Do hazelnuts grow in Siberia? Hazelnut (hazelnut) Siberian red-leaved “Alida. Hazel: beneficial properties and contraindications

Hazel and hazelnut are rare guests in our garden plots. And this is quite strange, considering how much one kilogram of nuts costs.

On a plot of four acres, you can create an entire hazelnut garden that will bear fruit well.

Hazelnuts prefer soils that are light in mechanical composition and rich in organic matter. If the soil on the site is different, then it must be corrected by adding sand and humus to the planting hole.

Moreover, relatively little humus is needed. And sand must be poured without sparing. Doesn't like hazelnuts acidic soils, so it wouldn’t hurt to add a little ash to the hole when planting.

About varieties and harvest

The first nuts, in theory, should appear in the fifth or sixth year, but when good care We will try the first nuts on the second.

True, at this age only two to five nuts are removed from the bushes, but at next year the harvest will already be more significant.

With age, the number of nuts in each fruit increases, the clusters become larger and heavier.

Such numerous inflorescences are distinguished by varieties A Kademik Yablokov and No. 4219.

Academician Yablokov

The plants of this variety are very beautiful. Female inflorescences have dark maroon, almost black stigmas, so during spring bloom one always gets the impression that they have frozen out, but by mid-June this impression is dispelled by the appearance of a copious amount of nuts setting.

Excessively thin shells contribute to severe damage to the nuts by the weevil. Variety late date ripening. Pollinators for this variety are Tambov late, as well as Pervenets.

Winter hardiness is average - male inflorescences and annual growth freeze slightly. Female inflorescences can withstand spring frosts down to minus 6 - 7°C. The bush has a beautiful cup-shaped shape

However, varietal hazelnuts are difficult to obtain, but savages also provide good harvests. True, their nuts are often small.

Ivanteevsky hazelnuts are famous - they are frost-resistant, like northern hazel, and productive and large-fruited, like southern hazelnuts.

Moscow ruby

The color of its leaves, plumes and the nut itself is bright crimson at the beginning of summer, and dark crimson by the end of summer.

There are 7-8, and sometimes up to 15 large nuts in the fruit.

The kernel is tender, with excellent dessert taste. In the Moscow region, nuts ripen in the first ten days of October. The bush is vigorous, powerful, up to 4.5 m high, winter-hardy, productive. It bears fruit almost every year - 3-4 kg per bush.

Tambov early

The Tambov early variety can grow throughout the entire range of common hazel. It is frost-resistant, withstands frosts down to −42°C. The time for its nuts to ripen occurs in the Moscow and Tambov regions on August 15-20.

There are from 2 to 10 nuts in a plus. The yield from a bush aged 10 or more years is up to 4 kg, from 1 hectare - up to 16 c. Seedling from free pollination of the local form (Tambov region) of common hazel.

It produces many male inflorescences and is a good pollinator for other varieties.

Sugar

A bush of medium vigor (3-3.5m) with a spreading, dense crown. The yield is up to 3-4 kg per bush. The fruits weigh (1.8 g), round with a thin shell.

Ripening period: end of August - beginning of September. Winter hardiness is high.

Excellent taste - hence the name - “Sugar”. The variety is very decorative - the leaves and nuts on the bush are dark cherry in color. The highest quality of the harvested fruits is superior to all other varieties in terms of oil and sugar content.

Girls - boys

When designing a walnut orchard, it is necessary to take into account that nuts are a wind-pollinated crop, that is, they bear fruit better when several varieties grow nearby. You can plant one bush of wild hazel in the garden for pollination - the yield of other hazelnuts will only increase.

Bush formation

Three years after planting, the hazelnut bush must be formed. The ideal crown shape for a nut is considered to be a bowl. To do this, you need to annually remove all shoots growing in the center of the crown, and cut the central conductor above the side branches to the outer bud.

It is best to prune in the spring before the buds on the shoots swell. The signal for it is considered to be the fall of earrings.

But the nut garden begins with the acquisition of seedlings. Here, of course, you need to choose, varieties differ in yield. Thus, an adult bush of the Akademik Yablokov variety produces 10 kg of nuts. Therefore, choosing a variety is a crucial moment.

