Rice. 58. The relationship of the kitchen in rural house with other premises
1 - kitchen;2 - entrance to the apartment;3 - basement;4 - food pantry;5 - bathroom, toilet;6 - veranda (terrace);7 - living room
Rice. 59. Kitchen of a rural residential building with a solid fuel stove, water supply and sewerage (a) and without water supply and sewerage (b)
1 - solid fuel stove; 2 - sink; 3 - cabinet with sink; 4 - refrigerator; 5 - work desk-cabinet; 6 - corner cabinet-table; 7 - cabinet-table for fuel; 5 - cold cabinet-table outer wall under the window; 9 - cabinet-table for a water tank; 10 - dining table; 11 - chest-bench; 12 - stool
Sanitary facilities
3.5. Depending on the planning decisions and the size of the apartments in them
two main types of sanitary and hygienic premises are provided: a separate sanitary unit - a block of a bathroom and a restroom; combined sanitary unit.
Bathroom is a room designed to install a bathtub with dimensions of 1500× 700 or 1700× 750 mm and a washbasin with dimensions of at least 550× 420 mm. It is allowed to install a shower tray in the bathroom with a plan dimension of at least 800 × 800 mm. A restroom is a room designed for the installation of a toilet with a plan dimension of at least 670 × 400 mm. Combined sanitary unit - a room designed to install a bathtub, washbasin and toilet.
For more comfortable solutions, it is possible to install a toilet room - a room designed to install a toilet and washbasin with a plan dimension of at least 480 × 325 mm.
Combined bathrooms are used in one-room apartments or in apartments with four or more rooms if these apartments have toilet rooms. Other types of apartments have separate bathrooms. Examples of planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises, made in the form of volumetric sanitary and technical cabins of factory production, are shown in Fig. 60 and 61.
In bathrooms and combined bathrooms, provision must be made for placing a washing machine (maximum plan dimensions 600 × 500 mm). It is recommended to provide the possibility of permanently connecting the automatic washing machine to the hot water supply network. The installation diagram of an automatic washing machine in the bathroom is shown in Fig. 62. In some cases, with special technical justification, as well as for individual construction, sanitary and hygienic premises of increased comfort with an expanded range of equipment can be used. It is recommended to install separate faucets for the bathtub and washbasin instead of the single faucet used in standard solutions, as well as a bidet with a plan dimension of 640×350 mm and furniture containers. Examples of planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises of increased comfort are shown in Fig. 63.
In the absence of rural populated areas centralized systems engineering equipment It is allowed to provide decentralized cold and hot water supply and sewerage systems in houses. If there is no hot water supply in the bathroom, space should be provided for a hot water column with a diameter of 0.46 m for gas and 0.32 m for solid fuel. When installing a backlash closet in a house, it is necessary to place the restroom near the outer wall, and in front of the restroom, organize an airlock with heated air (see Fig. 42, a, f).
Ventilation
3.7. In order to improve the microclimate and increase the economic indicators of houses in subdistricts with dry, hot summers (IVA, IVG, IIIA) and in areas with calm weather conditions In subdistrict IVB, it is recommended to use horizontal-vertical ventilation of apartments, through light or ventilation shafts.
It is recommended to take the cross-sectional size of light ventilation shafts in terms of 1:20 - 1:10 of the ventilated area, i.e. total area of all shaft-ventilated apartments on each floor. In order to ensure minimal lighting in the utility rooms of apartments facing a shaft, the ratio of the smaller side of such a shaft in plan to its total height should not exceed 1:8.
The cross-sectional size of ventilation shafts for ventilating apartments is recommended to be taken in terms of 1:20 - 1:30 from the ventilated area with a ratio of the smaller side of the shaft in plan to the height of 1:8 or more (Fig. 64).
Horizontal-vertical ventilation of apartments can be organized
also through the internal staircase and oppositely oriented openings.
Rice. 60. Planning solutions for volumetric reinforced concrete sanitary cabins
a - separate bathroom; 6 - combined bathroom; c - toilet room
Rice. 61. Prospects for solving volumetric sanitary cabins combined with a ventilation unit
a - separate bathroom; b - combined bathroom
Rice. 62. Layout diagram of an automatic washing machine maximum sizes connected to engineering equipment
1 - washing machine;2 - inlet hose;3 - drain hose;4 - power cord
Rice. 63. Planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises of increased comfort
a - separate bathroom; b - combined bathroom
Rice. 64. Scheme of the mine ventilation device in the four-apartment section
Rice. 65. Scheme of separate ventilation of residential and utility rooms of apartments
Rice. 66. Schemes of corner (a) and through (b) ventilation of one- and two-room apartments
TOILET- one or more premises in which sanitary appliances for personal hygiene are installed. In sanitary units of residential buildings, the set of sanitary appliances and equipment is determined depending on the level of improvement and classification of the building. A sanitary unit in which all appliances are installed in one room is called combined; a sanitary unit consisting of two rooms, in one of which there is a separate toilet or a toilet with a washbasin. Sanitary fixtures are usually placed along one wall, creating best opportunities for installation of pipelines.
Sanitary units with significant heat losses are equipped with heating appliances. In sanitary facilities not adjacent to external walls, heating device is a heated towel rail. Electrical ones are sometimes used infrared heaters switched on while using the bathroom. Ventilation of sanitary facilities is usually exhaust with natural impulse. IN southern regions For better ventilation, sanitary facilities are located near the outer walls, in which window openings are provided.
