speaks to star.

Complex subordinates. I know that I don't know anything.

Let's sort it out in order.

Co complex The proposals are quite simple:

A comma is placed between simple sentences that are part of a complex sentence: Morning came and everyone went home.

A comma is not used if sentences connected by conjunctions have common minor member, introductory word, comparative phrase or general subordinate clause: From the window you can see the Volga and the stars sparkle high(general term – “out of the window”).

Complex sentences

We put a comma:

between simple sentences that are part of a complex one: We set off as the sun rose. Let me know where you are staying. To prevent the child from getting wet, he was wrapped in a cloak.
when using compound conjunctions because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, instead of, while, after, since, in order to, in order to . Depending on the meaning, a comma is placed either before or inside conjunctions: He didn't come to school because he was sick. We only left because it got dark.
between homogeneous subordinate clauses Punctuation marks are placed in the same way as between homogeneous members of a sentence: It was obvious that he was right and that I was entirely to blame.

Don't put a comma:

between standing nearby unions what if, what although , if further there is a second part of the union That or So : He said that if the weather did not improve, then we should forget about fishing.
if there is a negation before the conjunction (conjunctive word) Not : He began to find out not what happened, but who did it.
if the subordinate part is one conjunctive word: He promised to return, but did not say when.
before a subordinating conjunction if it is preceded by words in particular, that is, namely, especially : He became better, especially when he learned about what had happened.
before steady speed as you like, wherever it goes, at any cost, as much as you like, unknown where, as if nothing had happened, etc.

IN non-union complex sentences there is always some punctuation mark. It is important to understand which one. Let's figure it out!

We put a comma

between simple sentences that are part of a complex one, if they are short and related: Clouds piled up, lightning flashed, and it rained.

We put a colon:

the second sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first (in meaning, a conjunction can be inserted between them because ): Love a book: (=because) it will help you sort out the confusion of life.
the second sentence reveals the content of the first (in terms of meaning, you can insert words between them, namely ): The picture changed: (=namely) the snow had melted, the damp earth was smoking, grass was breaking through.
the second sentence complements the first (in meaning a subordinating conjunction can be inserted between them What : "I feel that..."): Suddenly I feel (=that) someone is pulling me to the side.
The second sentence expresses a direct question: Tell me, branch of Palestine: where did you grow, where did you bloom?

We put a dash:

with a rapid change of events, an unexpected result: I woke up and he was no longer there. The cheese fell out - such was the trick with it.
when contrasted (in meaning, a subordinating conjunction can be inserted between the parts ah, but ): Sasha is stupid - (=a) Petya is smart.
if the first sentence expresses the time or condition of the action (in meaning, conjunctions can be placed before the first sentence when, if ): (When) the forest is cut down, the chips fly.
when comparing (meaningfully, you can insert conjunctions between the parts as if): Says a word - (= as if) a nightingale is singing.
if the second sentence represents a result or conclusion (in terms of meaning, you can insert the word between the parts That's why ): The smoky sun is rising - (=therefore) it will be a hot day.

Complex sentence with different types of communication is a combination of complex sentences already known to us. Therefore, it is important to determine by what connection the parts of the sentence are coordinated. We put punctuation marks based on this. The most questions arise when coordinating and subordinating conjunctions are next to each other. When should they be separated by a comma? It's simple here:

Compare:
You can call me, but if you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow.
You can call me, but if you don’t call today, we’ll leave tomorrow.

Let's sum it up

First we need to determine whether the sentence is simple or complex. To do this, we count the number of grammatical stems.
If the sentence is simple, pay attention to the subject and predicate - are they the ones that need to be put with a dash between them?
Is this simple sentence complicated? Does it contain homogeneous members of the sentence, introductory words or constructions, addresses, conjunction “how”?
If this sentence is complex, we need to determine the type of coordinating connection.
Coordinating conjunctions: and, ah, but, yes . It’s simple here - if they are there, it means the sentence is complex. If parts of a complex sentence do not have a common member, feel free to put a comma.
If we don’t see coordinating conjunctions, but see some others, most likely the sentence is complex. We check whether we have separated any allied words with an extra comma.
If we don’t see any connecting words, but the sentence is complex, then it is non-conjunctive. Our task is to determine which character separates the parts of a non-union complex sentence: a comma, a dash or a colon.
If in a sentence we see both conjunctions (or allied words), both coordinating and subordinating ones, and a non-union connection, we focus on each type of connection separately. Special attention pay attention to the presence of conjunctions in the second part then, yes, but .

Syntactic analysis of a sentence must begin with a thorough study of theoretical material on this topic. This is the main component of a positive result. The most extensive practical skills will be the analysis of a complex sentence, for example, with different types of communication.

First of all, it is necessary to characterize the entire syntactic model as a whole, and then each part individually. For clarity, let’s analyze a complex sentence with various types communications.

Melancholy suddenly came upon me, as if it wanted to finish me off completely, and in order not to succumb to despondency, I plunged into work, which, it seemed to me, was supposed to distract me.

We build a diagram and prove that we are dealing with complex sentence with different types of connections:

[Melancholy suddenly fell] 1, [as if she wanted to finish me off completely] 2, and, (in order not to succumb to despondency) 3, [I plunged into work] 4, (which, it seemed to me, was supposed to distract me)5.

We reason: 5 grammatical basics, i.e. 5 simple ones make one complex. We conditionally divide them into 2 segments: 1 and 2 simple sentences (BSP) + 3, 4 and 5 (SPP with two subordinate clauses), the connection between which is carried out by the coordinating conjunction and. Thus, we observe a non-union subordinating and coordinating (main) connection between the parts of a complex sentence.

│ 1, 2 │, and, │(to...) 3, [noun] 4,(which) 5.

Let us characterize the entire proposal. We are dealing with narrative, complexity, with different types of connections. By emotional coloring- non-exclamatory.

The first block, consisting of two simple sentences (BSS), is not complex in its characteristics, so we will pay more attention to the second block - SSP with two subordinate clauses.

In this SPP we see clear example parallel subordination, because Both simple subordinate clauses refer to more than one word in the main part and answer different questions. so as not to give in to despondency - clause of purpose(plunged into work for what purpose?), it refers to the entire sentence and is introduced by the subordinating conjunction “to”; ... which, as it seemed to me, should have distracted me - a subordinate attributive (what kind of work?), correlates with the noun “work” in the main part of the sentence and is attached using the conjunctive word “which”.

And now we give a description of each simple element that is part of our complex one.

Melancholy suddenly came upon me...

... as if she wanted to finish me off completely... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.

...so as not to give in to despondency... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, one-part (impersonal), uncommon, incomplete, uncomplicated.

... I plunged into work... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.

... which, it seemed to me, was supposed to distract me... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by an introductory phrase.

Thus, parsing compound sentence completed in full. This principle should also be used to analyze complex sentences. Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that you need to know the theoretical part thoroughly, since the analysis of the complex is closely intertwined with the characteristics of the simple.

We are convinced that the above analysis of the sentence will help in working on similar syntactic constructions.

Good luck in mastering the basics of Russian syntax.