Silicate glue is used in various fields. It is difficult to do without it in construction; the material is useful for waterproofing. In addition, it is used in the production of acid-resistant, heat-resistant and water-resistant concrete.
The use of silicate adhesive as an addition to building materials can increase their strength, weather resistance, durability and fire resistance. Silicate glue (potassium glue is used for impregnation of fabrics and wooden products, which allows them to be given greater density and fire resistance.
The product can be used as protection for wounds or pruning trees. It is used to prime brick, wood, concrete, plastered surfaces, as well as containers. Silicate glue is useful for gluing products made of paper, wood, glass, cardboard, leather, fabric and porcelain. In addition, you can glue it to any surface of linoleum and facing tiles.
Silicate glue can be used both as an independent product and in combination with various materials. It can be used as a cleaning and detergent. The adhesive composition is used in the paper, textile, chemical, fat and soap industries. It is an excellent environmentally friendly antiseptic and prevents the formation of fungi, rot and mold.
Before use, the assembly adhesive should be mixed; it is recommended to prepare a brush, roller and brush for work. Before application, the surface must be cleaned of various contaminants, wooden materials It's better to clean it with sandpaper. During operation, silicate glue is applied to the surfaces to be joined, which are then pressed against each other.
When using a primer for surface treatment, liquid glass is mixed in the same ratio. To create waterproofing concrete wells their walls are treated with silicate glue and then covered with a solution prepared from liquid glass, sand and cement (in equal proportions).
To make waterproof plaster, mix sand and cement (2.5 to 1) with a 15 percent solution of silicate glue. The same composition is used for repairing and laying the outer parts of furnaces, chimneys and fireplaces.
For waterproofing basements, ceilings, floors, walls, pool installations, take silicate glue and combine it with 10 parts of concrete mortar.
For normal gluing work adhesive material take at the rate of 200 - 400 grams per 1 square meter.
To clean dishes, frying pans, pots and other items, you need to prepare a solution of liquid glass with water in a ratio of 1 to 25. After this, the dishes should be boiled in this composition.
Silicate glue is also used for repairing aquariums and gluing glass; it is used to impregnate limestone Construction Materials, concrete, wood and cement products, which increases their strength. Glue is used to remove grease and oil stains from clothes.
What is silicate glue: about application and advantages
Silicate glue is an excellent product used in many areas. Any construction site practically cannot do without silicate. The product is suitable for waterproofing work. It is also added to concrete mixtures to impart acid, water and heat resistant qualities. So what is silicate glue: we suggest talking about its use and advantages in the article.
Choosing silicate glue
Historical reference
The chemist Jan Nepomuk von Fuchs was the first to obtain liquid glass through various experiments. A German discovered similar properties of the material in 1818. As it turned out, the required materials exist almost everywhere, and the glass manufacturing technology itself is quite simple.
Polysilicates of potassium, lithium and sodium, or rather, their aqueous alkaline solution - what is it? And this is liquid glass. Silicates must be present for the formula to work. The glue, in fact, is named after its constituent substance. Silicates are common in nature in the form of deposits, and their extraction is not difficult or expensive. The cost of silicate glue itself is not high, but its applicability is very wide.
Liquid glass glue
Extraction. Technologies
The first is firing. Melt a mixture of soda and quartz sand in a special container.
The second is that solutions enriched with sodium, lithium and potassium hydroxide act on silicon-containing raw materials. This technology necessarily provides desired temperature for boiling each of the solutions.
The glue is widely known for its strong bonding properties.
Usage
Silicate is added to many building mixtures, where it provides them with greater strength. The glue also adds resistance to weather conditions and open fire. The mixture is also used to impregnate fabric materials and wood products.
Plant growers use this composition when pruning trees and treating wounds with it.
The glue can be used to prime brick, concrete or wooden surfaces. You can waterproof pools or other objects in contact with water. You can glue paper and glass, fabric, porcelain or leather products. Also used for interior renovation work.