The comfort of a sanitary unit largely depends on the availability of additional equipment, layout and placement of all parts, such as wall shelves, soap dishes, paper holders, hooks, built-in or wall-mounted toilet cabinets with a mirror, hangers for clothes and towels, a waterproof curtain near the bathtub, undressing seats, heated towel rails, lamps, containers for storing dirty linen, basins and other household items.
In construction practice recent years, in order to increase industrialization, has become widespread effective method- installation of sanitary facilities using enlarged elements of factory production: sanitary blocks, panels and cabins made of concrete, gypsum concrete, asbestos cement, as well as synthetic materials - laminated plastics, polystyrene, etc. In the bathrooms of public buildings, in addition to sanitary fixtures, electric towels are installed, centralized devices with feed liquid soap to each washbasin, watering taps for cleaning the room and drains in the floor. In a number of consumer service enterprises (trade, Catering and etc.)
The bathrooms have showers and women's personal hygiene booths. Sanitary facilities public buildings are usually equipped exhaust ventilation with mechanical drive, guaranteeing constant air exchange. The enclosing structures of all types of bathrooms and their finishing are made of waterproof materials, making it easy to clean and wash the premises. The floors are provided with waterproofing. Ceramic or plastic tiles are mainly used to cover floors. The walls are finished with oil paint, lined with various tiles (ceramic, plastic) or sheet materials, for example, enameled super-hard fiberboards, plastics, synthetic films. All bathroom pipelines must be hidden under the cladding, and the room must have a minimum of corners, wests, niches and other places that are difficult to access for cleaning.
Toilet
Rice. 1.
Equipment diagram for a combined sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-arm hanger;
7 - hooks and hangers.
WC(bathroom). Designed to maintain cleanliness and personal hygiene. The main devices that make up the equipment of a sanitary unit: washbasin, toilet, bidet; can be located either in one room (combined bathroom) or in different rooms (separate bathroom). The bathroom, as a rule, also houses a washing machine and a box for storing dirty laundry. When deciding on the interior of a sanitary unit, it is desirable that its equipment and finishing be combined in color, style and materials.
The most convenient are the so-called lying bathtubs with a length of 150 or 170 cm. Usually, in order to save space, a washbasin is installed near the bathtub, extending 10 cm above it, which should be at least 60 cm wide and have a trapezoidal or oval shape. Washbasins serving only for hand washing (located in the restroom) may be smaller in size. The toilet is usually installed as close to the wall as possible. Position of the bidet in relation to sewer riser can be anything; It is important to place it so that it takes up less space and is convenient to use. Diagrams of the bathroom equipment are shown in Fig. 1 (for combined) and 2 (for separate); a fragment of a sanitary unit is shown in Fig. 3.
It is best to lay the floor and walls in the bathroom with ceramic tiles. This perfect material, as it tolerates moisture well. It is good to put, for example, terry rugs on such a floor suitable colors and drawings. You can also put terry covers on the toilet lid and tank, which looks very impressive. It is recommended to cover the walls in the bathroom to a height of 1.5 m from the floor; in this case, it is better to use tiles in light colors - blue, white, cream, but you can also use black, which gives a unique effect. If you add mirrors on the walls to this, it turns out both original and beautiful. The walls above the tiles are painted white or another color (depending on the color of the tiles). The ceiling in the bathroom can be made completely luminous. This is done due to suspended ceiling, mounted from metal or plastic slats, between which are inserted frosted glass or plexiglass. Inside there are fluorescent lamps, which create the unique effect of a luminous ceiling surface (Fig. 4). If all this is supplemented with bright plastic parts - towel racks, shelves, and also a system of cabinets, then the interior will be advantageous in many ways.
The walls of the restroom are also laid out ceramic tiles up to a height of 1.5 m (as in a bathroom) or to the ceiling. Finishing tiles should be light colors or with colored patterns. It is better if the interior of the bathroom echoes the interior of the restroom.
Recently, various types of materials have been increasingly used to decorate bathrooms. decorative materials colored polymer films, multi-colored and painted facing tiles, as well as all kinds of plastics; They are available for sale in a wide range. The top of the walls and ceiling can be covered with film, combining colors. If there is no film, ordinary household oilcloth will do. Last option especially convenient in a wooden house, since at the same time the remaining rooms are isolated from moisture. But in this case, the bathroom must have very good ventilation. For painting wooden surfaces, it is best to use oil-based and other waterproof paints, and use water-based paints for coatings only in stone (brick, panel, etc.) houses.
Sealing bathtubs. The most common are 2 options for sealing a bathtub. The first is when the distance between the bathroom and the opposite parallel wall is large enough; the second when this passage is limited in width. In the first case, the sealing of the bathtub begins with the manufacture wooden frame from slats with a cross section of 30×40 mm. The frame (Fig. 5) is a frame with 3 legs, connected with spikes and glue. The frame is attached to the walls with 4 screws. The upper edge of the frame is rounded; it fits under the lip of the bathtub. Along the edge of the frame, cutouts are made for technological bosses on the bathtub (bottom under the collar). There is a gap at the bottom of the frame, thanks to which you can stand close to the bathtub when doing laundry, cleaning the bathtub, etc. 2 panels made of decorative laminated paper are hung from the top of the frame on hinges suitable color. The bottom of the plastic should cover the bottom bar of the frame. All panels have magnetic or spring latches. One shield blocks the opening under the bathroom from its end, where large household items are stored. Another panel covers the shelves under the side wall of the bathtub. The bottom shelf is made at such a height that boxes can be placed on it. washing powders. On top shelf have stocks of soap, small-packaged powders, etc.
