Heating and ventilation

Connecting two boilers to one heating system - the best option for continuous heating of the house

From the author: Hello, dear friends! A home heating system with two boilers is one of the most common situations. Gas and electric boilers provide comfort to households and do not require frequent maintenance, and solid fuel helps reduce costs and protect family budget from extra costs.

How to correctly connect two boilers to one heating system, in series or in parallel, are there any analogues for connecting other types of boilers, and on what principle will the work take place? We will try to answer all these questions in today’s article.

How to make heating with two boilers

Creating a circuit for two heating boilers is associated with the obvious decision to make maximum use of the functionality of diverse types of heating systems for a private home. Today, several connection options are offered:

• and electric;
• boiler for solid fuel and electricity;
• solid fuel boiler and gas.

Before you begin selecting and installing new system heating, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with brief characteristics operation of joint boilers.

Connecting electric and gas boilers

One of the easiest heating systems to operate involves combining gas boiler with electric. There are two connection options: parallel and serial, but parallel is considered preferable, since it is possible to repair one of the boilers, replace and shut down, and also leave only one operating in minimum mode.

Such a connection can be completely closed, and used as a coolant plain water or ethylene glycol for heating systems.

Connecting gas and solid fuel boilers

The most technically complex option, as it requires careful preparation ventilation system and rooms for large and fire hazardous installations. Before installation, read the installation rules separately for gas and solid fuel boilers, choosing the best option. In addition, the heating of the coolant is difficult to control in a solid fuel boiler, and compensation for overheating requires open system, at which excess pressure is reduced in the expansion tank.

Important: a closed system when connecting gas and solid fuel boilers is prohibited and is considered a serious violation of fire safety.

Optimal performance of two boilers can be achieved using a multi-circuit heating system, which consists of two circuits independent of each other.

Connecting a solid fuel and electric boiler

Please rate before connecting specifications selected and read the instructions. Manufacturers produce models for open and closed heating systems. In the first case, the best option is to focus the operation of two boilers on a common heat exchanger; in the second, it can be easily connected to an already operating open circuit.

Dual fuel heating boilers

In an effort to obtain high performance of the heating system, to avoid power outages and in the operation of the unit, many are turning to installing dual-fuel boilers. Despite big sizes and solid weight, combination boilers work properly due to the use different types fuel and minimal maintenance costs.

The scheme, in which gas and firewood are used to heat the coolant, is considered the most popular and convenient, since it works with an open heating system. If you want to install a closed system, then it is recommended to install an additional circuit for the heating system in the tank of a universal boiler.

Manufacturers of heating boilers produce several types of dual-fuel combination boilers:

• gas with liquid fuel;
• gas with solid fuel;
• solid fuel with electricity.

Solid fuel boiler and electricity

One of the financially reasonable and functionally convenient combination boilers is considered to be a solid fuel boiler with an electric heater that allows you to control and regulate temperature regime in the house. Thanks to the use of heating elements, such boilers have a number of advantages and positive characteristics. Let's take a closer look at the operating principle of the heating system of a combined boiler.

A combi boiler only operates on one type solid fuel. The water in the circuit begins to heat up when the loaded raw material burns. As soon as the fuel burns out, the thermostat activates and the electric heaters turn off, and the water begins to cool. As a result of a decrease in temperature, the heating element automatically turns on to heat the water. The heating and cooling process is cyclical, so the house is constantly maintained at a comfortable temperature.

To optimize the operation of circuits, manufacturers suggest using heat accumulators. Externally, they are a container with a volume of 1.5 to 2 cubic meters. Operating principle: circuit pipes pass through the battery tank and heat the available water. After the boiler has finished operating, the hot water slowly releases thermal energy to the heating system. Thanks to the batteries, the temperature is maintained stably for a long time.

To summarize, it can be noted that to reduce the cost of heating a private home and ensure uninterrupted and stable operation of the heating system, installing a dual-fuel boiler is the best and proven option.

Parallel and series connection of boilers

When planning a heating system of two or three boilers, it is important to take into account the position of the main and connecting elements. And it’s not only about ease of operation and space saving, but also about the ability to carry out repairs in local areas, preventive work and receiving technically safe work heating systems. The choice of parallel or serial connection, the creation of technical diagrams allow you to carefully consider all the nuances of equipment installation and additional elements, length and number of pipes, their laying and places for wall grooves.

