It is difficult not to notice how the stability of electricity supplies to suburban facilities differs from the provision of urban buildings and enterprises with electricity. Admit that you, as the owner of a private home or cottage, have more than once encountered interruptions, associated inconveniences and damage to equipment.
Listed negative situations together with the consequences, they will no longer complicate the lives of lovers of natural spaces. Moreover, with minimal labor and financial costs. To do this you just need to do wind generator electricity, which we talk about in detail in the article.
We have described in detail the options for manufacturing a system that is useful in the household and eliminates energy dependence. According to our advice, an inexperienced person can build a wind generator with their own hands. House master. This practical device will help to significantly reduce your daily expenses.
Alternative energy sources are the dream of any summer resident or homeowner whose plot is located far from central networks. However, when we receive bills for electricity consumed in a city apartment and look at the increased tariffs, we realize that a wind generator designed for household needs, it wouldn't hurt us.
After reading this article, perhaps you will make your dream come true.
A wind generator is an excellent solution for providing a country property with electricity. Moreover, in some cases, installing it is the only possible solution.
In order not to waste money, effort and time, let's decide: are there any external circumstances that will create obstacles for us during the operation of the wind generator?
To provide electricity to a summer house or small cottage, it is enough, the power of which will not exceed 1 kW. Such devices in Russia are equated to household products. Their installation does not require certificates, permits or any additional approvals.
The principle of operation of a wind turbine
A wind generator or wind power plant (WPP) is a device that is used to convert the kinetic energy of wind flow into mechanical energy. The resulting mechanical energy rotates the rotor and is converted into the electrical form we need.
The principle of operation and device are described in detail in the article, which we recommend that you read.
The wind turbine includes:
- blades forming a propeller,
- rotating turbine rotor,
- the generator axis and the generator itself,
- an inverter that converts alternating current into direct current, which is used to charge batteries,
- battery.
The essence of wind turbines is simple. As the rotor rotates, a three-phase alternating current is generated, which then passes through the controller and charges battery direct current. The inverter then converts the current so that it can be consumed to power lights, radios, TVs, microwaves, and so on.
The detailed design of a wind generator with a horizontal axis of rotation allows you to clearly imagine which elements contribute to the conversion of kinetic energy into mechanical, and then into electrical
In general, the operating principle of a wind generator of any type and design is as follows: during the rotation process, three types of force effects occur on the blades: braking, impulse and lifting.
This diagram of the operation of a wind turbine allows you to understand what happens to the electricity produced by the operation of the wind generator: part of it is accumulated, and the other is consumed
The last two forces overcome the braking force and set the flywheel in motion. On the stationary part of the generator, the rotor generates a magnetic field to electricity followed the wires.
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Classification of types of energy generators
There are several criteria by which wind power plants are classified. How to choose the best device option for a country property is described in detail in one of our websites.
So, windmills differ in:
- number of blades in the propeller;
- blade manufacturing materials;
- the location of the axis of rotation relative to the surface of the earth;
- pitch feature of the screw.
There are models with one, two, three blades and multi-blades.
Products with a large number of blades begin to rotate even in light winds. They are usually used in such work when the rotation process itself more important than receiving electricity. For example, to extract water from deep wells.
It turns out that wind generator blades can be made not only from hard materials, but also from affordable fabric
The blades can be sail or rigid. Sailing products are much cheaper than rigid ones, which are made from metal or fiberglass. But they have to be repaired very often: they are fragile.
Regarding the location of the axis of rotation relative to the earth's surface, there are horizontal models. And in this case, each variety has its own advantages: vertical ones react more sensitively to every breath of wind, but horizontal ones are more powerful.
Wind generators are divided according to step characteristics into models with fixed and variable pitch. The variable pitch allows you to significantly increase the rotation speed, but this installation has a complex and massive design. Wind turbines with a fixed pitch are simpler and more reliable.
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Wind-electric installation of rotor type
Let's figure out how to make a simple windmill with your own hands vertical axis rotary type rotation. This model may well meet the electricity needs garden house, various outbuildings, and also illuminate in the dark local area and garden paths.