This mixture can be combined with other materials. It can be used as detergent, or a cleanser. Silicate glue is also used in industry, because it is a very good antiseptic, has an antifungal effect and protects against mold or mildew.
- First, mix the assembly adhesive well. Working with glue involves the use of brushes, brushes and rollers;
- First, the surface is cleaned of dust, dirt, and grease. Then it would be a good idea to sand everything down with sandpaper;
- It is applied by applying it to the surface. The parts to be glued are connected to each other;
- If you plan to prime the surface, first apply a tightening mixture of equal parts of cement and liquid glass. If a well is being dug, waterproofing is created by treating the walls of the well with glue. After glue is applied, the surface is treated with a solution of liquid glass, cement and sand;
- If it is necessary to prepare waterproof plaster, take sand and cement in a ratio of 2.5 to 1 and add glue (fifteen percent). In principle, the same recipe is used as a basis when constructing fireplaces, stoves and chimneys.
The mixture is used for aquarium breakdowns, for gluing glass and removing greasy and oily contaminants.
Characteristics
If liquid glass is foamed, it practically stops conducting heat. This is actively used in the production of heat-saving materials. They produce heat insulators based on sodium silicates. Similar products used in industrial devices. To fill the silicate solution, they often take squeezed out sugar cane, reeds or sawdust from trees. Sometimes slag from iron, chromium or quartz sand is used. Thermal insulation properties very high, they are equal to temperature ranges up to 1300 degrees, and can withstand rapid changes from minus to plus.
The metallurgical industry also uses silicate glue; it is mixed with the spray composition of the electrodes used in welding work. Ferrous metallurgy always needs sodium silicate.
The foundry and chemical industries consume the lion's share liquid glass in its production.
The mechanical engineering industry connects various parts often using liquid glass.
By the way, silicate mixture is used in the production of washing powders. In textile production and paper industry silicate is used to add shine and hardness to products.
Fire properties play a significant role in the applicability of silicate glue. When building a house, they use a lot of flammable materials, wood, synthetics and plastic parts. To make the materials more fire-resistant, they are coated with a special substance based on liquid glass.
IN pure form mainly used in various works related to repairs. They protect the lower facades of buildings from the influence of soil and atmospheric waters. Pools, walls, floors and ceilings of basements are treated with glue.
Let's sum it up
A widely used, highly durable product with high bonding properties is silicate glue. It was originally invented for gluing paper and cardboard products. Later they began to add it to concrete and cement solutions to give the solutions greater bonding properties. By mixing glue into the mixture, greater heat resistance and waterproofing properties are also achieved. Mold, rot and various fungi do not grow on surfaces treated with an adhesive solution.
The most significant drawback can be called high alkalinity. It is this property that can lead to injury when using it. But, despite this disadvantage, glue is often used in a wide variety of areas of construction and finishing.
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Execution of a row finishing works requires the use of glue. You can use it to lay tiles and glue wallpaper. Moreover, the composition is sometimes added even to the ingredients of the cement mortar. In order to save on purchasing a factory mixture, you can familiarize yourself with the algorithm for carrying out work on how to make glue at home.
Main types of glue
If we classify adhesives according to the drying method, they are divided into compositions that differ in that they polymerize. Other types of adhesives are non-drying, while others are polymer compounds. The former can be divided into compositions based on silicates, starch, as well as PVA glue and a mixture carpentry purposes.
Types of glue
The most popular today is PVA glue in the form of an emulsion of water and polyvinyl acetate. Plasticizers and other components are added to the ingredients during the process. The mixture has almost no odor, and it is used for gluing different materials. PVA glue can be divided into:
- clerical;
- glue for household use;
- universal composition;
- Super glue;
- PVA dispersion.
