Modern people are increasingly thinking about the condition environment, perceiving it as part of your home. This is especially true for owners of suburban areas who want to live in comfort even far from centralized communications. And if local underground sources drinking water have long become an attribute of the private sector, home-based treatment facilities began to appear relatively recently. But their popularity is growing.
One of the representatives of such a wastewater treatment plant is the Topas septic tank, produced by the Topol-eco group of companies.
Septic tank "Topas" is local biological system wastewater treatment with preliminary sedimentation of large suspended matter. It is on this principle that centralized sewage treatment plants operate, so the Topas septic tank can conventionally be called their miniature.
A step-by-step scheme for wastewater treatment can be presented as follows.
Step 1. The entire purification process begins with deposition in the first chamber, where along the central outer pipe wastewater comes from household sanitary equipment. In addition to settling, already at the first stage the process of biological decomposition begins due to the fact that air oxygen is also supplied to this compartment. From the receiving tank, the settled water, thanks to the operation of an airlift equipped with a filter to remove large particles, enters the second compartment.
Step 2. The next tank is an aeration tank. In this area, the main work of activated sludge occurs, which consists in the decomposition of pollutants through the process of respiration of microorganisms. Therefore, air is supplied here by a compressor. In addition, some particles become overgrown with sludge, which will allow them to be removed during sedimentation in the next chamber.
Step 3. The third compartment is a sump pit. In it, sludge is deposited from the water, and purified water is removed. At the exit from the secondary settling tank, the liquid also passes through an additional filter.
Step 4. Effluent, purified to almost 100% level, is discharged into a receiving tank, reservoir, ditch, etc. The high level of purification allows the water to be used for watering the green areas of the site.
Step 5. Light suspended sludge from the secondary settling tank is fed to the beginning of the cycle, and heavy sludge is pumped into the fourth chamber, called the sludge stabilizer.
Such simple circuit allows, without much human intervention, to obtain high-quality wastewater treatment, which is based on conventional natural process biological decomposition.
Pros and cons of the Topas septic tank
The only drawback of the Topas septic tank is the energy dependence associated with the operation of the compressor. But the lack of uninterrupted power supply in your area will make it impossible to install any biological treatment station.
The Topas septic tank has several advantages:
- absence of noise and unpleasant odor;
- compact design;
- low level of electricity consumption;
- simple installation diagram and operation process;
- large range of models.
Model range of septic tanks "Topas"
Models of this cleaning station differ in power, which depends on how many people will operate the sanitary equipment of a residential building.
Note! For a home with a large number of sanitary equipment, it is better to purchase a septic tank with increased productivity.
The numerical indicator in the model name indicates the number of users for which the septic tank is designed. Each model also includes two main modifications, differing from each other in the height of input and output of wastewater, and therefore the height of the septic tank itself:
- the Standard model is suitable for the case of introducing a supply pipe at a depth of 0.4 - 0.8 m;
- the Long model is applicable when it is necessary to deepen a sewer pipe by 0.9 - 1.4 m.
Eat modifications with forced removal of purified water. They are equipped with a pump.
For private houses, the 5, 8 and 10 Topas septic tank models are most often used, so we will focus on brief description exactly these varieties. In order not to repeat ourselves, we point out that all these models have the same width, which is 1.2 m.
The Topas 5 septic tank is designed for a burst discharge of 0.22 m3, and a productivity of 1 m3. The weight, depending on the height of the container and the presence of a pump for forced pumping out of treated wastewater, ranges from 0.23 to 0.31 tons. The height of standard models is 2.6 and 2.5 m for gravity and forced evacuation of wastewater, respectively. The height of the extended model is 3.1 m. The length of the septic tank is about 1 m. The estimated cost, depending on the height of the tank and the presence of a pump, ranges from 80 thousand rubles.
The Topas 8 septic tank copes with a burst discharge of 0.44 m3 and has a productivity of 1.5 m3. The weight of the septic tank of this model, depending on the modification, ranges from 0.35 to 0.41 tons. The length is about 1.5 m, and the height for standard systems is approximately 2.5 m, and for extended systems - 3.1 m. Price range is 85-105 thousand rubles.
Septic tanks "Topas 10" successfully operate with a productivity of 2 m3, and the volume of salvo release can be equal to 0.76 m3. The weight of the container with equipment varies for modifications in the range of 0.50 - 0.62 tons. The height of this septic tank is the same as that of the eighth model, and the length is 2.1 m.
In addition, the Topas 10 septic tank, in addition to standard models, has an elongated tank with a reinforced structure that can withstand strong soil pressure.
We also note that among the Topas treatment plants there are varieties that can serve several houses and even small populated areas with up to one and a half hundred people. In this case, installation must be left to professionals. Small structures can be installed independently.
Installation work
Topas 8 — autonomous system biological treatment Wastewater
Before the preparatory and installation work itself, it is necessary to correctly select the location of the septic tank in accordance with certain conditions:
- the distance to the treatment station from residential buildings should be at least 5 m, but not exceed a threshold of 10-15 m;
- if local conditions force you to install a septic tank further from the house, then it is recommended to install an inspection well on the external sewer pipeline;
- an inspection well will be required if the supply pipe has bends of more than 30 degrees, so it is better that the pipeline does not have any bends.
