The purpose of a water flow regulator (WFR) is to maintain water flow within specified values, regardless of changes in pressure in the incoming (“before itself”) and/or outlet (“after itself”) flows. Depending on the model, temperature control functions (thermal sensors) may be additionally included, which increases the price of the water flow regulator. You can buy such devices for 3.5 thousand rubles and more. Devices are installed in systems with static hydraulic mode to balance and limit water flow.
At the same time, to save money, it is customary to call apartment aerators similar to this one: http://water-save.com/ or similar in principle of operation, the price of which starts from 900 rubles.
Thanks to the multilayer design, the water flow is saturated with air. In addition, the jet in the nozzle is divided into several streams that fall between the sealing ring and the “asterisk”. The stronger the flow, the more the O-ring is deformed, reducing the outlet opening. These measures are aimed at maintaining the uniformity of the outflow flow, regardless of the pressure in the system.
The estimated savings in such a flow regulator are up to 50% for the volume of water from one tap compared to taps without a nozzle or with standard simple aerators. Declared volume of water consumption: for a tap – 6 l/min., for a shower – 9 l/min.
Operating principle
The operating principle is based on a combination of the functions of a balancing valve for a water flow regulator, and a differential pressure calibrator, which changes position when the set pressure value increases or decreases.
- Two-line water flow regulators. They consist of a turbulent throttle and a constant pressure difference valve. When the pressure in the output hydraulic line decreases, the valve spool, moving, increases the working gap, which equalizes the value.
- Three-line water flow regulators. The pressure overflow valve, parallel to the adjustable throttle, operates in overflow mode. This allows, when the output pressure increases, to “dump” the excess into the cavity above the spool, which leads to its displacement and equalization of the values.
Most water flow regulators are classified as direct-acting fittings. Indirect acting RRs are structurally more complex and more expensive, which makes their use rare. The design includes a controller (programmable), a control valve and a sensor.
The catalogs of some manufacturers present combined models with additional opportunity installation of an electric actuator, which is functionally equivalent to a valve and control mechanism. Allows you to achieve optimal mode with limited water consumption.
When purchasing devices on supplier websites, a calculator is often provided with the following fields to fill out - important credentials:
- Required water consumption (m3/h).
- Excessive drop (potential losses on the regulator).
- Pressure in front of the device.
- Maximum temperature.
The calculation algorithm makes the choice easier and allows you to check the device for the occurrence of cavitation.
- The calculated water consumption must correspond to the declared range, however, the possible increase or decrease in indicators during operation should also be taken into account.
- For correct operation of the device, you should pay attention not only to the maximum, but also to the minimum difference in the water flow regulator.
- The valve pressure drop is estimated to be no less than 50% of the available differential in the area.
- It is recommended to choose a valve diameter whose declared capacity (in the catalogue) would be 20% greater than the calculated one.
- Some RPV elements are not included in the basic package (depending on the manufacturer and supplier), and they must be ordered separately. For example, connection fittings, external impulse pipes. Some RPB series with a carrier temperature above 150 C on the impulse sampling tubes require the installation of separately sold impulse coolers, etc.
- Direct-acting regulators are sensitive to mechanical inclusions in the flow, so it is recommended to install strainers in front of them.
Variety of models
The market offers models from European manufacturers Herz (Austria), Danfoss (Denmark), TA Hydronics (Sweden), Oventrop and Samson (Germany), Belarusian RR Kommunalnik and other popular brands. For example:
- Direct acting flanged flow regulators. Operate without additional energy sources:
Such a water flow regulator is produced with DN 80, 50, 40, 25 mm (DN is a conventional diameter) and is in demand from Khabarovsk to Kaliningrad. Network media consumption for these diameters: 8-25, 2-8, 2-4, 1-2 tons/hour, respectively.
- for stable maintenance of water flow (from 0 to 180 C) in heating systems on input,
- complete with a thermostat - as an actuator and control device behind the DHW heater to maintain the temperature of the local water.