Parallel connection

Parallel connection is used to connect gas and solid fuel boilers with a volume of more than 50 liters. This choice is justified, first of all, by saving coolant and reducing the load on the system.

Advice: Before calculating the financial savings, you need to take into account the high cost similar systems and installation, in combination with an electric boiler, of additional equipment on the circuit: shut-off valves, expansion tank- security group.

Note that a parallel type system can operate in two modes: manual and automatic, in contrast to a sequential one. In order for the system to operate only in manual mode, it is necessary to install shut-off valves/ball valves or a mortise By-Pass system.

For organization automatic operation An electric boiler with a gas or solid fuel will require the insertion of a servo drive and an additional thermostat, a three-way zone valve to be able to switch the heating circuit from one boiler to another. This connection option is appropriate when the total displacement of the system coolant is per 1 kW of boiler power.

Serial connection

The feasibility of a series connection is justified if an expansion tank and a safety group built into the gas boiler are used. In this situation, you can with the least amount of difficulty connect the heating system.

In order to save on components and increase functionality when connecting an electronic boiler paired with a solid fuel or gas boiler, it is necessary to take into account the volume of the tank. Connection recommended for sizes up to 50 liters.

An electric boiler can be connected before or after a gas boiler, depending on the convenience and physical possibility of connecting the system. It is recommended to make a connection taking into account the fact that the circulation pump will be located on the “return” of both one and the second boiler. If a circulation pump is used in a gas boiler, then the best option There will be an installation of an electric boiler first, and then a gas one.

Important: the use of a safety group and an expansion tank when connecting the heating system of a gas and electric boiler is key point when inserting into an existing contour.

To summarize, we can say that each of the schemes has the right to exist and has proven its effectiveness. And yet, what should you choose and how to correctly organize the connection of boilers in pairs: in series or in parallel? The answer will vary depending on your individual requirements:

• physical capabilities of the room for installing two boilers;
• well-thought-out ventilation and sewage system;
• ratio of thermal and energy parameters;
• choice of fuel type;
• the ability to control and prevent the heating system;
• financial component when purchasing boilers and additional elements.

Requirements for rooms with a solid fuel boiler

To premises with installed boilers there are a number of requirements specified in regulatory documents.

Boiler room requirements:

• the volume of the boiler room depends on the power of the boiler: for a boiler with a power of up to 30 kW, a room area of ​​7.5 m2 is required, with a power of 60 kW - 13.5 m2, with a power of up to 200 kW - 15 m2;
• a boiler with a power of more than 30 kW should be located in the center of the prepared room for better air circulation and maximum operating efficiency;
• the floor, walls, partitions and ceilings in the boiler room must be made of non-flammable and fire-resistant materials, using waterproofing coatings;
• the boiler body is installed on a foundation or a special pedestal made of non-combustible materials;
• for boilers with a power of less than 30 kW, it is possible to use a pedestal made of flammable materials, but using a steel sheet on it;
• the main supply of fuel should be stored in an adjacent room;
• the daily supply of fuel can be stored at a distance of 1 or more meters from the boiler;
• providing ventilation.

Requirements for rooms with gas boilers

Requirements for boiler rooms with gas apparatus focused around intelligent ventilation and boiler power. With a power of less than 30 kW, you can install a heating system in any non-residential room where an air circulation system is equipped. If you use liquefied gas, the boiler may take place in the basement or basement.

The most difficult thing is with boilers with a power of more than 30 kW, they require separate room with a ceiling height of at least 2.5 m and an area of ​​7.5 m2. For a kitchen with a functioning gas stove an area of ​​15 m2 will be required.

By deciding to combine two boilers into a single heating system, you definitely win. As a result of the efforts and financial components spent, you can reduce costs, protect the family budget from unnecessary costs and ensure uninterrupted operation of the heating system. We hope that we have clarified the issue of connecting two boilers and helped you make the right decision. See you again on the pages of our website!

A feature of solid fuel boilers is the need to load firewood to maintain heat in heating devices; this requires constant attention from residents. The solution to the problem in this situation can be connecting a heat accumulator, installing an additional boiler in the heating system, or using two boilers simultaneously: solid fuel and gas.

In this case, heat is supplied to the batteries if the firewood in the firebox has already run out, but there is gas in the cylinder. As alternative option you can install a wood-gas unit that does not require special costs and efforts on installation work. But practical use showed that connecting two boilers into one system is much more efficient and profitable. When connecting a gas and solid fuel boiler at the same time, the system is in mode permanent job even if one of the devices fails. A breakdown of a boiler running on gas or wood leads to the stoppage of the entire system and the rooms become cold.