Having decided on the location, you can proceed to installation work.
Step 1. Dig a pit using machinery or manually. The width and length of the pit for the container should be approximately 50-60 cm larger than the corresponding dimensions of the septic tank. The depth of the pit is made equal to the height of the septic tank, although a fifteen-centimeter meter sand layer will be poured at the bottom. After all, it is precisely 0.15 m that the septic tank should rise above the ground surface to facilitate its maintenance and prevent flooding of the station during spring floods. If an additional concrete base is installed at the bottom, then its height must be taken into account when determining the depth of the pit.
Step 2. To prevent the foundation pit from collapsing, its walls are reinforced with formwork.
Step 3. At the bottom of the pit for the Topas septic tank, a sand backfill 15 cm thick is made, which must be leveled to the installation level. If the septic tank is installed in places with water-saturated soil or with a seasonal rise in groundwater level, then it is important to additionally fill or install a ready-made concrete base at the bottom of the pit. The septic tank container is then attached to it.
Step 4. Holes for pipelines are made in the wall of the container.
Step 5. A septic tank is released into the prepared pit. If we are talking about 5 or 8 models, then no more than 4 people need to be involved to carry out all the work. To do this, thread slings through the eyelets on the stiffening ribs of the container, holding them to release the septic tank into the pit.
It is important to check, using a building level, whether the septic tank is level.
Step 6. Prepare a trench for laying the pipe going from the house to the septic tank. The depth of the ditch should ensure that the pipeline passes below the point of zero ground temperature, characteristic of winter period. If this cannot be done, then the pipe will need to be insulated. A sand backfill is also made at the bottom of the trench, which is leveled so that the laid pipe runs at a slope of 5-10 mm per linear meter.
Step 7. Lay the supply pipe and connect it to the septic tank through a pipe inserted into the prepared hole in the wall of the container. All connections are additionally sealed using a special plastic cord that comes with the station. To do this, use a hair dryer. At the same stage, the septic tank is connected to the power cable and compressor equipment is installed.
Step 8. Prepare a ditch for a pipe that carries the wastewater after cleaning into a receiving tank, reservoir, filtration well and other discharge points. A pipe is laid into it at an angle if water removal is planned to be done by gravity. For forced evacuation of liquid there is no need for a slope. The outlet pipeline is connected to the septic tank; all connections must be sealed.
Step 9. Fill the septic tank with sand or a mixture of cement and sand. At the same time, they pour into the tank itself clean water, its level should be 15-20 cm higher than the backfill level. Every 20-30 cm the backfill is carefully compacted manually. The space between the top 30 cm of the septic tank and the pit is filled with fertile soil and turf is laid back around it to restore the landscape.
Note! The sand in the backfill must be unsifted, so that when the soil freezes, large particles do not damage the walls of the septic tank.
Step 10. Fill the ditches with the inlet and outlet pipes laid in them.
Rules of operation and maintenance
After installing all the components of the Topas cleaning system, start-up work is carried out. For the first time, it is better to leave this procedure to professionals, observing their work.
Note! It takes about three weeks to form the required activated sludge biomass. To speed up this process, you can add ready-made river sludge to the septic tank.
Routine maintenance includes the following:
Note! The sludge from the stabilizer is good fertilizer for your green spaces.
The comprehensive service also includes cleaning the coarse filter and checking the float mechanism of the first chamber, which is responsible for turning the compressor on and off. To inspect, you just need to forcefully raise and release the float and see how the compressor works.
It is also important to clean the pumping equipment compartment, first removing the compressors from there, and rinsing all hoses and tubes.
Note! Before reinstalling the compressors, it is necessary to thoroughly wipe their compartment dry.
After completing all cleaning procedures and installing the equipment in place, it is necessary to fill the septic tank clean water by two thirds. You can begin further operation.
Otherwise, the Topas septic tank works effectively in autonomous mode.
Video - Operating principle of the Topas septic tank
One way to organize individual sewerage private house, cottage or dacha - installation of an autonomous wastewater treatment plant. In short, such treatment plants are called AU, and in conversation the more familiar concept of “septic tank” is often used, although this is not entirely correct. Today we will talk about such an installation produced by the Topol Eco company. Their products are called Topas septic tank, they are widely distributed and have good reviews.
Modifications
The Topas septic tank looks like a plastic box with a lid. The body of the unit is made of polypropylene, so it does not corrode, rot, or react with the contents or the environment.
Exterior view of the Topas septic tank
These stations are produced with different capacities, designed for processing different quantities drains. From 4 to 20 people live in private houses and cottages at a time. For such cases, stations Topas 4, Topas 6, etc., up to Topas 20 are used. For servicing hotels and groups of houses, there are more productive ones designed for 30, 40, 50, 75, 100 and 150 people.