The blades of this rotor-type installation with a vertical axis of rotation are clearly made from elements cut from a metal barrel
Our goal is to produce a wind turbine with a maximum power of 1.5 kW.
To do this we will need the following elements and materials:
- 12 V car generator;
- 12 V gel or acid battery;
- semi-hermetic switch of the “button” variety for 12 V;
- converter 700 W – 1500 W and 12V – 220V;
- a bucket, large saucepan or other large container made of of stainless steel or made of aluminum;
- car charge or battery charging warning lamp relay;
- car voltmeter (you can use any one);
- bolts with nuts and washers;
- wires with a cross section of 4 square mm and 2.5 square mm;
- two clamps for securing the generator to the mast.
In the process of completing the work, we will need a grinder or metal scissors, a construction pencil or marker, a tape measure, wire cutters, a drill, a drill, keys and a screwdriver.
You can also assemble a controller for a system that generates electricity yourself. The article will introduce you to the rules and manufacturing schemes, the contents of which we recommend that you familiarize yourself with.
Starting stage of installation manufacturing
We start making a homemade windmill by taking a large metal container cylindrical shape. Usually, old boiling water, a bucket or pan is used for this purpose. This will be the basis for our future wind turbines.
Using a tape measure and a construction pencil (marker), apply markings: divide our container into four equal parts.
When making cuts in accordance with the instructions contained in the text, under no circumstances cut through the metal all the way through.
The metal will have to be cut. For this you can use a grinder. It is not used for cutting containers made of galvanized steel or painted sheet metal, because this type of metal will certainly overheat. For such cases, it is better to use scissors. We cut out the blades, but do not cut them all the way through.
Simultaneously with the continuation of work on the tank, we will remodel the generator pulley. In the bottom of the former pan and in the pulley you need to mark and drill holes for the bolts. The work at this stage must be treated with the utmost care: all holes must be located symmetrically so that no imbalance occurs during the rotation of the installation.
This is what the blades of another design with a vertical axis of rotation look like. Each blade is manufactured separately and then mounted into a common device
We bend the blades so that they do not stick out too much. When we perform this part of the work, we be sure to take into account which direction the generator will rotate.
Usually the direction of its rotation is clockwise. The bending angle of the blades affects the area of influence of air flows and the speed of rotation of the propeller.
Now you need to attach a bucket with blades prepared for work to the pulley. We install the generator on the mast, securing it with clamps. All that remains is to connect the wires and assemble the circuit. Be prepared to write down the wiring diagram, wire colors, and pin markings. You will certainly need it later. We fix the wires on the mast of the device.
To connect the battery, you need to use wires with a cross section of 4 mm². It is enough to take a segment of 1 meter in length. That's enough.
And in order to connect a load to the network, which includes, for example, lighting and electrical devices, wires with a cross-section of 2.5 mm² are sufficient. Install the inverter (converter). For this you will also need a 4 mm² wire.
Advantages and disadvantages of the rotary windmill model
If you did everything carefully and consistently, then this wind generator will work successfully. In this case, no problems will arise during its operation.
If you use a 1000 W converter and a 75A battery, this installation will provide electricity to both video surveillance devices and burglar alarm and even street lighting.
The advantages of this model are:
- economical;
- elements can be easily replaced with new ones or repaired;
- no special conditions are required for operation;
- reliable in operation;
- provides complete acoustic comfort.
There are also disadvantages, but not too many: the performance of this device is not very high, and it has a significant dependence on sudden gusts of wind. Air currents can simply disrupt an improvised propeller.
In order to accurately select the model of wind generator of the required power before starting work, we recommend using the formulas given in the recommended article.
Assembly of an axial wind turbine on neodymium magnets
Since neodymium magnets appeared in Russia relatively recently, axial wind generators with iron-free stators began to be made not so long ago.
The appearance of magnets caused a rush of demand, but gradually the market became saturated, and the cost of this product began to decline. It became available to craftsmen, who immediately adapted it to their various needs.