- Series AB from Danish manufacturer Danfoss. Combined with the possibility of installing an electric drive, automatic balancing valve. Designed for the range Tmax 120 C, Tmin -10 C, protected from self-blocking and designed for smooth flow adjustment.
- Hydromat Q from German manufacturer Oventrop. Proportional regulator with smooth adjustment of the value during installation, blocking, sealing. Allows simple disconnection of risers.
- Austrian water flow regulator 4001 2 from Herz for heating and cooling buildings with circulation pumps. Designed for installation on the return pipeline, etc.
This section presents the supplied automatic liquid flow regulators (water, oil products, etc.)
URRD-3— universal flow and pressure regulator. Version "NO" - normally open (regulation "after itself"), Du URRD-25,32,50,65,80mm (8-80 m3/h); up to 150C, 1.6MPa.
URRD-2— universal flow and pressure regulator Du-25-150mm (analogous to URRD-3 and outdated URRD-M).
RR-25…100– water flow regulator (DN - 25mm, 40mm, 50mm, 80mm, 100mm).
RRMK-5— liquid (oil) flow regulator within a given pressure drop.
RRJ— liquid flow regulators high pressure.
RR-NO— direct-acting flow regulator (differential pressure) normally open. PP-NO operates without an external energy source and is intended for automatic maintenance given pressure or pressure difference of liquid, gas and vapor media. DN RR-NO-25, -32, -40-50, -80, -100 mm, pressure up to 1.6 MPa (water, gas, steam, air). Connecting dimensions of flanges according to GOST 12815-80. The operating principle of the PP-NO regulator is based on force balancing elastic deformation adjustment springs by the force created by the controlled medium on the membrane assembly.
VRPD-FN-NO Direct-acting differential pressure regulator VRPD-FN-NO with a fixed setting (FN), normally open (NO-“after itself”) flanged (cast iron). DN-15 20 25 32 40 50mm, up to 16MPa, dP up to 0.3MPa, setting from 0.05MPa, water medium Tis up to 150°C, UHL4.2 (Tos +1+40°C, humidity up to 80%) . ShMV
VRPD-NO Direct-acting differential pressure regulator VRPD-NO normally open (NO-“after itself”) flanged (cast iron). DN-15…150mm, up to 16MPa, dP up to 0.3MPa, setting from 0.05MPa, medium-water Tis up to 150°C, UHL4.2 (Tos +1+40°C, humidity up to 80%).
VRDD-NZ Direct-acting pressure regulator VRDD-NZ normally closed (NC - “after itself”) flanged (cast iron). DN-15…150mm, up to 16MPa, dP up to 0.3MPa, setting from 0.05MPa, medium-water Tis up to 150°C, UHL4.2 (Tos +1+40°C, humidity up to 80%).
VRDD-01-P-NZ with “bypass” function Direct-acting pressure regulator VRDD-01-P-NZ with a “bypass” function, normally closed (NC - “to itself”) flanged (cast iron). DN-15…150mm, up to 16MPa, dP up to 0.3MPa, setting from 0.05MPa, medium-water Tis up to 150°C, UHL4.2 (Tos +1+40°C, humidity up to 80%).
Other types and brands of liquid flow regulators can also be supplied.
In addition to the above liquid flow regulators (FR), we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the following types of FR:
a) RR of thermal energy (for example, RRTE-1, etc.).
b) RR air (for example, RRV-1, etc.).
c) RR gas (for example RRG-1, etc.).
d) Technological meters-regulators (secondary control devices that receive unified output signals from differential pressure sensors (differential pressure gauges-flow meters of the type Sapphire-22M-DD, Zond-10DD, AIR-DD, DMER-MI, DM 3583M and others), suitable for complete with a root extraction unit for measuring flow using the differential pressure method on standard narrowing devices (diaphragms - DKS, DBS).
For more details, see the PRESSURE section, subsections: Differential pressure gauges and pressure difference converters (sensors).