What is the difficulty of connecting two boilers?

The main difficulty of using two boilers in one heating system is the need to arrange different types strapping. Two gas boilers in one house can only be installed with a closed heating system. That is, connecting a gas boiler to the heating system will not cause problems. And for solid fuel units an open system is needed. The fact is that the second version of the boiler is capable of heating water to very high temperature, which leads to increased pressure in the system. Even with low coal combustion, the coolant continues to heat up.

In such a situation, pressure relief in the heating network is required, for which an expansion tank is inserted into the circuit open type. If the volume of this element of the system is insufficient, a separate pipe can be led into the sewer to drain excess coolant. However, installing such a tank may cause air to enter the coolant, which may damage the internal elements of the gas boiler, pipes and heating appliances.

You can avoid all the listed difficulties of connecting two boilers into one heating system at the same time using two options:

• Use a heat accumulator - a device that allows you to combine a closed and open heating system.
• Organize a closed heating circuit for a solid fuel and pellet boiler using a special safety group. In this case, the units can operate autonomously and in parallel.

Installation of a heating system with a heat accumulator

The use of such an element in a scheme with two boilers in one heating system has several features depending on the installed units:

• The heat accumulator, gas boiler and heating devices form a single closed system.
• Solid fuel boilers, burning wood, pellets or coal, heat water, thermal energy transferred to the heat accumulator. This, in turn, heats the coolant circulating through a closed heating circuit.

For self-creation For heating schemes with two boilers, you must purchase the following:

• Boiler.
• Thermal accumulator.
• Expansion tank of appropriate volume.
• Hose for additional coolant removal.
• There are 13 shut-off valves.
• Pump for forced circulation of coolant in the amount of 2 pieces.
• Three-way valve.
• Water filter.
• Steel or polypropylene pipes.

Such a scheme is characterized by operation in several modes:

• Transfer of thermal energy from a solid fuel boiler through a heat accumulator.
• Heating water with a solid fuel boiler without using this device.
• Receiving heat from a gas boiler connected to a gas cylinder.
• Connecting two boilers at the same time.

Assembly of an open type system with a heat accumulator

The organization of this type of heating system is carried out according to the following scheme:

• Shut-off valves are installed on two fittings of the solid fuel boiler.
• Connect the expansion tank. In this case, its location should be at the very high level relative to other elements of the heating circuit.
• Taps are also installed on the heat accumulator pipes.
• The boiler and heat accumulator are connected through two pipes.
• Cut two tubes into the circuit between the heat accumulator and the boiler, leaving a small distance from the taps. Shut-off valves are also installed on these tubes. Additional tubes will allow you to heat the coolant from a solid fuel boiler without using a heat accumulator.

• Next, a jumper is inserted to connect the supply and return pipes in the gap between the heat accumulator and the boiler. To attach the jumper to the supply, you can use welding or fittings; on the return pipe, the jumper is secured using a three-way valve. The coolant circulates through the small circle formed until its temperature reaches 60 degrees. With stronger heating, the water begins to move in a large circle, capturing the heat accumulator.
• Connect a water purification filter and a circulation pump. Both devices must be installed on the heating circuit return pipe, optimal place The gap between the boiler and the three-way valve is considered. An outlet with a pump and filter is located here. It should be remembered that cranes must be installed before and after these elements. The advantage of the U-shaped outlet is the possibility of installing a bypass, through which the coolant will flow in the absence of electricity. Naturally, a gas boiler room in a private house must have enough space to accommodate all the necessary equipment.

Closed system with heat accumulator

A closed heating system does not require the installation of an expansion tank, so the installation process is greatly simplified. More often gas boilers equipped with an expansion tank and a safety valve.

To properly assemble such a heating circuit, you must follow certain instructions:

• A tap and a pipe leading to the heating devices are connected to the supply fitting of the gas boiler.
• A pump is installed on this pipe for forced circulation of the coolant. It should be placed in front of the radiators.
• Each radiator is connected in series.
• A pipe goes from them to the heating boiler. At the end of the pipe, at a short distance from the unit powered by a gas cylinder, a shut-off valve is installed.
• The supply and return pipes are connected to the pipes going to the heat accumulator. One of the tubes is connected in front of the pump, the second tube is connected behind the heating devices. Each tube is equipped with a tap; the tubes that were previously cut in before and after the heat accumulator should also be connected here.

