In practice household, as well as when fulfilling some orders for the production of various metal products, it is impossible to do without cold plastic deformation technology. These can be operations of bending, branding, cutting and punching, flattening, etc. In all such cases, it is better not to rely on the use of devices that accidentally come to hand, but to work on machines specially made with your own hands for cold forging.
Design and manufacture of homemade machines for metal forming
The easiest way for these purposes is to use the designs recommended on the Internet, the drawings of which are usually attached to the same sites. But, firstly, their authors often carry out their drawings specifically for own needs, and, secondly, they do not always indicate the materials for manufacturing individual parts and units for a similar unit. Therefore, if the future owner of a forging machine or press wants to use the manufactured equipment specifically for his parts, then the drawings should be developed independently.
An important issue is the source of energy, i.e., the drive for the machine components. If the equipment is intended for intensive use (for example, for a large forge workshop for hot or cold forging), then the issue is resolved in favor of an electric drive or the use of hydraulic power units. Machines with pneumatic drive are considered less reliable. However, in the opposite situations, any mechanical drive is not always considered optimal. The reason is this.
During hot (and, even more so, cold) deformation of metals, in most cases one has to deal with such an unpleasant phenomenon as inertia of the material (otherwise known as aftereffect). During bending, for example, this is elastic springing, and during hot stamping or extrusion, this is residual stresses that cause the workpiece to bend after stamping. In this regard, very precisely manufactured templates are required. Using them, you have to manually adjust the dimensions on the finished part to those required by the drawings.
Any external drive increases the deformation rate. Under such conditions, the elastic aftereffect increases sharply. Therefore, a machine with an electric drive must necessarily include a reduction gearbox. In turn, the gearbox increases the complexity of the machine. The reasons are as follows:
- reducer increases dimensions designs;
- The gearbox itself is a technically complex unit that should be ordered from a specialized workshop or purchased ( homemade gearbox will not have satisfactory accuracy);
- a gearbox of any type significantly reduces the efficiency of the machine, so a more powerful energy source will be required;
- the gearbox will significantly complicate Maintenance machine for cold forging or stamping.
For equipment with manual drive a gearbox is not required, and the elastic aftereffect of the deformed material is easily overcome by increasing the contact time of the tool with the workpiece. Thus, the optimal machine for these conditions will be a manually driven machine, the design and manufacture of which will be the basis for all subsequent recommendations.
Manual screw press for cold metal forging
With such a unit it is possible to perform a wide variety of operations of cold plastic deformation of metal: forging, bending, upsetting, embossing, molding, etc.
The operating principle of a screw press is as follows. The source of energy in this case is a massive flywheel in the form of a wheel, on the upper end of which there are handles. With their help, the flywheel can be accelerated to a certain rotation speed. In this case, the rotational kinetic energy is converted into working energy of metal deformation, and with an increase in the rotation speed and mass of a given part, the deformation force increases. It is more effective to increase the rotation speed rather than the flywheel mass. This makes it easier to make homemade unit, and reduces the overall dimensions of the machine.
The pulley/wheel rotates on the working shaft of the machine, at the opposite end of which a self-braking thrust or trapezoidal thread. With this threaded end, the shaft is connected to a nut, which is fixed in the slider - the actuator of the cold forging machine. In this way, a kind of “screw-nut” power transmission is obtained, which converts the rotation of the shaft into the translational movement of the slider. Any deforming tool – a punch – can be attached to its opposite surface. To increase directional accuracy, movement should be carried out in special triangular profile guides, which are mounted in a steel frame. It is the supporting part of the machine, gives it the necessary rigidity, and is the basis for installing the stationary part of the working tool - the matrix.
The advantages of a screw press are:
- Ability to control the size of the machine's working stroke.
- The ability to hold a deformable workpiece under load for any length of time.
- Changing the deformation force by adjusting the flywheel rotation speed.
- Technological versatility of the equipment, which can be used to perform almost all operations of cold forging and die stamping of metal products.