PURPOSE, PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION AND MAIN DESIGNS OF LIQUID FLOW REGULATORS
Liquid flow regulators are designed to automatically maintain a given flow rate of liquid (including gas and steam-containing) media that are non-aggressive to the regulator materials under operating conditions. Regulator bodies are typically made of gray cast iron, cast steel, or corrosion-resistant casting. The connecting dimensions of the flanges are made in accordance with GOST 12815-80.
Options for flow regulators: “NO” – pressure regulation “after itself”.
The operating principle is based on balancing the elastic deformation force of the tuning spring with the force created by the controlled medium on the membrane assembly.
Regulators are used in industrial installations, heating points, water supply systems and other facilities in accordance with their technical characteristics.
The device can be equipped with a filter of the appropriate diameter and mating steel welded flanges.
The most common models of regulators have:
Diameters conditional passage DN (Du) = 25, 32, 40, 50, 80, 100 mm.
Conditional pressure PN (Py) up to 1.6 MPa (16 kgf/cm2), but higher values are possible.
Temperature controlled environment up to 180C.
Concepts, definitions and additional information about direct acting pressure regulators (DAPR)
Schematic diagrams for switching on pressure regulators (hereinafter RD-NO/NZ) and differential pressure-flow regulators (hereinafter PP-NO):
a) RD-NO - “NO” assembly - Normally Open RD; pressure regulation “after itself” (bypass mode).
b) RD-NZ - assembly “NZ” - Normally Closed RD; regulation of pressure “towards you” (bleeding mode).
c) PP-NO - “NO” assembly – Normally Open RR; regulation of pressure difference (RPD) - flow (there is no “NC” assembly for RPD-RR, since they are “flow-through” flow control devices).
Pressure regulators (hereinafter referred to as RD) direct action (DAPD) VRDD-NZ, bypass VRDD-01-NZ and direct acting differential pressure (flow) regulators (RDPD) VRPD-NO are used to automatically maintain the required pressure value or pressure difference (DP) of water in pipelines for various purposes by changing the flow rate, including (opening and closing) pipelines of heating systems (CO) and hot water supply (DHW).
With a certain connection diagram, differential pressure regulators (RPD-NO) can be used as flow regulators (PP-NO).
Direct acting valves are control devices for which the pressure of the flowing working fluid supplies the energy necessary to reset the control valve. The RD is controlled by means of a hydraulic membrane actuator (MMA), into the working chambers of which pressure is supplied through impulse tubes from various sections of the pipeline (before/after the RD).
The effect on the flow is expressed in a decrease or increase in pressure depending on the type of RD and schematic diagram object.
The maximum permissible pressure drop across the taxiway is 0.4 MPa. To increase the service life of products and reduce noise levels, it is recommended that the pressure drop across the RD be no more than 0.2 MPa.
Pressure regulators (PD) and differential D.-flow (RR) of water are designed for use in systems for automatically regulating the flow of thermal energy for heating, hot water supply - DHW, ventilation, cold and hot water and other production and technological processes.
RD-NO/NZ and RR-NO are installed in individual heating points (IHP) of residential and industrial buildings, central heating points (CHS), boiler houses, thermal power plants, pumping stations and other facilities at which thermal energy is produced, distributed or consumed, as well as at which cold or hot water is prepared, distributed or consumed in cold and hot water systems.
Water RD (VRDD-NZ, VRDD-01-P-NZ) and RR (flow-pressure drop. VRPD-NO) at correct use are successfully used to combat such negative processes in pipelines as increased noise levels, vibration, airing, increases or fluctuations (jumps, water hammer) in pressure not provided for by the normal operation of the facility.