Axial wind turbine on neodymium magnets with a horizontal axis of rotation – more complex design, requiring not only skill, but also certain knowledge
If you have a hub from an old car with brake discs, then we will take it as the basis for the future axial generator.
It is assumed that this part is not new, but has already been used. In this case, it is necessary to disassemble it, check and lubricate the bearings, thoroughly clean away sedimentary deposits and all rust. Ready generator don't forget to paint.
The hub with brake discs, as a rule, goes to craftsmen as one of the components of an old car that has been scrapped, and therefore needs thorough cleaning
Distributing and securing magnets
Neodymium magnets must be glued to the rotor disks. For our work, we will take 20 magnets 25x8mm.
Of course, you can use a different number of poles, but the following rules must be observed: the number of magnets and poles in a single-phase generator must match, but if we are talking about a three-phase model, then the ratio of poles to coils should be 2/3 or 4/3 .
When placing magnets, the poles alternate. It's important not to make a mistake. If you are not sure that you will place the elements correctly, make a hint template or apply the sectors directly to the disk itself.
If you have a choice, buy rectangular rather than round magnets. In rectangular models, the magnetic field is concentrated along the entire length, and in round ones - in the center.
Opposing magnets must have different poles. You won't confuse anything if you use a marker to mark them with minus or plus signs. To determine the poles, take magnets and bring them close to each other.
If the surfaces attract, put a plus on them, if they repel, then mark them with minuses. When placing magnets on disks, alternate poles.
The magnets are installed in compliance with the rule of alternating policies, plasticine sides are located along the outer and inner perimeters: the product is ready to be filled with epoxy resin
To securely fasten the magnet, you need to use high-quality and as strong glue as possible.
To enhance the reliability of fixation, you can use epoxy resin. It should be diluted as indicated in the instructions and filled with it on the disc. The resin should cover the entire disc, but not run off it. You can prevent the possibility of dripping if you wrap the disk with tape or make temporary plasticine barriers made of a polymer strip around its perimeter.
Single-phase and three-phase generators
If we compare single-phase and three-phase stators, the latter will be better. A single-phase generator vibrates when loaded. The cause of vibration is the difference in the amplitude of the current, which arises due to its inconsistent output at a time.
The three-phase model does not have such a disadvantage. It is characterized by constant power due to phases that compensate each other: when the current increases in one, it decreases in the other.
According to the testing results, the output of the three-phase model is almost 50% greater than that of the single-phase model. Another advantage of this model is that in the absence of unnecessary vibration, acoustic comfort increases when the device operates under load.
That is, a three-phase generator practically does not hum during its operation. When vibration is reduced, the service life of the device logically increases.
In the fight between three-phase and single-phase devices, three-phase invariably wins, because it does not hum so much during operation and lasts longer than single-phase
Rules for winding a reel
If you ask a specialist, he will say that before winding the coils, you need to perform a careful calculation. A practitioner in this matter will rely on his intuition.
We chose a generator that was not very fast. Our charging procedure for a twelve-volt battery should begin at 100-150 rpm. Such initial data require that the total number of turns of all coils be 1000-1200 pieces. We just have to divide this figure between all the coils and determine how many turns there will be on each.
A windmill at low speeds can be more powerful if the number of poles increases. The frequency of current oscillations in the coils will increase. If you use a larger cross-sectional wire to wind the coils, the resistance will decrease and the current will increase. Don't lose sight of the fact that higher voltage can "eat up" current due to winding resistance.
The winding process can be made easier and more efficient if you use a special machine for this purpose.
It is not at all necessary to do such a routine process as winding coils by hand. A little ingenuity and an excellent machine that can easily cope with winding are already there
The performance characteristics of homemade generators are greatly influenced by the thickness and number of magnets that are located on the disks. The total total power can be calculated by winding one coil and then spinning it in a generator. The future power of the generator is determined by measuring the voltage at specific speeds without load.
Let's give an example. With a resistance of 3 ohms and 200 rpm, 30 volts comes out. If you subtract 12 volts of battery voltage from this result, you get 18 volts. Divide this result by 3 ohms and get 6 amperes. The volume is 6 amperes and will go to the battery. Of course, in the calculation we did not take into account the losses in the wires and on the diode bridge: the actual result will be less than the calculated one.