Manufacturing and assembly of a manual screw press
When developing drawings of such equipment, one should focus on the possibility of using standard components in the design. For example, to make a “screw-nut” assembly, you can use a screw jack, and you can convert a pulley or gear from a decommissioned belt drive.
It is necessary to make the frame especially carefully. With the screw drive parts in hand and the existing pulley or wheel in place, frame drawings can be prepared. Its assembly is performed in the following sequence:
- A rectangle is welded from a steel channel with the shelves inward, and the resulting internal dimension must be sufficient to accommodate the guides and a set of working tools. The width of the channel flange should be such that a “screw-nut” pair fits in there. The channel connections in both corners are additionally reinforced with bolts;
- a hole is drilled in the upper piece of the channel for installing a “screw-nut” pair, which is closed from above with a flange;
- A shaft is made from a calibrated steel rod, which at one end must have a keyed connection with a pulley (or wheel). at the other end the same thread is cut as on the screw. You can use a screw from a jack, if it is long enough. To facilitate production keyway the corresponding end is released and then hardened;
- make two pairs of triangular guides (you can use guides from a small decommissioned lathe), half of which is attached to the outer side flanges of the frame;
- a box (slider) is welded from a thick sheet strip, the horizontal dimensions of which must correspond to the transverse dimension of the frame after installation of the guides. the height of the box should allow, with its maximum movement, to perform the desired cold forging operations;
- a hole is made in the slider for attaching the shaft. you can implement the option of a rigid threaded fastening, or you can make an intermediate thrust bearing (the complexity of the assembly will increase, but it will be possible to wedge if the workpiece gets stuck in the die);
- after thorough check actual dimensions with drawing ones, a second pair of guides is attached to the side walls of the box, and the slide is mounted in the machine frame;
Two steel handles are installed at the upper end of the pulley/wheel to unwind the part. after that it is attached to the screw (shaft);
- check the operation of the assembled equipment: when the flywheel is untwisted, the screw should move freely, without jamming, and if there is no rotation, it should not fall under its own weight.
In the finished unit, the friction surfaces (guides, screw, nut) are generously lubricated, the machine is equipped with the necessary set of tools, and then a test deformation of the metal is performed.
Processing the harvest of berries and fruits is one of the most important tasks that not only farmers, but also owners have to solve personal plots. TO technical devices, which greatly facilitate this process, is a juice press, which allows you to quickly and without significant physical effort turn fruits and berries into tasty juice rich in vitamins. On modern market There is a wide variety of such devices, but those home craftsmen who want to save money on their purchase can easily make such a press with their own hands.
Operating principle and types
All presses for squeezing juice from various berries and fruits can be divided into four main types:
- mechanical devices;
- hydraulic presses;
- electrohydraulic models;
- pneumatic type devices.
Most common due to low cost and the simplicity of its design is a manual type mechanical press. One of the main elements of its design is a perforated basket, into which crushed fruits (pulp) or berries are placed to extract juice. Fruits and berries are squeezed in such a device using a piston, the lowering of which (and the creation of the required pressure) is carried out by rotating the handle that drives the screw mechanism of the press. The juice formed during the pressure of the piston flows through the holes in the basket into a special tray, from where it is then poured into another container.
To make a basket into which the raw materials for squeezing the juice are loaded, stainless steel sheets or hardwood (for example, beech) can be used. In the second case, the design of such a basket is a drainage grid consisting of two equal parts connected to each other by metal hoops.
Modernized and, accordingly, more efficient version hand-held device is a hydraulic press that can be used to extract juice from apples and berries. Instead of a perforated container, the design of such a press uses several drainage frames made of hard wood. The crushed raw materials from which it is necessary to obtain juice are placed in fabric bags and placed between such frames, on which significant pressure (1–5 tons) is applied from above, created by a manual hydraulic jack. Using such a squeezing mechanism, you can obtain up to 70% of the juice from the total mass of the processed crop.
