All transactions with the organization’s funds must be recorded in the accounting department, for this purpose a special chart of accounts. Each account contains certain transactions that relate only to it. One of them is count 55, which is called "Special bank accounts".
Features of use
Account 55 contains information about the status of the enterprise’s special accounts, if the settlement was made using:
Count 55 is active, therefore, all receipts of funds are reflected in debit, and write-offs in credit. The balance for the reporting periods must fully correspond to the statements received from the bank.
List of subaccounts
Exists general list of subaccounts, which correspond to each calculation method. But the organization has the right to independently change sub-accounts or open new ones for more convenient accounting, the main thing is that these points are indicated in the organization’s accounting policies and approved by the manager.
Main subaccounts:
- 1 — settlement under a letter of credit;
- 2 - settlement using a checkbook, and until the funds arrive in the account, this amount will be reflected in off-balance sheet account 009;
- 3 — settlements on deposits;
- 4 — calculations in other ways;
- 5 — a sub-current account, which is used to maintain available funds of the NGDU;
- 6 — the subaccount is intended to store money that is paid as compensation to victims of the Chernobyl accident;
- 7 — this subaccount records settlements with the population for livestock and other products, the purchase of which is carried out under a contract;
- 8 — actions with corporate cards.
In addition, additional sub-accounts can be created to reflect foreign currency.
Normative base
All actions with special accounts are based on the regulatory framework:
- Chart of Accounts.
- In addition, articles of the Tax and Civil Codes of the Russian Federation may be applied.
Also plays an important role in the formation of the regulatory framework Accounting policy of the organization, since it is in it that the rules and features of accounting are established and some points in the preparation of accounts are prescribed.
The accounting policy must be fixed by the head of the organization and should not contradict established laws.
Basic postings
Account 55 most often corresponds with such accounts as:
| Account number | What is he responsible for? |
|---|---|
| 04 | reflection of intangible assets |
| 50 | money in the cash register |
| 51 | Bank account |
| 52 | foreign currency account |
| 60 | transactions with contractors and suppliers |
| 62 | transactions with customers |
| 66 | loans up to 12 months |
| 67 | loans over 12 months |
| 68 | VAT |
| 69 | social insurance |
| 70 | reflection of employee salaries |
| 71 | report |
| 75 | founders |
| 76 | transactions with debtors and creditors |
| 79 | on-farm operations |
| 80 | UK |
| 81 | stock |
| 84 | retained earnings / uncovered losses |
| 86 | funds for targeted financing |
| 91 | other income and expenses |
| 98 | deferred income |
| 99 | profit and loss |
In the course of the enterprise’s activities and cash flows, the accountant generates entries that reflect the transaction itself and the amount for which it was completed.
Basic transactions used when working with account 55:
| Dt | CT | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 55 | 50 | transfer of money from the company's cash desk to other bank accounts |
| 51 | transfer of money from a current account to other accounts | |
| 52 | transfer of money in foreign currency to a special account | |
| 60 | return of funds from contractors to a special account | |
| 62 | receipt of debt from the buyer to a special account | |
| 66 | to repay short-term debt, funds were transferred to special accounts to special accounts | |
| 67 | To repay long-term debt, funds were transferred to special accounts | |
| 68 | the excess VAT was refunded to a special bank account | |
| 69 | funds have been received to return surpluses from social insurance contributions | |
| 71 | The balance of funds was returned from the amount issued for reporting | |
| 75 | the debt from the founders was repaid | |
| 76 | debts from debtors and creditors were repaid | |
| 80 | funds were credited as a contribution to the management company | |
| 86 | funds were transferred to special bank accounts as targeted financing | |
| 98 | Based on the statement, money was credited to the account as funds for deferred income | |
| 04 | 55 | purchase of an intangible asset, payment of its cost |
| 52 | transferring money to a foreign currency bank account | |
| 60 | payment of debts to suppliers from a special account | |
| 66 | repayment of short-term debt with funds available on special funds. bank accounts | |
| 67 | repayment of long-term debt with funds available on special funds. bank accounts | |
| 68 | VAT transfer | |
| 69 | transfer of money for social insurance of employees | |
| 70 | remuneration for workers with special bank accounts | |
| 71 | issuance of accountable amount | |
| 75 | payment of dividends to founders | |
| 76 | settlement of accounts payable | |
| 79 | transfer of money to separate divisions within the organization | |
| 80 | repayment of debt incurred to participants in a simple partnership agreement | |
| 81 | purchase of shares or shares with special accounts |
When performing all operations with bank accounts, the basis for authorizing such actions is a bank statement.