Usually the coils are made round. But, if you stretch them out a little, you will get more copper in the sector and the turns will be straighter. If you compare the size of the magnet and the diameter of the inner hole of the coils, then they should match each other or the size of the magnet may be slightly smaller.
Ready-made coils should correspond in size to the magnets: they should be slightly larger than the magnets or equal in size to them
The thickness of the stator we make must be correctly related to the thickness of the magnets. If the stator is made larger by increasing the number of turns in the coils, the interdisk space will increase and the magnetic flux will decrease. The result may turn out to be this: the same voltage is generated, but due to the increased resistance of the coils, we will receive less current.
Plywood is used to make the stator mold. However, sectors for coils can be marked on paper using plasticine as borders.
If you place fiberglass fabric on top of the coils at the bottom of the mold, the strength of the product will increase. Before application epoxy resin You need to lubricate the mold with Vaseline or wax, then the resin will not stick to the mold. Some people use tape or film instead of lubricant.
The coils are fixed to each other. In this case, the ends of the phases are brought out. The six wires brought out should be connected in a star or triangle. Rotating assembled generator hand, they test it. If the voltage is 40 V, then the current will be approximately 10 amperes.
Final assembly of the device
The length of the finished mast should be approximately 6-12 meters. With such parameters, its base must be concreted. The windmill itself will be fixed to the top of the mast.
In order to be able to reach it in the event of a breakdown, it is necessary to provide a special mount at the base of the mast, which will allow the pipe to be raised and lowered using a hand winch.
The mast with a wind generator attached to it rises high, but the prudent craftsman made a special device that allows the structure to be lowered to the ground if necessary
To make a screw, you can use a pipe PVC diameter 160 mm. It will be used to cut a two-meter propeller consisting of six blades from its surface. It is better to develop the shape of the blades yourself experimentally. The goal is to increase torque at low rpm.
The propeller should be protected from excessive wind. To solve this problem, use a folding tail. The generated energy is stored in batteries.
For the attention of our readers, we have provided two options for do-it-yourself 220 V wind generators that use increased attention not only owners of country real estate, but also ordinary summer residents.
Both wind turbine models are effective in their own way. Especially good results these devices can be demonstrated in steppe areas with frequent and strong winds. They are efficient enough to be used in organizing and supplying electricity. And they are not so difficult to build with your own hands.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
This video shows an example of a wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation. The author of the device explains in detail the nuances of the design of the installation, made by hand, draws the audience's attention to mistakes that may be made in the process self-made wind generator, gives practical advice.
Please note that getting to the device, raised to a decent height, is not so easy. Reinstalling such a wind turbine will most likely be problematic. Therefore, the folding design of the mast in this case will not be superfluous at all.
This video shows a rotary windmill with a vertical axis of rotation. This installation is located low, made in an original way and is highly sensitive: even a slight wind sets the blades of the device in motion.
If you live in an area where winds are not considered a rare occurrence, the use of this particular source of alternative energy can be the most effective for you. The above examples of self-made windmills prove that making them with your own hands is not so difficult. Wind energy is a publicly accessible and renewable resource that can and should be used.
We invite site visitors interested in the topic of the article to express their opinions in the comments and ask questions that arose while reading the material.
Unfortunately, electricity supply organizations often fail to provide private households with electricity. Due to power outages, owners of dachas and country cottages forced to turn to alternative sources of electricity. The most common of them is a generator.
Features of the electric generator and its scope
An electric generator is a mobile device used to convert and store electricity. Operating principle of this device It is simple, which allows you to make it yourself. A simple generator circuit can be easily found on the Internet.
A hand-made unit will not be a worthy competitor to a product assembled at a factory, but it is optimal solution, if you want to save a significant amount of money.
Electric generators have a fairly wide range of applications. As can be seen in the photo of homemade generators, they can be used in wind power plants, in welding work, and also as a stand-alone device for supporting electricity in private homes.
