Special attention summer residents pay attention to autonomous septic tanks without pumping, which do not require frequent Maintenance and calling a special sewer truck. In addition, such treatment plants have other positive traits, thanks to which they have earned such great popularity.
Autonomous septic tanks do not require frequent maintenance or calling a special sewer truck!
Surely you have already wanted to install such a turnkey septic tank at your dacha, because it is simple, convenient and profitable. However, which treatment plant should you choose from this category, and how do they work? Answering these frequently asked questions will certainly help you make the right choice.
How does a septic tank work without pumping?
The operating principle of a septic tank that operates without pumping out wastewater is simple. It consists of several chambers connected to each other by an overflow system. The first tank acts as a settling tank, in which Wastewater A solid precipitate falls and remains at the bottom of the chamber. Also in the first tank, the wastewater undergoes primary mechanical treatment with fraction separation.
Wastewater flows into containers that are located further as the first chamber is filled (only light fractions flow there). In the last chamber, the wastewater undergoes the final stage of biological purification, after which the purified water is sent outside the septic tank.
Certificates and expert opinion
Despite, autonomous septic tank without pumping can function for a long time without pumping solid waste formed during the separation of wastewater into fractions, pumping is still necessary. But this is not even waste, but waste products of bacteria living in the septic tank. As a result of the station's operation, a harmless sludge is formed, which can be pumped out by almost any submersible pump and dispose of it yourself.
Which septic tank without pumping should I choose?
If you do not want to bother yourself with the need to annually clean the septic tank from accumulated solids, pay attention to flow-through septic tanks. Due to the design features and special cleaning technology, these structures do not require constant pumping of waste, like storage models. Thus, after installation, you can forever forget about calling a sewer truck and only rarely carry out maintenance.
Don’t know which septic tank without pumping to buy for your dacha? There are several types of septic tanks, each of which has its own characteristics. Which one should you choose for your dacha? To answer this question, you only need to decide what degree of cleaning you need at the exit from the septic tank and whether you have the opportunity to equip the area additional filtration wastewater by soil: drainage element or filtration field.
Anaerobic septic tank Eurolos Eco
A non-volatile, inexpensive, but effective septic tank for a summer residence, which can provide all the necessary benefits. The perfect solution for a summer residence minimum budget. However, before purchasing a flow-through septic tank, it should be taken into account that it will be necessary to install additional treatment facilities for domestic wastewater - an aeration field, filtering drainage elements or a filtration trench. And also the type of soil on the site, because such septic tanks can only be installed in highly permeable soils and at low levels groundwater.
Autonomous cleaning station Eurolos Bio
The Eurolos Bio septic tank is an autonomous productive pumping station, capable of serving both small country houses, and impressive-sized cottages while maintaining a high degree of wastewater treatment at a level of up to 95%.
The high degree of purification allows the resulting purified water to be used for technical purposes or simply harmlessly discharged directly onto open ground.
Rodlex two- and three-chamber septic tanks allow you to create an effective, energy-independent sewage system for a private house or cottage, where from 2 to 18 people live permanently or periodically.
Design and completeness of a multi-chamber septic tank
The Rodlex company produces two- and three-chamber septic tanks for homes or cottages with a capacity of 2, 3, 4 and 5 thousand liters. When purchasing, the required volume is calculated according to SNiP depending on the number of residents - on average about two hundred liters per day per person.
The scope of delivery includes:
- in fact, a septic tank is a seamless cylindrical container divided into compartments by partitions;
- one section of extension neck 50 cm high;
- durable lid with screw connection;
- four sets of PVC elbow and rubber cuff diameter 110 mm.
The septic tank body is a solid cast hollow cylinder with:
- reliable feet for installation on concrete base in the pit;
- seats for inserting pipelines with a cross-section of 110–160 mm;
- An 800 mm opening for maintenance, onto which an extension neck (one or more, depending on the depth of the septic tank) is mounted with a screw connection.