In the second case, plastic runners are installed on the frame (with shelves in the middle part), in which 2 identical doors made of decorative laminated paper can move. In the doors, using a brace and a hammer, 2 holes with a diameter of 25x30 mm are drilled, which serve as a kind of handles.
Sealing the washbasin. If the bathroom has a washbasin, you can make a cabinet under it. The result is another storage for necessary things and covers pipes that do not decorate the interior. First, a frame on spikes is assembled from slats with a cross-section of 30×40 mm and epoxy glue. Side panels made of plywood, chipboard or plastic are attached to the frame. On the inside of the door you can install a box for dirty linen, in the walls and bottom of which ventilation holes are drilled (Fig. 6, A). If a linen box is not needed, then only easily removable shelves are made in the cabinet (Fig. 6, b).
Mirror. Above the washbasin you can hang a regular round (or other shaped) mirror in beautiful frame and strengthen 2 decorative sconces on the sides (Fig. 7, A). But if you get a little creative, you can make your own, unique mirror. Here's one option. Mirror original form mounted on a varnished sheet of 8x10 mm. plywood, the ends of which are covered with dark paint. On the sides of the mirror install 2 homemade lamp with 15 W fluorescent lamps (Fig. 7, b). Lamps on a plywood sheet are secured with decorative plugs-brackets made of sheet brass. Before installation, the bracket plugs are polished and “gilded”. The choke and capacitor of the lamp can be placed in any convenient location, switch next to the lamp, it is also good to install a socket there to turn on the electric razor.
The second option for homemade mirror design is shown in Fig. 7, V. A mirror is attached to a polished sheet of plywood, and a fluorescent lamp is mounted on top (behind the visor). A switch and socket for an electric razor are installed in a convenient place.
Dressing table by the washbasin. A very convenient dressing table, covering the washbasin on both sides (Fig. 8, A). Naturally, such a table can be made if there is room for it. The basis is a frame made of bars with a cross section of 40×40 mm (Fig. 8, b). The tabletop is made of chipboard; in front, an end panel made of chipboard is reinforced, equal in width to the facing tile. The same tiles that cover the walls are laid on the countertop and end panel. There is a cabinet underneath the dressing table.
Folding chair. High chair base (seat) 10 mm sheet. plywood onto which foam rubber 15x20 mm thick is glued (Fig. 9). The chair can be covered with the same fabric from which the rug in front of the bath is made.
The high chair is secured to the wall with loops and 2 chains covered with the same material as the high chair itself. A latch is placed on the wall to hold the chair in the lowered position.
Fencing off the bath. In a combined bathroom, the toilet is sometimes separated from the bathtub by a screen (Fig. 10). The material for it can be all kinds of sheet plastics, decorative laminated paper, painted or textured asbestos-cement boards, Metelitsa glass, etc.
If space permits, the bathtub is separated from the toilet shelf-cabinet, (Fig. 11). It is better to make such a cabinet from boards, but it is also possible from chipboard covered with a decorative film “like wood”. The basis of the shelf-cabinet is a board 25 x 30 mm thick and 250 x 300 mm wide, running from the plinth to the ceiling. The base board is attached to the wall with screws (two at the top, bottom and in the middle). 7 x 8 shelves of the same width (250 x 300 mm) are attached to the base board: the bottom one is 700 mm long, 3 (next from the bottom) are 670 mm, all the rest are 700 mm. The shelves are connected to the base board and to the outer board with round wooden spikes (dowels) on glue. To the bottom board with outside nail a leg equal in height to the baseboard. 2 x 3 upper shelves are placed on stands 100 mm wide. Each stand is attached (on both sides) to the shelves with 2 round wooden tenons with glue. 5 lower shelves and an outer board form a box. You can arrange a locker below. On the toilet side it has 2 doors, which are a frame made of slats with a sheet of decorative laminated paper fixed to it. The sheet is glued to the frame or nailed with small nails. If space is limited, the doors can be made on plastic shelves (sliding). 2 shelves above the cabinet are decorated with slats. All wooden surfaces The cabinet shelves are covered with stain and varnish PF-283. The ends of the boards are painted with dark varnish.
Rice. 2.
Equipment diagram for a separate sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-arm hanger;
7 - hooks and hangers.
Rice. 3.
Fragment of a sanitary unit.
Rice. 4.
An example of a bathroom interior with a luminous suspended ceiling.
Rice. 5.
Bathtub sealing:
a and b - frame;
c - plastic runners.
Rice. 6.
Sealing the washbasin:
a - with a drawer for dirty linen;
b - with easily removable shelves.
Rice. 7.
Mirror:
a - with decorative sconces;
b - with fluorescent lamps;
c - second option with fluorescent lamps.
Rice. 8.
Dressing table by the washbasin:
a - general view;
b - sectional fragment of the structure;
1 - frame;
2 - table top;
3 - tile;
4 - end panel.
Rice. 9.
Folding chair for the bathroom.