The generator is turned on by the incoming voltage. To do this, the device is connected to a power source, but this is not rational for a mini-power plant, because it must generate electric current, and not consume it to start.
As a result, models equipped with the ability to sequentially switch capacitors or a self-excitation function are especially popular.
Nuances you need to know to create an electric generator
Buying a generator will be quite expensive. Therefore, more and more zealous owners are resorting to making the unit with their own hands. The simplicity of the operating principle and design solution allows you to assemble an electricity generating device in just a couple of hours.
How to make a generator with your own hands?
The first stage is to configure all equipment so that the rotation speed exceeds the speed of the electric motor. After measuring the amount of rotation of the motor, add another 10%. You will get the speed at which the electric generator should operate.
Step two is to customize the generator using capacitors. It is very important to correctly determine the required capacity.
The third step is installing capacitors. Here it is necessary to strictly follow the calculation. In addition, you need to make sure the quality of the insulation. That's all - the generator assembly is complete.
Master class on making an asynchronous type generator
One of the most common types of homemade generators is an asynchronous electric generator. This is explained by its simple operating principle and good technical characteristics.
What do you need to make such a generator yourself? First of all, you will need an induction motor. His distinctive feature are short-circuited turns instead of a magnet on the rotor. You will also need capacitors.
Manufacturing instructions
Connect a voltmeter to any of the motor windings and spin the shaft. The voltmeter will show the presence of voltage, which is taken due to the residual magnetization of the rotor.
This is not a generator yet. Let's try to create a magnetic field using rotor turns. When the electric motor is turned on, the short-circuited turns of the rotor are magnetized. A similar result can be obtained when the device is operated in the “generator” mode.
Let's put a shunt on one of stator windings using a non-electric capacitor. Let's unwind the shaft. The value of the voltage that appears will eventually become equal to the rated voltage of the motor. Next, we will bypass the remaining windings of the power device using a capacitor and connect them.
The generator is considered a potentially dangerous device, therefore handling it requires special care. It must be protected from precipitation and mechanical shock. It is best to make a special casing.
If the device is autonomous, then it must be equipped with sensors and instruments to record the necessary data. It is also advisable to equip the device with an on/off button.
If you have the slightest doubt about your abilities, it is better to refuse to make a generator yourself.
Photos of DIY generators
What can you use to assemble an electric generator with your own hands?
Unfortunately, domestic power supply organizations do not keep their word. Their contracts signed with consumers are worthless. Power supply outside big cities unstable, the quality of the supplied current is low (meaning voltage), so residents of small towns and villages always have candles and kerosene lamps in stock, and the most advanced ones install gasoline power generators. In this article, another option will be proposed, which will be indicated by the question, how to make an electric generator with your own hands? Let's look at one version of this device.
Electric generator from a walk-behind tractor
Residents of suburban villages have been using walk-behind tractors for a long time. After all, today this is, so to speak, the most reliable assistant, without which work in the garden or garden cannot be carried out. True, like all tools of this type, the walk-behind tractor fails. It can be restored, but as practice shows, it is better to buy a new one.
The owners of the instrument are in no hurry to say goodbye to it, so every owner has country house There is one old copy in the closet. It will be possible to use it in the design of an electric generator with a voltage of 220/380 volts. It will create torque to the current generator, which can be used as an ordinary asynchronous motor. In this case, a powerful electric motor will be required (at least 15 kW, with a shaft speed of 800-1600 rpm). Why is the electric motor so powerful?
Do homemade generator for a couple of light bulbs there is no point, because the issue of completely providing a country house with electricity is being resolved. But with a low-power electric motor, you won’t be able to get enough electricity. Although it all depends on the total power household appliances and home lighting. After all, in small dachas There is nothing except a refrigerator with a TV. Therefore, the advice is to first calculate the power of the house, then choose an electric motor-generator.