A hydraulic press does not necessarily involve the use of a jack as a mechanism that creates the required pressure. Thus, in one of the designs of such presses, this mechanism uses an elastic barrel-membrane, which expands under the influence of water supplied to it under a pressure of 1.5–2 atm from a regular water supply network. Expanding, such a press membrane acts on fruits and berries placed in a perforated basket, squeezing out juice from them, which flows through holes in the walls of the basket into a storage tray.
A pneumatic press for squeezing juice also works according to the principle described above. The only difference is that the expansion of the membrane barrel, also present in its design, occurs not under the influence of the water filling it, but under the pressure of compressed air supplied from the compressor.
Because the individual species The raw materials from which the juice must be extracted are loaded into presses in crushed form; it is necessary to mention devices that help bring it into this state. The design of the simplest grinder is a steel drum, the walls of which are made in the form of a grater. Such a drum, which turns the raw materials loaded into it into fine crumbs, is placed in a casing with a loading neck. This simple and effective mechanism is activated by rotating a special handle. There are also more efficient and productive models of such units that are driven by an electric motor.
If we talk about the productivity of mechanical presses for squeezing juice, it is quite small and can be in the range of 10–30 l/hour. However, this performance is quite sufficient for devices used for domestic purposes.
In order to increase the percentage of juice yield from squeezed fruits and berries, as well as improve its quality, two methods are used:
- raw materials are loaded into presses in fabric bags that act as filters;
- squeezing out the juice is carried out using drainage grates made of wood, or using “pancakes” made of of stainless steel.
The use of drainage grates or “pancakes” ensures that juice is squeezed not only from the upper and lower parts, but also from the middle part of the compressed volume. The bags, as mentioned above, act as filters and allow you to immediately clear the pulp from the squeezed juice.
In cases where the productivity of a hand press for obtaining juice is not enough, electrically driven devices are used. An electric drive can be seen in a screw press for squeezing juice and in screw-type units that operate on the principle of a conventional meat grinder. In the first case, the press drive is a pair of “electric motor – hydraulic jack”.
In screw presses, which are structurally reminiscent of a conventional meat grinder, the drive electric motor is directly connected to the working element - the screw. This press is used for squeezing grapes; it is also an excellent press for fruits, berries and squeezing juice from tomatoes. It works according to the following principle: the loaded raw material is crushed by means of a screw and pressed through a sieve that has a conical shape. This form of the sieve allows not only high-quality extraction of juice, but also the removal of seeds. It should be borne in mind that grape or any other juice obtained from such a press has a large amount of pulp.
Prices for serial models of juice presses depend on several factors:
- loading basket volume;
- device type;
- material of manufacture;
- press productivity in terms of juice obtained per unit of time.
Naturally, the cheapest option is a small-capacity home press operating on a screw principle. The cost of a hydraulic juicer is slightly higher. Further on price category There is a press juicer for processing apples and other raw materials, operating using compressed air. The most expensive ones on the market today are membrane-type hydraulic presses.
DIY juice presses
It is quite possible to make a juice press with your own hands, the main thing is to find operating diagrams and drawings of such homemade products that will not cost special labor. Many of those home craftsmen who already have experience in making such equipment are happy to share photos of their devices and even videos showing the process of their manufacture and the principle of operation in detail.
Most often they try to make screw-type presses with their own hands. Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that it will not be possible to make a powerful screw for such a device without the involvement of a qualified turner. It can be made without third-party specialists if you replace the screw mechanism with a conventional jack (mechanical or hydraulic), which is in the arsenal of every car enthusiast.
The main supporting element of a homemade juice press is the frame. Its strength should be given Special attention. To make a frame into which the jack will rest and create the required pressure, you can use a square metal pipe with a cross section of 40x40 and a wall thickness of at least 3 mm. When calculating the height of the frame of your homemade press, you should take into account the total thickness of the drainage grids, pads and bags of raw materials, as well as the height of the jack. The width of the frame can be chosen arbitrarily - the main thing is that a storage tray for collecting the squeezed juice is placed in the opening created.
When creating a press for apples or grapes with your own hands, you should pay special attention to its stability. For effective solution For this task, three pieces can be welded to the bottom of the frame square pipe, which will serve as legs and ensure the stability of the unit. On top part legs, a stand made of boards or wood boards is placed on which the pallet will be placed.
