Drilling machines are special devices, which are used in working with wood, metals, plastic, etc. With their help you can perform a large number of functions that would take a lot of time to perform using improvised means. The design of the machine is not complicated, as is the assembly, so it is quite possible to assemble it with your own hands. In addition, such homemade apparatus in many cases little different from standard factory models.
General information
Drilling machine Most often used for drilling parts. It carries out its work using the power of an electric motor, which, by rotating its shaft, transmits forces to the main rotational element of the unit or spindle. To the last one add:
- adapters;
- drill;
- cartridges;
- bushings.
In essence, such a machine is a mechanism fixed in a stable position, designed for drilling various parts for quite a long time.
A person working on such a unit only needs to place parts in a timely manner, adjust their position and control the operation of the machine. This is much more convenient than if you had to work manually. In addition, as a result of manual drilling it is impossible to achieve high precision. The fact is that a person you need to choose the right angle application of effort. An error of a few degrees can be fatal. And not everyone can handle working at such a pace.
It's a completely different matter when a drilling machine is used for work. In this case you just need to fix the part in a vice, and then start the machine. All subsequent actions will not take much time and effort.
Design features of the machine
In order to easily cope with the work, you need to understand what the unit consists of along with its components.
An ordinary drilling machine consists of the following parts:
- bed;
- holders for the working mechanism;
- additional elements(nuts, drills, cartridges, bushings);
- vice;
- rotation handles for mechanisms, force transmitters, etc.;
- main frame guides;
- working mechanism;
- shock absorber;
- power unit.
The design itself is nothing complicated. The frame is attached as a base. If we consider the desktop sample (and homemade machines are most often tabletop), then the bed in this case will be used both as a mount for devices such as a vice, and as a stabilizing factor, as well as as a base. The main frame is attached to the frame, on which the entire mechanism will be supported. A holder, shock absorber and additional elements are connected to the frame. In the case of an adjustable shock absorber, a handle is connected to it.
To main frame attach the machine motor, to which the spindle and adapters are then connected. The power supply is available only in models in which the engine is installed separately, and it is not capable of taking on loads coming from the household network.
Selection of necessary elements
Collect homemade unit from available means, so special attention should be paid to the selection of design parts.
First of all, you need to select the material for the bed. It should only be metal. A heavy plate may be suitable, in which the holes necessary for future vices and clamping bars are drilled. The best thing buy a mobile or remove the old bed from a used table saw.
The main stabilizing rail is made of an angle or channel with a thickness of at least 3 mm. This part does not produce vibrations or play and is able to withstand loads. The holder for the working mechanism is also made of steel. In this case, the choice depends on the engine that will be used.
The main point in such a do-it-yourself machine diagram is that parts from a car steering rack are used to assemble the unit, since it is compact and has unique capabilities.
During rotation, the steering rack raises and lowers the mechanism that is attached to it. Such manipulations should be carried out very carefully, down to one millimeter. Many steering racks have the ability to weaken or increase tension, leading to the possibility of fine adjustment of operation.
It is best to remove the handles from finished machines, but you can make them yourself. You can use production bushings and chucks in the same way because they are fairly easy to obtain.
Selection of working mechanism
This element in a do-it-yourself drilling machine is not only traditional, but also significantly simplified. In this case we're talking about about replacing the power supply and motor with a finished drill or unit, which is used for drilling metal, concrete, etc. Such portable tools have almost the same dimensions as an ordinary drill. However, they are so powerful that they can drill through metal without much resistance.
The drill should be attached with a small number of staples, having first secured it in the desired position. It should be located perpendicular to the base of the unit.
Using a drill in a machine diagram from a steering rack is considered preferable. In this case, the time required to assemble the unit will be significantly less. You can also install asynchronous motor from any electrical appliance. In this case, the assembly takes much longer. But the technology will remain the same.
Making a machine from a steering rack with your own hands
The technology for assembling a drilling machine with your own hands from a steering rack includes the following steps:
Thus, there is nothing difficult about making a drilling machine from a steering rack with your own hands. Enough the process is greatly simplified due to the fact that they are already using ready-made solutions, such as steering and drill. You just need to assemble everything and make sure that the unit is assembled correctly.
Having a professional tool at home makes it possible to do the job without involving specialists. But will factory quality always be adequate? In some cases, it is much more practical to make the structure yourself. One of the original and practical devices is a homemade drilling machine made from a steering rack.
Basic manufacturing principles
At first glance, it seems that purchasing a ready-made stand for installing a drill would be the best option. However, in most cases, factory models have large backlash, which makes it impossible to accurately drill small holes up to 4 mm. This is why professionals prefer to make the frame themselves.