Electric generator assembly
So, to assemble a 220-volt gasoline generator with your own hands, you need to install a walk-behind tractor and an electric motor on the same frame so that their shafts are parallel. The thing is that the rotation from the walk-behind tractor to the electric motor will be transmitted using two pulleys. One will be installed on the shaft of a gasoline engine, the second on the shaft of an electric one. In this case, it is necessary to select the correct pulley diameters. It is these dimensions that determine the rotational speed of the electric motor. This indicator must be equal to the nominal one, which is indicated on the equipment tag. A slight upward deviation of 10-15% is welcome.
When the mechanical part of the assembly is completed, the pulleys connected by the belt will be installed, you can move on to the electrical part.
Electric generator device - First, the windings of the electric motor are connected in a star configuration.
- Secondly, the capacitors connected to each winding must form a triangle.
- Thirdly, the voltage in such a circuit is removed between the end of the winding and the midpoint. It is here that a current of 220 volts is obtained, and between the windings 380 volts.
Attention! Installed in electrical diagram capacitors must have the same capacitance. In this case, the size of the capacitance is selected depending on the power of the electric motor. It is this ratio that will support the correct operation of the current generator itself, but especially its start-up.
For information, we give the ratio of motor power to capacitor capacity:
- 2 kW – 60 µF.
- 5 kW – 140 µF.
- 10 kW – 250 µF.
- 15 kW – 350 µF.
Please note some useful tips given by experts.
- If the electric motor gets hot, then it is necessary to replace the capacitors with elements with reduced capacity.
- Typically, for homemade electric generators, capacitors with a voltage of at least 400 volts are used.
- Usually one capacitor is enough for a resistive load.
- If there is a need to use all three phases of the electric motor to power the house, then it is necessary to install a three-phase transformer in the network.
And one moment. If you are faced with the problem of how to organize heating using a homemade electric generator, then the engine from the walk-behind tractor here will be small (meaning the power of the device). The best option– this is an engine from a car, for example, from an Oka or a Zhiguli. Many may say that such equipment will cost a pretty penny. Nothing like this. Today you can buy a used car for just pennies, so the costs will be minimal.
Advantages and disadvantages
So, what are the advantages of this device:
- You console yourself with the thought that you did it yourself. That is, you are proud of yourself.
- Financial costs are reduced to a minimum. Homemade unit will cost much less than its factory counterpart.
- If all stages of assembly are carried out correctly, then assembled by your own hands electrical equipment can be considered reliable and quite productive.
There are several negative aspects of this type of device.
- If you are new to electrics or are trying to make a current generator without delving into all the intricacies and nuances of the assembly, then you will fail. The time and money you spent will be considered wasted.
In principle, this is the only drawback, which inspires optimism.
Other electric generator designs
The petrol option is not the only one. You can make the motor shaft rotate different ways. For example, using a windmill or water pump. Not the best simple designs, but they are the ones that allow us to move away from consuming the energy carrier in the form of gasoline.
For example, assembling a hydrogenerator with your own hands is also not difficult. If a river flows near the house, its water can be used as a force to rotate the shaft. To do this, a wheel with many containers is installed in its channel. Using this design, it is possible to create a flow of water that will rotate a turbine attached to the shaft of an electric motor. And the larger the volume of each container, the more often they are installed (the number increases), the greater the power of the water flow. In essence, this is a kind of generator voltage regulator.
With wind generators, things are a little different because wind loads are not constant quantities. The rotation of the windmill, which is transmitted to the shaft of the electric motor, must be regulated, adjusting it to the required speed of the electric motor shaft. Therefore, in this design, the voltage regulator is a regular mechanical gearbox. But here, as they say, it’s a double-edged sword. If the wind reduces gusts, a step-up gearbox is needed; if, on the contrary, it increases, a step-down gearbox is needed. This is the difficulty of constructing a wind power generator.
Conclusion on the topic
To summarize, you need to understand that homemade electric generators are not a panacea. It is better to ensure that electric current is constantly supplied to the village. This is difficult to achieve, but you can get compensation for inconvenience through the court. And the money already received will be used to purchase a factory gasoline generator. True, you will have to take into account the consumption of expensive fuel (gasoline). But if you want to assemble an electric generator with your own hands, then delve into the topic and try.