Encyclopedia "Housing". - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. A. A. Bogdanov, V. I. Borodulin, E. A. Karnaukhov, V. I. Shteiman. Wikipedia
TOILET- one or several premises in which sanitary fixtures are installed. With industrial methods, the construction of residential buildings S. u. often performed in the form of a manufactured product. on the z de san. technical cabins (see Volumetric block) ... Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary
Sanitary unit (bathroom)- 1.2.36. Sanitary unit (bathroom) sanitary hygienic room, having a toilet and washbasin...
One or several premises in which sanitary appliances for personal hygiene are installed.
In sanitary units of residential buildings, the set of sanitary fixtures and equipment is determined depending on the level of improvement and classification of the building. A sanitary unit in which all appliances are installed in one room is called combined; A bathroom consisting of two rooms, in one of which there is a toilet or a toilet with a separate washbasin. The permissible dimensions of a sanitary unit (with an appropriate set of equipment), accepted in mass housing construction, are shown in Fig. 1.
Sanitary fixtures are usually placed along one wall, which creates the best opportunities for installing piping.
Sanitary units, which therefore have heat loss, are equipped with heating and appliances. In houses not adjacent to external walls, the heating device is a heated towel rail. Sometimes electric power is used. infrared heaters that turn on while using the bathroom. Ventilation S. u. usually exhaust from natural. motivation. To the south districts for better ventilation of the north. located near the outer walls,
in which window openings are provided.
The comfort of a sanitary unit, therefore, largely depends on the availability of complementary equipment, the layout and placement of all parts (wall shelves, soap dishes, paper holders, hooks, built-in or wall-mounted toilet cabinets with a mirror, hangers for clothes and towels, a waterproof curtain near the bathtub, seats for undressing rooms, heated towel rails, lamps, containers for storing dirty linen, basins and other household items).
In the practice of construction in recent years, in order to increase industrial efficiency, a very effective method has become widespread - the installation of sanitary facilities using integrated elements of factory production: sanitary-technical. blocks, panels and cabins made of concrete, gypsum concrete, asbestos cement, as well as synthetic materials. materials - laminated plastics, polystyrene, etc.
In the bathrooms of public buildings, in addition to sanitary appliances, electric towels, centralized devices with the supply of liquid soap to each washbasin, watering taps for cleaning the premises and drains in the floor are installed. In a number of consumer service enterprises (trade, catering, etc.), the bathrooms have showers and women’s personal hygiene booths. S. u. societies and buildings are usually equipped with mechanical exhaust ventilation. an impulse that guarantees constant air exchange.
The enclosing structures of all types of bathrooms and their finishing are made of waterproof materials, making it easy to clean and wash the premises. The floors are provided with waterproofing. For covering floors in general. ceramics are used. or plastic tiles. The walls are being finished oil paint, are lined with various tiles (ceramic, plastic) or sheet materials, for example, enameled super-hard fiberboards, plastics, synthetics. films. All bathroom pipelines must be hidden under the cladding, and the room must have a minimum of corners, wests, niches and other places that are difficult to reach for cleaning.
TOILET- one or more premises in which sanitary appliances for personal hygiene are installed. In sanitary units of residential buildings, the set of sanitary appliances and equipment is determined depending on the level of improvement and classification of the building. A sanitary unit in which all appliances are installed in one room is called combined; a sanitary unit consisting of two rooms, in one of which there is a separate toilet or a toilet with a washbasin. Sanitary fixtures are usually placed along one wall, which creates the best opportunities for installing piping.
Sanitary units with significant heat losses are equipped with heating appliances. In sanitary facilities that are not adjacent to external walls, the heating device is a heated towel rail. Sometimes electric infrared heaters are used, which are turned on while using the bathroom. Ventilation of sanitary facilities is usually exhaust with natural impulse. In the southern regions, for better ventilation, sanitary facilities are located near the outer walls, in which window openings are provided.
The comfort of a sanitary unit largely depends on the availability of additional equipment, the layout and placement of all parts, such as wall shelves, soap dishes, paper holders, hooks, built-in or wall-mounted toilet cabinets with a mirror, hangers for clothes and towels, a waterproof curtain near the bathtub, seats for undressing rooms, heated towel rails, lamps, containers for storing dirty linen, basins and other household items.
In the practice of construction in recent years, in order to increase industrialization, a very effective method has become widespread - the installation of sanitary facilities using enlarged elements of factory production: sanitary blocks, panels and cabins made of concrete, gypsum concrete, asbestos cement, as well as synthetic materials - laminated plastics, polystyrene, etc. In the bathrooms of public buildings, in addition to sanitary appliances, electric towels, centralized devices with the supply of liquid soap to each washbasin, watering taps for cleaning the premises and drains in the floor are installed. In a number of consumer service enterprises (trade, public catering, etc.)
The bathrooms have showers and women's personal hygiene booths. Sanitary units of public buildings are, as a rule, equipped with mechanically driven exhaust ventilation, which guarantees constant air exchange. The enclosing structures of all types of bathrooms and their finishing are made of waterproof materials, making it easy to clean and wash the premises. The floors are provided with waterproofing. Ceramic or plastic tiles are mainly used to cover floors. The walls are finished with oil paint, lined with various tiles (ceramic, plastic) or sheet materials, for example, enameled super-hard fiberboards, plastics, synthetic films. All bathroom pipelines must be hidden under the cladding, and the room must have a minimum of corners, wests, niches and other places that are difficult to access for cleaning.