Factory rack
The problem is saving on consumables– the desktop has a small mass, and the stand has insufficient rigidity. As an alternative to an expensive professional drilling machine, it is proposed to make a base from scrap materials, and as a electrical equipment use a powerful drill (from 1.5 kW).
Even at the stage of drawing up a diagram, you may encounter the following problems:
- Making a mechanism for raising (lowering) a drill. The best option– installation of a steering column from a passenger car.
- The base and stand for attaching the column are made of thick-walled rolled metal - channels, corners of sheet iron. How more mass machine - the better it will compensate for vibration.
- If you don’t have a drill, you can make it from any suitable electric motor. Most often, power units from washing machines are used for this. Pulleys for creating a belt drive are also selected from scrap materials.
All these issues can be solved if you apply a professional approach to each stage of manufacturing a drilling machine from a steering rack. Its design is relatively simple, but to reduce labor intensity and achieve good quality It is recommended to adhere to a certain manufacturing pattern.
Making a machine
Homemade machine
The first step is to find the steering rack. It is best to use a part from a VAZ 2108, since it is characterized by simplicity of design and for a long time repair-free work. Since a new rack will cost quite a lot (up to 3,500 rubles), most often they buy used ones.
Selection of rack and its modernization
After purchasing it, you must complete preventive maintenance. For good operation of the drilling machine, it is necessary to ensure smooth running. Therefore, in addition to mandatory cleaning of debris, it is often necessary to replace some components:
- Checking the condition of the gearbox. If necessary, replace faulty elements.
- The support sleeve must not have surface damage - chips, cracks, etc. This is controlled before purchase.
A protective layer of paint is applied to the body. Attention - it should not get inside the column. This may cause it to break or require significant effort when moving the rod.
Manufacturing of the frame and installation
Drill lock
The machine body is made according to the dimensions of the column and drill. Optimal size the working table is 30*20 cm. A platform is attached on top of it, on which the parts for drilling will be located.
Particular attention should be paid to the design for fixing the drill. It is installed on the steering rod in those places where there are mounting bolts. If you couldn’t find (make it yourself) a similar design, you can order it. To do this, it is recommended to draw up at least a simple drawing and give it to the master along with the finished column.
Jack machine
The stand can be made from U-shaped metal profile 30*60*30. It is welded to steel sheet, the thickness of which is at least 2 mm. To increase rigidity, additional ribs can be installed between these elements. The finished structure must be stable. It is best to make holes on the sheet for attaching to the desktop.
The height of the stand should be 5-7 cm greater than the length of the column. The stroke of the rod must be taken into account. For the VAZ-2108 model it is 210 mm.
For greater comfort when working with a drilling machine, you should consider a system for turning on (off) the drill. The circuit may consist of a socket and a switch. To do this, the design of the drill must include a mechanism for fixing the start button. Otherwise, you will have to fix the button all the time, which will be extremely inconvenient.
In addition to the steering column, a mechanical jack can be used as a mechanism for lowering the drill. But such a design has an uneven move, which affects the quality of work.
A vertical drilling machine from a steering rack is a popular solution when making them yourself due to the cheap and workable end result.
The circuit is assembled on the basis of the steering rack of domestic cars VAZ, Moskvich, Tavria, etc. as a stand and lifting mechanism. Also, the belt drive, base, bracket, electrics are manufactured independently, and the electric motor is purchased from a factory or removed from other equipment, for example, from washing machine. To others constructive solution drive is powerful drill with gearbox for several speeds.
The advantages of this design are its low price and availability of materials for the manufacture of all parts. It is usually bought at recycling metallurgical plants or found among production waste. It is better to buy a used rake, because... it will cost much less or look for new ones at flea markets that they just want to get rid of.
The disadvantages are appearance– far from perfection and aesthetics, low accuracy.
As a result, we have the following picture:
- the steering rack is used as a lifting mechanism;
- the more massive the structure, the less vibration and the higher the accuracy;
- a drill is used as a drive or a classic drive of a vertical drilling machine is made: rotation is transmitted from an electric motor through a belt drive to the spindle.
Choosing a drill as a drive gives us the opportunity to smoothly adjust the speed within the factory rotation speeds, some models have high torque, which will allow drilling holes with a diameter of up to 20 mm, reverse, and the spindle has a Morse taper, into which drills with a diameter of more than 13 mm can be installed with tapered shank.
Manufacturing process
stand of square pipe 150×150 mm
A round-rolled shaft ø 20 mm is installed parallel to the rack in the bushings, and a carriage is welded to the shaft. On the reverse side, the carriage is screwed to the movable part of the steering rack.