As for the household composition, it is intended for gluing paper products; it can also be used as wallpaper glue. This mixture has white or beige shades, which can be frozen and thawed 6 times. WITH office glue everything is clear, but the universal composition allows you to connect not only paper and cardboard, but also wood, glass, and leather products. Superglue is a composition that is frost-resistant. But as for the dispersion, it is an aqueous solution of polymers stabilized by a protective colloid.
Making PVA glue
If you, too, are among those who are thinking about the question of how to make PVA glue, then you should read the instructions. It involves preparing the following materials:
- water;
- photographic gelatin;
- wheat flour;
- glycerin;
- ethyl alcohol.
You will need half a liter of water. As for gelatin, it is needed in a volume of 2.5 g. Glycerin must be prepared in an amount of 2 grams, and wheat flour will need 50 g. Ethyl alcohol goes into the mixture in a volume of up to 10 mg. Wallpaper glue is prepared on the basis of gelatin, which is pre-soaked in water and left for a day, during which time it should swell. Gelatin must be photographic. Once it is ready for use, you need to prepare water bath.
To do this, take a pan of water and place it on the stove. Next you need to find a bowl that will fit into the pan. The first is installed in the second so that the bowl does not come into contact with boiling water. A mixture of gelatin, flour and water is placed in a bowl. This composition should be boiled, and in the end it should turn out thick, and the consistency should resemble sour cream. The composition will need to be stirred constantly, and then the mass is removed from the heat, and then glycerin and alcohol are added to it. This method is accessible to everyone, because the ingredients can be found at home.
If you are thinking about the question of how to make PVA glue, you should know that the mixture should be stirred so that it becomes homogeneous. Once the glue has cooled, it can be considered ready for use. However, before this, the surface is cleaned of dust and dirt. If it is highly porous, then it must be primed. The glue is stirred again before application, and then distributed using a brush or roller. Details at final stage connect with each other. The prepared glue can be used for 6 months at a temperature not lower than +10 °C.
Making glue from flour
If you are faced with the question of what glue is made from, then flour may be the answer to this question. To carry out the work, you should also prepare purified water in a volume of 500 ml. The flour should be rye or wheat, and it is taken in the amount of 3 tablespoons. This glue is great for paper. It also copes with gluing wallpaper.
Preparation will be quite simple and will take no more than half an hour. The composition is also suitable for those cases when, during the process of gluing wallpaper, you suddenly ran out of the appropriate composition. Stores are not always located close, but excellent option will be making glue from flour.
To do this, put the water on the fire until it boils. Flour is diluted separately in a small amount, and then poured into boiling water. The resulting composition should be constantly stirred until you wait for it to boil. Next, the glue is removed from the plate and left until it cools. At this point you can consider it ready for use. Ready mix should look like thick jelly. Some people believe that such paper glue is the best option, because it is easy to use and requires a minimum amount of ingredients.
Use of starch
When making starch-based glue, you should prepare half a liter of water and 3 tablespoons of corn starch. As a container, it is better to use galvanized or enameled dishes, which are placed on the fire along with water until it boils. Starch should be dissolved separately, and then, as in the case of flour, poured into the liquid.
When the glue boils, it can be removed from the heat. The main advantage of this composition is that it is more transparent and leaves no traces. It should be used without reserve, because after a while it will lose its ability. In order to improve the quality of the glue, it is recommended to add about 100 g of PVA glue to it. But if you also add wood glue, the mixture will cope with priming surfaces before gluing wallpaper.
Using old linoleum and acetone
Homemade glue can be made in such a way as to obtain a universal composition that will provide enough high degree adhesion. To create the mixture, you need to prepare the materials. The linoleum is cut into pieces measuring 3 x 3 cm. They are placed in a container that can be hermetically sealed. The amount of acetone used should exceed the volume of linoleum by 2 times.
The ingredients are combined with each other and left in a container, which must be protected from direct contact sun rays within 12 hours. If during this time the linoleum has dissolved, then the glue can be used for its intended purpose. Otherwise, it is left for some more time. Now you know how to make glue at home. The composition based on linoleum and acetone is excellent for the following materials:
- metal;
- porcelain;
- wood;
- leather.