Using a checkbook when making payments
Priboy LLC purchased a checkbook from the bank for a total amount of 200,000 rubles. The bank charged a commission of 240 rubles.
During the month in which the checkbook was purchased, the materials supplied were paid for using checks, for a total amount of 160,000 rubles.
The balance of unused funds was returned back to the bank account.
The accountant was made following postings:
| Dt | CT | Operation | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|
| 91 | 76 | commission accrual | 240 rub. |
| 76 | 51 | the commission amount has been debited from the current account | 240 rub. |
| 55.2 | 51 | the amount of checks is “frozen” in the account | 200,000 rub. |
| 60 | 55.2 | paid for purchased materials using checks | 160,000 rub. |
| 51 | 55.2 | unspent amounts remaining in the check book were returned to the bank | 40,000 rub. |
Credit card payments
The organization Mir LLC ordered a credit card from the bank for a period of 1.5 years (18 months), with a limit of 200,000 rubles. The interest rate on the loan is 16% per annum, which is calculated on actual expenses incurred.
With this card, an employee of the organization was sent on a business trip, for which he was allocated 6,000 rubles, which he spent all of.
The accountant employee made postings:
Debit card
The organization Rassvet LLC purchased a debit card, to which 50,000 rubles were transferred from the current account.
While on a business trip, the general director paid for hotel accommodation in the amount of 13,000 rubles.
Were made postings:
Transactions with letters of credit
Soyuz LLC and Zvezda LLC entered into an agreement with each other for the shipment of materials in the amount of 1,400,000 rubles. According to the terms of the agreement, payment will be made using a covered letter of credit, and therefore, the buyer opens a letter of credit with the bank for this amount. The bank charged a commission of 0.1%.
The shipment of goods took place, but due to unforeseen reasons, only 1,350,000 rubles worth of material was delivered. The remaining amount, in the amount of 50,000 rubles, was returned back to the bank account.
Postings for this situation will be following:
| Dt | CT | Operations | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|
| 55.1 | 55 | the amount of the letter of credit is reflected in the account | 1400000 rub. |
| 60 | 55.1 | money was transferred to the supplier for the supply of material | 1350000 rub. |
| 10 | 60 | materials have been registered | 1350000 rub. |
| 10 | 51 | The bank service fee is taken into account in the amount of 1,400,000 rubles. * 0.1% = 1400 rub. | 1400 rub. |
| 51 | 55.1 | the unspent balance of the letter of credit was returned to the bank | 50,000 rub. |
Deposit accounts
The organization Luna LLC opened a deposit in the bank in the amount of 150,000 rubles. The term of its placement is 6 months, and the interest rate is 21% per annum.
The accountant did following postings:
Account 55 is a fairly useful accounting account, as it is able to combine several calculation methods using subaccounts, helping to avoid unnecessary work.
An organization’s funds can be located not only in the cash register, in current or foreign currency accounts, or in transit. They can also be listed in letters of credit, check books, other payment documents (except bills), in current, special and other special accounts. In the latter cases, accounts 50 “Cash”, 51 “Currency accounts”, 52 “Currency accounts”, 57 “Transfers in transit” () are not used to account for them. We will tell you how special bank accounts are accounted for in our consultation.
Account 55 “Special accounts in banks”
To account for the availability and movement of funds in special accounts in banks, the Chart of Accounts and the Instructions for its application provide for the use of account 55 “Special accounts in banks” (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n). Such accounts are called special because the diversion of funds into them presupposes, as a rule, a specific intended purpose and, therefore, a special procedure for spending funds in comparison with money in the cash register or in current accounts.
Account 55 provides for the opening, in particular, of the following sub-accounts:
55-1 “Letters of credit”;
55-2 “Checkbooks”;
55-3 “Deposit accounts”.
A separate sub-account is also opened to account 55 to account for the movement of targeted financing funds separately stored in the bank (for example, received budget funds, funds for financing capital investments).
Please note that deposits in banks are classified as financial investments (clause 3 of PBU 19/02). And to account for financial investments, the Chart of Accounts provides for account 58 “Financial investments” (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n). Based on the above, an organization can account for deposit accounts either on account 55 or on account 58, securing its choice in.
Analytical accounting on subaccounts to account 55 is maintained for each letter of credit issued by the organization, for each received checkbook and for each deposit. At the same time, analytics should make it possible to obtain information about special accounts in the Russian Federation and abroad.
Accounting for funds in foreign currency in special accounts must be kept separately and provide information on the amount of funds both in rubles and in foreign currency (clause 20 of PBU 3/2006).
