Siberian cedar is beautiful ornamental plant, widely used in landscape design. It grows mainly in taiga regions - cedar forests occupy 10% of the territory of our country and are a complex and at the same time highly productive ecosystem.
In addition to their beauty and majesty, cedars are also valuable from the point of view of most industries. The wood of this species is considered valuable; the nuts have a high taste and healing properties, and growing this plant in the middle climate zone is considered exotic.
1 Features of cultivation
Siberian cedar is also popular among summer residents - many of them practice growing this coniferous species on their own plots.
The maximum genetic diversity of pine trees is typical for the Altai Mountains. Grown from selected seeds pine nuts cedar seedlings from this region are considered the most valuable. They go on sale mainly with a closed root system and adapt quite well when transplanted into open ground with similar biological characteristics.
A cedar seedling develops relatively quickly - at the age of 2 years its height reaches 20-25 cm, intensive crown formation begins in the 3rd year of life. At this time, the formation of root system– its length can reach 50 cm or more by the age of 2, which is why we recommend timely replanting of plants into larger containers.
You can plant cedar in open ground from 2-4 years of age. The fruiting period also begins quite early, taking into account the specifics of development coniferous species– the first nut can be obtained already at 8-10 years of plant life. The growth of the tree by this time with normal development is 1.2-2 m.
The peak beauty and productivity of Siberian cedar seedlings occurs at 30 years of age. To increase productivity, it is recommended to plant 2-3 plants - this will stimulate the process of cross-pollination and increase the number of ovaries.
Many gardeners wonder how to grow cedar? The easiest option is in a specialized nursery, but growing from seeds is also possible.
1.1 Growing from seeds
1.2 Planting seedlings
There is such a simple way to cultivate cedar, how to grow it from a ready-made seedling. Give preference to plants in containers or those sold with a large ball of soil to protect the root system. Specimens with withered needles and exposed roots are subject to rejection.
Preparation for landing:
- the optimal age of a plant for replanting is 2-3 years; depending on the variety, tree growth can be 30-300 cm;
- the radius of digging the area for planting cedar is 3 m; if you plan to plant several seedlings at once, the distance between them should be 4-6 m, depending on the variety;
- the planting hole should exceed the size of the earthen ball by 30-50%;
- Clay and loamy soils are considered optimal for planting, otherwise the bottom of the planting hole must be filled with a clay-peat mixture (2:1), and the same mixture must be mixed into the soil to fill the hole;
- as additional support for the tree, use a peg, which should be buried in the hole along with the seedling;
- For 2 weeks, water the plant moderately once every 2 or 3 days.
1.3 How to grow cedar seedlings? (video)
1.4 Care
Cedar is absolutely unpretentious in care. Once a season it should be fed with a mixture mineral fertilizers based on nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Watering during active growth should be moderate, with the exception of periods of drought. In winter, the soil around the trunk must be mulched with a thick layer of sawdust or peat.
2 Popular varieties
If you plan to plant cedar on a summer cottage in the middle climate zone, we recommend using suitable, zoned varieties, the survival rates of which are several times higher than those of many ornamental varieties.
2.1 President
Ideal for creating landscape design. It has excellent decorative qualities and the yield is relatively low. The tree grows up to 3 m high and is characterized by a lush, spreading crown with a uniform fluffy covering.
2.2 Record holder
Beautiful and productive dwarf variety, suitable for growing in a summer cottage. The height of an adult tree rarely exceeds 3.5 m. It actively bears fruit from the age of 10-11 - the cones are small, the ovary is abundant, the nuts have excellent taste and nutritional qualities.
Cedar seedlings "Recordist"
"2.3 Narcissist
A low-growing plant for purely decorative purposes. Mature tree It is only 1 m high and has a spreading fluffy crown. The cones are large and beautiful, but the seeds are inedible.