Making paper glue
If you are thinking about how to make glue at home, then you can consider the technology for making a composition for paper. If you love origami or often make appliqués, then this glue recipe is perfect for you. It is also good because it can be used for gluing wooden pieces.
It is based on dextrin, which can be prepared at home. To do this, take a few tablespoons of starch, put them in a heat-resistant bowl and start heating in the oven. When the temperature reaches 150 °C, the composition is left for 90 minutes. For the mixture, prepare 3 tablespoons of dextrin, one spoon of glycerin and 5 tablespoons of water. At the first stage, water and dextrin are mixed. The mixture is heated until the dextrin dissolves. The composition is constantly mixed. At the final stage, glycerin is added. After cooling, the glue can be considered ready for use.
Making Titan glue
Before you make glue at home, you must decide how you will use it. For example, for the Titan composition you will need Chemical substance- vinyl acetate copolymer. The problem may be that it is very difficult to obtain, so home cooking not always possible.
Such glue industrial production It has a transparent consistency and frost resistance quality. In addition, it perfectly withstands the effects of temperature and water. It can be used for ceiling tiles, and this mixture is very convenient to use.
Making wood glue
Wood glue is quite common; you can also do it yourself. The process is not complicated, and in the end you will get a composition that is suitable for gluing wooden parts. However, it has its downsides. They are expressed in a short shelf life and the presence of a pungent odor.
During the cooking process, it is best to make a mass that can be used for some time. It will turn out hard and must be cut into pieces before use, which are boiled to further application. For wood glue you need to take standard glue carpentry purpose and cut it, leaving it in water. It should swell and the mass becomes soft. Next, take a tin can and pour the liquid into it.
The container is placed in a water bath, and the mixture is constantly stirred until the glue becomes liquid. For 360 g of dry composition you should take 475 g of vodka. The components are combined, and then powdered alum is added in a volume of 100 g. This glue is characterized by excellent strength and high water-repellent characteristics.
Alternative options for making wood glue
If you are faced with the question of how to make glue, you need to consider the recipe. As for the joinery composition, it can be made using one of the technologies known today. The first involves diluting solid glue and purified water, which are placed in metal container. They are taken in the same quantity. As soon as the mixture becomes thick, it should be ground in a mortar.
The composition is poured into a plate and then left until it thickens. The mass is cut into separate pieces and used in portions. For 350 g of glue you will need 360 g of water and 180 g of vodka. Bring the ingredients to a boil, and the glue should be used after it has cooled.
Another method of preparing glue involves using a water bath. For 0.5 liters of water you should take 0.5 kg of glue and half a spoon of vinegar. The composition is boiled until the glue dissolves, then vodka is added in a volume of 0.5 liters. Another method of preparing wood glue involves using 250 g of glue and the same amount of water. The mixture is brought to a thickness, and at the end of cooking you need to add the same volume of glycerin. The water should evaporate, after which the glue is laid out in forms and used if necessary. Before starting work with the composition, you should dilute it with water using a 1 to 1 ratio.
Making hot glue
If you are wondering how to do hot glue, then you must follow the instructions below. It involves using 100 g of wood glue and drying oil in a volume of 35 g. The glue is placed in a glass and cooked over low heat until it becomes liquid. Drying oil is added to it, and then the mixture is stirred well. The glue is heated before use and perfectly bonds wooden surfaces. It can also be used when laying facing tiles. The mixture is not afraid of hot and cold water.
Features of making silicate glue
Some craftsmen are wondering how to make silicate glue. At home, this can seem quite problematic. The composition is almost identical to another glass mixture - potassium or sodium silicate. Glue can be made by combining these compounds with another substance called quartz sand. The temperature when combining ingredients must be constant. Sometimes builders make silicate glue themselves. In this case, you should use soda. It is melted with an admixture of sand.