Rice. 58. The relationship between the kitchen in a farmhouse and other rooms
1 - kitchen; 2 - entrance to the apartment; 3 - basement; 4 - food pantry; 5 - bathroom, toilet; 6 - veranda (terrace); 7 - common room
Rice. 59. Kitchen of a rural residential building with a solid fuel stove, water supply and sewerage (a) and without water supply and sewerage (b)
1 - solid fuel stove; 2 - sink; 3 - cabinet with sink; 4 - refrigerator; 5 - desk-cabinet; 6 - corner cabinet-table; 7 - cabinet-table for fuel; 5 - cold cabinet-table near the outer wall under the window; 9 - cabinet-table for a water tank; 10 - dining table; 11 - chest-bench; 12 - stool
Sanitary facilities
3.5. Depending on the planning decisions and the size of the apartments in them
two main types of sanitary and hygienic premises are provided: a separate sanitary unit - a block of a bathroom and a restroom; combined sanitary unit.
Bathroom is a room designed to install a bathtub with dimensions of 1500× 700 or 1700× 750 mm and a washbasin with dimensions of at least 550× 420 mm. Installation in the bathroom is allowed shower tray with a plan dimension of at least 800× 800 mm. A restroom is a room designed for the installation of a toilet with a plan dimension of at least 670 × 400 mm. Combined sanitary unit - a room designed to install a bathtub, washbasin and toilet.
For more comfortable solutions, it is possible to install a toilet room - a room designed to install a toilet and washbasin with a plan dimension of at least 480 × 325 mm.
Combined bathrooms are used in one-room apartments or in apartments with four or more rooms, if available in these apartments toilet rooms. Other types of apartments have separate bathrooms. Examples of planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises, made in the form of volumetric sanitary and technical cabins of factory production, are shown in Fig. 60 and 61.
In bathrooms and combined bathrooms, provision must be made for placing a washing machine (maximum plan dimensions 600 × 500 mm). It is recommended to provide the possibility of permanently connecting the automatic washing machine to the hot water supply network. The installation diagram of an automatic washing machine in the bathroom is shown in Fig. 62. In some cases, with special technical justification, as well as for individual construction, sanitary and hygienic premises of increased comfort with an expanded range of equipment can be used. It is recommended to install separate faucets for the bathtub and washbasin instead of one faucet adopted in standard solutions, as well as bidets with a plan size of 640 × 350 mm and furniture containers. Examples of planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises of increased comfort are shown in Fig. 63.
In the absence of centralized systems of engineering equipment in rural settlements, it is allowed to provide decentralized systems of cold and hot water supply and sewerage in houses. If there is no hot water supply in the bathroom, space should be provided for a hot water column with a diameter of 0.46 m for gas and 0.32 m for solid fuel. When installing a backlash closet in a house, it is necessary to place the restroom near the outer wall, and in front of the restroom, organize an airlock with heated air (see Fig. 42, a, f).
Ventilation
3.7. In order to improve the microclimate and increase the economic performance of houses in subdistricts with dry, hot summers (IVA, IVG, IIIA) and in areas with calm weather conditions in subdistrict IVB, it is recommended to use horizontal-vertical ventilation of apartments, through light ventilation or ventilation shafts.
It is recommended to take the cross-sectional size of light ventilation shafts in terms of 1:20 - 1:10 of the ventilated area, i.e. the total area of all apartments ventilated through the shaft on each floor. In order to ensure minimal lighting in the utility rooms of apartments facing a shaft, the ratio of the smaller side of such a shaft in plan to its total height should not exceed 1:8.
The cross-sectional size of ventilation shafts for ventilating apartments is recommended to be taken in terms of 1:20 - 1:30 from the ventilated area with a ratio of the smaller side of the shaft in plan to the height of 1:8 or more (Fig. 64).
Horizontal-vertical ventilation of apartments can be organized
also through the internal staircase and oppositely oriented openings.
Rice. 60. Planning solutions for volumetric reinforced concrete sanitary cabins
a - separate bathroom; 6 - combined bathroom; in - toilet room
Rice. 61. Prospects for solving volumetric sanitary cabins combined with a ventilation unit
a - separate bathroom; c - combined bathroom
Rice. 62. Layout diagram of an automatic washing machine of maximum dimensions connected to engineering equipment
1 - washing machine; 2 - inlet hose; 3 - drain hose; 4 - power cord
Rice. 63. Planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises of increased comfort
a - separate bathroom; b - combined bathroom
Rice. 64. Scheme of the mine ventilation device in the four-apartment section
Rice. 65. Scheme of separate ventilation of residential and utility rooms of apartments
Rice. 66. Schemes of corner (a) and through (b) ventilation of one- and two-room apartments
Toilet
Rice. 1.
Equipment diagram for a combined sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-arm hanger;
7 - hooks and hangers.
WC(bathroom). Designed to maintain cleanliness and personal hygiene. The main devices that make up the equipment of a sanitary unit: washbasin, toilet, bidet; can be located either in one room (combined bathroom) or in different rooms (separate bathroom). The bathroom, as a rule, also houses a washing machine and a box for storing dirty laundry. When deciding on the interior of a sanitary unit, it is desirable that its equipment and finishing be combined in color, style and materials.