Drainage grates, complete with which your apple, grape or any other press will work, should be made only from hardwood (oak or beech). The thickness of the planks from which such gratings will be made must be at least 20 mm.
The press basket is made of oak planks (you can buy parquet planks), tightened with corners with small gaps and secured with stainless steel screws.
The bags in which apple pulp or other raw materials for squeezing juice will be placed can be made from various fabrics (the main thing is that such fabric is highly durable and the bags that are sewn from it do not tear under the influence of high pressure created by the jack). As such fabrics, in particular, you can use ordinary burlap, jute, cotton and linen fabrics, chintz and synthetic materials.
If the trees in your country house bend during the season under the weight of fruits that require urgent processing, you should take care of having a juicer. This problem also arises among winemakers, among whom there are no people willing to process the berries manually. It is quite possible to make a juice press yourself, eliminating additional expenses for purchasing equipment, which is quite expensive today.
Operating principle
Screw type can be made according to different technologies, in this process, parts are used such as old containers, tanks from washing machines, as well as pots and boards. In some cases, structures are made using a jack. If we're talking about about a traditional device for obtaining juice, the device provides the following constituent elements: thrust mechanism, basket, pressing element, as well as base. The basket should be placed on the base, with a tray underneath for receiving juice. The last of these elements provides a gutter, under which a sap receiver is installed.
Making a press yourself
Initially, you will need to prepare the base and frame, which are made from metal profile. To make a juice press, you will need to form the upper part of the frame, which should be positioned horizontally. For this element, the most durable and rigid profile with thick walls is selected. This will prevent the components from bending under load. A sheet of plywood is laid on the base, on which the tank and tray are installed. In order to prevent frame corrosion, it is necessary to cover the surface with a layer of paint. As for plywood, it is treated with varnish.
Pallet preparation
If you decide to make a juice press yourself, then you will need to prepare a tray; the element of the same name from the pot can serve as it large diameter. All you need to do is cut a hole in the side and glue a plastic tube into it, with the help of which the juice will flow into the receiver. When working with a pallet, you need to act very carefully, since the product can easily break if it is accidentally caught or something is dropped on its surface. This also applies to operation, since the tube can be torn out due to negligence. In order not to worry about this, it is best to use a tray made of stainless steel.
Making a tank
A juice press must have a tank, which can be made by a craftsman from galvanized steel. When choosing a material, you should stock up on planed pine beams; it should not be glued; you can easily find such lumber in any hardware store. The tank will be made of timber, the cross-section of which should be 20x40 millimeters. The gap between the elements of this product should not be more than 5 millimeters. Due to the fact that wood contains essential oils, as well as resins and glycosides, it is best to use indifferent biological material like natural wood as the material for the tank; it can be birch, beech, or oak. As for pine, it is, as a rule, not used when making hand press for juice. This is due to the fact that the material contains resins, the content of which can somewhat affect the taste of the juice.
Making a piston
When making a juice press with your own hands, you will need to make a square from two layers of boards, which should be located perpendicular to each other. In this case, self-tapping screws should be used as fasteners. The resulting square will allow you to get a piston, and you will need to use an electric jigsaw. It is important to make an element that fits in diameter. The pistons should be rounded with a file, which will make it easier to install the elements in the tank. The piston is also made from biologically pure wood such as beech, birch or oak.
Work on the power element of the device
If you are making it for juice, then you can use a screw as a power element. A jack will also do. In order to obtain juice, it will be sufficient and which is capable of creating a force equivalent to two tons. Among other things, you should cut the planks that are placed under the jack; this requirement is explained by the fact that the piston stroke will not be enough for the height of the tank; the jack handle will rest against the edge of the barrel.
When making a screw manual juice press, you can use a traditional galvanized pin for the screw. A handle and a nut are welded to it, the latter of which will turn the screw. To filter the juice, you should use a fairly strong cloth that has a fine mesh. Polyester or lavsan are perfect.