Making adhesive for laying tiles
If you decide to use tiles to decorate the surfaces of one of the rooms in your home, then you need to prepare glue for it. When deciding how to make office glue, you need to take the following ingredients:
- PVA glue;
- water;
- sand;
- cement.
Sand is a filler, its fraction should not be large, maximum diameter elements does not exceed 2 mm. Sand and cement are taken in a ratio of 3 to 1. Tile adhesive hardens quite quickly, so it must be prepared immediately before laying the finish. The solution can be used for another 3 hours.
To carry out the adhesive work, sand and cement should be mixed. Water is added to the resulting mixture, and before that, PVA glue. If the cladding will be carried out in a room with high humidity, for example, in a bathroom, then the volume of glue can be increased.
Conclusion
Glue may be needed when gluing work ceramic tiles or wallpaper. Such compositions are presented in abundance on the shelves of hardware stores. But if you want to save money, you can prepare this mixture yourself. This allows you to solve the problem when the glue suddenly runs out and helps you save money.
IN modern construction Silicate glue, in other words, liquid glass, is used quite actively. Essentially, it is a mineral compound that, in addition to construction industry, is widely used in the national economy and everyday life for gluing materials of various types. In this article we will try to tell you in as much detail as possible about what “liquid glass” office glue is, and we will describe the features of its production and use.
How is liquid glass made?
Stationery glue was first made in Germany in 1818 by the chemist and mineralogist von Fuchs. At the moment, this material is produced using a variety of technologies.
The most common ones are:
- Tripods, diatomites, opoka or other types of siliceous raw materials are placed in special alkaline solutions, where they dissolve at normal pressure and relatively low temperatures.
- Compounds containing silicon are treated with concentrated sodium hydroxide. This procedure is performed in a special autoclave.
- Quartz sand and soda are fused for construction work.
Silicate glue (liquid glass) is sold in the form of a ready-to-use solution or in dry form, reminiscent of a powder that must be diluted with water in certain proportions. Each composition is accompanied by instructions that clearly describe how and in what proportions to dilute it:
- In everyday life, of course, it is better to use an already prepared solution.
- Industrial, construction companies Most often this product is ordered in dry form.
Important! The main indicator chemical composition This glue is a silicate module, the value of which indicates the release of silica into solution. In addition, this module describes the ratio of sodium or potassium oxide to silicon oxide contained in silicate glue. But keep in mind that the quality of glass is not determined by this indicator.
Glass is dried at natural and elevated temperatures. As a rule, manufacturers, to speed up this process, finished products dried at 375 degrees. The glue dissolves completely in water, leaving no sediment or particles. If ketones, salt compounds, aldehydes, ammonia, and alcohol-containing substances are added to the solution, a salting-out effect can be observed.
Important! This material is not compatible with organic compounds, the only exception is sugar, alcohol, urea.
Main characteristics of office glue
Solutions of this liquid compound include various high-dimensional forms, the simplest orthosilicates from the category of monomers. Key Features This composition can be called the following.
Polymerization
The level of polymerization of silicate glue does not have a constant value; it constantly changes under the influence of fluctuations in the ratio of silicic acid and alkali. In addition, this indicator depends on the concentration characterizing the main substance.
Viscose
This is the most important indicator of the quality of liquid glass. This value decreases with increasing temperature, precisely at the level at which the material is manufactured. As the concentration of the solution increases, its viscosity increases. The value of this quantity is determined using special device- viscometer.
Important! It can also increase if you add highly soluble salt to the glass.
Density
This indicator is measured with an ordinary aerometer. It indicates the real density of the composition as reliably as possible, even if too little glue is submitted for analysis. This value is measured with fluctuations, even the most insignificant, in the ratio of the silicic acid and alkaline components of the glass.