Advantages of differential pressure regulators VRPD-NO
— small dimensions compared to RPDs from most other manufacturers;
— protection of the membrane from damage due to incorrect pressure supply;
— a bearing is installed under the adjusting nut, which greatly facilitates the adjustment process; When adjusted to small pressure drop values, the nut can be rotated by hand without wrench;
— a slot filter is installed in front of the holes in the plunger for admitting water into the unloading chamber located above the piston to prevent contamination of the unloading chamber;
— parts in contact with the working environment are made of materials resistant to hot water;
— high quality of surfaces of parts in contact with the working environment, which is ensured by processing on high-precision CNC machines made in the USA and South Korea;
— use of membranes and sealing rings made in Germany;
— several values of conditional capacity — Kv for one nominal diameter nominal diameter - DN;
At the customer's request, regulators with non-standard Kv values are manufactured;
— regulators are supplied with wide setting ranges: (0.04-0.7) MPa or (0.2-1.2) MPa;
— the possibility of using differential pressure regulators as “downstream” pressure regulators;
— production of a wide range of regulators DN 15...DN 150;
— possibility of installation in any position: on horizontal, vertical and inclined pipelines, with the adjuster up, down, to the side, in any direction;
— threaded connections located in work environment, are sealed with high-temperature sealant, which prevents the possibility of self-unscrewing of parts during operation;
— the design of the seats of the sealing rings eliminates the possibility of them falling out or biting during the operation of the RPD.
Complete set and additional equipment of direct-acting pressure regulators (DAPR)
The types of additional equipment and the composition of the set of mounting and connecting parts (KMCh/KPC Du15...150mm) primarily depend on the installation and design of the direct-acting pressure regulator (hereinafter referred to as RDPD), with the following main ones being distinguished: industrial versions:
— Threaded (coupled): fastening through a special set of connectors (sleeve nuts (“American”) with a flange-threaded fitting, used on pipelines of small nominal diameter (Du-10, 15, 20, 25, 32, 40 mm);
— Flange: mortise - VRPD has its own flanges already welded to the body, made in accordance with GOST requirements, installation is carried out to the mating flanges of the pipeline through gaskets using fasteners (bolts/studs, nuts and washers).
— Wafer(connections of the “Sandwich” type when the mortise VRPD does not have its own flanges and is clamped (pulled) with studs into the pipeline connector between the mating flanges).
Types of additional equipment and configuration:
— Kits of installation and connecting parts (KMCh/KPC): connectors, fasteners, sets of counter flanges (“KOF” according to GOST 12820-80, 12821, etc.)
— Seals and fasteners(gaskets, bolts (studs), nuts, washers).
— Filters(to protect against solid particles getting on the sealing surfaces and moving parts, it is recommended to install a coarse strainer in front of the pressure regulator).
— Pipeline elements: conical transitions from DN1 to DN2, straight sections (connecting sections) and other elements and welded parts.
Flange connection is regulated by GOST 12815-80, GOST 12820 or GOST 12821.
Additional equipment for control, regulation and metering units for pressure and flow (URR and thermal energy metering units (UUTE)):
- Pipeline accessories: installation and shut-off valves: taps, valves, gate valves, connecting fittings, tees, drains; protective coarse mesh filters, mud filters, etc. - see add. equipment and fittings for flow control devices.
— Assembly cabinets, instrument panels, frames and racks.
— instrumentation and automation: calculators, pressure gauges, differential pressure gauges, thermometers, thermomanometers, sensor-relays, alarms, temperature (thermal converters) and pressure transducers, regulators, power units (sources), control units and other devices and automation units.
At the consumer's request, the following documents can be sent:: order card (form) (questionnaire), passport of the pressure regulator (RD) and flow regulator (RR) of direct action (RDPD), certificate of conformity, type approval certificate, permits for use, declaration of conformity, technical description and operating instructions, as well as other permits and regulations(GOSTs, SanPiN, SNiPs, etc.).
Copyright © 2015-2017 all rights reserved,
the text is encrypted, copying is monitored and prosecuted;
author - DV, editor - FMV; co-authors VOG/VEM, KTs-M0/P0.
GC Teplopribor - production and sale of instrumentation and control equipment: Pressure regulators (PD) and differential flow regulators (RR) of direct action (RDPD) for closed and open water and steam systems heat supply (CO/DH), water supply (DHW, cold water supply) and regulation of other technological processes.