Models have been developed for different levels groundwater: for low and high. At high level groundwater, you should choose a Topas septic tank with a postscript - Pr. These models are equipped with an additional pump for pumping moisture into drainage system, storm sewer, a separate container with the possibility of its further use, etc.
There are modifications for different depths of sewer pipes:
- up to 80 cm, models marked “standard” are suitable;
- at a depth of 80 to 140 cm - Long, have an elongated neck;
- for those buried deeper than 140 cm -240 cm - Long Us.
There are no installations for even deeper burial. When choosing an installation, you first need to decide on the maximum number of people who can live in the house at the same time. In accordance with this, select the performance of the unit. Next, the groundwater level at the installation site of the Topas septic tank is taken into account, as well as the depth at which the supply communications should be located (depending on the depth of soil freezing in the region).
Design and principle of operation
This autonomous treatment station is internally divided into four compartments, each of which has its own cleaning stage. The wastewater sequentially goes through all four stages of purification; at the end, as the manufacturer says, the degree of purification is 98%. Waste processing occurs with the help of aerobic bacteria that live in the presence of oxygen. To ensure their vital functions, each compartment has aerators that pump air.
The Topas septic tank works according to the following principle:
- The wastewater enters the receiving chamber, where it begins to be processed by bacteria. While filling is in progress, air is supplied to the chamber to activate bacterial activity. During the process, insoluble particles settle to the bottom, while fat-containing particles rise to the surface. This compartment contains a filter for large fractions - this is a pipe large diameter, in which holes are made. There is a pump installed inside this pipe that pumps the water that has passed through the filter. Thus, the drainage enters the next compartment without large contaminants - they remain in the receiver and bacteria continue to process them. At this stage, the wastewater is purified by approximately 45-50%.
- From the receiving chamber, partially purified water is pumped into the second compartment - the aeration tank. When filling, aeration switches here, which allows you to raise pollution particles above the surface of the water. Since the shape of the chamber is pyramidal, they settle quickly. About 20-30% of contaminants still remain in this compartment. With the help of pumps and special airlifts, semi-purified wastewater enters the third chamber, and excess sludge from the bottom is pumped into the stabilizer chamber.
- The third and fourth chambers are similar in structure to the second. Here, according to the same principle, the final purification of wastewater occurs.
- Clarified water from the last compartment, by gravity or using pumps, is directed into the ground, into a container where water is stored for technical use, into a filtration column, etc.
As you understand, the entire operation of the Topas septic tank is based on the activity of bacteria. They require certain conditions - the presence of oxygen, positive temperature. Aerators supply bacteria with oxygen, so it is very important to provide the installation with continuous power supply. After turning off the power, bacteria can survive for 4-8 hours. If the air supply is not restored during this time, the installation will have to be populated with new ones.
Disadvantages and features of operation
When operated correctly, the Topas septic tank cleans drains well, and with regular maintenance it does not smell. With the right volume, it ensures a comfortable city-level existence even in the country. All this is true, but there are also disadvantages:
- Dependence on the availability of electricity.
- Necessity regular maintenance(2-4 times a year, list and description of work below).
- Restriction on salvo discharge. Each Topas septic tank model can accept a certain volume of waste at a time. You cannot drain more than this volume. This can become a problem if there are a large number of guests.
- Not everything can be drained into an autonomous sewer system. Large fragments that do not pass through the drain grate are not allowed; newspapers or any insoluble fragments are not allowed to get into the drains. Disinfectants that can get there in large quantities have a very bad effect on bacteria.
- It is necessary to take care of where you will drain/dispose of the treated wastewater. They cannot be used for watering a vegetable garden or garden, only for technical needs - watering the lawn, flower bed, etc., washing the car. Another option is to install a post-treatment station and discharge it into a drainage ditch (if there is one nearby), remove the treated wastewater into a filter column or pit filled with crushed stone for further treatment and absorption into the ground.
- In seasonal homes (dachas), it is necessary to preserve the system for the winter, otherwise the bacteria will die.
So there are certain restrictions on use. However, these settings give better results than conventional ones.
Installation and commissioning
Installation of a Topas septic tank begins with marking the site - it is necessary to determine the optimal installation position. There should be no large trees or bushes nearby; it should be located so that sewer pipes from the house do not have to be pulled very far, but at the same time, it is convenient to send the purified water for further processing.
Installation
A pit is dug in the selected location. Its dimensions are 30-40 cm larger than the dimensions of the septic tank body. The depth should be such that only the manhole cover remains on the surface. It must be remembered that a 10 cm layer of sand is poured onto the bottom of the pit.
The pit is dug to the required depth, the bottom is leveled, then sand is poured 5 cm thick, each layer is spilled and leveled. The latter needs to be leveled “to the horizon” - using a rule or an even bar on which the level is set.
A trench is being dug towards the pit from the house. Its depth depends on the level of the home sewer outlet. The width of the trench is at least 25 cm, but it is very difficult to work in one, so it usually turns out wider. When digging a trench, remember that the pipe must go from the house towards the septic tank with a slope of 2 cm by 1 meter. Making the slope more or less is not recommended. With a larger slope, the water will drain away quickly, and solid particles will remain in the pipe; a smaller slope will not provide the required speed of movement of the wastewater.