How to propagate

If desired, you can propagate the variety you like by planting cuttings, and by the end of summer they will take root. Such layerings when planting on permanent place They produce a harvest within a year and retain all the characteristics of the mother plant.

Hazelnuts can also be propagated by seeds. Once sown, they will acclimatize perfectly and will be resistant to the vicissitudes of the weather. But then the harvest will have to wait five to seven years, and it is still unknown what a dark horse will grow from these seeds. You can easily wait seven years for hazelnut fruits, and then it turns out that it would be better not to plant them.

Therefore, we are only interested in seedlings from vegetative propagation, which guarantee us excellent results.

How to choose a seedling

In order not to make a mistake when purchasing seedlings, you need to pay attention to their roots. If they are pivotal, then these are seedlings, that is, undesirable for us. But if the root is fibrous and extends from the stem in a non-standard way, this is what we need.

A few notes from practice:

● seedlings that are deeply buried during planting may die;

● watering seedlings in the first two years of cultivation in dry weather is very desirable, since their root system is very weak and they will suffer from a lack of moisture;

● when autumn planting you need to mulch the tree trunk circle, that is, protect the seedlings from freezing.

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Hazelnut (hazelnut) Siberian red-leaved "Alida" ⋆ Ecofarm22.rf

Home / Seedlings and cuttings / Hazelnut (hazelnut) Siberian / Hazelnut (hazelnut) Siberian red-leaved “Alida”

Valuable multi-stemmed nut-bearing shrub up to 3.5 m tall. Unpretentious to growing conditions, winter-hardy. Hazel bears fruit from 4-5 years after planting. Some varieties are very productive and can produce up to 7 kg. from a bush of delicious and very healthy nuts. The fruits ripen by the end of August.

Our online store also has green-leafed Siberian variety"Lentina".

25 in stock

Valuable multi-stemmed nut-bearing shrub up to 3.5 m tall. Unpretentious to growing conditions, winter-hardy. The bush bears fruit from 4-5 years after planting. Some varieties are very productive and can produce up to 7 kg. from a bush of delicious and very healthy nuts. The fruits ripen by the end of August.

This variety has young shoots and foliage of a dark burgundy color. As the shoot grows, they are repainted green color.

Hazelnut bushes grow in a circle with a diameter of more than a meter due to rhizomes on which dormant buds are located.

You MUST plant several varieties of hazelnuts on your garden plot (at least 2 different varieties) adapted to the conditions of Siberia (I am writing about regions of Russia with similar climates). One bush will NEVER bear fruit (this applies to any varieties of hazelnuts).

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Hazel or hazelnut

Hazel is a multi-stemmed shrub 2–5 m high. It has rounded leaves with serrated edges. Grows in the temperate zone of Eurasia and America (American species). Many hazelnut lovers in their garden often encounter the fact that only a small handful of nuts can be collected from a large spreading hazel bush, while in wild hazelnut thickets nuts can be collected in bags. What is the reason, and how can you make your “homemade” hazel tree bear fruit abundantly?

Hazelnut is a monoecious, wind-pollinated, self-sterile plant. Therefore, for normal pollination and fruiting, 2–3 varieties (or seedlings) should be planted simultaneously.

Hazel blossoms very early, when there are no leaves yet. Male flowers are collected in drooping catkins and bloom for 3–5 days.

Photo: male flowers hazel

Female ones - in inconspicuous shortened inflorescences of 2 pieces, bloom for up to 15 days. The fruit is a nut.

Photo: female hazel flower Often male flowers are subject to spring return frosts. After flowering, the catkins fall off (the ovary is hidden in the bud), the leaves bloom in May, and the nuts ripen in August–September. The place for planting hazel should be chosen as snowy, warm, well-lit, protected from the winds, with groundwater no closer than 1–1.5 m. Hazel is planted 2–4 m from other plants. Hazelnuts are an extremely demanding plant when it comes to fertility, feeding, and watering. The soil where it grows must be drained. Hazelnuts require shaping like an openwork bush (since it sprouts abundantly and thickens). For the winter, the hazel is bent down and covered with snow. In the Siberian zone (including Altai), hybrid forms of hazel are grown. The selection was started in Altai by Z. I. Luchnik, and is now being carried out by V. G. Ryabushkina. Promising forms and varieties of hazelnuts have been created.