Cedar besides decorative qualities It is also famous for its medicinal properties. The essential oil contained in pine needles effectively disinfects the air. The resinous, tart aroma, which appears mainly on hot days and at dusk, has a calming effect and has a positive effect on the respiratory system. Phytoncides of this plant are used in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases. IN folk medicine A decoction of cedar needles is used to treat cardiovascular and skin diseases, as a general tonic in the treatment of injuries and during the rehabilitation period after operations.
Our grandmothers, growing garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, did not particularly worry about mulching. But today this agricultural technique has become fundamental in achieving high quality berries and reducing crop losses. Some might say it's a hassle. But practice shows that labor costs in this case pay off handsomely. In this article we invite you to get acquainted with the nine the best materials for mulching garden strawberries.
Succulents are very diverse. Despite the fact that “little ones” have always been considered more fashionable, the range of succulents with which you can decorate modern interior, it’s worth taking a closer look. After all, colors, sizes, patterns, degree of prickliness, impact on the interior are just a few of the parameters by which you can choose them. In this article we will tell you about the five most fashionable succulents that amazingly transform modern interiors.
The Egyptians used mint as early as 1.5 thousand years BC. She's different strong aroma due to the high content of various essential oils that are highly volatile. Today, mint is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetology, winemaking, cooking, ornamental gardening, and the confectionery industry. In this article we will look at the most interesting varieties of mint, and also talk about the features of growing this plant in open ground.
People began growing crocuses 500 years before our era. Although the presence of these flowers in the garden is fleeting, we always look forward to the return of the harbingers of spring next year. Crocuses are one of the earliest primroses, whose flowering begins as soon as the snow melts. However, flowering times may vary depending on the species and varieties. This article is dedicated to the earliest varieties of crocuses, which bloom in late March and early April.
Cabbage soup made from early young cabbage in beef broth is hearty, aromatic and easy to prepare. In this recipe you will learn how to cook delicious beef broth and cook light cabbage soup with this broth. Early cabbage It cooks quickly, so it is placed in the pan at the same time as other vegetables, unlike autumn cabbage, which takes a little longer to cook. Ready cabbage soup can be stored in the refrigerator for several days. Real cabbage soup turns out tastier than freshly prepared cabbage soup.
Looking at the variety of tomato varieties, it’s hard not to get confused - the choice is very wide today. Even experienced gardeners He's annoying sometimes! However, understanding the basics of selecting varieties “for yourself” is not so difficult. The main thing is to delve into the peculiarities of the culture and start experimenting. One of the easiest groups of tomatoes to grow are varieties and hybrids with limited growth. They have always been valued by those gardeners who do not have much energy and time to care for their beds.
Once very popular under the name of indoor nettle, and then forgotten by everyone, coleus today is one of the brightest garden and indoor plants. It is not for nothing that they are considered stars of the first magnitude for those who are primarily looking for non-standard colors. Easy to grow, but not so undemanding as to suit everyone, coleus require constant supervision. But if you take care of them, bushes made of velvety unique leaves will easily outshine any competitor.
Salmon backbone baked in Provençal herbs is a “supplier” of delicious pieces of fish pulp for light salad with fresh wild garlic leaves. The champignons are lightly fried in olive oil and then sprinkle with apple cider vinegar. These mushrooms are tastier than regular pickled ones, and they are better suited for baked fish. Wild garlic and fresh dill get along well in one salad, highlighting each other’s aroma. The garlicky pungency of wild garlic will permeate both the salmon flesh and mushroom pieces.
A coniferous tree or shrub on a site is always great, but a lot of conifers is even better. Emerald needles various shades decorates the garden at any time of the year, and phytoncides and essential oils, released by plants, not only aromatize, but also make the air cleaner. As a rule, most zoned adults coniferous plants, are considered very unpretentious trees and shrubs. But young seedlings are much more capricious and require proper care and attention.
Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics in the canopy flowering trees have long been an integral attribute meeting spring in the Land of the Rising Sun. Financial and academic year here it starts on April 1, when the magnificent cherry blossoms bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese take place under the sign of their flowering. But sakura also grows well in cooler regions - certain species can be successfully grown even in Siberia.