How to properly connect a 380 to 220 volt electric motor
How to make a generator from an asynchronous motor with your own hands
Design and principle of operation of a three-phase asynchronous motor
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Would you like to get cheap electricity using wind power? I'm sure so. Then the question arises of how to make an electric generator with your own hands. To complete the task, you should draw up a plan for its development, namely:
- prepare materials from which generator parts will be made;
- draw up a drawing according to which you can make an electric generator;
- leaf through physics textbooks to consolidate some knowledge about electrics in general.
Such goals correspond to the installation of a wind “mill” - a system for supplying electricity through the wind. This low-power mechanism is enough to, for example, illuminate a room in a small building or water a garden. The savings in kilowatt-hours are obvious.
Components of a wind power generator
The mechanism of this “mill” consists of four halves of a hollow cylinder, offset away from the common axis. On one side, there is a noticeable aerodynamic distortion. Air flow, circulating across the axis, tends to slide down, as it were. This occurs in the convex part of one of the half-cylinders. The other one faces the wind with a concave gap and provides a certain resistance to the air. When the wind moves, both halves sway, changing places. This creates an acceleration of the mechanism, and the said cylindrical drum rotates quite quickly.
How does this scheme differ from a turntable propeller?
A self-made electric generator in the shape of a propeller must be manufactured very precisely. The above diagram is very convenient in design and installation. Moreover, the power of such a system is the same as that of a propeller with three blades up to 2.5 m in diameter. The cylinders provide sufficient torque. Another advantage of the mill is the absence of a current-collecting mechanism.
Do-it-yourself electric generator.Device details
The device is a four-bladed drum, which was mentioned above. For the manufacture of drum halves, plywood, sheet plastic or plastic sheets are suitable. The thickness of the rotor walls should not be large; attention should be paid to this when making blanks. The lighter the walls, the less the bearings will rub, that is, the air resistance during spin-up will be insignificant.
Before using materials...
For roofing iron, the vertical of the blades needs to be strengthened. For this purpose, a reinforced rod as thick as a finger is placed in the sides of the drum.
If the parts of the wind generator are made of plywood, then it is important to impregnate them with hot drying oil. The convex sides of the blades can be made of lightweight plastic or metal. In the latter case, all joints must be carefully painted with thick oil paint. Wood is also suitable for construction.
What to make crosses connecting the blades from
To combine the blades into a rotor, you need a cross. It is better to make it from iron strips with a cross-section of 5x60 mm or from wooden blanks about 25 mm thick and 80 mm wide. At the edges of the blades with a slight indentation, mounting holes should be drilled to secure them. The entire structure must be mounted on the axle.
What to make an axle from
A self-made electric generator needs to be secured to some kind of base. This base is a steel axle having 30mm in diameter. Before assembling the axle, you need to find ball bearings suitable for the diameter of the axle. Then a steel cross is welded into it, and if the blade fasteners are made of wood, it is glued to the axle and at the same time clamped with M12 steel bolts into the holes drilled on the cross and pipe. Monitor the distance of all blades from the axis, its approximate value is 150 mm. The distance should be the same everywhere.
The last part of the device is the frame. How to do
Welding several metal corners or wood will do. When the frame is made, the bearings can be installed. The main thing is that they stand straight, without distortion. IN bottom part thread the connecting straps onto the end of the axle different diameters, hooking them onto the pulley. All that remains is to connect the belt ends to some kind of current generator, for example, from a car. The structure is ready.
Uninterrupted supply of electricity is the key to a comfortable life at any time of the year.
To organize autonomous power supply to a home, an asynchronous generator is often used, which can also be made with your own hands.
What it is
An asynchronous generator is a device alternating current, which, using the operating principle of an asynchronous motor, can produce electrical energy. It is also called induction. An asynchronous electric generator ensures rapid rotation of the rotor, the rotation speed being much higher than if they were rotated by a synchronous analogue of the device. An ordinary AC induction motor can be used as a generator without any additional settings or schema transformations.
