Shrink 3 verb forms. Irregular English verbs

English is a language of exceptions, where when learning a new grammatical rule, students are faced with a dozen buts in which this rule does not apply. One of these rules is the use of irregular verbs in the past tense. For many English learners, this topic is a nightmare. But you can’t do without them, because these are the realities of English! However, there is good news - modern English is gradually getting rid of irregular verbs, replacing them with regular ones. Why and how - we'll look at it in the article.

Why are English verbs irregular?

Not only foreigners, but also native speakers themselves experience difficulty in using irregular verbs. But nevertheless, for English philologists, the non-standardity of this part of speech is not a drawback, but a reason for pride. They believe that irregular verbs are a cultural monument that perpetuates the history of the English language. The explanation for this fact is the Germanic roots of the origin of irregular verbs, which makes British English a traditional variant of the language. For comparison, Americans are trying hard to get rid of irregular shape, remaking it into the correct one. Therefore, the list of non-standard verbs increases for those who learn both versions of the language. Thus, the incorrect version is ancient, which is reflected in prose and poetry.

How many forms does a verb have in English?

Speaking about verbs in English, it should be noted that they have 3 forms:

• infinitive, aka ;
• I, or Participle I, - this form is used in the simple past tense (Past Simple) and the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case);
• Past Participle II, or Participle II, for the simple perfect tense of the long past tense ( Past Perfect), passive voice (Passive Voice) and conditional mood of the 3-d case.

The table "Three in English" is presented later in the article.

What are regular and irregular verbs? Education rules

Regular verbs are those in which the past form (Past Simple) and the form Participle II (Participle II) are formed by adding the ending -ed to the initial form. The table "Three verb forms in English. Regular verbs" will help you better understand this rule.

There are some features when forming Participle I and Participle II:

• if the verb ends with the letter -e, then adding -ed does not double it;
• The consonant in monosyllabic verbs is duplicated when added. Example: stop - stopped (stop - stopped);
• if the verb ends in -y with a preceding consonant, then y changes to i before adding -ed.

Verbs that do not obey the general rule in the formation of tense forms are called irregular. In English, these include the Past Simple and Participle II verb forms.

Irregular verbs are formed using:

ablauta, in which the root changes. Example: swim - swam - swum (swim - swam - swam);

the use of suffixes different from those accepted in the grammar of the language. Example: do - did - done (do - did - did);

identical or unchangeable form. Example: cut - cut - cut (cut - cut - cut).

Because each irregular verb has its own inflection, they must be learned by heart.

There are a total of 218 irregular verbs in the English language, of which approximately 195 are in active use.

Recent research in the field of language shows that rare verbs are gradually disappearing from the language due to the replacement of the 2nd and 3rd forms with forms of the regular verb, that is, the addition of the ending - ed. This fact is confirmed by the table “Three verb forms in English” - the table presents a number of verbs that have both regular and irregular forms.

table of irregular verbs

The table "Three Forms of Irregular Verbs in English" includes the most frequently used verbs. The table shows 3 forms and translation.

Irregular verbs came to modern English from Old English, which was spoken by the Angles and Saxons - British tribes.

Irregular verbs evolved from so-called strong verbs, each of which had its own type of conjugation.

Researchers from Harvard found that the majority of verbs used are irregular, and they will remain so because they are used more often than others.

There is also a phenomenon in the history of the English language when a regular verb became irregular. For example, sneak, which has 2 forms - sneaked and snuck.

Not only English learners have problems with verbs, but also native speakers, as even they find themselves in awkward situations when it comes to this difficult part of speech.

One of them is Jennifer Garner, who all her life was sure that sneak was the correct verb.

She was corrected by the host of one of the programs in which the actress took part. With a dictionary in hand, he pointed out to Jennifer her mistake.

Therefore, you should not be upset if you make mistakes when using irregular verbs. The main thing is that they do not become systematic.