I am very interested in analyzing how people's tastes and preferences for certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and was an item of trade, lost its value over time and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince has been cultivated for more than 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century B.C. e. About 6 varieties of quince were known, and even then methods of its propagation and cultivation were described.
Delight your family and prepare themed cottage cheese cookies in the shape of Easter eggs! Your children will be happy to take part in the process - sift the flour, combine all the necessary ingredients, knead the dough and cut out intricate figures. Then they will watch with admiration as pieces of dough turn into real Easter eggs, and then with the same enthusiasm they will eat them with milk or tea. How to make such original cookies for Easter, read our step by step recipe!
Among tuberous crops, there are not so many decorative deciduous favorites. And caladium is a true star among the variegated inhabitants of interiors. Not everyone can decide to own a caladium. This plant is demanding, and first of all, it requires care. But still, rumors about the extraordinary capriciousness of caladiums are never justified. Attention and care can avoid any difficulties when growing caladiums. And the plant can almost always forgive small mistakes.
We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply easy-to-prepare dish for you today. This sauce is one hundred percent universal, as it goes with every side dish: vegetables, pasta, or anything. Chicken and mushroom gravy will save you in moments when you don’t have time or don’t want to think too much about what to cook. Take your favorite side dish (you can do this in advance so everything is hot), add some gravy and dinner is ready! A real lifesaver.
Among the many different varieties We will tell you about three of these most popular vegetables, which are distinguished by their excellent taste and relatively unpretentious growing conditions. Characteristics of the eggplant varieties “Almaz”, “Black Beauty” and “Valentina”. All eggplants have pulp medium density. In Almaz it is greenish, while in the other two it is yellowish-white. They are united by good germination and excellent yield, but in different time. Everyone's skin color and shape are different.
Siberian cedar is a monoecious tree; in the upper, most illuminated part of the crown there are female ovules, below - male strobili. The cedar "blooms" in June. The female “bumps” of raspberry-violet color are hidden in the needles near the apical bud of the shoot. Male “flowers”, orange-crimson in color, are collected in large “inflorescences” at the base of the shoots. After 3-5 days they turn brown and fall off. Pollen is carried by the wind. After pollination, the female cones close, become green-brown, grow to 2-3 cm and until spring next year they are called "winter". Fertilization and seed formation occurs from the end of August and throughout
September. To ensure cross-pollination, it is advisable to have a group of cedars (3 or more). To increase the reliability of pollination of female “flowers” in young cedars, you can carry out artificial pollination: shake off the pollen of male “flowers” onto paper, place it in a jar and store it in the refrigerator for several days. As the female “flowers” open, apply pollen to them with a soft brush or gently blow them off a sheet of paper.
Siberian cedar is propagated mainly by seed method, less often - vegetative (grafting, rooting of cuttings).
Sowing Siberian cedar.
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at least 3 months in the cold, following the following procedure. The seeds are soaked for 3 days, changing the water daily. During this period, benign seeds swell and sink to the bottom of the vessel. Empty and poor-quality seeds remain on the surface and are removed. Benign seeds are pickled in an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate. Then I mix the cedar seeds
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several layers of loose fabric. It is important that the seeds are moist throughout the entire period in the cold. They retain moisture well under snow; they need to be moistened periodically in the refrigerator. Seeds in bags can be placed in plastic bags without closing them tightly. Before sowing, the seeds are separated from the substrate, again pickled in a strong solution of potassium permanganate (up to 24 hours) and dried for sowing. It is better to plant cedar seeds in 
greenhouse or greenhouse on a loose peat-soil substrate. Here the crops are reliably protected from damage by birds. In comfortable conditions, seed germination increases, seedlings grow 1.5-2 times faster than in open ground. Before sowing, it is advisable to add 1 g of superphosphate to the bottom of the sowing furrows per 1 meter, potash fertilizers- 0.5 g or wood ash- 2 g mixed with 20 g of peat. The distance between sowing lines is 15-20 cm. The seeding rate is 30 g (125-150 seeds) per 1 meter. The depth of planting seeds into the soil is 3 cm. The surface of the crops is covered with a 0.5-1 cm layer of loose mulch (peat, sawdust or other covering material). During the season it is necessary to weed and loosen the soil 3-4 times. Before mass shoots appear (10 - 12 days), watering is required. Subsequently, the seedlings develop a fairly deep root system.Caring for Siberian cedar:
When tender, still immature shoots just emerge from the soil, birds (mostly crows) immediately peck them off. Therefore, plants have to be grown under plastic film. Care consists of timely watering, loosening the surface of the substrate two or three times, and removing weeds.