The bottom of the dug trench is leveled, a 10 cm layer of sand is poured onto it, compacted and leveled, forming the desired slope. A polypropylene sewer pipe for outdoor use is laid on the sand. Its diameter is 110 mm. When connecting segments, in addition to the O-rings, the joints are coated silicone sealant for outdoor work.
The pipeline is connected to the outlet of the drain and laid with a given slope in the trench. The slope is checked using a level. The pipe is filled with sand (not soil), which serves to compensate for soil pressure during frost heaving. They fill it up so that the top of the pipe is covered with sand.
In the same trench, along sewer pipe, lay the power cable that goes to the Topas septic tank. They usually use VVG cable 4*1.5 mm. It is placed in a HDPE pipe ( low pressure) with a diameter of 20 mm. Winded up in containment The cable is laid in a trench and led into the house, where the cable ends with a plug. The second end of the cable will need to be connected to the septic tank.
Next stage of installation autonomous sewerage Topas - installation of the device in a prepared pit. It must be lowered carefully, without hitting it. Polypropylene, although a durable material, is still plastic, so it can crack upon impact. You can lower the Topas septic tank manually or using a crane. To allow the ropes to be securely fixed, there are holes in the ribs running along the perimeter of the body. A rope is pulled through them. One at the bottom, the second in the middle of the height. The rope should span two opposite sides housings.
Holding these ropes, the installation is carefully lowered into the pit. Then, placing a level on the lid, check how level the Topas septic tank is.
There remains a gap of 20-30 cm between the walls of the body and the pit. It must be filled with sand. Gradually, we fill the walls in a circle, while simultaneously filling the septic tank with water. At the same time, we make sure that the water level and the sand level are approximately equal. Having poured a layer of 40-50 cm, the sand is spilled with water. At the same time, it becomes denser and falls lower in level. So, gradually, the pit is filled to the top. After this, we can assume that the Topas septic tank is installed, and the installation and connection of its equipment begins.
Installation of equipment
First we connect the power cable. To do this, remove the protective cover on the input box and connect the wires to mounting plate in accordance with the diagram. The ends of the conductors are stripped of 0.8-1 mm of insulation, inserted into the appropriate sockets, and secured with clamping screws.
The next stage is connecting the sewer system from the house. It is brought to the septic tank itself. In the place where the pipe will enter the body, draw a circle around the pipe. Then a hole is cut out using a jigsaw.
The hole is coated with silicone sealant. A piece of pipe with a socket at the end is inserted into it so that it grows
The rub is on the outside, and it should fit snugly against the body (you can tap it with your fist to make it fit well). The resulting joint is sealed by fusing a 7 mm thick polypropylene tape.
The sewage system supplied from the house is connected to the installed section of pipe (do not forget to coat the joints with silicone).
We install the pumps according to this marking, connecting pipes to their inputs (visible in the photo above). We install flexible couplings on the nozzles, put the other end on the pump inlet, and plug the plug into the socket on the body with the same number.
Actually, at this point we can assume that the Topas septic tank has been installed. All that remains is to carry out a test run. To do this, connect the Topas autonomous sewer system to the network and begin pouring water into the receiving compartment (no drains yet). Until the compartment is full, float sensor is located below, air flows into the receiving chamber. When the water level reaches a certain point, the float will float up, and the air supply will switch to the air tank - the second pyramid compartment. Then all that remains is to start using the sewer, monitoring the cleaning results. Let us say right away that in the first month, with intensive use, the drainage may be cloudy. This is because there are still few bacteria and they do not fully cope with their task. After a month the situation should improve.
Service
Autonomous wastewater treatment plants, which include the Topas septic tank, are often called sewerage without pumping. This does not mean that the installation does not require maintenance at all. It's about that there is no need to call a sewer truck, but it is necessary to remove sludge periodically. How often? 1-4 times a year, depending on the intensity of use.
It is also periodically necessary to remove from the receiving compartment fragments that bacteria cannot process. This operation is carried out with a net by opening the lid. And one more procedure is cleaning the filter for large fractions and airlifts. The efficiency of the installation depends on their condition.
Cleaning filters
Another operation that must be carried out regularly is cleaning the filters on the pumps. To do this, you need to unscrew the large plastic nuts that are located on the top of the pumps. By removing the nuts, you can lift the covers under which the filters are located. If the filters are clean, you don’t need to do anything with them; if there is contamination, they are washed in cold running water, dried and put back in place.
Removing excess sludge
Excess activated sludge, which is formed during operation, enters the stabilizer chamber, where it is mineralized. They must be removed from this compartment periodically. The recommended frequency of the procedure is once every three months, but many determine that the time has come by the appearance of a smell, which indicates that sludge has accumulated. Removal occurs using a pump (air lift) located in the stabilization chamber. This process is simple, all you need is:
- Turn off the power (toggle switch).
- Put on gloves and place a bucket.
- Open the plug.
- Lower the hose into the bucket and turn on the pump.