Regular verbs

The table "Three forms of regular verbs in English with transcription and translation" is compiled on the basis of the most frequently used verbs.

			Past Participle I and II
ask
answer
allow
agree
borrow, borrow
copy, rewrite
prepare
close
carry, drag
call, call
discuss
decide, decide
explain		explain
slide
cry, scream
finish, finish, end
shine
rub
grab
to help
happen, happen
manage
look
like
move, move
manage
to be necessary, to need
open
recall
suggest		sadgesture
study, study
stop, stop
start off
travel
speak
transfer		translate
try, try
use
worry
walk, walk
look
work

Examples of using 3 forms of verbs with translation

Above we looked at 3 forms of verbs in English. A table with examples of use and translation will help reinforce the topic.

Here, for each grammatical construction, two examples are given - one with regular and one with irregular verbs.

Grammar design	Example in English	Translation
Past Simple	Peter worked yesterday. She felt bad last week.	Peter worked yesterday. She didn't feel well last week.
Present Perfect Tense	James has already helped me. Have you ever been to Thailand?	James has already helped me. Have you ever been to Thailand?
Past Perfect Tense	I understood that I had used my last ticket. Helen noticed that she had forgotten her documents at home.	I realized that I had used the last ticket. She realized that she had forgotten the documents at home.
Passive Voice	Amy was taken to the zoo last Sunday. A baby is sung a lullaby every night.	Amy was taken to the zoo last Sunday. The baby is sung a lullaby every night.
Conditional	If I had money, I would buy a car. If she could help us, she would have done it.	If I had money, I would buy a car. If she could help us, she would.

Exercises

To better memorize irregular verbs, you need not only to learn them by heart and repeat them, but also to perform various exercises.

Exercise 1. Here is the table "Three verb forms in English. Irregular verbs." Fill in one of the three missing forms.

Exercise 2. Here is the table "Three verb forms in English. Regular verbs." Insert forms Participle I and II.

Exercise 3. Using the tables, translate the following sentences into English.

1. I was reading a book.
2. We saw them yesterday.
3. The Smiths lived in London until 2000. They then moved to Manchester.
4. Alice was a university student in 2014.
5. They worked in the same company two years ago.
6. He just finished training.
7. When we were children, my mother often took us to this park.
8. I drove a toy car as a child.

Answers to exercises

Exercise 1.

Exercise 2.

asked, borrowed, closed, decided, explained, helped, started, traveled, used, worked.

Exercise 3.

1. I read a book.
2. We saw them yesterday.
3. The Smiths lived in London till 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
4. Alice was a student of Univercity in 2014.
5. They worked in the same company two years ago.
6. He has just finished training.
7. When we were children we took for a walk to this park.
8. I drove a toy car in my childhood.

Make it a habit to periodically repeat the basic forms of the English verb. A table with irregular verbs, doing exercises and periodic repetition will help you quickly cope with the difficulties of the English language.

Here you can find a table of irregular English verbs with translation into Russian and transcription, videos on learning and memorizing irregular verbs, links.

There is a special category of verbs in the English language that does not follow generally accepted rules when forming the past participle. They are usually called “wrong”. Unlike “regular” verbs, which are appended with the ending –ed to form the past participle, these verbs either remain unchanged or take unusual forms that are not always easy to remember. For example:

put – put – put;
drive – drove – driven.

If the first verb is easy to learn and use in sentences, then the second one has to be learned directly by memorization.

Where did such difficulties with some verbs come from? Scientists have concluded that these are some kind of “fossils” left in the language from ancient times. During its development, the English language adopted a large number of words from other European languages, but some words remained unchanged. It is this category that irregular verbs belong to.