In case of thickened crops, the seedlings are thinned out. As soon as the sprouts appear in the form of a bent knee, they are dug up, sorted, the roots are trimmed and planted under a peg on the ridges on the same 270" height="42" bgcolor="white" style="border:.75pt solid white; vertical-align:top;background:white"> Curved shoots |
A common property of all cedar pines is their increased love for moisture. With significant moisture, tree-like cedar pines form mixed with fir or spruce
plantings, and in conditions of excess moisture supply they are inferior in competition to fir. In regions with unstable moisture regimes, Siberian cedar grows in a mixture with Scots pine on soils that are lighter in mechanical composition or even under its canopy, as well as with Siberian larch (on especially cold soils), and Korean cedar grows as part of broad-leaved forests. With increasing dry air and continental climate, Siberian cedar gives way to larch and spruce, and Korean cedar to Sayan spruce and larch.
Elf cedar forms clean thickets in most of its range. As a rule, it grows in the subalpine belt. In cold areas Sea of Okhotsk and the Eastern Baikal region reaches the coast. IN better conditions growing, it forms the lower tier in larch and dark coniferous forests.
Cedar pines differ significantly from each other in cold resistance, as well as in optimal temperatures, required for vegetation. It's connected with different mode thermal conditions within the range of each species to which they adapted in the process of long evolution. European cedar grows in relatively mild conditions continental climate with small negative temperatures air in winter period(-8.8 C).
Korean cedar grows in continental climates with low temperatures air in winter and high air in summer. Siberian cedar is characterized by higher cold resistance. However, Siberian pine does not tolerate cold soils; its northern and eastern borders coincide with the southwestern border of the distribution of permafrost soils.
Signs | Siberian cedar | European cedar | Korean cedar | Cedar elfin wood |
Height, m | ||||
Diameter, cm | ||||
Durability, years | ||||
Needle length, cm | ||||
Needle width, mm | ||||
Durability of needles, years | ||||
Beginning of fruiting: | ||||
Flowering time: | 5-25/VI | 15-30/VI | 9-30/VI | 15-30/VII |
Cone fall: | VIII-X (V) | IX-X (V) | VIII-XI (V) |
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Length of cones, cm | ||||
Width of cones, cm | ||||
Number of seeds in a cone, pcs. | ||||
Weight of 1000 seeds, g | ||||
Seed length, mm | ||||
Seed width, mm | ||||
Shell thickness, mm | ||||
3.4 Technologies for growing seedlings and saplings of Siberian pine in the nursery of the educational and experimental section of the school
Schedule
agrotechnical work on growing Siberian cedar seedlings at the nursery of the educational and experimental site of the school, autumn 2004. – spring 2007
Agrotechnical measures | Expected results |
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Preparing the soil for sowing seeds | Digging the soil twice to remove weeds |
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Formation of ridges | Promotes better aeration |
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Sowing cedar seeds in a wide row with a seeding depth of 3-4 cm. | Seeding rate 200-250g per 1-2 m² cedar is not afraid of thickened crops |
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After mulching the seeds with sawdust and humus, the crops were covered with spruce branches | Protect from damage by rodents or birds, as well as excessive freezing of the soil |
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Trampling snow on ridges | ||
Liberation of ridges from spruce branches | Ensure freedom for seed germination |
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Shelter of ridges acrylic materials | To protect seedlings from eating birds |
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Appearance of the first shoots | ||
The appearance of friendly shoots | Soil germination of seeds is 81% |
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Application of mineral fertilizers | Improved growth |
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Watering and loosening | Dry watering of the soil |
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Application organic fertilizers | Improving seed growth and development |