Typical accounting entries for account 55
Account 55 is active, therefore, the receipt of funds in special accounts is reflected as a debit to account 55, and the outflow of funds, accordingly, as a credit. Here are some typical accounting entries for accounting for funds in special bank accounts (
|
Operation |
Primary Documentation | |||
|
Transactions with letters of credit: | ||||
|
Opening a letter of credit using your own funds |
Vol. Jar | |||
|
A letter of credit was issued against a bank loan |
Vol. Jar | |||
|
Payment of supplier invoices with accreditation. accounts |
Vol. Jar | |||
|
Crediting unused funds from a letter of credit to a bank account. |
Vol. Jar | |||
|
Operations with checks: |
Vol. Jar | |||
|
Depositing funds when issuing check books |
Vol. Jar | |||
|
Payment of issued checks |
Vol. Jar | |||
|
Return of unused checks |
Vol. Jar | |||
|
Making cash deposits |
Vol. Jar | |||
Sometimes a real situation may arise when funds are transferred to a current account, but at the time of verification or at the end of the month they have not reached it. In this case it applies account 57 “Transfers on the way.” After receiving funds to the current account, the amount indicated in it must be transferred to account 51.
Some organizations cannot deposit cash during business hours with their bank. In this case, organizations, in accordance with concluded agreements, deposit prepared cash into the cash desks of credit institutions, savings banks or post office cash desks, as a rule, through bank collectors and post offices.
The basis for accepting funds for accounting under account 57 are receipts from credit institutions, savings banks or post offices, copies of accompanying statements for the delivery of proceeds to collectors or other similar documents.
The movement of funds (transfers) in foreign currency is recorded in the account. 57 apart. The value of foreign currency to be sold, based on an extract from a foreign currency account, is reflected according to Kt 52-1 and Dt 57 (if the write-off of currency from the transit account and its sale, according to the extract, occur on different days) in the amount determined by recalculating foreign currency according to exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of the transaction (writing off funds from the organization’s foreign currency account). When proceeds from the sale of foreign currency are credited to the organization's current account based on an extract from the current account, the account is debited. 51 in correspondence with account. 57.
In the event of a current change in the exchange rate of the ruble in relation to the sold currency during the period between the debiting of foreign currency funds from the foreign currency account and the crediting of their ruble coverage to the current account, the amount formed in the account. 57 exchange rate difference is subject to write-off to the debit (credit) of the account. 91 “Other income and expenses.”
Account 55 "Special accounts in banks" is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of funds in the currency of the Russian Federation and foreign currencies located on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad in letters of credit, check books, other payment documents (except bills), on current, special and other special accounts, as well as the movement of targeted financing funds in that part that is subject to separate storage.
Sub-accounts can be opened for account 55 “Special bank accounts”:
55-1 "Letters of credit";
55-2 "Checkbooks";
55-3 “Deposit accounts”, etc.
Subaccount 55-1 “Letters of credit” takes into account the movement of funds contained in letters of credit.
The entry of funds into letters of credit is reflected in the debit of account 55 “Special accounts in banks” and the credit of accounts 51 “Settlement accounts”, 52 “Currency accounts”, 66 “Settlements for short-term loans and borrowings” and other similar accounts.
Funds in letters of credit accepted for accounting under account 55 “Special accounts in banks” are written off as they are used (according to statements from the credit institution), as a rule, to the debit of account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”. Unused funds in letters of credit after restoration by the credit institution to the account from which they were transferred are reflected in the credit of account 55 “Special accounts in banks” in correspondence with account 51 “Currency accounts” or 52 “Currency accounts”.
Analytical accounting for subaccount 55-1 “Letters of credit” is maintained for each letter of credit issued by the organization.
Subaccount 55-2 “Checkbooks” takes into account the movement of funds in checkbooks.
The deposit of funds when issuing check books is reflected in the debit of account 55 “Special accounts in banks” and the credit of accounts 51 “Currency accounts”, 52 “Currency accounts”, 66 “Settlements for short-term loans and borrowings” and other similar accounts. Amounts from checkbooks received from a credit institution are written off as checks issued by the organization are paid, i.e. in the amounts of repayment by the credit institution of checks presented to it (according to statements of the credit institution), from the credit of account 55 “Special accounts in banks” to the debit of settlement accounts (76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, etc.). Amounts for checks issued but not paid by a credit institution (not presented for payment) remain in account 55 “Special accounts in banks”; the balance in subaccount 55-2 “Checkbooks” must correspond to the balance in the credit institution’s statement. Amounts on checks returned to the credit institution (remaining unused) are reflected in the credit of account 55 “Special accounts in banks” in correspondence with account 51 “Currency accounts” or 52 “Currency accounts”.