Installation of a closed system with two boilers - gas and solid fuel

When installing such a heating system, a solid fuel and a gas boiler in one circuit are connected in parallel with the mandatory installation of a safety group. The open expansion tank is replaced with a closed membrane tank, which is located in a special room.

The security group includes the following elements:

• Valve for removing accumulated air.
• A safety valve that can be used to reduce pressure in the system.
• Pressure gauge.

The question of how to connect two boilers, gas and solid, is solved in the following order:

• Shut-off valves are installed on the pipes coming from the heat exchangers of a gas and solid fuel boiler in one system.
• A safety group is located on the supply pipe coming from the solid fuel unit. In this case, it can be placed near the valve.
• The supply pipes of both boilers are connected. First, a jumper is cut into the line coming from the solid fuel boiler, along which the movement of the coolant in a small circle will be organized. The distance from the boiler to the tapping point can be up to 2 meters. A reed valve is installed next to the jumper. When a wood-burning boiler is turned off, this scheme does not allow coolant to enter the boiler, despite the strong pressure that the gas boiler creates.
• Connect the supply line to heating devices located in different rooms and at different distances from each other.
• A return line is installed between the boilers and heating appliances. At a certain place it is divided into two pipes: one is directed to the gas boiler, the other to the solid fuel unit. A spring valve is installed in front of the device powered by a gas cylinder. A jumper and a three-way valve are connected to another pipe.
• A membrane expansion tank and a pump for forced circulation of coolant are installed in the area before dividing the return line.

The diagram for connecting two boilers into one system can be used when installing a universal combined heating boiler.

You “just” need to add a hydraulic arrow. After which you can connect in one system any number of boilers (also any) with any number of circuits with any consumers.

However, I made a reservation: in addition to the hydraulic switch, two more pumps were added - one for each boiler.

How does the scheme with a hydraulic arrow and two boilers work?

Boiler pumps supply coolant from the water gun to the boilers, where it is heated and again enters the water gun. The coolant is disassembled from the hydraulic arrow by circuit pumps - everyone takes as much as he needs, without obstacles. If the flow rates through the boilers and through the circuits differ, then part of the coolant will simply fall or rise inside the hydraulic arrow, adding where it is lacking. And the whole system will work stably.

Connecting two boilers: detailed diagram

And, as always, I bring detailed diagram connection like this:

Reminder. I talked about this several times, but I will repeat: circulation pumps and check valves, which for each consumer circuit, can be mounted not only, as in the diagram, after the supply manifold. But even before the return collector - all three, or some this way, some this way, the main thing is to observe the direction of flow.

In the diagram above, the pump manifold is assembled from separately purchased parts. And the hydraulic arrow, accordingly, is also separate. But you can simplify and speed up the assembly of the heating system by using a unit that combines a manifold with a hydraulic valve.

The installation of a heating system in a private house begins with the installation of a boiler. In many countryside villages there is no gas pipeline with natural gas. Instructions on how to properly connect a solid fuel boiler will alleviate this problem.

Necessary conditions for the correct connection of a solid fuel boiler to the heating system

1. A separate room for the boiler room is selected. The area is about 7m2. Boiler room in separate building perfect option. Loading fuel into the boiler room can be made easier. Enough in the receiving hopper area with outside where, for example, coal will be unloaded, install a so-called chute. Having unloaded the fuel into the receiving hopper, the coal is poured down the slope into the boiler room on its own.
2. It is preferable to place the heating boiler below the 0 floor level. This boiler installation option ensures ideal coolant circulation in the heating system without the use of circulation pump.
3. The base for the boiler must be made of a concrete pad with an even top layer. Thickness concrete screed 10 cm. The base area under the boiler should be 20 cm larger than the dimensions of the connected boiler. On the firebox side 40-50 cm.
4. According to SNiP standards and fire safety requirements, the distance between the boiler and the wall is 50 cm. From the side of the combustion opening, firebox, to the opposite wall the distance is at least 1.3 m.
5. The installed heating boiler should not have gaps between the base and the body.
6. It is necessary to connect the boiler to the heating system steel pipe at least 1 meter long at the inlet and outlet of the pipeline. Connect the boiler to the heating system with copper and polymer pipes wrong.