See the technical description/characteristics of the RDPD, price list (wholesale price), order form (how to choose, order and buy) pressure regulator (PD) and differential flow regulator (RD) of direct action (RDPD-NO/NZ) at the manufacturer's price in in stock and on order from a warehouse in Moscow, delivery/shipment by TC (Business Lines and others) throughout the Russian Federation (for other ordering information, see the official website of Teplopribor Group of Companies).
We will be glad if the above information was useful to you, and we also thank you in advance for contacting any of the representative offices of the Teplopribor group of companies (three Teplopribor, Teplokontrol, Prompribor and other enterprises) and promise to make every effort to justify your trust.
According to GOST 19681-94 clause 4.5 (Interstate standard. Sanitary water fittings), water flow in mixers must be at least 12 l/min. And in order to wash your hands comfortably, 6 l/min is enough.
If you want to reduce consumption and ensure a comfortable flow of water in your home plumbing, then water flow regulators (aerators) for taps and showers are the best solution to date. An aerator is a small device that attaches to the tip of a faucet and restricts the flow of water without reducing the water pressure in the faucet.
According to many plumbing experts, when using old faucets that have been in use for at least 5-10 years, the average water flow can be about 15 liters per minute. But, if you install an aerator in the tap, the water flow will decrease to 6 liters per minute. However, you will not notice any difference in use, since aerators work by circulating air through the water, and also give you a feeling of water pressure. Thus, if you wash your hands under such a stream of water, you will not notice the difference, and filling the sink to the brim will take you 2 times longer.
Aerators are mostly used in bathrooms (hand wash faucets, showers), kitchens, and in situations where people need to maintain a constant flow of water. Available in hardware stores and retail outlets for plumbing sales, faucet aerators are the choice reasonable people who want to reduce water consumption without fundamental changes. The aerator will help not only to save our Natural resources, but will also help us save our money on water use and energy consumption.
Let us draw your attention to another important role of the water flow regulator. Let us remember that water heating devices have long been common in our homes and how important it is to reduce water consumption in this particular case. The same amount of water will last longer, as if the water heater has increased in volume! In this case, slow water flow saves us not only energy costs and reduces water consumption, but also increases the service life of the water heater.
The main advantages of the water flow regulator:
- reducing the cost of water consumption by up to 3 times;
- reduction of water consumption up to 4 times;
- ensuring constant water pressure regardless of the pressure in the water supply network;
- pressure equalization in water supply systems of residential buildings and buildings;
- ensuring a comfortable flow of water without splashes and water hammer;
- standard size (used on all types of faucets) and does not change appearance tap;
- applicable in instantaneous water heaters high pressure;
- increases the amount of water in storage water heater;
- increases the service life of water heating equipment (if available);
- noise reduction in mixers;
- ease of installation.
Water flow regulator design
Water flows between the sprocket and the loose elastic ring. When you open a water tap, an elastic ring is pressed into the passage holes and, as pressure in the system increases, it restricts the flow of water, thereby ensuring a constant flow of liquid. When you close the water tap, the reverse process occurs. The elasticity of the ring and the dimensions of the structure are designed in such a way that they allow maintaining a fixed water flow for each device, regardless of the pressure in the water supply network. The speed of water movement between the sprocket and the elastic ring increases as the gap decreases, which leads to a visual and tactile sensation of good water pressure.
Installation of a water flow regulator
You don't need a plumber, just unscrew the existing aerator and screw in the new one. If no aerator has been installed previously, then check for threads on the tip of the tap. If the thread turns out to be external, then you will need an aerator with internal thread(designated “female”), and if the thread on the tap is inside, then you need an aerator with an external thread (designated “male”).,
Keywords: water flow regulators, water flow regulator, aerator, water flow limiter
To automate many production processes, it is necessary to monitor the water level in the tank; the measurement is carried out using a special sensor that gives a signal when the process medium reaches a certain level. It is impossible to do without level meters in everyday life; a striking example of this is the shut-off valve of a toilet cistern or an automatic system for shutting off a well pump. let's consider different kinds level sensors, their design and operating principle. This information will be useful when choosing a device for a specific task or making a sensor yourself.