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Watering seedlings | Seed protection from seedlings |
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Weeding and loosening | Dry watering of the soil |
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Transplanting seedlings into a “school” |
In the “school”, rows of seedlings were placed at a distance of 20-25 cm from each other, and seedlings in the rows were placed at intervals of 10-15 cm. To plant seedlings, you can press holes in the soil with a special stake or the handle of a shovel, 15-20 cm deep. In order to facilitate the entry of the root system of seedlings into a narrow hole, you can dip the roots in liquid clay before planting (this is especially useful when transplanting annual seedlings with very thin roots). It is necessary to ensure that the depth of planting seedlings in the “school” is approximately the same as in the original bed: deep planting slows down growth, and if planted too shallow, the seedlings will simply fall. As with the seed bed, keep the beds free of weeds. Not so for the school department. Drying out is scary, like sowing, but still, in severe drought, try to provide watering (especially if drought occurs soon after transplanting the seedlings into the “school”).
Large and suitable for landing on permanent place seedlings are generally obtained two years after planting the seedlings in the “school”. However, some of the largest seedlings can be selected for transplantation to a permanent place within a year. This is especially true for larch, which tolerates transplantation more easily than others, and when good care can grow very quickly.
Schedule
agrotechnical work on growing seedlings (winter 2005 – autumn 2007)
date | Agrotechnical measures | Expected Result |
January March | Seed stratification - placing seeds in a moist, cold environment until the seeds hatch. Soaking the seeds | Benign seeds swell and sink to the bottom. Floating seeds are removed. |
Dressing of benign seeds in an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate | Reduce morbidity. |
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Mixing seeds with a moist substrate (sand, sawdust in a ratio of 1:2 and placing them in the cold, under snow in bags made of loose fabric) | ||
Separating seeds from substrate | ||
Repeated dressing of seeds in a strong solution of potassium permanganate. Drying the seeds | Reduce morbidity |
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Spring soil breaking. Preparation of beds | Promotes better aeration |
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Sowing seeds. At the bottom of the sowing furrows before sowing, apply fertilizers per 1 m2: Superphosphate – 1 g Potassium fertilizers – 0.5 g or ash - 2 g., mixed with 20 g. Peat. Sowing rate 30g. (125-150 seeds) per meter. The depth of planting seeds into the soil is 3 cm. The surface of the crops is covered with 1 cm of loose mulch. (peat, sawdust) Covering beds with film | Helps conserve moisture and warms the soil, which will speed up seed germination. |
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Watering the beds Weeding between rows Watering the beds | Moisture access Moisture access |
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Removing film cover, protecting plantings from birds | ||
Treatment of seedlings against a disease caused by the fungus "Fusarium" Signs: the stems of the seedlings turn red, a constriction forms, they fall and dry out. Control measures: for 1 week, seedlings are treated with a 0.4% solution of potassium permanganate 1-3 times with a solution consumption of up to 10 liters per 1 m2. | ||
2006 – 2007 | Agrotechnical work was also carried out with seedlings |
Analyzing practical material and practical work performed, taking into account agrotechnical techniques for growing Siberian pine, we can conclude that this crop is responsive to the application of mineral and organic fertilizers, watering, and loosening.
Mastering skills and abilities, describing the characteristics of Siberian cedar, mastering practical skills different technologies growing this crop, it would be unfair not to name the forest among the educators and our few patrons. Doing this work, we learned: caution, observation, hard work.