The most convenient are the so-called lying bathtubs with a length of 150 or 170 cm. Usually, in order to save space, a washbasin is installed near the bathtub, extending 10 cm above it, which should be at least 60 cm wide and have a trapezoidal or oval shape. Washbasins serving only for hand washing (located in the restroom) may be smaller in size. The toilet is usually installed as close to the wall as possible. The position of the bidet in relation to the sewer riser can be any; It is important to place it so that it takes up less space and is convenient to use. Diagrams of the bathroom equipment are shown in Fig. 1 (for combined) and 2 (for separate); a fragment of a sanitary unit is shown in Fig. 3.
It is best to lay the floor and walls in the bathroom with ceramic tiles. This is an ideal material as it tolerates moisture perfectly. On such a floor it is good to put, for example, terry rugs of suitable colors and patterns. You can also put terry covers on the toilet lid and tank, which looks very impressive. It is recommended to cover the walls in the bathroom to a height of 1.5 m from the floor; in this case, it is better to use tiles in light colors - blue, white, cream, but you can also use black, which gives a unique effect. If you add mirrors on the walls to this, it turns out both original and beautiful. The walls above the tiles are painted white or another color (depending on the color of the tiles). The ceiling in the bathroom can be made completely luminous. This is done using a suspended ceiling mounted from metal or plastic slats, between which frosted glass or plexiglass is inserted. Inside there are fluorescent lamps, which create the unique effect of a luminous ceiling surface (Fig. 4). If all this is supplemented with bright plastic parts - towel racks, shelves, and also a system of cabinets, then the interior will be advantageous in many ways.
The walls of the restroom are also tiled with ceramic tiles up to a height of 1.5 m (as in a bathroom) or up to the ceiling. Finishing tiles should be light colors or with colored patterns. It is better if the interior of the bathroom echoes the interior of the restroom.
Recently, various decorative materials are increasingly being used to decorate bathrooms: colored polymer films, multi-colored and painted facing tiles, as well as all kinds of plastics; They are available for sale in a wide range. The top of the walls and ceiling can be covered with film, combining colors. If there is no film, ordinary household oilcloth will do. The last option is especially convenient in wooden house, since at the same time the remaining rooms are isolated from moisture. But in this case, the bathroom must have very good ventilation. For painting wooden surfaces, it is best to use oil-based and other waterproof paints, and use water-based paints for coatings only in stone (brick, panel, etc.) houses.
Sealing bathtubs. The most common are 2 options for sealing a bathtub. The first is when the distance between the bathroom and the opposite parallel wall is large enough; the second when this passage is limited in width. In the first case, the sealing of the bathtub begins with the manufacture of a wooden frame from slats with a cross-section of 30x40 mm. The frame (Fig. 5) is a frame with 3 legs, connected with spikes and glue. The frame is attached to the walls with 4 screws. The upper edge of the frame is rounded; it fits under the lip of the bathtub. Along the edge of the frame, cutouts are made for technological bosses on the bathtub (bottom under the collar). There is a gap at the bottom of the frame, thanks to which you can stand close to the bathtub when doing laundry, cleaning the bathtub, etc. 2 panels made of decorative laminated paper of a suitable color are hung from the top of the frame on hinges. The bottom of the plastic should cover the bottom bar of the frame. All panels have magnetic or spring latches. One shield blocks the opening under the bathroom from its end, where large household items are stored. Another panel covers the shelves under the side wall of the bathtub. The bottom shelf is made at such a height that boxes of washing powders can be placed on it. On the top shelf there are stocks of soap, small-packaged powders, etc.
In the second case, plastic runners are installed on the frame (with shelves in the middle part), in which 2 identical doors made of decorative laminated paper can move. In the doors, using a brace and a hammer, 2 holes with a diameter of 25x30 mm are drilled, which serve as a kind of handles.
Sealing the washbasin. If the bathroom has a washbasin, you can make a cabinet under it. The result is another storage for necessary things and covers pipes that do not decorate the interior. First, a frame is assembled from slats with a cross-section of 30x40 mm using spikes and epoxy glue. Side panels made of plywood, chipboard or plastic are attached to the frame. WITH inside On the door you can install a box for dirty linen, in the walls and bottom of which ventilation holes are drilled (Fig. 6, A). If a linen box is not needed, then only easily removable shelves are made in the cabinet (Fig. 6, b).
Mirror. Above the washbasin you can hang a regular round (or other shaped) mirror in a beautiful frame and attach 2 decorative sconces on the sides (Fig. 7, A). But if you get a little creative, you can make your own, unique mirror. Here's one option. The original-shaped mirror is mounted on a varnished sheet of 8x10 mm. plywood, the ends of which are covered with dark paint. On the sides of the mirror install 2 homemade lamps with 15 W fluorescent lamps (Fig. 7, b). Lamps on a plywood sheet are secured with decorative plugs-brackets made of sheet brass. Before installation, the bracket plugs are polished and “gilded”. The inductor and capacitor of the lamp can be placed in any convenient place, the switch is next to the lamp, and it is also good to install a socket there to turn on the electric razor.
The second option for homemade mirror design is shown in Fig. 7, V. A mirror is attached to a polished sheet of plywood, and a fluorescent lamp is mounted on top (behind the visor). A switch and socket for an electric razor are installed in a convenient place.
Dressing table by the washbasin. Very convenient dressing table, covering the washbasin on both sides (Fig. 8, A). Naturally, such a table can be made if there is room for it. The basis is a frame made of bars with a cross section of 40×40 mm (Fig. 8, b). The tabletop is made of chipboard; in front, an end panel made of chipboard is reinforced, equal in width to the facing tile. The same tiles that cover the walls are laid on the countertop and end panel. There is a cabinet underneath the dressing table.