Table of irregular English verbs:

VERB	PAST SIMPLE	PAST PARTICIPLE	TRANSLATION
abide [əbʌid]	abode [əbəud]	abode [əbəud]	endure, endure
arise [ə"raiz]	arose [ə"rəuz]	arisen [ə"riz(ə)n]	To arise, to happen
awake [ə"weik]	awoke [ə"wəuk]	awoken [ə"wəukən]	Wake up, wake up
be	was, were	been	Be
bear	bore	borne	carry, bear
beat	beat	beaten ["bi:tn]	Beat
become	became	become	Become
begin	began	begun	Start off
hold	beheld	beheld	contemplate, see
bend	bent	bent	Bend
bereave		bereft/bereaved	Deprive, take away
beseech		bethought/beseeched	Beg, beg
beset	beset	beset	Surround
bet	bet	bet	argue
bid	bid / bade	bidden	Offer, order
bind	bound	bound	Bind
bite	bit	bitten	bite, peck
bleed	bled	bled	Bleed
blow	blew	blown	Blow
break	broke	broken ["brouk(e)n]	Break
breed	bred	bred	Breed, multiply
bring	brought	brought	Bring
browbeat ["braubi:t]	browbeat ["braubi:t]	browbeaten ["braubi:tn]/ browbeat ["braubi:t]	Intimidate, intimidate
build	built	built	Build
burn	burnt	burnt	burn
burst	burst	burst	Break out
bust	busted	busted	Go bankrupt, go broke
buy	bought	bought	Buy
cast	cast	cast	Throw, throw away
catch	caught	caught	Catch, grab, catch
choose	chose [ʃəuz]	chosen	Choose
cleave	cleft	cleft	Split, cut
cling	clung	clung	cling, hold on
clothe		clothed/clad	Dress
come	came	come	Come
cost	cost	cost	Cost
creep	crept	crept	Crawl
cut	cut	cut	Cut
deal	dealt	dealt	Deal with
dig	dug	dug	Dig
disprove	disproved	disproved/disproven	Refute
dive	dove	dived	Dive, submerge
do	did	done	Do
draw	drew	drawn	Draw, drag
dream	dream	dream	Dream, doze
drink	drank	drunk	Drink
drive	drove	driven ["drivn]	Drive
dwell		dwelt/dwelled	reside, inhabit
eat	ate	eaten ["i:tn]	Eat
fall	fell	fallen ["fɔ:lən]	Fall
feed	fed	fed	Feed
feel	felt	felt	Feel
fight	fought	fought	Fight
find	found	found	Find
fit	fit	fit	Fit to size
flee	fled	fled	Run away, disappear
fling	flung	flung	Throw, throw
fly	flew	flown	Fly
forbid	forbade	forbidden	Forbid
forgo (forego)	forewent	foregone	refuse, abstain
forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	Forecast
foresee	foresaw	foreseen	Anticipate, predict
foretell	foretold	foretold	Predict, foretell
forget	forgot	forgotten	Forget
forgive	forgave	forgiven	Forgive
forsake	forsook	forsaken	Leave, leave
freeze	froze	frozen ["frouzn]	Freeze
get	got	got	Receive
gild	gilt	gilt	Gild
give	gave	given	Giving
go	went	gone	Go
grind	ground	ground	Grind, grind
grow	grew	grown	Grow
hang	hung	hung	Hang
have	had	had	Have
hear	heard	heard	Hear
hide	hid	hidden ["hidn]	Hide
heave	heaved / hove	heaved / hove	Pull, push
hew	hewed	hewn/hewed/	chop down, cut down
hit	hit	hit	Hit the target
hide	hid	hidden	Hide, hide
hold	held	held	Hold
hurt	hurt	hurt	Hurt
inlay [ɪnˈleɪ]	inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd]	inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd]	invest (money), inlay
input [ˈɪnpʊt]	input [ˈɪnpʊt]	input [ˈɪnpʊt]	Enter, enter
interweave [ɪntəˈwiːv]	interwove [ɪntəˈwəʊv]	interwoven [ɪntəˈwəʊv(ə)n]	Weave
keep	kept	kept	Contain
kneel	knelt	knelt	Kneel
knit	knit	knit	Knit, darn
know	knew	known	Know
lay	laid	laid	Putting
lead	led	led	News
lean	leant	leant	Tilt
leap	leapt	leapt	Jump, gallop
learn	learn	learn	Learn
leave	left	left	Leave
lend	tape	tape	Occupy
let	let	let	Let
lie	lay	lain	Lie
light	lit	lit	illuminate
lose	lost	lost	Lose
make	made	made	Produce
mean	meant	meant	To mean
meet	met	met	Meet
mistake	mistook	mistaken	To be wrong
mow	mowed	town	Mow, cut
overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm]	overcame [əʊvəˈkeɪm]	overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm]	overcome, overcome
pay	paid	paid	To pay
plead		declare / pled	Beg, beg
prove	proved	proven	Prove
put	put	put	Put
quit	quit	quit	Go out
read	read	read	Read
relay	relayed	relayed	Transmit, broadcast
rid	rid	rid	To deliver, to liberate
ride	rode	ridden ["ridn]	Ride a horse
ring	rank	rung	Ring
rise	rose	risen ["rizn]	Get up
run	ran	run	Run
saw	sawed	sawed / sawn	Sawing, sawing
say	said	said	Speak
see	saw	seen	See
seek	sought	sought	Search
sell	sold	sold	Sell
send	sent	sent	Send
set	set	set	Put
sew	sewed	sewn	Sew
shake [ʃeik]	shook [ʃuk]	shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n]	Shake
shave [ʃeɪv]	shaved [ʃeɪvd]	shaved [ʃeɪvd]/ shaven [ʃeɪvən]	Shave, shave
shear [ʃɪə]	sheared [ʃɪəd]	sheared [ʃɪəd]/ shorn [ʃɔ:n]	Cut, cut
shed [ʃed]	shed [ʃed]	shed [ʃed]	Spill, lose
shine [ʃaɪn]	shone [ʃoʊn]	shone [ʃoʊn]	Shine, shine
shit [ʃit]	shit [ʃit]	shit [ʃit]	Shit
shoe [ʃu:]	shod [ʃɒd]	shod [ʃɒd]	Shoe, shoe
shoot [ʃu:t]	shot [ʃɒt]	shot [ʃɒt]	Shoot, take pictures
show [ʃəu]	showed [ʃəud]	shown [ʃəun]	Show
shrink [ʃriŋk]	shrank [ʃræŋk]	shrunk [ʃrʌŋk]	Reduce
shut [ʃʌt]	shut [ʃʌt]	shut [ʃʌt]	Close
sing	sang	sung	Sing
sink	sank, sunk	sunk	Drown
sit	sat	sat	Sit
slay	slew	slain	Kill, put to death
sleep	slept	slept	Sleep
slide	slide	slide	Slide
sling	slung	slung	Hang
slink		slunk/slinked	Slip away
slit	slit	slit	Cut, cut
smell	smelt	smelt	Smell, feel
smite	smote	smitten [ˈsmɪtn]	Hit, hit
sow	sowed	south	Sow
speak	spoke	spoken ["spouk(e)n]	Speak
speed	sped	sped	Hurry, rush
spell	spelled	spelled	To spell
spend	spent	spent	Spend
spill	spilt	spilt	Shed
spin	spun	spun	Twist, twirl
spit	spit/spat	spit/spat	Spit
split	split	split	Divide, break
spoiler	spoilt	spoilt	Spoil
spread	spread	spread	spread out
spring	sprang	sprung	Jump
stand	stood	stood	Stand
steal	stole	stolen ["stəulən]	Steal
stick	stuck	stuck	prick
sting	stung	stung	Sting
stink	stank	stunk	Stink, smell
strew	strewed	strewn	To sprinkle
stride	strode	stridden	Step
strike	struck	struck/stricken	Strike, strike
string	strung	strung	string, hang
strive		strive / strive	Try, try
swear	swore	sworn	swear, swear
sweat		sweat / sweated	Sweat
sweep	swept	swept	Sweep
swell	swelled	swollen ["swoul(e)n]	Swell
swim	swam	swum	Swim
swing	swung	swung	Sway
take	took	taken ["teik(ə)n]	Take, take
teach	taught	taught	Learn
tear	tore	torn	Tear
tell	told	told	Tell
think [θiŋk]	thought [θɔ:t]	thought [θɔ:t]	Think
throw [θrəu]	threw [θru:]	thrown [θrəun]	Throw
thrust [θrʌst]	thrust [θrʌst]	thrust [θrʌst]	Stick it in, stick it in
thread	trod	trodden	Trample, crush
[ʌndəˈɡəʊ]	passed [ʌndə"wɛnt]	undergone [ʌndə"ɡɒn]	experience, endure
understand [ʌndə"stænd]	understood [ʌndə"stud]	understood [ʌndə"stud]	Understand
undertake [ʌndəˈteɪk]	undertook [ʌndəˈtʊk]	took [ʌndəˈteɪk(ə)n]	undertake, commit
undo ["ʌn"du:]	undid ["ʌn"dɪd]	undone ["ʌn"dʌn]	Destroy, cancel
upset [ʌp"set]	upset [ʌp"set]	upset [ʌp"set]	Upset, upset
wake	woke up	woken ["wouk(e)n]	Wake up
wear	wore	worn	Wear
weave	wove / weaved	wove / weaved	Weave, weave
wed	wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd]	wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd]	Marry
weep	wept	wept	Cry
wet	wet	wet	Get wet
win	won	won	Win
wind	wound	wound	Wriggle
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	Remove, delete
withhold	withheld	withheld	Hold, hide
withstand	withstood	withstood	Withstand, resist
wring	wrung	wrung	Squeeze, twist
write	wrote	written ["ritn]	Write