We grew up in the forest, and none of the elements of our native nature affected the way of life of our ancestors to such an extent.
Exists wise saying about the moral and educational role of the forest: “Caring enemies managed to find hundreds of healing remedies against all the sufferings of the body. Nature is wiser than they (enemies), she managed to convey to the forest a remedy for all the suffering of the soul.”
ΙΙΙ. Conclusion.
While carrying out this work, we learned that WWF Russia announced 2007 Far East Year of the cedar. This tree is a symbol of the Ussuri taiga along with the tiger and leopard. From time immemorial, people have valued cedar and called it a breadwinner and healer. Cedar is a “bread” tree for animals and humans, which cannot be measured in cubic meters alone.
Despite the fact that Siberian cedar is not a constituent species of Kaluga forests, while carrying out practical work, we can say that in the conditions of the Kaluga region this crop can be climatized.
By participating in different types practical work, we are drawing attention to the problem of preserving the species diversity of the forests of our Lesser Motherland, increasing our level of environmental culture by intensifying environmental actions at the forestry nursery and at natural sites.
We hope that Siberian pine seedlings grown in the mini-nursery of the training and experimental site will soon decorate the streets of our village.
I would like to believe that our experience may be useful for those who want to get involved in the work of restoring the forests of Russia.
Bibliography:
1. Arnold. Instructions for the management of forests. Publishing house 1860.
2. Forester's Handbook./Edited by M: Agroprom. 2003
3. Tarasenko, Kaluga region, Kaluga, publishing pedagogical center “Grif” 2003.
4. (About nature, about big and small), M: pedagogy 1992
5., Polyakov E. A (materials on additional environmental education). Kaluga, publishing house KSPU im.
Khoreva Maya
Goal of the work: master methods for accelerated cultivation of high-quality Siberian pine seedlings and assess the possibility of their adaptation to local conditions
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Accelerated cultivation of high-quality Siberian pine seedlings.
Khoreva Maya
School No. 367, class 10a
Head: Goncharova Irina Evgenievna
Cedar plantations emit a lot of phytoncides, thereby purifying the air (pathogenic microorganisms die). This has important sanitary and hygienic implications, one might say medicinal value cedar plantations. We plan to plant cedar seedlings in close proximity to human activity, namely: city limits (in agreement with gardening workers), residential settlements, summer cottages, private property.
Goal of the work: master methods for accelerated cultivation of high-quality Siberian pine seedlings and evaluate the possibility of their adaptation to local conditions.
Tasks:
- Determine and master the sequence of seed stratification.
- Determine the effect of soil moisture on seed germination.
- Determine the percentage of germination of Siberian pine seeds.
- Assess the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.
- Determine the growth of Siberian pine seedlings in the first growing season.
For our work, we used seeds from two Siberian pine cones, brought in November from the Ulan-Ude region (Eastern Siberia).
We prepared the seeds by stratifying them (4 months) in the cold, following the following order:
The seeds, removed from the cones, were soaked for three days in settled water at room temperature. At the same time, the water was changed daily. During this period, benign seeds swelled and sank to the bottom of the vessel. Empty and poor-quality seeds remained on the surface and were removed. (100 good quality seeds were selected).
Selected seeds were pickled in a strong (1%) aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (about 20 minutes). Then they were mixed with a moist (50%) substrate (sand, sphagnum moss, sawdust) and placed in the cold (on top shelf in the refrigerator) at a temperature of +5 0 C in a small plastic container. Periodically, the substrate was moistened with settled tap water at room temperature.
Stratifiedthe seeds were planted on April 20, 2012: before sowing, the seeds (100 pieces) were separated from the substrate, again pickled in a strong solution of potassium permanganate (up to 24 hours) and dried for sowing; seeds were planted in small plastic containers with drainage holes
In containers No. 1-No. 2 (20 seeds each) the soil was waterlogged (water accumulated in the pan), in No. 3-No. 4 (20 seeds each) there was a lack of moisture (dried out). upper layer soil), and in No. 5-No. 6 9 (10 seeds each) we observed normal watering (uniform moisture). Fertile was used sandy soil from a mixture of compost, coconut substrate, sand and crushed bark coniferous trees in equal proportions.