- After cleaning the chamber, fill the chamber with clean water and close the cap.
This operation can be carried out using fecal pump. In this case, pumping can be done once a year.
Cleaning the filter and airlifts
During operation, the filter and airlifts become dirty, which affects the efficiency of wastewater treatment. To restore them they need to be cleaned. This is done using a powerful stream of water; the air cleaner nozzles are cleaned manually - using a needle. The procedure for cleaning a Topas septic tank is as follows:
- Turn off the power.
- Disconnect the air supply hoses and remove the pumps from the housing.
- Spray with a stream of water under pressure - outside and inside.
- When cleaning the air cleaner, clean the nozzles with a needle.
- Put everything in place, add water to the operating level, turn it on and check the operation.
This is all necessary work for maintenance of Topas septic tank.
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Thanks to the advent of septic tanks such as Topas, there is no longer a need to independently construct a treatment facility for suburban area. The process of processing sewage in them occurs using modern biological products. This stage of cleaning is carried out in such a way that the nature in the surrounding area does not suffer.
Topas station – environmentally friendly safe installation, corresponding to the current standards in the Russian Federation regarding the removal and processing of sewage. Its main advantage is the ability to install the equipment yourself.
Characteristics and advantages of installing Topas
Installing a Topas septic tank with your own hands in a country house is justified, since the station is characterized by:- high cleaning efficiency;
- economical power consumption;
- absence of noise during operation;
- compactness;
- tightness;
- no need for special care during operation.
- vegetables that have become unusable;
- sand and other building materials;
- rubber, bags, cigarette filters and other products that are not biodegradable;
- water containing oxidizing agents;
- liquid with high content chlorine compounds;
- medicinal preparations;
- automotive consumables.
Inside, the Topas cleaning station is divided into 4 compartments. Each of them performs its own function. In a separate plastic bin there are two compressors that support the vital activity of bacteria - as a result of which the decomposition process occurs faster, because the liquid is saturated with oxygen.
Features of the operation of septic tank chambers
First compartment. Everything comes into it through the pipeline sewage. A float switch is located at a certain height. When the chamber fills, it transmits a signal to the first compressor. In automatic mode, the wastewater is redirected to the second compartment. In this case, all large fractions remain at the bottom of the first chamber. At the entrance to the second part of the septic tank, a coarse filter is installed that can even catch hair.
Third compartment. Liquid waste, agitated by the activity of bacteria, flows into the next chamber. It is assigned the function of a secondary settling tank. The third part of the treatment plant is equipped with a pyramid. In this compartment, the wastewater is separated into water and sediment. Old sludge, together with binding components, sinks to the bottom, and fresh and lighter sludge is sent to the first chamber for the purpose of additional purification.
Fourth compartment. This chamber is designed for water purification. The clarified liquid, passing through the top of the stilling pyramid located in the third compartment, enters the last, fourth part of the installation. There is a hole in it at a certain height, thanks to which the water completely leaves the septic tank.
Provided that the inflow into the first chamber is weak, more deep cleaning. This is the second part of the cleaning process, during which wastewater begins to circulate from one compartment to another using an aeration tank, compressor and airlift.
The operation of the Topas septic tank does not provide for long interruptions due to the lack of drainage. The fact is that anaerobic bacteria die if they do not receive “food”. Based on this, we can conclude that it makes sense to use such a treatment plant in a suburban area, when residents live in the house permanently or at least several days a week.
Installation of a Topas septic tank
Do-it-yourself installation of a Topas septic tank is carried out in stages. Each of them is carried out in accordance with the instructions. Sometimes the installation method may change due to design features individual models.
Step one. First of all, you need to decide on the location where the Topas septic tank will be located. According to the instructions, it cannot be placed closer than 5 meters from a residential building.
Step two. When you build a Topas septic tank with your own hands, the size of the pit that will need to be dug depends on the station parameter. For example, the dimensions of Topas 5 are 1000x1200x1400 in millimeters. For such an installation, you should dig a pit measuring 1800×1800×2400 millimeters.
Step three. It is necessary to install formwork in the prepared pit, and after it create a 15-centimeter sand cushion. As a result, the septic tank will rise 15 centimeters above the soil surface, and thus the operation process will become more convenient. If this rule is neglected, when the snow melts in the spring, the station may be flooded. As a result of water ingress, compressors and other systems will stop functioning.
When choosing a Topas septic tank model, you need to take into account the depth groundwater. If they are located close to the surface of the earth, you should give preference to a product marked “PR”. These installations provide for the forced removal of treated wastewater.
Step four. The installation diagram of the Topas septic tank is simple, and in addition, device models 5 and 8 can be installed without the use of special equipment. The station is lowered into the prepared pit using cables - they are threaded through special holes located on the stiffeners.
Step five. After installation of the station is completed, it is necessary to install network engineering. Connecting a Topas septic tank begins with connecting the sewerage system, for which pipes with a diameter of 110 millimeters are used. They are mounted with a slope of 1-2 centimeters per meter. The insertion depth can be 70–80 centimeters, it depends on the distance of the cleaning station from the house.