Barnaul (Alida, Lentina) and Biysk varieties are known - hybrid forms (Biysky green-leaved, Biysky red-leaved, Biysky Sharova).

Anna Solovyova, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences

antonovsad.ru

Hazel (hazelnut) Hazelnut

An important advantage is the high winter hardiness of the plant. Hazelnut was widely used as the basis for obtaining new winter-hardy hazelnut varieties.

common common hazel, growing wild in southern regions our country and in the middle zone, as well as in Siberia. Hazelnuts are unpretentious to soils, but grow better on fertile sandy (light) soils and are easy to propagate. The plant is monoecious, the flowers are bisexual. Most varieties are cross-pollinated. It is advisable to plant several varieties of hazelnuts on a personal plot.

Caring for the crop is simple. The formation of a bush begins at 3-4 years of age, when rhizome growth has already appeared. In each bush, 10-12 shoots are left, located as far as possible from one another. Hazelnuts do not like thickening, since poor lighting significantly reduces the yield. Every year in autumn or spring it is necessary to remove excess growth and dry branches, thereby taking care of the rejuvenation of the bush. The optimal number of main branches of different ages in a bush should be no more than 12-16 pieces.

When planting, one bucket of humus is placed in the hole. In the dry season, seedlings should be watered, preventing the soil from drying out.

Hazelnut bushes grow in a circle with a diameter of more than a meter due to rhizomes on which dormant buds are located. Therefore, seedlings are placed mainly according to the 3x3 m or 3x4 m pattern. In personal gardens and garden plots, with good care, seedlings are planted immediately in a permanent place, 2-3 shoots per hole. A plant planted in a permanent place begins to bear fruit already in the 3-4th year.

Hazelnut and wild hazel kernels contain all 20 amino acids necessary for the human body, 9 vitamins, macro- and microelements. They also have medicinal properties. Nuts in any form are perfectly absorbed by the body and retain their taste when stored in ordinary room conditions up to 4 years, like no other ready-made, non-canned product. They are very widely used for the production of confectionery products as one of the exquisite types of sweets, halva. Walnut oil, which contains up to 30% of the most valuable unsaturated fatty linoleic acid for humans, is used to prevent sclerosis and for the manufacture of medications (ointments, creams for the treatment of arthritis, nervous diseases and adenomas).

On a personal plot, it is advisable to plant several varieties of hazelnuts adapted to the conditions of Siberia.

Hazelnut varieties obtained in Altai, accepted for state variety testing of the Russian Federation.

Lentina (seedling of the Tambov early variety) is a green-leaved form. The bush is compact. Nuts average size, with a thin peel. The kernel is in a light silky film, tasty and tender. Full maturity occurs in mid-August, and they fall off themselves. At the stage of milky ripeness, they are suitable for consumption in early August. There are 3-7 nuts in the fruit.

Alida (seedling of the Moscow Ruby variety) is distinguished by very beautiful reddish large leaves. There are 4-6 nuts in the fruit. They ripen in early September.

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Hazelnut - garden form hazelnut(hazel).

It's compact shrubby plant with dark green foliage and nuts, reaching a height of up to 3 m. The culture is unpretentious and will take root on summer cottage Very good.
It is grown even in northern latitudes, since some varieties of trees can withstand temperatures down to -50˚C. Hazelnuts begin to bear fruit after 4-6 years.

The Slavs are very superstitious people. Since ancient times, there has been such a belief that if during a thunderstorm you hide under a hazel tree in the forest or tuck several hazel twigs into your belt, then lightning will bypass this place. And people firmly believed that hazel twigs could scare away evil spirits. They carried a small twig with them to ward off evil spirits and drive away snakes in the forest. They also laid out hazel branches in barns where grain reserves were stored for the winter - mice do not like this tree and try to avoid it. Therefore, there were never mice in the granaries, which means the supplies were completely safe.

The Southern Slavs have this belief: if you go into the forest on the Christian holiday of Trinity and find a hazel tree, you can try to communicate with the spirits of deceased relatives who descend from heaven on this day along the thin branches of the hazel tree, and then return in the same way.