Below is the diagram applied correct connection solid fuel boiler.

There are many connection methods. Let's consider one of the simple and reliable connection methods.

A safety group is installed from the boiler on the direct pipeline. After the safety group, a tee for the bypass is installed. Next, the supply is connected to the heating system wiring. Having given up its heat in the heating system, the coolant returns to the boiler through the return pipe. To avoid the main disease in the operation of solid fuel boilers, condensation, which negatively affects the integrity of the boiler, a thermostatic three-way valve is installed, connected to the return line on the bypass, set to a temperature of 50-60°C. When heated, the coolant circulates through a small circuit through a three-way valve. A temperature of 55°C prevents the formation of condensation on the inner walls of the boiler. A circulation pump is installed after the three-way thermostatic valve. As soon as the return temperature reaches 55°C, the three-way valve opens and the heated coolant flows into the heating circuit to the radiators.

Connecting a solid fuel boiler paired with a gas boiler, diagrams and features

The connection diagram for a solid fuel boiler in parallel with a gas boiler differs from the installation of two solid fuel boilers. The requirements for the boiler room, where the main condition is air exchange, also differ:

• The area of ​​a boiler room with a gas boiler, as recommended by fire authorities and the gas service, is calculated as follows: 1 kW of power - 0.2 m 3 with a ceiling height of 2.5 m, but not less than 15 m 3.
• A boiler room with a gas boiler must be equipped with a window with a window, the size of which is 0.03 m2 per 1 m3 of room volume.
• The entrance door of the boiler room must open only to the street. The door width is at least 80cm.

Gas boilers are available in two versions. Floor and wall. The requirements for installing a floor-standing gas boiler are the same as for a solid fuel boiler. The length of the pipe connecting the chimney and the boiler is no more than 25 cm. If the boiler is coaxial, the pipe for removing combustion products is installed at an angle of -3°. Otherwise, a separate ceramic or lined pipe is required for a gas boiler stainless steel with a hatch to remove combustion products, and a tee with a tap to remove condensate is installed at the bottom of the pipe.

A gas and solid fuel boiler are connected in parallel to the heating system in several ways. The schemes are different, it is not necessary to know them all, it is enough to understand the features that must be taken into account when using this combination of boilers in relation to your premises:

1. Use the heat exchanger effectively. It will separate the open and closed heating circuits. Connect the boiler to one of the circuits, and connect the second boiler to the second circuit. A solid fuel boiler, capable of raising the coolant temperature to 115°C, heats the secondary closed circuit to which the gas boiler is connected. The gas boiler is adjusted to a temperature of about 50-60°C. The main load will be taken on by the solid fuel boiler. As the fuel burns out, the gas boiler will automatically turn on, heating the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger. The secondary circuit is equipped with a diaphragm expander. A closed expansion tank protects radiators from excess pressure. With this scheme of a connected solid fuel boiler, it is possible to install an open expansion tank directly in the boiler room under the ceiling.
2. Using a hydraulic boom to parallel connection boilers are mainly used in houses with large areas. The operating principle of this system is as follows. The heating solid fuel boiler is installed first with a circulation pump, for example, 25/60 installed on the return pipe. Mounted on the pipe between the boiler and the pump solenoid valve MD, which regulates the operation of the boiler circulation. Mandatory installation of a configured safety valve on the supply pipe. Shut-off valves not installed on the feed. The gas boiler is installed second. Through a tee, the boiler is connected through the supply pipe to the pipe from the solid fuel boiler and then connected to the hydraulic needle. Shut-off valves are not installed on the switch. On the second boiler, a pre-set safety valve is installed on the supply. A closed expansion tank is installed from the hydraulic needle on the return pipeline to the tee. Then, through a tee on the pipe, it is connected first to a gas boiler with the installation of a circulation pump of lower power than that of the first boiler. A valve without a servo drive is installed after the pump. Next, a solid fuel boiler is connected from the tee on the return pipeline. The use of a manifold after a hydraulic switch allows you to assemble several heating circuits with pump groups on each of them. Collectors make it possible to configure each circuit individually according to the loads on heating devices.
3. Another method of parallel connection of boilers is when a solid fuel heating unit is installed first, a gas heating unit is installed second, and between them a check valve is installed on the supply pipeline, operating in the direction from the first heating unit. A bypass is installed in front of the check valve, connected to a three-way thermostatic valve set to a temperature of 55°C. Between the thermostatic valve and the boiler, a circulation pump of greater power than in a gas pump is installed on the return pipeline. The gas boiler is connected through a tee on the supply pipeline with a solid fuel boiler and then the supply pipeline goes to the radiators. The return pipeline from the radiators is first connected through a tee to the gas boiler. After the tee, it is necessary to install a spring check valve at the boiler. When both boilers are operating simultaneously, you need to adjust the temperature regime on the boilers. The gas boiler is adjusted to a temperature of 45°C. The solid fuel boiler is adjusted to a temperature of 75-80°C. Solid fuel will have priority. As the fuel burns and the temperature in the first boiler drops, the gas boiler will turn on automatically and maintain the set temperature in the house.
4. Use of buffer capacity. The heat accumulator is a large steel thermally insulated container, the task of which is to retain the heated coolant from the boiler. The maximum load occurs during fuel combustion in a solid fuel boiler. For efficient work In heating systems, the heat accumulator performs one of the main tasks. But there are big disadvantages in this scheme. In order to heat the radiators to desired temperature takes from 2 to 4 hours. This is where the gas boiler plays its role main role. Let's look at the installation diagram. Solid fuel boiler is tied up traditional way. A safety group is installed on the supply pipeline in front of the bypass. Then a bypass is installed through the tee. Next, the supply pipeline is connected to the storage tank. The bypass is connected to the return pipe through a thermostatic three-way valve set at 55°C. Then, a circulation pump is installed, running towards the boiler, and then the pipeline is connected to the boiler. A working circuit is created, and the coolant in the heat accumulator begins to gradually heat up. From the storage tank the supply pipeline goes to heating devices. A three-way valve is installed on it, going to the bypass. From the other outlet of the three-way valve, a circulation pump is mounted on the supply pipe.
   