When the distance from the building to the house is 10 meters, and the pipe insertion is made at a depth of 70 centimeters, then the exit in the building will be located at a depth of 50 centimeters from the surface of the earth.
Step six. At this stage, the station is sealed. For the sewer pipe, a hole with a diameter of 105–108 millimeters is made. Sealing should be done in accordance with the instructions. The pipe inserted into the finished hole is soldered using a polypropylene cord and using construction hair dryer. When the connection has hardened, the sewer pipe is attached to the pipe. The housing must be leveled before sealing.
Step seven. Now you need to connect the electricity and normalize the pressure. The installation instructions always come with a connection diagram for the Topas septic tank, which you should refer to. To connect to the power supply, use a PVA cable with a cross section of 3×1.5. It is placed in a corrugated pipe intended for earthworks. Usually it is laid in the same trench with a sewer pipe. The cable is connected to the terminals through a specially prepared hole, and in the house - to a panel on a separate 6–16 A circuit breaker.
Step eight. Finally you need to do important work– normalize blood pressure. This process is carried out simultaneously with sprinkling the station. The container is filled with water and covered with earth in equal proportions. These steps are repeated until the septic tank is completely immersed in the ground. Self-installation Topasa will allow the homeowner to save family money.
Septic tank maintenance
According to the manufacturer, the Topas biotreatment station is capable of operating for a long period of time - about 50 years. This can be achieved provided that the septic tank is properly maintained during operation (more details: ""). Earlier in the article, actions that should not be performed under any circumstances were already mentioned. The limitations are due to the fact that bacteria require certain conditions for their life.Failure to comply with these simple requirements will result in the system functioning malfunctioning and one day failing. When carrying out maintenance, once every four years it is necessary to clean the septic tank from sludge using a drainage pump. Sludge can be discharged directly to garden beds, since it is a high-quality fertilizer.
Once a month you need to clean the coarse filter. The membrane should be changed at least once every two years. After 10 years of operation, it is necessary to completely clean the chambers of the Topas septic tank and change the aerator.
With the widespread use of new generation septic tanks that provide deep biological treatment of sewage, the level of comfort in country house almost equal to living conditions in urban conditions. For example, the active zone of septic tanks for a Topas dacha is capable of separating and filtering 99% of water to a biologically safe level. You cannot drink the water that has been purified by the Topas septic tank, but it is absolutely safe for the environment and humans. Under one condition, if the Topas service and connection diagram are carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements.
Installation of a septic tank "Topas"
Structurally, the Topas septic tank models from the 4th to the 20th model have an identical structure, the main difference is the volume of the working chambers, therefore the installation of Topas 5 and Topas 20 and their maintenance are carried out according to the same scheme.
Structurally, the Topas septic tank consists of several chambers combined in one building:
- Primary chamber installation of a septic tank, or a container for receiving the bulk sewer water, here primary and fine filtration occurs, trapping the largest particles that are too tough for bacteria;
- The second chamber is the main box of the installation, or a container for the biological processing of organics; most of the active substances are oxidized in it, so air is needed for normal life. To make the reaction in the installation more intense, the mixture of the active medium and sewage organics is mixed with bubbling air bubbles supplied by the compressor of the installation;
- Last capacity installation - a pyramidal settling tank in which the liquid is clarified and separated into sediment and clean process water.
Important! The sewer pipe system supplying wastewater to the inlet pipe of the Topas installation must have at least two wells with settling tanks that retain heavy and bulky objects that can block the entrance to the first chamber of the septic tank.
The design of the installation includes a top cover that provides access to all cameras and control systems. Here, if necessary, you can check the functionality compressor unit and clean any of the septic tanks.
How to properly install and connect the Topas station
Despite its apparent simplicity and clear operating principle, the Topas installation requires compliance with a number of conditions that guarantee stable and high-quality water purification:
- It is recommended to install and connect local treatment facilities “Topas” no closer than five meters to residential premises and places where people are located. Despite the absence of high-pressure pipes and containers in the device, the manufacturer of the Topas septic tank suggests taking measures to prevent the consequences of the release of contaminated and biologically unsafe liquid;
- The standard installation scheme involves placing the Topas septic tank in a prepared pit in the ground according to the diagram shown in the figure. On the opposite walls of the Topas installation there are receiving flanges to which sewerage pipes and purified water discharge are connected;
- The most serious attention should be paid to the power supply to the septic tank installation and the arrangement of a grounding system in accordance with the requirements of the Topas manufacturer and the operating instructions for the unit.
Advice! If you do not have the appropriate experience in connecting electrical wiring, entrust the repair of the power supply and compressor part of the Topas installation to specialized specialists.
The sequence of installing “Topas” in your own yard
At the first stage of installation, a pit is dug according to the installation dimensions of the septic tank. Part of the soil will need to be saved to fill the gaps between the formwork walls and the Topas body. For example, to install Topas-4, you will need a pit with a depth of 170 cm and sides of 160 cm. The walls of the pit for the installation of Topas are covered with boards, after which a layer of roofing material is laid on the formwork. A gravel cushion is poured onto the bottom of the pit, a geotextile sheet and a layer of sand of 100-150 mm are laid. The layers must be leveled horizontally and compacted using a hand tamper.