Video on learning and memorizing irregular English verbs:

Top 100 irregular verbs in English.

In this video, the author analyzes the most popular irregular verbs in the English language (top 100, compiled by himself). Examples are given for all irregular verbs, voiceovers, etc. The most commonly used irregular verbs come first, then the least used.

Pronunciation of irregular English verbs.

British version of English irregular verbs. The author gives you the opportunity to repeat after him and thus hone the correct pronunciation of irregular verbs.

Learning irregular English verbs using rap.

Interesting video for learning irregular English verbs superimposed on rap.

Examples of using irregular verbs:

1. I could swim when I was five.	1. I knew how to swim when I was five years old.
2.Peter became an entrepreneur by chance.	2. Peter became an entrepreneur by accident.
3. He took another day off.	3. He took another day off.
4. They had two cats and a dog.	4. They had two cats and one dog.
5. We did lots of work yesterday.	5. We did great job yesterday.
6.Jane ate the last piece of cake.	6. Jane ate the last piece of pie.
7. He got another chance to gain her heart.	7. He got another chance to win her heart.
8. I gave my old bycicle to the neighbor's son.	8. I gave mine away old bike neighbor's son.
9. We went shopping to the mall two days ago..	9. We went to the nearest store shopping mall two days ago.
10. She made a rather delicious pasta.	10. She made quite tasty pasta.
11.Have you bought a new car?	11. Did you buy a new car?
12. We've driven all the way down to her house.	12. We drove all the way to her house.
13. She's grown so much since we last saw her.	13. She has grown so much since we last saw her.
14. Have you ever ridden a trycicle?	14. Have you ever ridden a tricycle?
15. You don't need to repeat twice, as it is understood.	15. You don’t need to repeat it twice, since everything is understood.
16. Their dog has bitten my sister today.	16. Their dog bit my sister today.
17.Have you chosen your future profession?	17. Have you chosen your future profession?
18. We've completely forgotten to call the Smiths.	18. We completely forgot to call the Smiths.
19. I've hidden a folder and now I can"t find it.	19. I hid the folder and now I can’t find it.
20. It was thought to be necessary for him.	20. Everyone thought that this would benefit him.