This tree belongs to the birch family. The plant lives in coniferous and mixed forests. Small shrubs are most common. The hazel leaves are round and large, the shape is interesting, reminiscent of the body of a bream fish.
The flowers of this plant are unisexual, the male ones are thick catkins that grow on short branches. They develop in autumn period and calmly endure wintering so that with the onset of warmth they have time to bloom even before the first leaves appear.
Female flowers can be distinguished from male flowers by this feature: they are collected by buds and “sit” in pairs in bracts (in their axils).
Female flowers can also be distinguished by their underdeveloped perianth and lower ovary with one ovule in each nest. Due to the fact that one testicle does not develop, it turns out that the fruit is a woody pericarp, or nut.
Each nut is “dressed” in a plus (a small “skirt” or incised cover), which originates from the pre-leaves of female flowers.

The hazel flowering period is early March. At this time, inflorescences are actively forming, and pollen is carried by the wind.

In our region, summer residents have actively begun to grow hazel. The flowering period is much later due to climate conditions.

Hazelnut varieties

Early Trebizond. You can harvest from tall bushes by the end of July. The nuts are large, oval, with a slightly pointed nose. They are easy to clean because the fruits are covered with a thin shell.

Cosford. Nuts are collected from the tree from mid-August. The fruits are large, oblong in shape. The variety is notable for being resistant to common diseases and pest attacks.

Warsaw red. A shrub with red leaves, forms a spherical shape. Gardeners grow this variety not only to produce hazelnuts, but also to decorate the garden. The fruits are large and tasty.

Almond-shaped. The variety got its name because of its unusual taste - the seeds have an almond flavor. The fruits are medium in size, with a thin shell. Trees, when growing conditions are met, produce high yields.

Barcelona. The plant develops a dense, heavily leafy crown. Under favorable conditions it can grow up to 5 m in height. Hazelnuts of this variety tolerate cold well. The nuts are very large, slightly flattened. The fruit kernels are tasty, juicy, covered with a thin shell. Gardeners begin harvesting in early September. The main disadvantage of the Barcelona variety is its vulnerability to moniliosis.

Roman. The variety is famous for its large nuts, which begin to ripen by August. The plant is resistant to diseases and pests.

Halle. The tree grows densely leafy. The nuts are cone-shaped, large, with a thick shell. This hazelnut variety is more suitable for growing in the southern regions, since the fruits ripen only towards the end of September. Galle is considered the most prolific variety of all.

Features of growing hazelnuts

Hazelnut, being a forest plant, prefers warm, sunny, well-protected strong winds places. Select an area near the southwestern or western wall of the house to grow a tree.

If this is not possible, then hedges can provide protection from drafts. But make sure that the plants are located no closer to the hazelnuts than 4-5 m. Otherwise, the root system will lack nutrients.
Hazelnuts do not like frequently flooded lands - grow them where a lot of moisture does not accumulate in the spring. Groundwater should lie no closer than 1.5 m to the ground surface.

Immediately before planting, remove the weeds and dig up the area (one and a half bayonets).
Apply fertilizers to the upper layers of the soil for better survival of seedlings - 50 g of potassium salt and 200 g of superphosphate. Dimensions of planting holes - 60*50 cm.

The best time for landings hazelnuts - early October. Since the tree has a very short dormant period, many seedlings do not take root in the spring. If you missed the deadline, then carry out spring planting in April-May.

Place the seedling in the hole so that the trunk of the tree is buried 3-4 cm deeper into the ground than it was planted in the nursery.
In this case, the root collar should not be covered with soil. The roots in the hole must be carefully straightened and covered with loose soil.
After planting the plant, the tree trunk circle is watered abundantly - 20-25 liters of water. And when the moisture is absorbed into the soil, mulch the ground using sawdust, bark, wood chips or peat. Trim the planted plant to 5-6 buds.

If you plant several specimens, then follow a certain pattern:

distance between rows - 5-6 m,
the distance between plants is 4-4.5 m.

Despite the fact that hazelnuts do not like swamps, abundant timely watering he responds well. This is especially important in dry summers - the plant may die.
Depending on the weather, hazelnuts are moistened 1-2 times a month.