Inside, the septic tank is divided by partitions into two or three chambers, which are connected to each other by an overflow system that ensures gradual settling and biological clarification of wastewater. Purified water, depending on the type of soil and groundwater level, is discharged to:
- soil (on sandy and sandy loam soils);
- bottomless concrete wells;
- filtration fields;
- filtration blocks or Rodlex filter wells.
For uninterrupted operation of gravity autonomous sewerage At home, it is necessary to maintain the angle of inclination of the pipelines (from one centimeter per meter of pipe), for the unhindered movement of wastewater from the building to the septic tank, and purified water from the sump. It is important to insulate the container from above in order to maintain comfortable environment habitat for anaerobic microorganisms, thanks to which biological processing of wastewater occurs.
How does a multi-chamber settling tank work?
Liquid household waste flows through the sewer pipeline into the first compartment of the septic tank, where it is mechanically settled: heavy particles of contaminants fall down, and surfactants and fats form an oil film. The overflow pipe connecting the compartments of the septic tank has an outlet in the middle part of the chamber, so that partially clarified water passes through.
In the second chamber, in the almost complete absence of oxygen, a two-stage fermentation of waste occurs:
- Acidic - destruction of complex organic matter to fatty acids (acetic, formic, butyric and other lower), alcohol and other compounds;
- Methane - the products of the first stage of purification decompose into simple gaseous elements.
Substances that, as a result of fermentation, have passed from solution into a suspended state, form sediment at the bottom of the second and third (if any) chambers. In a three-chamber tank in the last compartment, the final settling and clarification of the water occurs, which is then removed by gravity from the septic tank.
To activate biological treatment(under heavy load or, conversely, after a long break in use), as well as to prevent the occurrence of unpleasant odors It is advisable to periodically add bacterial cultures to the septic tank container, which are sold in liquid or dry form in specialized stores. The frequency of pumping out sludge depends on the intensity of operation (usually no more than once every three to four years).
Advantages of Rodlex multi-chamber septic tanks
Thanks to the application modern materials, thoughtful design and cleaning technology, Rodlex multi-chamber septic tanks have the following important advantages:
- energy independence while maintaining high efficiency;
- strength and durability (estimated service life of at least 30 years);
- Compatible with standard extension necks;
- reliable screw connections bodies, necks, covers;
- attractive design, the ability to decorate the cover with stone or wood to create a harmonious landscape design;
- high degree of wastewater treatment without the use of expensive accessories and consumables;
- absence of unpleasant odors;
- ease of installation and maintenance.
If necessary, Rodlex multi-chamber septic tanks together with additional branded tanks, such as R-Block infiltrators or UN filter wells, can be included in more complex systems autonomous sewage system to solve special problems engineering problems(in limited space, on difficult soils). Our store specialists are ready to offer effective schemes creating a sewer system for a private house using various Rodlex containers.
First, let's remember the theory.
Septic tank- (from the Greek septikos - putrefactive) - a structure for treating small quantities (up to 25 m3/day) of domestic wastewater. It is an underground horizontal settling tank, consisting of 1 or several chambers through which waste liquid flows (Big Encyclopedic Dictionary).
Earlier, I already wrote that it is not used independently, but only in combination with post-treatment, which is carried out in the soil. SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures” places emphasis somewhat differently:
"6.78. Septic tanks should be used for mechanical treatment of wastewater entering underground filtration fields, sand and gravel filters, filter trenches and filter wells."
Based on the logic of SNiP, the main treatment structure in this pair is the soil filtration structure, and the septic tank is used only for preliminary mechanical treatment. And this is very correct if we talk about cleaning the “water” component of the drain. That's right - the septic tank carries out preliminary treatment of wastewater from mechanical impurities (sediment). Let me add - it ferments the sediment, mineralizes it to a state suitable for agricultural use as a fertilizer.
Now you understand that all the talk about the fact that the septic tank provides insufficient cleaning, to put it mildly, is speculative. He shouldn't give "sufficient". The main cleaning takes place in the soil. This is how it is formulated in the territorial building codes TSN EK - 97 MO " Technical rules and standards for the construction, operation and control of the operation of structures for drainage systems of low-rise buildings":
"Septic tanks are designed for preliminary treatment of wastewater and decomposition of fallen sediment and are used in individual and local systems drainage".