Folding chair. High chair base (seat) 10 mm sheet. plywood onto which foam rubber 15x20 mm thick is glued (Fig. 9). The chair can be covered with the same fabric from which the rug in front of the bath is made.
The high chair is secured to the wall with loops and 2 chains covered with the same material as the high chair itself. A latch is placed on the wall to hold the chair in the lowered position.
Fencing off the bath. In a combined bathroom, the toilet is sometimes separated from the bathtub by a screen (Fig. 10). The material for it can be all kinds of sheet plastics, decorative laminated paper, painted or textured asbestos-cement boards, Metelitsa glass, etc.
If space permits, the bathtub is separated from the toilet shelf-cabinet, (Fig. 11). It is better to make such a cabinet from boards, but it is also possible from chipboard covered with a decorative film “like wood”. The basis of the shelf-cabinet is a board 25 x 30 mm thick and 250 x 300 mm wide, running from the plinth to the ceiling. The base board is attached to the wall with screws (two at the top, bottom and in the middle). 7 x 8 shelves of the same width (250 x 300 mm) are attached to the base board: the bottom one is 700 mm long, 3 (next from the bottom) are 670 mm, all the rest are 700 mm. The shelves are connected to the base board and to the outer board with round wooden spikes (dowels) on glue. A leg equal in height to the baseboard is nailed to the bottom board from the outside. 2 x 3 upper shelves are placed on stands 100 mm wide. Each stand is attached (on both sides) to the shelves with 2 round wooden tenons with glue. 5 lower shelves and an outer board form a box. You can arrange a locker below. On the toilet side it has 2 doors, which are a frame made of slats with a sheet of decorative laminated paper fixed to it. The sheet is glued to the frame or nailed with small nails. If space is limited, the doors can be made on plastic shelves (sliding). 2 shelves above the cabinet are decorated with slats. All wooden surfaces of the cabinet are covered with stain and varnish PF-283. The ends of the boards are painted with dark varnish.
Rice. 2.
Equipment diagram for a separate sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-arm hanger;
7 - hooks and hangers.
Rice. 3.
Fragment of a sanitary unit.
Rice. 4.
An example of a bathroom interior with a luminous suspended ceiling.
Rice. 5.
Bathtub sealing:
a and b - frame;
c - plastic runners.
Rice. 6.
Sealing the washbasin:
a - with a drawer for dirty linen;
b - with easily removable shelves.
Rice. 7.
Mirror:
a - with decorative sconces;
b - with fluorescent lamps;
c - second option with fluorescent lamps.
Rice. 8.
Dressing table by the washbasin:
a - general view;
b - sectional fragment of the structure;
1 - frame;
2 - table top;
3 - tile;
4 - end panel.
"...1.2.36. Sanitary unit (bathroom) - a sanitary and hygienic room with a toilet and washbasin..."
Source:
"SanPiN 2.5.2-703-98. 2.5.2. Water transport. Inland and mixed (river-sea) navigation vessels. Sanitary rules and norms" (approved by Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated April 30, 1998 N 16) (together with " Sanitary standards noise on inland and mixed navigation vessels", "Sanitary standards of vibration on inland and mixed navigation vessels", "Methodology for measuring and determining the average values of microclimate parameters in ship premises")
- - one or more premises equipped with sanitary appliances for personal hygiene of a person - sanitary vazel - hygienické zařízení - Sanitärzelle - vizesblokk - ariun tsevriyn өрөө - węzeł sanitarny - grup sanitar...
- - see SANITARY UNITSource: Terminological dictionary for construction for 12...
Construction dictionary
- - one or several premises in which sanitary fixtures are installed, With industrial methods of building residential buildings S. u. often performed in the form of a manufactured product. at the sanitary-technical plant cabin...
Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary
- - "...: a sanitary and hygienic room, necessarily equipped with a toilet, washbasin, bath or shower. Additional devices and equipment are possible..." Source: "SP 118.13330.2012. Code of rules...
Official terminology
- - "...A combined bathroom is a room equipped with a toilet, a bathtub and a washbasin..." Source: DECREE of the Moscow Government dated 02.10.2001 N 894-PP "ON THE APPROVAL OF MOSCOW CITY BUILDING STANDARDS 3...
Official terminology
- - Borrowing from French, where sanitaire is derived from the Latin sanitas - “health”, from sanus - “healthy”...
Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Krylov
- - ...
- - R. bathroom/...
Spelling dictionary of the Russian language
- - san/green,...
Together. Apart. Hyphenated. Dictionary-reference book
- - SANITARY, oh, oh. 1. see sanitation. 2. Implementing sanitation measures; associated with sanitation requirements. C. supervision. S. doctor. Sanitary condition of the city. 3...
Dictionary Ozhegova
- - BATHROOM, - angry, husband. Abbreviation: sanitary unit - bathroom and toilet. Combined with. ...
Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
- - bathroom m. Sanitary unit: bathroom - washbasin, shower - and toilet...
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova
- - ...
Spelling dictionary-reference book
- - san "node, -zl"...
Russian spelling dictionary
- - ...
Word forms
- - noun, number of synonyms: 15 water closet latrine latrine otkhodnyak otkhodnyak slopnik sralnya slop toilet tubzik tybzik restroom knot hezalka heznik...