Analytical accounting for subaccount 55-2 “Checkbooks” is maintained for each checkbook received.
Subaccount 55-3 “Deposit accounts” takes into account the movement of funds invested by the organization in bank and other deposits.
The transfer of funds to deposits is reflected by the organization by debiting account 55 “Special accounts in banks” in correspondence with account 51 “Currency accounts” or 52 “Currency accounts”. When a credit institution returns deposit amounts, reverse entries are made in the organization's accounting.
Analytical accounting for subaccount 55-3 “Deposit accounts” is maintained for each deposit.
On separate sub-accounts opened for account 55 “Special accounts in banks”, the movement of targeted financing funds separately stored in the credit institution is taken into account. In particular, received budget funds, funds to finance capital investments accumulated and spent by the organization from a separate account, etc.
Branches, representative offices and other structural divisions of the organization, allocated to a separate balance sheet, which open current accounts in credit institutions for current expenses (salaries, certain business expenses, travel amounts, etc.), are reflected in a separate subaccount to account 55 " Special bank accounts" movement of specified funds.
The presence and movement of funds in foreign currencies are accounted for separately on account 55 “Special accounts in banks”. The construction of analytical accounting for this account should provide the ability to obtain data on the availability and flow of funds in letters of credit, check books, deposits, etc. on the territory of the Russian Federation and beyond its borders.
Account 55 “Special accounts in banks” is used by legal entities to collect information about transactions in Russian rubles and foreign currency carried out through settlements with counterparties using letters of credit, check books and other means of monetary circulation (with the exception of settlements with bills of exchange).
Account 55 in accounting - collection of information on transactions on current and special accounts of an organization carried out using letters of credit, check books and special payment documents. Data on settlements in Russian rubles and foreign currencies is displayed here. In addition, account 55 can take into account the receipt and expenditure of targeted financing funds, displayed separately in accounting.
Account 55 is active, the following subaccounts are opened for it:
- 55.01 - payments through letters of credit.
Something to keep in mind! A letter of credit is an obligation of the bank to transfer funds to their recipient (beneficiary) upon fulfillment of the conditions and provision of pre-agreed documentation.
The receipt of money for the bank guarantee is displayed by Dt55 in correspondence with the corresponding accounts 51, 52, 67, etc. Funds are written off according to bank statements; as they are transferred, the amounts are displayed according to Kt55. The credit institution returns unused amounts to the accounts from which they were accepted for the letter of credit. Analytical analysis is carried out separately for each opened obligation.
- 55.02 - payments by checkbooks. Debit 55 takes into account the deposit of funds when opening a checkbook in correspondence with accounts 51, 52, etc., and credit - repayment by the bank of the amounts presented for payment of checks. Deposited money that is not issued for repayment remains registered in Dt55.02. Unused amounts are returned to the company (Kt55.02).
Attention! The balance according to 55.02 must fully correspond to the bank statements.
Analytical analysis is carried out for each issued checkbook separately.
- 55.03 - accounting for a legal entity’s investments in bank and other deposits. The opening of a deposit is displayed according to Dt55.03 (Kt51.52). The closing of deposits and the return of money to the company is recorded by a reverse business transaction. Analytical monitoring - each deposit separately.
- The amounts of targeted financing received by the enterprise in banks are displayed separately: budget transfers, financing of capital investments, the accounting of which is carried out separately, etc.
- Additionally, sub-accounts are opened to record the receipts and expenditures of money aimed at meeting the current needs of the branches and representative offices of the enterprise.
Something to keep in mind! All mutual settlements expressed in foreign currency must be accounted for separately.
Regulatory regulation
Using the account 55 to concentrate information on settlements carried out by letters of credit, check books or other means of monetary circulation is carried out in accordance with the current Chart of Accounts, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94. In addition, settlement operations using special payment documents are regulated by Bank of Russia Regulation No. 383-P (rules for the transfer of funds).
Account 55 and common accounting entries
- Capitalization of funds in special accounts
Dt55 Kt50 - credited from the organization's cash register
Dt55 Kt51.52 - from current settlement, foreign currency accounts
Dt55 Kt60.62 - from suppliers, buyers in order to pay off accounts receivable
- Opening of bank guarantees, check books through borrowed funds
Dt55 Kt66.67
- Capitalization of target financing
- Debit
Dt51.52 Kt55 - crediting unused amounts to the organization’s accounts
Dt60.62 Kt55 - repayment of accounts payable
Dt86 Kt55 - covering the costs of targeted financing