Let's see what quality of wastewater enters the septic tank, and what quality it should come out of it for everything to work properly. Let's take one single, but very important indicator for preliminary cleaning - suspended solids.
Let's turn to the regulatory documents. " Guidelines for calculating the quantity and quality of wastewater and pollutants received into sewerage systems settlements", approved by order of the Gosstroy of Russia dated April 6, 2001 N 75, give us average quality characteristics domestic waste allocated by subscribers housing stock settlements. For suspended substances, this characteristic is 110 mg/l. At the same time, according to TSN EK - 97:
"Reliable operation of soil treatment systems is possible if pre-treatment facilities provide the proper quality of purified water. The concentration of suspended solids in wastewater after septic tanks should not exceed 100 mg/l. When filtering structures operate in post-treatment mode, it is 20 - 30 mg/l."
As you can see, you don’t need much from a septic tank. If it removes 40-60 percent of the suspended matter, then at the exit we will get from 40 to 70 mg/l of suspended solids. That is, this is closer to the post-treatment mode, rather than purification. The actual wastewater treatment will take place in the soil.
What volume should a septic tank be? This question is answered exhaustively by SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures”:
“The full design volume of the septic tank should be taken: with a wastewater flow rate of up to 5 m3/day - at least 3 times the daily influx, with a flow rate of more than 5 m3/day - at least 2.5 times.
Depending on the wastewater flow rate, the following should be accepted: single-chamber septic tanks - with a wastewater flow rate of up to 1 m3/day, two-chamber septic tanks - up to 10 and three-chamber septic tanks - over 10 m3/day.
The volume of the first chamber should be taken: in two-chamber septic tanks - 0.75, in three-chamber septic tanks - 0.5 of the calculated volume. In this case, the volume of the second and third chambers should be taken as 0.25 of the calculated volume."
"In septic tanks made from concrete rings,. All chambers should be of equal volume."
As you can see, it is not so important what size the chamber is; considerations of ease of construction are more important. Well, why are these several cameras still needed? The water does not care how many chambers it flows through, what is important is the residence time, and it is determined by the total volume of the septic tank. Either one section, or three - everything is one. If only the total volume was appropriate.
But the sediment doesn't care. If there is only one section, the sediment will not fall evenly in it. At the beginning of the septic tank there will be more of it than at the end. This is why they make several sections. To concentrate the bulk of the sediment in the first section and avoid re-contamination of the water with sediment decomposition products. And it’s easier to clean one small section than the entire septic tank. Some technical publications even recommend different cleaning intervals for sections of a septic tank.
Well, why do we need to deal with secondary runoff pollution? After all, cleaning still takes place in the soil and the load on it is acceptable.
The thing is that this secondary pollution is important when released from the septic tank directly into the reservoir. Then, having avoided secondary pollution, we will get more clean water at the exit.
But on Russian laws After a septic tank, you cannot discharge water into a reservoir or onto the terrain! Therefore, we should not be as interested in the degree of secondary pollution as, say, Europeans. Compare - according to EU standards, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand - an indicator that describes the amount of organic matter in wastewater through the need for oxygen for its oxidation) in wastewater discharged into a reservoir can be 25.0 mg/l. And according to Russian standards - 2.0 mg/l. The difference is an order of magnitude!
So they use sectioning of the septic tank to eliminate secondary pollution and additional chambers (increasing the total volume of the septic tank) to “hold out” the quality of cleaning to the coveted 25 mg/l.
It takes one to two months to completely ferment (purify) the wastewater and sludge mixture. In practice, they are limited to shorter periods, during which, of course, only partial decomposition occurs. The minimum residence time for wastewater in a septic tank is two days. In this case, only partial decomposition of wastewater impurities occurs, so small-volume septic tanks mainly serve to remove suspended solids. To get more high degree cleaning requires keeping the contents for 10 days. In this case, the wastewater can be considered purified, since due to the presence of putrefactive bacteria in it, partial biological decomposition has occurred. Septic tanks designed for holding wastewater for two days usually have a small volume, in contrast to multi-chamber digesters designed for holding water for 10 days. Wastewater from septic tanks designed for a short time stay should not be discharged directly into the reservoir, since they have not been sufficiently purified.