The weight of the lightest Topas-4 is at least 215 kg, so when installing a septic tank in a prepared hole, it will be more convenient to use a winch or a small crane.
When arranging the bottom cushion, it is necessary to take into account the location of the outlet and outlet pipes. In some installation options for the Topas septic tank, it is allowed that the inlet sewer pipe is located not on the side, but on the top. This supply method is used if the Topas installation is below the level recommended by the manufacturer. To connect the sewerage system to the entrance to the septic tank, it is used plastic pipe at 110 mm. The installation of supply lines is carried out from the inspection well to the inlet pipe of the septic tank with a slope of the standard 2° - 5°, ensuring reliable flow of viscous liquids.
After all inlet and outlet communications have been installed, it is necessary to seal the joints and seams at the junctions of the pipes. The most reliable seam is made from deposited polypropylene soldering material.
Before connecting electrical wiring, make an additional grounding loop according to standard scheme from four sections of corner No. 50, 70-90 cm long, connected to each other by a steel bus with a cross-section of 20x5 mm. Most the best option Electrical wiring will be supplied by air. If this is not possible on the site, lay a 3x2.5 PVA cable in a polypropylene pipe and bury it to a depth of at least 60-70 cm. Replace the final section of the pipe with a corrugated hose. In the body of the septic tank there is a hole with a sealing sleeve into which you need to pass the cable and connect it to the terminals on the connection box of the unit according to the connection diagram.
At the last stage, the installation position is balanced on a sand bed. The septic tank body is filled with water and at the same time the space between the walls of the pit and the septic tank body is filled with sand.
Maintenance of the Topas septic tank
To avoid clogging of the septic tank pipelines, it is recommended to rinse and clean the coarse filter in the primary chamber once a quarter. This will avoid the accumulation of coarse residues and fragments. Maintenance "Topas 8" recommends performing a complete flushing of the secondary chamber once every four months; it is most convenient to pump out dirty water using a drain pump and then a car wash high pressure“cut off” the remaining sediment and plaque on the walls.
It is also periodically necessary to open and clean the inspection well installed in the area between the house and the autonomous cleaning system. Often the revision well accumulates a large number of garbage and waste product items that cannot be processed by an autonomous sewage system.
Arrangement of water supply and sewerage systems on the site is one of the most responsible and complex issues problems faced by owners of private houses and summer cottages.
Many homeowners refuse traditional ways recycling and sewage treatment, preferring modern, more effective and reliable treatment methods. One of these methods is the use of a Topas septic tank installation. Let's consider the device, the operating principle of the cleaning system, the installation procedure and the basic rules for operating the Topas septic tank.
Topas septic tank installation
Septic tank Topas is an autonomous sewer system that purifies wastewater by 98%. Recycled water is not suitable for drinking, but it is absolutely safe for the environment and does not have an unpleasant odor.
The design of a local treatment plant is quite simple, and the operation of a septic tank is based on biological processes that occur in several stages.
Thanks to the clear structure internal structure autonomous sewage system, smooth cyclic operation of the septic tank occurs
The following equipment components are involved in the cleaning process:
- Station cover with air intake.
- Receiving chamber - wastewater flows into it, having highest degree pollution. Primary water purification is 45-50%.
- An aeration tank is a chamber in which water is purified by another 20-30%.
- Airlift with pumping units- ensures the transfer of water between chambers.
- Air compressors pump air to support biological processes.
- The third chamber (usually pyramidal in shape) is for water purification and sludge sedimentation.
- Post-treatment chamber.
- Device for collecting non-recyclable particles.
- Sludge pumping hose.
- Output of purified water.
Septic tank Topas: operating principle of the cleaning system
Septic tank Topas copes with any wastewater of household origin. The output produces process water and sludge, which can subsequently be used as fertilizer for the garden plot.
Such purification can be achieved through the use of activated sludge containing dozens of bacteria. The purification system involves aerobic (life activity occurs only in the presence of oxygen) and anaerobic (can do without oxygen) bacteria.
The entire operating cycle of the Topas septic tank can be divided into the following stages:
- The wastewater enters and accumulates in the receiving chamber.
- When the wastewater level reaches the limit level, the float is activated and the compressor is turned on.
- Air enters the chamber - anaerobic bacteria enter the process.
- Large fractions of wastewater break down into small particles.
- The mixed wastewater is fed into the aeration tank.
- The wastewater is recycled by aerobe bacteria.
- Half-purified water enters the secondary settling tank. There is a separation into sludge and water.
- The wastewater is processed by anaerobic bacteria.
- The sludge enters the stabilization chamber, and water exits.
- In the stabilizer chamber the sludge is divided into fractions. Light fractions are pumped back to the receiver and participate in biological treatment, while heavy fractions settle to the bottom.