The steering wheel is brought out at an angle of 90 degrees to the rack and is connected to the rack through a short propeller steering shaft from a VAZ 2107.
A welded table with the ability to move vertically is installed on the stand. To modernize and improve the design, we make an adjustable platform on the table on which the machine vice will be installed. The platform is used to adjust the installation of parts on the table relative to the spindle, because the machine is manufactured independently in artisanal conditions and inaccuracies arise due to warping after welding, poor fit during assembly, etc.
The base of the machine is made of rim from KAMAZ with a diameter of 508 mm, a width of 178 mm, and a weight of 26 kg. A vertical stand is welded onto the disk. The photo shows a powerful hammerless drill Rebir IE-1206ER-A, which allows you to drill holes with a diameter of up to 32 mm in metal, and 70 mm in wood, power 2000 W, with a maximum rotation speed of 400 rpm.
Can be used in any workshop. The craftsman has the opportunity to assemble the device from a car steering rack with my own hands. Using the machine it is possible to drill metal, wood and plastic products. For example, a drilling machine correctly assembled from a steering rack meets all technical parameters mass-produced units.
Any self-made drilling machine is assembled from available funds. The device includes the following elements:
- bed;
- working head;
- a shock absorber that allows the head to return to its original position;
- power unit;
- a guide along which the frame moves;
- handles transmitting torque;
- bushings;
- vice;
- work head holder;
- a device that fixes a part on a table.
The bed serves as the base of the apparatus. Additionally, its role in the design of the machine is reduced to:
- balancing all structural elements;
- use as a workbench for working with a vice;
- fixing the main frame on which the working head of the unit is mounted.
Not only the head of the device is attached to the frame, but also a holder with a shock absorber. A spring mechanism is often used as a shock absorber. In the absence of a spring mechanism alternative option will become the steering rack, which is integral component all domestic cars. If it is taken from a car, then there are a number of advantages regarding a spring shock absorber:
- ensures stable operation of the lifting device;
- promotes smooth running of the working head and frame.
The holder attaches the electric motor of the machine to the main frame. A clamping chuck is selected for the engine. A power supply must be selected for it if the device is not designed to operate from a 220 V network.
Machine engine
The vice serves as a clamping device in the unit. They are characterized by reliability and versatility of use.
Selection of elements for the future mechanism
Primary attention is paid to the choice of bed. It is recommended to use a metal frame for the future mechanism. Often a mobile frame or a frame removed from an old unit is used as the basis for a new one.
Particular attention is paid to the choice of slats. They are made from or corner. In order for the product to withstand vibrations, it is recommended to select channels and angles with a thickness of 3 mm or more. It is also recommended to choose a holder made of steel.
The working mechanism of a homemade drilling machine can be improved. In such cases, the power supply with the motor is replaced with a drill or a device that drills through concrete. It is important to properly attach the drill to the machine. It is directed perpendicular to its base, secured by brackets.
An alternative is to use an asynchronous type motor taken from some electrical appliance. The master will need to make significant efforts to assemble such a unit.
Stages of device assembly
Assembling the steering rack drill press starts with the rack. Taken for her profile pipe size 150*150 mm. The one-handed assembly process contains the following steps:
- manufacturing a frame with legs welded to it so that the structure is securely fixed on the workbench;
- holes are drilled in the frame for fastening clamping devices;
- a pre-prepared stand is welded to the bed base;
- the stand is strengthened at the attachment point with stiffening ribs;
- a car rack is fixed on the rack, on which the rotation handle is mounted;
- fastenings for a drill are made in the upper rack part;
- the drill is connected to the steering rack;
- the angle of inclination of the drill and the correctness of its position relative to the work table are adjusted;
- the entire working mechanism is completely fixed, the correctness and reliability of fastening of all elements is checked;
- bolts are tightened, wires are brought in;
- The operation of the device is checked in test mode.
Features of assembling a mechanism with an asynchronous motor
There is an option for manufacturing a unit with an asynchronous type motor. This option is more complicated than using a drill. The drive engine requires the manufacture of a special platform on which the steering rack is mounted on the other side. The craftsman will be required to make an additional frame on which the machine spindle will be fixed.
The complexity of the design lies in the transmission of rotation from the engine to the spindle assembly located on the back side of the rack. The problem is solved by using a belt drive, with the help of which two pulleys (one on the spindle assembly, the other on the engine shaft) are connected to each other. For such devices, it is recommended to select factory-made spindles.
A unit with an asynchronous engine has many open and unprotected elements that rotate during its operation. Special covers allow you to protect the craftsman’s hands from damage and structural elements from clogging.