Do you understand, dear reader? A septic tank designed for 10 days will give 25 mg/l BOD and the effluent from it can be discharged into a reservoir. But only in Europe. But to achieve our two m/y this is not enough. That’s why we don’t use such large septic tanks. Therefore, sectioning a “three-day” septic tank will give little, except for the relative convenience of removing sediment from it.
And you already know how to react to conversations that this improves cleaning. What's the point of manually picking up crumbs from the carpet if you then vacuum everything up? After the septic tank you will still have soil cleaning, which will clean the drain to the standard.
Now about additional sections of the septic tank (or about increasing its volume compared to the standard three-day volume). Because the additional sections septic tanks provide additional quality of cleaning; they can be used to extend the service life of underground filtration structures. Obviously, the cleaner the flow is supplied to them, the more gentle they will work. And the longer. You may ask, why take longer, you can clean it?
The fact is that the filter well is really relatively easy to clean when it becomes silted. But underground filtration fields and filter trenches, used at high flow rates, will have to be made new; it is impossible to clean them; you can only combat their siltation by washing with chlorine water, however, this is not effective enough.
What is the service life of filtering structures before it becomes necessary to clean them and (or) replace them? TSN EK - 97 MO provides the following figures:
"During normal operation in the mode of post-cleaning of filter trenches and sand-gravel filters, their service life is up to complete replacement filter loading and drains are 15 - 18 years, filter wells and underground filtration fields - 8 - 10 years."
Here is the solution to the appearance of additional cameras in septic tanks. If you want to extend the service life of soil filtration structures, build additional sections.
I’ll make a special reservation - do not section the “three-day” septic tank, but increase its volume with additional sections. However, I consider 8-10 years a completely acceptable period, and I do not recommend building additional sections. But this, as they say, is a matter of taste and desire of a particular user.
Now that we have finally figured out what kind of septic tank is needed, it’s time to start talking about how to make one. In fact, there are only two ways - buy and install a ready-made one and make it yourself. They will work the same if you buy or build a normal structure, but the cost will differ by an order of magnitude.
Andrey Ratnikov. Technical Director of LLC SPO "BioStroy"
Today, even in the private sector, people simply do not want to live without comfortable conditions. Washing, dishwasher, water supply - how can we do without sewerage? And if the family is large, then wastewater accumulates rapidly and a simple pit is not enough in this case.
And why “multiply” bacteria on your property if today a universal engineering structure, where wastewater is “hidden”, and sometimes undergoes additional treatment and at the exit, even “watering” the garden.
Which septic tank to choose
The demand for such a structure was the impetus for the appearance of a septic tank in various options, with thoughtful complexity building structure, using a multi-stage cleaning system. Over time, the design evolved from simple cesspool first into a single-chamber septic tank made of concrete rings, and then into a complex treatment facility.
Engineering does not stand still, and today the single-chamber system has been replaced by a complex multi-chamber system with filters, in the newest ways wastewater treatment.
Choosing a system is not easy, because not only the budget, sometimes limited, plays a role, but also the dimensions of the structure must be acceptable, and an appropriate place for the septic tank must be found.
For example, if the water flow per day is 5 cubic meters, then the tank will have to accept at least 3 cubic meters of water. An average family of 5-6 people can produce up to 2 cubic meters of wastewater per day, especially if the living conditions are comfortable: washing machine, toilet, shower, etc.
And here you also want the sewerage system to work smoothly and for a long time. Therefore, competent construction sewer well cannot be done without determining the number of chambers in the design; the quality of the water used depends on their quantity.
Even regulations they are trying to regulate the intake of wastewater for a specific type of system (photo):
- Single chamber option – up to 1 m³
- Two-chamber – up to 10 m³
- Three-chamber – more than 10 m³
The first chamber in any well version should be the largest. Only in a septic tank made of concrete rings everything is different, the chambers are all the same size. Additional chambers are needed to ensure that the water flow goes through all periods of decomposition in 2-3 days.