Synonym dictionary
"Sanitary unit (bathroom)" in books
A sanitary doctor is also a sanitary officer in Africa
From the book Dembel Album author Mazhartsev YuriSanitary doctor- he is also sanitary in Africa. The first vivid impression of Dakar was the arrival on board of the port authorities. I have never seen so many officials in one place in any other port in the world. There were about fifteen of them, since every port official
SANITARY CITY
From the book Russia in a concentration camp author Solonevich IvanSANITARY CITY However, the devil continued to involve us further. One day Boris came to our empty hut. He lived either with us or on Pogre, as it happened. We were built quite comfortably by camp standards. There was no light, but all evening the stolen goods burned brightly in the stove.
Hospital train
From the book Time Taught Us author Razumovsky Lev SamsonovichSanitary train Railway. Steam locomotive whistles. We are loaded onto a medical train. I lie on the top shelf and study the unusual surroundings with interest and surprise. Everything inside the car is white: white walls, white shelves, white racks between them rest on the white ceiling. My
Bathroom
From the book of Feng Shui author Konstantinova Ekaterina AlexandrovnaBathroom Bathroom and toilet are rooms that are important for every home, not only because they provide comfortable living conditions, but also because plumbing and sewer pipes in feng shui they mean the element of water. And water, as you know, symbolizes
Hospital train
From the book The Gray Overcoat author Smetanin Alexander IvanovichSanitary train “Hello, Serezhenka! Your letter got lost somewhere or there is no time for letters to you now, I don’t know, but I haven’t received an answer from you yet. There is no news from Timofey either. I inform you that I am alive, healthy (except for the fact that I walk with a stick) and in my own way happy,
Bathroom
From the book Golden Rules of Feng Shui. 10 simple steps to success, prosperity and longevity author Ogudin Valentin LeonidovichBathroom Toilet and bathroom Toilet and bathroom are often combined, but it would be better if they were in different rooms. If they are combined, you can separate them from each other with a screen or partition. Toilet and bathroom are considered indicators
4.1.7. Ascending Lunar Node in the sign of Libra. Descending Lunar Node in Aries
From the book Volume 7. Planetology, part IV. Pluto, Chiron, Proserpine, Lunar Nodes, Lilith and Lulu author Vronsky Sergey Alekseevich4.1.7. Ascending Lunar Node in the sign of Libra. Descending Lunar Node in Aries In the past, this was a strong personality with developed, almost frantic individualism. Depending on the fields of the horoscope, this is a former ruler, leader political party, commander, chief,
Bathroom
From the book Modern outbuildings and site development author Nazarova Valentina IvanovnaBathroom Installation of a bathroom is carried out on a base of eight concrete blocks or on a shallow one strip foundation made of reinforced concrete. The walls of the log house are made of rounded logs 0160 mm. The roofing is BRAAS cement-sand tiles. Ceilings and
Sanitary brother
From book Everyday life medieval monks Western Europe(X-XV centuries) by Moulin LeoSanitary Brother The Sanitary Brother (infirmarius) cared for the sick and was in charge of the monastery hospital. He was obliged to look after the garden where they grew medicinal herbs. He celebrated Mass daily and offered words of consolation. He had to endure without complaint
BATHROOM AND SANITARY UNIT
From the book Your Home author Gurova Alexandra SergeevnaBATHROOM AND SANITARY UNIT For ease of use, the bathroom and sanitary unit can be equipped additionally. So, you can install a special shelf above the washbasin to store toiletries. Such shelves different sizes, completed
Shared bathroom
From the book The Complete Encyclopedia household author Vasnetsova Elena GennadievnaCombined bathroom It must be said that organizing and decorating a bathroom correctly and conveniently is not so easy. Especially in traditionally cramped conditions: as a rule, the area of such premises is very modest, although a considerable number of plumbing items need to be installed there. Them
11. A knot tied on a rope weakens the strength of the “knot-rope” system (compared to the rated strength of one rope) by approximately:
From the book Promalp in answers to questions author Gofshtein Alexander Ilyich11. A knot tied on a rope weakens the strength of the “knot-rope” system (compared to the rated strength of one rope) by approximately: a. 30–60%,b. 20-50%,c. 5-
CONTENTS 1. STOPERS (STOP KNOTS) 1.1. “QUICK COOKING” STOPPER. CLINCH TYPE UNIT 1.2. STOPPER USING A “DANKEN” TYPE KNOT 2. KNOTS FOR TYING LINES 2.1. TRIPLE FISHING KNOT 2.2. “LOOP TO LOOP” CONNECTION 2.3. KNOT “BLOOD TIES” 2.4. DOUBLE SLIDING UNIT TYPE “GRINNER” 2
From the book The most reliable fishing knots author Okunevsky A A From the book Pictures of Paris. Volume I author Mercier Louis-Sebastien204. Sanitary Council It does not yet exist, but shouldn’t it be established? It would have to consist not of doctors - so dangerous in their routine, so ignorant of their science - but of chemists who have made so many wonderful new discoveries that promise
Clew knot and Sling knot
From the book Sea knots in everyday use by Jarman ColinClew Knot and Sling Knot Clew KnotThe clew knot is used to connect two ropes together. It is also similar to the Sling Knot: in both cases, one rope has a small connecting loop at the end. Then, when there is no permanent loop,