Design and principle of operation
The design of measuring devices of this type is determined by the following parameters:
- Functionality, depending on this device, is usually divided into alarms and level meters. The former monitor a specific tank filling point (minimum or maximum), while the latter continuously monitor the level.
- The operating principle can be based on: hydrostatics, electrical conductivity, magnetism, optics, acoustics, etc. Actually, this is the main parameter that determines the scope of application.
- Measuring method (contact or non-contact).
In addition, the design features are determined by the nature of the technological environment. It's one thing to measure height drinking water in the tank, another is to check the filling of industrial wastewater tanks. In the latter case, appropriate protection is necessary.
Types of level sensors
Depending on the principle of operation, alarms are usually divided into the following types:
- float type;
- using ultrasonic waves;
- devices with a capacitive level detection principle;
- electrode;
- radar type;
- working on the hydrostatic principle.
Since these types are the most common, let's look at each of them separately.
Float
This is the simplest, but nevertheless effective and reliable way measuring liquid in a tank or other container. An example implementation can be found in Figure 2.
Rice. 2. Float sensor for pump control The design consists of a float with a magnet and two reed switches installed in control points. Let us briefly describe the principle of operation:
- The container is emptied to a critical minimum (A in Fig. 2), while the float drops to the level where reed switch 2 is located, it turns on the relay that supplies power to the pump pumping water from the well.
- The water reaches the maximum level, the float rises to the location of reed switch 1, it is triggered and the relay is turned off, accordingly, the pump motor stops working.
It’s quite easy to make such a reed switch yourself, and setting it up comes down to setting on-off levels.
Note that if you choose the right material for the float, the water level sensor will work even if there is a layer of foam in the tank.
Ultrasonic
This type of meter can be used for both liquid and dry media and may have an analogue or discrete output. That is, the sensor can limit the filling upon reaching a certain point or monitor it continuously. The device includes an ultrasonic emitter, receiver and signal processing controller. The operating principle of the alarm is demonstrated in Figure 3.
Rice. 3. Operating principle of ultrasonic level sensor The system works as follows:
- an ultrasonic pulse is emitted;
- the reflected signal is received;
- The duration of signal attenuation is analyzed. If the tank is full, it will be short (A Fig. 3), and as it becomes empty it will begin to increase (B Fig. 3).
The ultrasonic alarm is non-contact and wireless, so it can be used even in aggressive and explosive environments. After initial setup, such a sensor does not require any specialized maintenance, and the absence of moving parts significantly extends its service life.
Electrode
Electrode (conductometric) alarms allow you to monitor one or more levels of an electrically conductive medium (that is, they are not suitable for measuring the filling of a tank with distilled water). An example of using the device is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Liquid level measurement with conductometric sensors In the example given, a three-level alarm is used, in which two electrodes control the filling of the container, and the third is an emergency one to turn on the intensive pumping mode.
Capacitive
Using these alarms, it is possible to determine the maximum filling of the container, and both liquid and bulk solids of mixed composition can act as the process medium (see Fig. 5).
Rice. 5. Capacitive sensor level The operating principle of the alarm is the same as that of a capacitor: the capacitance is measured between the plates of the sensitive element. When it reaches the threshold value, a signal is sent to the controller. In some cases, a “dry contact” design is used, that is, the level gauge operates through the tank wall in isolation from the process medium.
These devices can operate in a wide range temperature range, they are not affected electromagnetic fields, and operation is possible on long distance. Such characteristics significantly expand the scope of application up to severe operating conditions.
Radar
This type of alarm device can truly be called universal, since it can work with any process environment, including aggressive and explosive ones, and pressure and temperature will not affect the readings. An example of how the device works is shown in the figure below.