The process of sowing unstratified seeds was the same as
stratified. The unstratified seeds did not germinate, they stood for a month, and then the observation of them was completed, but the stratified ones began to sprout, and they were observed.
In containers with waterlogged soil, seeds sprouted only after watering was reduced to normal. In containers with a lack of moisture and normal moisture, the seeds germinated equally.
Germination rate of stratified seeds is 69%.
The bulk of the seeds sprouted 20-28 days after sowing.
We monitored the seeds from container No. 5 daily and measured their growth. The cedar seedling actively grows and develops in the first two weeks, and after that its external development slows down. But the root system begins to develop. During this period, the seedling reaches a height of approximately 30–40 mm.
The following stages of seedling development were also identified:
- Hypocotyl growth.Occurs approximately in the first 2 weeks after germination. The next 2 weeks the growth is insignificant, and after that it stops altogether.
- Hypocotyl straighteningoccurs 4–8 days after germination.
- Seed coat falling offoccurs on days 6–11.
After the hypocotyl stops growing, the seedling trunk begins to become lignified. This occurs on average 21 days after germination.
To improve the root system of cedar seedlings, it was picked and then planted in plastic cups 300 mg each before transplanting into open ground (until the end of June - beginning of August). The survival rate of seedlings after picking is 100%.
To infect the root system of seedlings with mycorrhiza, we added litter from under pine trees to the original soil during replanting.
In July - early August, 40 Siberian Pine seedlings were transplanted into a school for growing in Leningrad region(12 - in the Tosnensky district, 28 - in the Volkhovsky district). Teachers and students who are interested in our work and want to grow in their personal plot Siberian pine seedlings were given as a gift (29 seedlings in total). At this stage, the root system of seedlings is already more formed than before.
Those who took the seedlings were given a small task: to measure the growth of seedlings in late September - early October and talk about their development.
Landing in the ground took place as follows:
- identical plastic containers with a volume of 5 liters were prepared ( five liter bottles with a cut neck and with drainage holes at the bottom);
- containers were filled with soil mixture with the addition of soil from under pine trees for re-infection with mycorrhiza;
- the seedlings were carefully transplanted into the ground (without deepening the root collar);
- mulching was done (moss, sawdust) to reduce evaporation;
- containers with seedlings were buried in the ground to a depth of 20 cm,distance between seedlings 25cm;
- uniform watering was ensured.
The survival rate of seedlings when transplanted into open ground was 100%.
When planted in a permanent place, cedars completely preserve their root system, which is very important for their active growth. Containers should be large enough so that the root system of the seedlings is not inhibited. In such conditions, seedlings develop without competition for light and soil nutrition. We plan to grow seedlings in containers for 2-4 years.
Conclusion
Stratification is necessary for the germination of Siberian pine seeds; germination rate was 69%.
We also found that soil waterlogging has a depressing effect on seed germination.
Siberian Pine seedlings grow rapidly in the first 10-15 days after germination. In this case, straightening of the hypocotyl occurs on days 6-7, the seed coat falls off on day 9, lignification of the trunk occurs after the seedling growth slows down on average on day 25.
Siberian Pine seedlings tolerate replanting well – the survival rate is 100%.
On average, the growth of seedlings in the first growing season was 13-14mm (maximum growth - 20mm).
Cedar pine can be grown not only in Siberia, but also in the European region of Russia. This is not only possible, but also necessary to do.
Cedar from seeds. How to grow cedar from seeds?
Since you can always buy seeds in our online store various types cedar pines, then it would not be amiss to tellHow to sow Korean and Siberian cedars correctly.