Making a metal press
When making a juice press with your own hands, you can take as a basis steel structure. To do this, the master will need to have skills in turning or plumbing, and also have available and be able to manage welding machine. It is based stainless steel tank, borrowed from the old washing machine. Two cylindrical containers without a bottom are made from it. The diameter of these products should be 23 and 29 centimeters, and the height will be the same, equivalent to 24 centimeters. In a smaller diameter cylinder you need to make holes, arranging them in a checkerboard pattern. Their diameter should be 8 millimeters. The inner container, which will become the basket, is necessary for loading fruits, while the outer one is for juice.
When making a juice press, it is important to place a rectangular tray under the cylinders, which is made of stainless steel and has dimensions of 30x50 centimeters. The sides of the tray must have a triangular bevel, which is necessary for draining the juice. A 21 mm flange will act as a poisson. Its fixation must be rigid, it must be installed on bottom part rod.
If you decide to make a press for squeezing juice yourself, then you need to weld a head with a hole that is necessary for the lever to the top of the poisson. Using the last element, the thrust mechanism will be activated. A nut will work in tandem with the screw, which is installed on the U-shaped frame. The latter is fixed to the base; if necessary, it can be concreted into the floor or fixed to the table with screws.
Key secrets
If you use it to make a juice press, you won’t have to grind out the nut, but you need to ensure that the base is strong enough. It is against this that the mechanism that is designed to lift the car will rest. When using a frame-type wooden press, it will be possible to operate the device without a basket. Steel element a screw with a nut and grids will protrude into it, which are placed between the bags of raw materials.
There are various juice press designs. Basic homemade designs- these are screw or using a jack. A good option when using an air jack or a rubber bladder and a compressor. There are options for using a centrifuge, for example an old washing machine. Presses or juicers should not crush seeds and ridges located in the pulp. Depending on the expected volume of processing of raw materials into juice or wine, select the design of the juice extraction device you like. In any case, the cooking process is divided into two stages: 1. Preparation of pulp (grinding raw materials); 2. The actual extraction itself is the extraction of juice.
Screw Juice Press Designs
Typically a press consists of a pressing mechanism, a basket, a base and a pressing board. The basket serves as a receiver for the pulp and is installed on the base of the press. There is also a tray for draining juice. The bottom and side walls of the basket are lined with a whole piece of burlap without gaps. The ends of the fabric should hang over the edges of the basket. Then the pulp is loaded into the basket and covered with the ends of the burlap. Put on top wooden circle, onto which the press head is lowered.
Screw press with metal basket. Device: 1. Screw; 2. Bed; 3. Gutter for juice flow; 4. Basket
Screw press with woodbasket. Device: 1. Screw; 2. Bed; 3. Basket; 4. Juice drainage chute
Frame screw press . Device: 1. Packages with crushed raw materials; 2. Screw; 3. Bed; 4 Drainage grates; 5. Juice drainage chute
Design screw juice press is clear from the pictures. Here is an example of another homemade juice press. The press consists of two pipe stands with a diameter of 22 mm. A U-shaped profile bent from 3 mm steel is welded to the pipes on top. The height of the profile is chosen in such a way that a screw nut pressed into a steel sleeve can be freely placed inside. A clamp is welded to the bottom of each rack. Using these two clamps, the press is attached to the window sill. A head with a hole for the handle is welded to the screw on one side, and a stop is attached to the other, which compresses the raw material.
1 - clamp; 2 - stand pipe; 3 - crossbar; 4 - screw; 5 - emphasis; 6 - table; 7 - bushing with a pressed nut.
A leaky 3-4 liter enamel pan is suitable for collecting the squeezed juice (Fig. a). You need to drill a hole in the bottom and secure a fitting with a hose in it to collect the juice.
The basket (Fig. b) is made of stainless steel sheet 2 mm thick; bandage rings made of stainless wire with a diameter of 4 mm are welded to it on top and bottom. The rings allow the basket to fit “evenly” inside the pan. The walls of the pan are perforated with a drill with a diameter of 3 mm (in random order).