The filter sludge accumulated in the sump must be periodically removed to prevent the tank from overflowing and failure of the entire sewer installation
Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous sewerage septic tank Topas
Septic tank Topas appeared on the market of treatment facilities 20 years ago, has proven itself well in Europe, and in last years has also gained popularity among consumers in post-Soviet countries.
The demand for the treatment plant is explained by its advantages:
Septic tank Topas: reviews
The disadvantages of the Topas septic tank include:
- high cost of the cleaning system (you can buy a Topas septic tank for no less than 80 thousand rubles);
- energy dependence of the station;
- Neglecting the rules for maintaining and operating a septic tank can lead to serious damage and costly repairs to the device.
Choosing a Topas septic tank: types and their technical characteristics
The Topas range of septic tanks includes installations for country houses, private homes, gas stations (Topas 5-20) and stations designed for wastewater treatment in a small cottage community (Topas 100-150).
The numerical designation in the product name indicates the number of conditional consumers - this is the main criterion for choosing a Topas septic tank
For a dacha, the best option would be to install a Topas-5 septic tank - a low-capacity cleaning system. Such an autonomous sewage system will fully satisfy the needs of a family consisting of no more than 5 people.
Technical characteristics of Topas-5:
- maximum permissible salvo water discharge - 220 l;
- septic tank capacity per day - processing 1000 liters of wastewater;
- electricity consumption - 1.5 kW/day;
- all installations - 230 kg;
- overall dimensions - 2.5*1.1*1.2 meters.
If the connection depth of the septic tank is more than 0.8 meters, then it is necessary to install Topas-5 Long
In the area where the pool is located, you need to use a septic tank with higher productivity - Topas-8 or Topas-10 (depending on the number of people living). Such models can process 1500-2000 liters of water per day.
Letter designations “Pr” and “Us” in model range Septic tanks have the following decoding:
- Pr - forced drainage of water (necessary for high groundwater levels, removal occurs periodically using a pump);
- Us - enhanced water drainage (used if the septic tank is located at a depth of more than 140 cm from the level of the sewer pipe).
The cost of an autonomous sewer system is affected by the performance of the Topas septic tank (the price of a single-chamber septic tank serving 5 people will be significantly lower than the price of two-chamber model with enhanced water drainage, designed for permanent residence 20 people).
Do-it-yourself installation and connection of a Topas septic tank
Pit preparation
The first step is to choose a place to install the septic tank. Construction and sanitary standards it is prohibited to locate the treatment plant too close (less than five meters) to residential building. However, it is not worth removing too much, as this will increase the cost of pipeline construction.
Installation of a Topas septic tank begins with preparing the pit:
Between the wall of the pit and the body of the septic tank there should be free space- at least 20 cm
Installation of a septic tank and arrangement of a sewer system
Septic tanks Topas 5 and 8 can be installed in a pit without the use of lifting equipment, that is, manually. There are special holes on the stiffening ribs through which you need to thread the ropes and carefully lower the septic tank to the bottom of the pit. Level the location of the septic tank using a building level.
The next stage is the supply of the pipeline and the arrangement of the Topas septic tank sewer system.
The instructions imply the following steps:
The slope of the sewer pipe depends on the diameter of the pipeline. With a diameter of 100-110 cm, the slope is 1-2 cm per meter, and with a diameter of 50 mm - 3 cm per linear meter
Connecting a Topas septic tank
The next stage of installing a Topas septic tank is connecting the power supply. To do this, you can use a PVS cable with a cross section of 3*1.5.
- The cable must be placed in a corrugated pipe and laid in a trench near the sewer pipeline.
- Insert one end of the cable through a special hole into the treatment station and connect to the terminals.
- Connect the second end of the cable through a separate circuit breaker (6-16A) to the distribution panel in the house.
The final stage is backfilling dry sand-cement mixture. Sprinkling the septic tank occurs simultaneously with filling it with water.
The installation is filled one third full and filled to the same level with water. Thus, the pressure on the septic tank body is compensated. The process of sprinkling and filling with water continues until the septic tank body is completely underground.
Installation and connection of a Topas septic tank: video
Long-lasting and uninterrupted operation of the Topas septic tank is possible if a number of rules for its operation and maintenance are observed.
In the instructions for treatment plant a list of permissible and prohibited actions is provided.
When operating a Topas septic tank, it is prohibited:
- throw construction waste, polymer films and other inorganic compounds into the system;
- pour water containing potassium permanganate into the septic tank;
- pour into sewer system disinfectants containing antibiotics and chlorine;
- disposing large amounts of pet hair into wastewater;
- Drain automobile oils, alcohol, antifreeze, alkalis and acids into the sewer.
During a lack of electricity, it is advisable to reduce water consumption in order to prevent overflow of the septic tank chambers and release into external environment raw sewage
Regular septic tank maintenance is the key to stable operation of an autonomous sewer system. Septic tank maintenance includes:
The Topas septic tank biological treatment station is a modern installation for arranging local sewerage. Despite the high cost, the Topas septic tank has gained popularity among consumers in different countries, thanks to effective wastewater treatment, ease of use and low operating costs.