Stratification of cedar seeds is mandatory and can be natural, natural (when sown in the ground in the fall) or homemade for 3-4 months in wet sand in a cellar or refrigerator. Let's focus on the second option.
So - the seeds must be treated before sowing, this will prevent them from becoming infected with fungus. The nuts are dipped in a 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate for a couple of hours. Next you need to mix planting material with moistened sand. The mixture is placed in boxes with holes to ensure the supply of oxygen. You can also wrap nuts and sand in a cloth. Seeds must be kept in a cool place. They are usually placed in the refrigerator. The temperature of the material for planting should be no higher than 4-5 degrees.
Seeds with sand must be constantly moistened to the same state in which they were placed in the refrigerator. It often happens that mold appears on nuts. In this case, the sand is replaced and the infected nuts are removed.
After they germinate (usuallyin 3-4 months) they are all high put into boxes.
Here you need to understand that even if you see that literally a few pieces have sprouted, feel free to sow; this does not always happen at once, but delay sowingno clicked seeds necessary. Best time for thislate spring (until June). For cedar seeds, it is better to use ordinary soil (you can buy it for seedlings)and acidify it with sawdust and sand. Before sowingseed preparation takes place. First, they are soaked in warm water for 3 days. The water needs to be changed every day.
Nuts are planted to a depth of 1 cm. Boxes with planted seeds should be kept at room temperature. After about a month, the seedlings should sprout. They are placed in a well-lit place so that the sun shines for at least half a day. After the emergence of seedlings during the first season, they should be sprayed or watered with the drug Fitosporin, this will protect them from fungal diseases.
Many people ask how to check the freshness of cedar seeds; is it possible to simply pour water into a bucket and consider floating seeds unsuitable for sowing? Our opinion is that it is impossible and, believe me, it has been checked more than once. Try it yourself - put the seeds in a container and fill with water, and open the ones that float up and look - as a rule, at least half are full-fledged seeds with a good kernel - feel free to put them for stratification.
If you sow unprepared seeds directly into the ground in the spring, they will sprout only after a year, and the germination rate is only 10-15%. Sowing in the beds in the fall must be done before the ground freezes, otherwise the nuts will attract rodents with their smell, and they will literally “dig up” all the plantings. When sowing in the ground, the ground should be covered with leaves up to 5 cm thick.
The best sowing time in autumn is October-November, depending on the region.
The emerging seedlings also need to be protected, first of all, from birds. The fact is that the sprout appears with a nut on the top, and until it falls, it attracts the attention of birds, who peck it right with the sprout.
Therefore, in the first monthcrops should be covered with mesh, gauze or spunbond.
If the cedars were sown in a box, then in the summer they must be taken outoutside, but by winter still transplant it into the ground, and ideallyopen the box, having previously made holes at the bottom for water to escape. Young cedars successfully tolerate the transplantation procedure. They can be planted close to each other. The cedars will undergo the next transplantation at the age of three. This procedure is recommended to be carried out in the spring. Older plants are replanted very rarely. Such frequent procedures can lead to drying of the roots. As a result of this, cedars may not take root at all.
At the age of three years, cedar seedlings must be planted either in beds for further growing at a distance of 30-40 cm - or in a permanent place. Cedar is a capricious plant and usually 80-90% of trees take root, even those planted within one day. Tree trunk circle It is better to mulch with sawdust - watering is average - cedar does not like flooding, cedars are not covered for the winter.
The distance between adult plants is 4-5 meters. Cedar forms well and, in principle, in 5-6 years it can be formed very beautiful tree semi-dwarf with annual growth within 10 cm with a beautiful spherical thickened crown.
Korean and Siberian cedars grow well in almost the entire strip of Russia, except for the southernmost regions and areas of the far north.
Cedar can begin to bear fruit at the age of 25-30 years, but sometimes this happens much later, so in the late 70s, varietal grafted cedars with an accelerated period of fruiting began to appear, which occurs within 3-4 years from the moment the tree was grafted.
Grafted cedars can be purchased in our online store