How does a multi-camera system work?
The engineering structure consists of:
- Capacity for settling wastewater.
- pollution.
- Tank or well for infiltration.
The presence of additional chambers will depend on the level of drainage of the amount of water; the larger the volume of waste, the more difficult it is to recycle.
The more people live in the house, the greater the water flow will be.
Operating principle of a multi-chamber system
The main advantage of the multi-chamber option can be explained by the principle of waste treatment:
- Sewage waste comes from sewer pipe to the first chamber.
- Liquid is filtered in it, heavy waste precipitates to the bottom. Dirty water"stands up for"
- As soon as the liquid reaches a certain level, overflow occurs.
- The liquid cleared of large waste is poured into the second chamber, and the process is repeated.
- In the third chamber we have almost pure water, which is similar in composition to the so-called “process water”.
You can use this runoff to water the area; if there is nothing to water, then simply let your purified water go into the ground.
What are the requirements for a septic tank?
- Ventilation. Bacteria, processing waste, form gas.
- Correct choice of number of cameras. The three-chamber option is considered the most successful, especially if your plans do not include regular pumping of the septic tank.
- Construction volume. It is considered ideal if it can accept the family's three-day flow rate.
- Thermal insulation. It's good if your house has hot water, but do not forget that the ideal development of bacteria occurs in a warm environment.
- Waterproofing. Any septic tank must be equipped hermetically, this way you will protect your structure from freezing, melt water and precipitation.
Advice!
You can install any septic tank yourself.
This is a simple structure, especially since the construction process can be speeded up a little by hiring, for example, special equipment to dig a pit or install rings.
Construction of a multi-chamber structure
You will probably find step-by-step instructions useful.
In order to competently approach the construction of any septic tank, it is better to adhere to a specific plan:
- Carry out all the calculations, sketch out a rough plan.
- Sealing rings and all joints.
- Fill the entire structure with soil and place the covers.
Proper construction of a septic tank involves proper sequential arrangement of rings. This is especially important when building two-chamber septic tank with your own hands.
Advice!
All rings are installed according to a certain pattern, tightly connecting to each other.
Chambers with concrete rings are connected by pipes.
A do-it-yourself single-chamber septic tank does not contain an additional chamber.
But it can connect to a drainage point or drainage point.
Installation of several chambers, especially when a two-chamber septic tank made of concrete rings is planned, can be done in stages:
- Using special equipment, we install rings for the first chamber in the prepared pit.
- We do the same work with the second and, if planned, the third camera.
- We install overflows by punching holes in the rings.
- We seal the joints.
- We insert an inlet pipe into the first chamber into the last outlet pipe.
- We cover all the chambers with hatches and fill the structure with soil.
Conclusion
If you plan to use a septic tank for a long time, then the design must be built according to all the rules, which means you cannot do this without high costs. Building a septic tank is an expensive undertaking, especially a multi-chamber one.
The cost of construction will consist of hiring equipment (this is already 7-8 thousand), a work crew, and the cost of rings.
Just the right placement sewer system, proper installation will eliminate the smell of sewage and make your family’s stay in the house comfortable. The video in this article will help you get more information.
Issues regarding waste disposal suburban areas apply to both summer residents and owners of private houses. Most dacha areas and many small settlements in the country are not provided with the ability to connect to centralized networks. It’s hard to come to terms with this situation, isn’t it?
A two-chamber septic tank made of concrete rings, the construction of which will require a minimum of money and effort, will allow you to get rid of problems. You can build such a system with your own hands without any problems. However, even if you plan to attract workers, it is simply necessary to know the rules and features of the device. After all, the structure must operate without failure.
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with reliable information about the construction of concrete septic tanks, the basics of designing an autonomous treatment plant and its organization. In addition to valuable information, we have selected photos, diagrams and video tutorials.
A septic tank consisting of two chambers is practical treatment plant capable of processing organic waste.
The cleaning mechanism is based on the operation of two communicating compartments, inside of which the liquid component and the insoluble solid component are separated by settling.
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