The device emits radio waves in a narrow range (several gigahertz), the receiver catches the reflected signal and, based on its delay time, determines how full the container is. The measuring sensor is not affected by pressure, temperature or the nature of the process fluid. Dustiness also does not affect the readings, which cannot be said about laser alarms. It should also be noted high accuracy devices of this type, their error is no more than one millimeter.
Hydrostatic
These alarms can measure both maximum and current filling of tanks. Their operating principle is demonstrated in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Fill measurement with gyrostatic sensor The device is built on the principle of measuring the level of pressure produced by a column of liquid. Acceptable accuracy and low cost made this type quite popular.
Within the scope of the article, we cannot examine all types of alarms, for example, rotary-flag ones, for identifying granular substances (a signal is sent when the fan blade gets stuck in a granular medium, after first tearing out the pit). It also makes no sense to consider the principle of operation of radioisotope meters, much less recommend them for checking the level of drinking water.
How to choose?
The choice of a water level sensor in a tank depends on many factors, the main ones:
- Composition of the liquid. Depending on the content of foreign impurities in the water, the density and electrical conductivity of the solution may change, which is likely to affect the readings.
- The volume of the tank and the material from which it is made.
- The functional purpose of the container is to accumulate liquid.
- The need to control the minimum and maximum level, or monitoring of the current state is required.
- Admissibility of integration into an automated control system.
- Switching capabilities of the device.
This is not a complete list to choose from. measuring instruments of this type. Naturally, for domestic use it is possible to significantly reduce the selection criteria, limiting them to the volume of the tank, the type of operation and the control circuit. A significant reduction in requirements makes it possible to independently manufacture such a device.
Making a water level sensor in a tank with your own hands
Let's say there is a task to automate work submersible pump for water supply to the dacha. Typically, water enters storage capacity Therefore, we need to make sure that the pump turns off automatically when it fills. It is not at all necessary to buy a laser or radar level indicator for this purpose; in fact, you don’t need to purchase any. A simple task requires simple solution, it is shown in Figure 8.
To solve the problem, you will need a magnetic starter with a 220-volt coil and two reed switches: a minimum level for closing, a maximum level for opening. The pump connection diagram is simple and, importantly, safe. The principle of operation was described above, but let’s repeat it:
- As the water collects, the float with the magnet gradually rises until it reaches the maximum level reed switch.
- The magnetic field opens the reed switch, turning off the starter coil, which leads to de-energization of the engine.
- As the water flows, the float drops until it reaches the minimum mark opposite the lower reed switch, its contacts close, and voltage is supplied to the starter coil, which supplies voltage to the pump. Such a water level sensor in a tank can work for decades, unlike electronic system management.
We will send the material to you by e-mail
The choice of plumbing equipment must be approached responsibly. All manufacturers' requirements must be followed. A water pressure regulator in a water supply system can prevent many troubles. Pressure surges inside the plumbing system can lead to breakdown of even expensive and proven structures. In this case, a special device will help.
Control device design
Units that help maintain a certain amount of pressure are used for commercial purposes and at home. They have the following advantages:
- protect networks from water hammer;
- eliminate equipment failure due to pressure drops;
- water consumption decreases;
- when the operating pressure decreases, the noise produced also decreases;
- At the outlet, the pressure has a constant value, despite the fact that jumps may occur at the inlet.
Using a water pressure reducer in the water supply system, the movement of fluid is stabilized and hydraulic shocks are dampened.
Similar products used in water supply networks for various purposes, in structures for irrigation, in water filling stations and in various systems fire extinguishing
Helpful information! Regulating mechanisms are installed at the entrance to the water riser or into the building itself.
Installation features
This device is placed at the entrance to a residential building, behind pumping equipment or elements shut-off valves. The water pressure reducer in the water supply system allows you to dose the pressure in the mains.
If the device is different large diameter, then a filter device is installed to purify the water. A shut-off valve is also installed, which is necessary for ease of maintenance or repair work. Pressure gauges are mounted on the line before and after the regulator, allowing for adjustment and systematic inspection.