Gaskets (Fig. c), which separate portions of raw materials loaded into the basket, consist of two 2-mm stainless steel disks connected by spot welding. Holes are drilled in the disks using a drill with a diameter of 3 mm, and gaskets 4 mm thick are provided between the disks (the gaskets are also made of stainless steel). In general, all parts of the screw press are made of stainless steel; a tank from an old washing machine is quite suitable.
For getting good harvest-, as well as growing strawberries at home. The work of squeezing juice occurs as follows. The body of the press is secured with clamps on the windowsill in the kitchen (you can also install the press on the table). The screw with the stop is unscrewed until it stops. A basket is placed in the pan, and a gasket is placed on the bottom of the latter and a napkin made of durable fabric is placed on it. Next, crushed raw materials (apples, fruits, herbs, berries) in an amount of 0.5...1 kg are placed on a napkin. The napkin is folded into an envelope, the portion is covered with a drainage pad, on which another napkin is placed. There should be 3 such bags, and the top bag can rise 4...6 cm above the pan. Putting a gasket on the top bag, the pan is placed under the press screw. Yes, I completely forgot to mention the spacer (a circle of wood) that is placed under the basket (otherwise the pan may become unusable when the screw is tightened). When creating pressure, the screw must be turned slowly and smoothly, monitoring the release of juice. Having finished squeezing the juice, unscrew the screw upward, transfer the pan to the table, and remove the pulp from the napkins. Depending on the type and quality of the raw material, in one cycle, using a homemade screw press for squeezing juice, it is possible to squeeze out 1.2...1.8 liters of juice, and in 1 hour - up to 12...15 liters.
Wedge press for squeezing fruit juice
It is necessary to arrange a wooden trestle on four legs B, 1 m high. At the top, these legs are connected by a thick (9-10 cm) board A, the width of which is 30 cm and the length is about 1 m. We make a longitudinal slot D in the board, 10-12 cm wide and long 40 cm. Into this slot we insert two boards B (thickness 9-10 cm), hewn at the top and bottom. At the bottom, we tie both boards with an iron bracket or, even simpler, with a thick rope. In order for the boards to hold and not fall into the slot, we pass iron pins or wooden bushings in their upper part. Then we make several wedges from hardwood different thicknesses- and the press is ready. It works like this: spreading the boards B apart, inserting a bag of strong canvas filled with pulp between them. Then, driving wedges into the slot, we squeeze the boards. This way we compress the pulp tightly. The juice flows down into a placed tub or pot.
Making a simple juicer using the lever principle
We take two birch boards, the length of the main board is 1 m, width - 300 mm, thickness - 100 mm. The second board, which serves as a lever, is 1.5 m long, 170 mm wide and 20 mm thick. In the main board we make grooves for juice drainage (Fig. a) 10-15 mm deep and 300 mm long. We strengthen this board obliquely either on separate racks or on a special table. We attach a second lever board to it using a hinge and a spacer board (Fig.b). We got a lever press. We put 4-5 apples or some other fruits in the opening, press the lever, and the juice flows down the grooves into the placed container.
Finally, examples the most simple devices for squeezing juice not requiring description. For home winemakers - a guide to making homemade grape wine
The end of summer, the beginning of autumn is the time to collect fruits, vegetables, apples, and grapes. And if the harvest is large, then the usual electric juicer won't cope. In this case, the garden needs a press for squeezing juice from fruits. Now there are a lot of offers on the Internet for various presses and crushers, hydraulic, screw, pneumatic, wooden, but the biggest disadvantage of these products is the high price. Making a juice press with your own hands is not difficult; you need a little skill as a mechanic or welder. And the cost of a homemade press for grapes or apples is several times lower than a purchased one.
For a winemaker, such a device will make his work easier and save a lot of time. The simplest version of a home juicer is based on squeezing juice from the pulp of fruits or vegetables. The apples are first crushed with special crushers, a grape crusher is used, and then the juice is squeezed out of this mass. With this technology, pure juice without pulp comes out, ready for fermentation, or for pasteurization and further storage.