Photo – asynchronous generatorArea of use asynchronous generator is quite wide:
- They are used as engines for wind power plants;
- In order to provide autonomous power to a house or apartment, or as miniature hydroelectric power stations;
- As an inverter (welding) generator;
- For organization uninterruptible power supply from alternating current.
In this case, the single-phase asynchronous generator must be turned on using the incoming voltage. Typically, this is done by connecting the device to power. But some models can work independently, by self-excitation, by connecting capacitors in series.
Video: asynchronous motor device
Principle of operation
An induction electric generator produces electrical energy when the rotor speed is faster than synchronous. For the most common generator, this figure is within 1800 rpm, while the synchronous speed characteristics are about 1500 rpm.
Generator circuit The operating principle of an asynchronous generator is based on the conversion of mechanical energy into current energy, i.e., electrical. In order for the rotor to start spinning and producing current, a fairly strong torque is needed. The ideal, according to electricians, is the so-called “eternal idle”, in which an equal rotation speed is maintained throughout the entire operation of the asynchronous generator.
How to do it yourself
Buying an asynchronous generator is an expensive pleasure, especially since you can make it yourself. The principle of operation is simple, the main thing is to provide yourself with the necessary tools.
- According to the operating principle of the device, you need to configure the generator so that its rotation speed is higher than the engine speed. To do this, connect the electric motor to the network and start it. To calculate the engine speed, you need to use a tachogenerator or tachometer;
- You need to add 10% to the resulting value. Let's say specifications engine is 1200 rpm, which means the generator must have 1320 rpm (1200 * 0.1% = 120, 120 + 1200 = 1320 rpm);
- Further, converting an asynchronous motor into a generator includes selecting the required capacitance for the capacitors used (each capacitor between phases is similar to the previous one);
- Make sure that the container is not too large, otherwise the asynchronous generator will heat up;
- Select the capacitors necessary to ensure certain speed rotation, which was calculated above. Their installation requires special care; it is very important that they are insulated using special coatings.
This completes the arrangement of the engine-based generator. Now it can be installed as a source of energy. It is important to remember that a squirrel-cage device produces quite high voltage, so if you need 220 V, there is a reason to install a step-down transformer.
Scheme for connecting the engine as a generator This is what the diagram looks like on how to make a wind generator from an asynchronous motor, here the main differences are in the rotation speed and the principle of switching on. As an example, we present to you a diagram of a wind hydroelectric power station, which includes an asynchronous gasoline generator.
It should be noted that it does not work with self-powering; in most cases, to turn on such a generator, a special walk-behind tractor or a control unit similar to an ignition switch is used.
Video: making an asynchronous generator from a single-phase motor - Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
As a generator with low power, you can even use single-phase asynchronous motors from household electrical appliances - washing machines Geko, drainage pumps, etc. Like a two-support motor, the motor from such devices must be connected in parallel to their winding. Another way is to use phase shift capacitors. They are not always different the required power, so it will be necessary to increase it to the required levels. Such a simple generator could be used to power light bulbs or modems. If you slightly alter the circuit, you will be able to connect this autonomous device even to a heater or electric stove. You can also make a similar generator using permanent magnets.
Photo - low-power generator - Any asynchronous generator (gasoline generator, electric, brushless) is considered a device with increased level danger, so try to isolate it;
- Each autonomous generator must be equipped with additional measuring devices in order to record data on its operation. This should be a frequency meter or tachometer, as well as a voltmeter;
- It is advisable to equip the generator with on and off buttons;
- This type of electric generator must be grounded;
- Be prepared for the fact that the efficiency of an asynchronous generator will drop by 30 and sometimes by 50% - this phenomenon is inevitable when converting mechanical energy into electrical energy;
- If necessary, the device can be replaced by synchronous brushless generators such as GS-200 or GS-250, asynchronous AIR 63, ESS 5-93-4у2 (75 kW), and others, the price of which is from 30,000 rubles in Krasnoyarsk and from 35,000 in Moscow;
- The thermal regime of an asynchronous generator is very important. Like an internal combustion engine, it can heat up when idling, monitor the temperature of the device.