Every schoolchild, pupil, student, and even specialist in the field of English is familiar with the problem of using verb forms.

Let's understand the following concepts:

• why do we need three verb forms in English,
• which verb forms are regular (regular) and which are irregular (irregular).

Verb forms in English

The English verb has three forms. For convenience, in writing the first, second and third forms are designated by Roman numerals I, II, III.

Iform (or infinitive withoutto ) for example: to make (to do) – make – first form (main, basic form)

Using the first form of the verb, the Simple Present Tense is formed. When forming this tense, the first form of the verb is used without change, except with third person singular pronouns - the ending - s or - es (he, she, it - he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes) is added to the verb in the first form. Other exceptions are also possible, but they should be examined privately in more detail when studying the formation of the Present Simple Tense.

IIform serves to form the Simple Past Tense. To form this tense, you need to use both regular and irregular verbs. In this case, regular verbs have the ending – ed, and irregular ones are used from the second column of the table of irregular verbs

Jump – jumped (jump – jumped)

IIIform represents a special lexical and grammatical unit - Participle II (Participle II). For regular verbs, form III coincides with form II, and such a verb has the corresponding ending – ed.

Jump (I) – jumped (II) – jumped (III) (jump – jumped – jumped)

II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed different ways listed below.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs are formed by adding the ending - ed. For example, finish + ed = finish ed.

However, this statement requires clarification.

NB! To determine the correct ending for verbs with a base on a stressed vowel sound and a consonant sound, you need not only to add the ending - ed, but also to double the consonant at the end of the word in forms II and III: slip - slipped - slipped.

NB! To determine the correct ending for verbs with a stem ending in a consonant or the letter y, you need to change y to i and add the ending – ed. > try – tried – tried.

→ BUT! There is an exception to this case: if there is a vowel before the vowel y, then y is preserved: play – played – played

To determine the correct ending for verbs with a base on the vowel e, you need to add instead of the ending - ed > only e: skate – skated – skated.

Irregular (irregular) verbs

The question of such verbs is always important for all students of English.

Irregular verbs are verbs that change their form in a way that is not general rules, but using special forms.

It so happened historically that the forms of verbs began to change due to their most frequent use. Therefore, in modern English there are quite a lot of verbs that have II and III forms.

Irregular verbs are involved in the formation primarily of three past tenses - Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, as well as the passive voice.

There is no clearly structured algorithm for the formation of these forms; they are mastered mainly by memorization. However, there are some standard methods of formation that are phonetic in nature.

Below are examples of the distribution of verbs into typical groups

1. Availability inI final consonant formd, and inIIand inIIIforms - finished consonantt. In this case, the vowel in the root can be preserved.

1. Changing the vowel at the root of a wordIIform and maintaining (changing) the vowel in the root with the addition of the ending –e (n):

1. Same spelling and pronunciation of verbsIIand inIIIforms

came come come

1. Spelling and pronunciationIIAndIIIThe forms differ only in the root main one. InIIform – vowel a, inIII– vowelu.

I	II	III	Translation
drink	drank	drunk	drink

Today there is no universal table of all English verbs. All possible versions of them are freely available in reference books, grammar reference books, as well as on Internet resources.

If you've gotten to the point of learning verbs, you've already gone through a lot. But there is still a long road to perfection ahead. The temporary system is based on such a distinction between this part of speech as correct and incorrect. It is the latter that we will talk about and explain how to quickly learn irregular verbs.

So, we already know that with the passage of time, foreign conquests or other interactions of people, the English language also did not stand aside. This is especially true for verbs. If we study times, then we have to differentiate according to this category. Irregular Verbs are found in almost every one of them.