Simple DIY grape press
A screw press for grapes consists of: a base - a frame, a basket, a pressing device (shaft or jack), and a pressing piston. Other options for manufacturing the device are also possible. When choosing a material, it is not necessary to follow the description exactly and you can make your own drawings of the Persian.
Tools and materials for the press:
- Welding machine;
- Drill;
- Bulgarian;
- Tank – 50 liters;
- Metal channel 10-12 mm – 150 mm;
- Metal corner 40-50 mm – 3200 mm;
- Oak slats 40x25x400 mm – 50 pcs;
- Fabric – 1 sq.m;
- Jack – 1 piece;
- Faucet – 1 piece;
- Line 2 mm – 3 m.
How to make a juice press
1.Frame. The foundation is one of the most important elements press, the frame must be a very strong structure; the entire load during operation falls on it. The side parts of the press are made of metal corners 85 mm high. The upper and lower parts of the frame must be made from a channel 70 cm long; the structure can be further strengthened by welding gussets between the corners and the channel. All parts are welded at all points of contact. 
If a screw press design is used, then a nut for the screw must be welded to the upper channel. In addition to the metal frame, you can use wooden boards, thickness from 5 centimeters. The boards are fastened with 10-12 mm studs and tightened with nuts. Wooden press It’s easier to make, but the design can’t withstand heavy loads; for a small harvest, it’s quite a suitable option. The finished frame must be sanded and painted with a special metal paint. 
2.Abs tank.
This design uses a 50 liter stainless steel brew tank. A hole is drilled in the lower part of the boiler tank and a stainless steel tap is installed. Instead of a tank, you can use a regular saucepan of a suitable size. 
A grate made of oak slats is inserted into the container. The blanks are cut from oak boards (you can use parquet board), their height is equal to the height of the pan. Along the edges at the ends of the slats, holes of 2-3 mm are drilled through them and a fishing line or stainless wire is passed through them. By connecting all the planks, you get a kind of basket. 
There should be a gap of 2-3 mm between the slats, through which fruit juice will ooze. You can do without a pan at all by connecting the boards with galvanized steel hoops and placing the basket on a tray into which the squeezed liquid will drain. 
A plastic pallet from a large one can be used as a pallet flower pot or stainless steel kitchen sink. There are designs where the grape press is framed, there is no basket, the pulp is placed in fabric between drainage grates in several layers and pressed. 
3.Piston. The piston for the press needs to be made from the remaining oak boards, folding them crosswise, use a compass to draw a circle the right size and cut electric jigsaw. Twist the slats with stainless steel screws or tie them with copper, stainless wire. If you have a log on your farm, you can saw off a circle of the required diameter and height. 
4.Power mechanism.
The apple press uses a jack or screw as a pressing mechanism. In a device for squeezing juice, a hydraulic car jack with a lifting capacity of 3 tons will be quite sufficient. For more confident work, you can use jacks that create a force of more than 3 tons. A screw for a press is more difficult to find, but every car enthusiast has a jack. You need to cut some boards under the jack to place it during the spin cycle. 
5.Filtration cloth. To filter the juice from apple fruits, you need a durable fabric that can allow moisture to pass through. The easiest option is to take a nylon sugar bag. Also suitable for filtration are nylon, lavsan, propylene, polyester, or use durable cotton material, dense flax, so as not to tear under pressure.
So, the manual fruit press is ready, how to squeeze out the juice? Insert the basket into the tank and place the filter material inside. Soft fruits, berries, citrus fruits are crushed without pre-treatment. Apples, carrots or other hard fruits must be crushed in a crusher or using pulp from a juicer, loaded into a basket, and covered with a lid.
Install the jack, substitute the receiving container, open the tap and slowly apply pressure. There is no need to try to squeeze out all the juice right away; you may damage the frame or the fabric will tear. Make three or four pumps, wait a while, then another three or four pumps, and so on. One bucket of apple pulp from a juicer yields 3-4 liters of pure juice; the crushed mass yields a little more.