When choosing a device, you need to know acceptable indicators pressure losses and throughputs.
Helpful information! Before purchasing, you need to consider the possible speed in the inlet pipe. These indicators are indicated in the documents accompanying the product.
Design features and types
Before you buy a water pressure regulator, you need to choose the appropriate option.
Lever flange pressure regulator in water supply system
The lever model restrains excess pressure in the pipeline network before installing the mechanism and after the installation site. This helps regulate flow.
The device consists of a steel or cast iron body, a lever structure with supporting elements, stems with valves, a cover and a special mechanism with a membrane. Valves provide access under the influence of loads. They help regulate the pressure after the structure is installed. Setup steps include special weight calculations and load accounting.
Household regulator
The water pressure regulator in the domestic water supply system is produced by the Russian company Pascal. Household devices help extend the service life of valves and pipelines. The devices also help reduce noise, pressure and vibration.
Installation of such gearboxes reduces water supply costs and electricity consumption.
Electronic variant
An electronic device starts a low-power pump when water is drawn from the system. This mechanism is silent. A special sensor protects against possible water hammer and operation of the pumping mechanism without water.
The regulator consists of a special diaphragm, a board, a bushing for connecting to the cable and the main housing element.
Helpful information! The electronic device is installed up to the first water intake mark. The presence of incoming pipes facilitates the installation of the mechanism in the main line. Before starting the regulating product, the pump tank should be filled with water.
Electronic water pressure regulator in an apartment: how to regulate the mechanism?
Manufacturers install in the design optimal pressure with a value of 1.5 bar. It is worth considering that the nominal value should be 0.8 bar greater than the starting value. The starting value is adjusted using a special screwdriver.
Related article:
Direct acting pressure regulator
The flange valve distinguishes the product of an industrial water pressure regulator in a water supply system. The price for it varies from 30 thousand rubles. Values are adjusted using network settings.
The device consists of the following parts:
- boxes with incoming and outgoing flanges;
- bushings;
- large valve;
- membranes and impulse pipes;
- pilot valve parts.
If the value exceeds a possible threshold, then the liquid enters the valve container. In this case, the membrane closes the passage hole of the regulator. After the pressure decreases, the membrane opens the passage slightly.
Honeywell device
Household models include Honeywell. The device promotes economical distribution of water and also helps maintain constant values from the network. The manufacturer produces combined models with a regulator and filters in one housing.
Helpful information! Purification of water from various contaminants makes it possible to increase performance water supply structures. In this case, you can rinse without turning off the water.
Regulators for apartments
A regulating mechanism will help improve the quality of water supply in the apartment. For a residential building, you can select a device with a throughput capacity of 3 m3/hour.
The following rules will help you install the device correctly:
- the device must be installed in a heated and accessible room;
- there should be no external influences on the surface of the product;
- the arrow on the box should point in the direction of flow movement;
- Before installation, the lines are cleaned;
- It is recommended to install a strainer.
Helpful information! To facilitate maintenance of the device, it is recommended to install a special valve.
The principle of operation of the mechanism
The reducer is a valve for pressure containment and regulation. The work of the structure is to smooth out the forces of two types of equipment under pressure flow. There are two types of regulators:
- devices with pressure regulation in the area upstream of the device;
- mechanisms that stabilize the pressure in the mains connected to the outlet of the structure.
The advantage of such devices is practicality and reliability in operation. If the settings are followed, the mechanism is able to maintain the specified parameters.
How to adjust the device?
When adjusting the device, the installed pressure gauge helps. The adjusting screw should be rotated until the pressure gauge shows required values. This screw is installed on the equipment housing. It can be moved using a hex wrench.
The adjustment is made as follows:
- the valve opens;
- all water collection points are closed;
- the required pressure indicator is set;
- water sampling points are opened and the pressure value set to the parameter is checked.
Helpful information! The permissible value of pressure fluctuations should be within 10%.
Article