Forms of irregular verbs in English

Where to begin? From familiarization. What types are there, when and how are they used. After all, when reading the rule, you often come across the expression 2nd form, 3rd. We will now look at what it is. Once again, it is worth recalling that there are 3 forms of irregular verbs (some linguists distinguish four).

First form is an infinitive or first column of the table. This is how the verb is used in the dictionary: run, swim, give. It is used in Present Simple, Future Simple, in interrogative and negative sentences Past Simple.

Second form - This is the simple past tense: ran, swam, gave (second column). In this form, irregular English verbs are used in the Past Simple (with the exception of interrogative and negative sentences).

Third form- this is the past participle (Past Participle or Participle II): run, swun, given. This form of the verb is used most often. In tenses Perfect, all times Passive Voice. You will find it in third column of the table.

Fourth form- this is the present participle (Present Participle or Participle I): running, swimming, giving. It is used by the group tenses Continuous and Perfect Continuous. Not all tables contain a fourth column, only some do.

When considering sentences with irregular verbs, pay attention to the tense.

How are the main irregular verbs of the English language formed?

It is impossible to clearly determine that these words are changed in this way, and others in the second or third way. But it is still possible to trace a certain trend, and then it will not be a collection of words and incomprehensible forms.

1. By changing the vowel in the root of the word: meet - met - met; begin - began - begun.
2. Changing the root and adding a suffix: speak - spoke - spoken; give - gave - given.
3. The ending changes: send - sent - sent; build - built - built.
4. And some verbs are the same in all forms: cut - cut - cut; put - put - put.

How to learn irregular verbs?

Each has its own methodology, its own method, which has its own pros and cons. But first I would like to say a few generally accepted facts. First, learn all three forms at once and with translation. Irregular verbs with translation can be found in almost any grammar textbook, dictionary, on Internet resources and on our website. The entire table can be downloaded. Don’t learn 10 at once, take 5, stretch them out over 3-4 days, do the exercises. Many learn in a row, in alphabetical order, some in groups (depending on the method of education). I believe that the second one is more effective and easier. Therefore, we will divide all irregular English verbs into groups.

1. Completely identical

bet	bet	bet	bet
cost	cost	cost	cost
cut	cut	cut	cut
hit	hit	hit	strike
hurt	hurt	hurt	damage
let	let	let	let
put	put	put	put
set	set	set	install, put
shed	shed	shed	reset
shut	shut	shut	close
spit	spit	spit	spit
split	split	split	divide, split
spread	spread	spread	distribute
trust	trust	trust	trust

2. The second and third shapes coincide - p-t

3. The second and third forms coincide - d-t

4. The root vowel changes - ew - own

5. A group of verbs with different root vowels

6. Endings aught/ought

7. Vowel alternation

become	became	become	become
come	came	come	come
run	ran	run	run

8. Alternating vowel + ending en

9. Alternation, ending en, doubling a consonant

bite	bit	bitten	bite
fall	fell	fallen	fall
forbid	forbade	forbidden	forbid
hide	hid	hidden	hide
ride	rode	ridden	ride
write	wrote	written	write
forget	forgot	forgotten	forget

10. The second and third forms coincide

	second and third
built	built	build
dig	dug	drip
find	found	find
get	got	receive
have	had	have
hear	heard	hear
hold	held	hold
lead	led	lead
leave	left	leave
lose	lost	lose
make	made	do
shine	shone	shine
shoot	shot	fire
sit	sat	sit
win	won	win
stick	stuck	stick, get stuck,
strike	struke	hit, beat
stand	stood	stand
understand	understood	understand
deal	dealt	deal with
mean	meant	to mean
sell	sold	sell
tell	told	speak
lay	laid	put
pay	paid	to pay
say	said	say
bleed	bled	bleed
feel	felt	feel
meet	met	meet
feed	fed	feed