After the pump, a check petal valve is installed, operating towards the radiators. Next, the supply from the gas boiler with the supply from the battery is connected through a tee. After completing this work, the direct pipeline is connected to the heating system distribution. From the heating system, the return pipeline is connected through a tee to a gas boiler with the obligatory installation of a spring check valve, working towards the gas boiler. A closed expansion tank is inserted in front of the tee to protect the heating system. After the tee, through which the gas boiler is connected via the return, the return pipeline goes to the heat accumulator and is connected to the bypass from the supply pipeline also through the tee. After connecting to the bypass line, the return pipeline is connected to the storage tank. This scheme allows you to quickly heat up the heating system. Further work The system is designed to prioritize the operation of a solid fuel boiler.

On the open resource tab, we will try to find and determine for the desired apartment the necessary system nodes. Heating installation includes a boiler, collectors, expansion tank, air vents, batteries, thermostats, fasteners, pressure-increasing pumps, connection system, pipes. The cottage heating system includes certain devices. All installation elements are very important. Therefore, it is important to make the choice of each installation element technically competently.

Piping a boiler room with two boilers

Answer

As a heating device, you can use a mounted or floor-mounted double-circuit or single-circuit gas boiler or electric boiler.

Water is used as a coolant.

The specifications for the circuits take into account only the main equipment and materials. The length of the supply pipelines, the number, types and brands of connectors, the arrangement of movable and fixed supports are determined at the stage of linking the scheme to specific construction conditions.

Low-volume systems are not made atmospherically open and gravity-flowing, so they can only work with forced circulation, i.e. with installation of a circulation pump. For trouble-free operation of the pump, a strainer is installed in front of it, according to the circulation diagram. To compensate for the expansion of the coolant, a membrane expansion tank is installed on the system, with a volume equal to 10% of the total volume of all liquid in the system.

In case it does not require cooking hot water, the circuit is assembled without installing a boiler (see diagram No. 2).

The underfloor heating system is assembled with mandatory temperature control of the coolant (thermal mixers or three-way taps), the temperature of which should not exceed 55*C ( sanitary standards for residential premises).

At the outlet of the boiler, a safety group must be installed that provides protection of the boiler from water hammer, overpressure, and has an automatic air valve, thermometer and pressure gauge. Hydraulic separator duplicated by the security group. Feeding the heating system to a gravity-fed, atmospherically open heating system (see diagram No. 5) is a prerequisite - compliance with the diameters of the pipelines specified by the boiler manufacturers. Pipelines in a gravity system are made with slopes to create coolant circulation through the heating system.