Cooking point
The astringent properties of the glue directly depend on it, that is, the liquefaction temperature, varying from 760 to 870 degrees.
pH value
It is impossible to significantly change this indicator. If you add 10-100 parts of water to the composition, the pH level will change by no more than one unit, that is, it will become equal to 10-12. The glue hardens at temperatures from minus 2 to plus 10 degrees. It returns to its original state when diluted, but its properties remain unchanged.
Important! Store office glue (liquid glass) at negative temperatures should not be used, otherwise crystals may form on its surface. Even after heating they do not disappear.
Application of liquid glass
The largest consumers of this material are construction companies. It is most often used in concrete:
- Despite the fact that it is characterized by a low price, it can significantly improve quality, operational properties concrete, guarantee the solution a high level of waterproofing.
- The material has high antibacterial properties. Thanks to this, the concrete with which it is mixed never becomes covered with fungus or mold. All modern swimming pools, designs that operate at high humidity, concreted with compositions containing silicate glue.
Important! Glass hardens quite quickly, so it’s better not to risk it, don’t mix it with concrete mortar before the start of work.
When combating building subsidence, liquid glass is pumped directly into the ground under the base of the building. This happens in two ways:
- One-step method. The mixture is formed from liquid glass and a special hardener, then it is supplied directly under the building.
- Sequential method. First the glass is pumped in, only then the hardener.
Other options:
- Impregnation of wood and plaster with liquid glass is very common in construction.
- They dilute it silicate paint providing excellent corrosion protection metal products within 25-30 years.
- Silicate glue is part of modern chipboards. This impregnation makes any wooden product durable, resistant to compression.
Areas of use of silicate glue
Impregnation of concrete and plastered surfaces with a silicate solution guarantees an excellent antiseptic effect. Any coating becomes more resistant to aggressive influences external factors — high humidity and flue gases. Now it’s clear why “liquid glass” glue is so popular in many areas. The use of this composition gives coatings treated with it additional properties:
- High level of hardness.
- Abrasion resistance.
- The ability to plug various cracks and irregularities that appear in plaster or concrete.
Among other things, liquid glass is used in production.
Silicate glue is a substance of “mineral” origin, which consists of an aqueous solution of sodium polysilicates (in some cases, potassium can also be used).
It has found its active use when performing various types of work related to gluing paper or cardboard products. However, it is important to take into account the fact that over time, the resulting adhesive seam will change in color and also become more fragile, as a result of which silicate glue for processing paper is used only in home use. In some cases, this substance can be used as one of the main components adhesive compositions or putties intended for wood processing work. However, during its use, it is important to remember that if in a closed jar it remains stable and does not lose its consumer characteristics, then outdoors It deteriorates and hardens quite quickly.
In addition, silicate glue has a highly alkaline reaction, which means it must be used as carefully as possible, avoiding contact with the eyes, due to the high probability of painful burns.
Use of silicate glue in industry and at home
This compound has become widespread in many areas of human activity. It is used in office work and in the construction industry, as it is an inexpensive and highly durable material that allows the construction of basic building structures. Often silicate glue or so-called liquid glass, is used during the production of various building panels and a wide variety of light ceramics.
Thanks to high level fire safety, this material is actively used as one of the main components of impregnations and additives. Mixtures containing liquid glass are actively used in the production of materials such as plaster, putty and many others that can give the treated surfaces excellent anti-corrosion properties. In addition, such compositions can protect waterproofing floors, basements and wells from exposure to high temperature air environment. And when adding silicate glue to cement mortar, it allows you to achieve excellent strength and insulation characteristics.
The characteristics of liquid glass, so popular in the construction industry, have made it indispensable during production. paint and varnish compositions, which are especially actively used for arranging rooms with high traffic volumes, theater curtains, etc. The unique binding properties of this material have made it indispensable in many other sectors of human economics, so it is often used to connect glass or metal products, both in domestic life and in production conditions.
It is on the basis of liquid glass that today the production of office silicate glue is established. As for chemical industry, then here this material is actively used during the manufacture of silica gel, sodium metasilicate, lead silicate, etc.