11.Have two options

burn	burnt/burned	burnt/burned	burn, burn
dream	dreamed/dreamed	dreamed/dreamed	dream
dwell	dwelt/dwelled	dwelt/dwelled	dwell, live
hang	hung/hanged	hung/hanged	hang
kneel	knelt/kneeled	knelt/kneeled	kneel down, bow down
knit	knit/knitted	knit/knitted	to knit
lean	lean/leaned	lean/leaned	lean, lean
leap	leapt/leaped	leapt/leaped	jump up, jump
learn	learned/learned	learned/learned	learn
light	lit/lighted	lit/lighted	spark off
prove	proved	proven/proved	prove
sew	sewed	sewn/sewed	sew
smell	smelt/smelled	smelt/smelled	sniff, smell
speed	sped/speeded	sped/speeded	accelerate
spell	spelled/spelled	spelled/spelled	to spell
spoiler	spoilt/spoiled	spoilt/spoiled	spoil

12. Completely different shapes

Remembering irregular verbs in English at first seems difficult and tedious. But believe me, if you don’t reboot yourself, study using the groups that we have provided, you will easily master them. And this is very important! All irregular verbs are very often used in speech. Learn grammar and expand your vocabulary.

In order to make it easier for yourself and make the process of learning English grammar more complete, you need to become practically familiar with the so-called three main forms of verbs of this language.

It is necessary to know these verb forms, since they are the basis for the formation of complex tense verb forms and other constructions in the English language. That is why it is important to learn how to correctly use the three forms of the English verb.

Let's look at what they are. First form (basic)- this is essentially an indefinite form of a verb (infinitive) without the characteristic particle to, for example: to speak - to speak - speak (basic form); exist – to exist (infinitive) – exist (base form); stay, stop – to stay (infinitive) – stay (base form). This form of the English verb is necessary in order to form the simple present - Present Simple. In this case, the basic form is taken as a basis and coincides with the forms of almost all verbs in all numbers and persons of the Present Simple, except for the third person singular. numbers, where the characteristic ending –(е)s is added to it (only in the singular and only in the third person!). One of the exceptions is the verb to be, which can be used both in the role of semantic (to exist, to be) and in the function of service (without any lexical meaning), which forms its forms in a specific way: 1st person singular. h. – am; 3rd person unit h. – is; in all other cases – are. The second exception is everyone modal verbs, in which –(e)s is not added and the form is the same for all numbers and persons. And finally, the third exception is the verb to have, which can be used both as a service verb and as a semantic one (in the meaning of having at disposal, owning). This verb is in the 3rd person singular. numbers Present Simple form has.

From the first verb form comes the formation second form– This is a form of the simple past (Past Simple). For all regular verbs of the English language (and the absolute overwhelming majority of them - minus about three hundred irregular ones) this means adding the ending –ed to the basic form, for example: divide, separate – divide + ed => divided; examine, investigate – investigate + ed => investigated. As for the relatively few irregular verbs, they form their forms in a completely special way without any explicit rules, for example: spend - spend => spent; steal – steal => stole; understand – understand => understood; prohibit, not allow – forbid => forbidden. The forms of such irregular verb units must be gradually memorized in order to use them correctly in your speech. A peculiarity of the verb to be in the Past Simple is the fact that it has (unlike all other English verbs) two forms: for all persons singular. numbers – was and for all persons plural. numbers – were.

And finally we got to third form English verb - participle II (Participle II), which in regular verbs always coincides with the second and, thus, presents absolutely no difficulties for students, for example: reconstruct - reconstruct (basic) => reconstructed (second) => reconstructed (third); illustrate – illustrate (basic) => illustrated (second) => illustrated (third). As for irregular verbs, they can again be formed in a variety of non-standard ways and are subject to the most banal memorization. For example: spread - spread (base) => spread (second) => spread (third); appear, arise – arise (basic) => arose (second) => arisen (third); to seek, to search – seek (basic) => sought (second) => sought (third).