In July, regularly check whether the soil around the trunk has dried out - during this period, many varieties begin to actively grow fruits that need an abundance of nutrients.

At fertilizer hazelnuts, if they grow on soil rich in microelements, you need to use a minimum of nitrogen fertilizers. In this case, the green mass grows abundantly, but the yield decreases. Organic matter, such as slurry, is mainly used as a source of nutrients. Before the growing season begins, the nut will need potassium and phosphorus. When the ovaries begin to grow, hazelnuts can be fertilized with 0.5% urea. During the fruiting period, add 1-2 buckets of humus (with the addition of 100 g of nitroammophosphate) to the tree trunk circles. Already in the fall, feed the tree with wood ash.

To keep moisture in the ground longer, update regularly mulch.

In the first 3-5 years, the land must be carefully cultivated - remove weeds and loosen the beds. Do not allow the top layer of soil to become covered with a dense crust. Make sure that the trunk circle is no less than the size of the crown. Loosen a depth of 5-7 cm is sufficient, otherwise the roots may be damaged.

Adult specimens persistently endure winter. But young seedlings need protection. In the first 3 years, cover the bush with spunbond. You can use another method - bend the branches to the ground and cover them with spruce branches and snow. This way you will protect young shoots from strong gusts of wind.

An important rule in caring for hazelnuts is timely pruning of plants. Many of its varieties grow strongly, which does not contribute to abundant harvests and causes diseases.

Photo from open sources in the Internet

Cut off excess growth from the plant at a young age. And when it enters the fruiting phase, you will only need to renew the shoots, since nuts are formed only on one-year-old wood. Anti-aging pruning carried out in the spring, and cut off old damaged branches in the fall.

Photos from open sources on the Internet

Harvest start collecting when the nuts begin to fall out of the wrapper. Do this by hand or just shake the tree.
This will be followed by the stage of separating the wrapper from the fruit and drying the crop.

Hazelnut diseases and pests

The most common hazelnut disease that many gardeners have to deal with is powdery mildew. This is a fungus that attacks leaves and shoots. They are covered with a grayish sticky coating. Later, black spots appear on the mold. The bad thing is that the fungus can easily survive the winter and then return to the plant. If you find traces on the foliage powdery mildew, remove the damaged parts of the plant and burn them. Hazelnuts can be sprayed several times with a 10-day break with a 2% solution of lime-sulfur decoction.

Nut weevil . Female insects chew through the nuts - they can no longer be eaten. You can free hazelnuts from the nut weevil by deep digging around the tree trunk, since the larvae and adults live in the soil. Spraying with special means will help.

Walnut longhorned beetle. The bug infects the shoots of the plant, which affects the yield reduction. Damaged branches die off completely over time. Cut off and burn the affected stems, treat the plant with special solutions.

I have hazel growing. Two varietal bushes (green and red) and an ordinary one, from nuts that sprouted last year in the spring. The growth of varietal varieties is good, but the green one grows upward, while the red one somehow grows wider.

Here are my first years:

And here are the leaves of the red leaf:

I took nuts for planting from a neighbor. That year, before winter, I put a handful in the grass, went and looked at it on the weekend, and the nuts hatched!!!
Here's the beauty next door:

Hazelnuts: characteristics, varieties, care, reproduction and beneficial features

Hazelnut is a domesticated species of hazel, hazelnut, and belongs to the nut family. This plant has the appearance of a perennial bush, the height of which is slightly more than 7 meters. The branches are thick, long, and have dense leaves, the shape of which can be oval or round depending on the variety. The tip of the leaves is pointed, but they themselves are embossed and jagged at the edges.

This bush blooms in a period unusual for all plants - from December to March. It produces male flowers - catkins and female flowers, small buds with barely visible red stigmas. All hazelnut flowers tolerate frosts down to -30 and retain their vital functions.

The bush does not need insects for pollination; all processes occur with the help of the wind.

Hazelnut fruits are large and have a thin shell, which makes them different from wild plants. Ripening occurs at the end of summer and beginning of autumn, but varieties with earlier ripening have also been bred.

The Black Sea coast and its eastern part are considered the birthplace of hazelnuts. The word hazelnut itself is translated from Turkish as “from the Black Sea”.

Hazelnut varieties

Hazelnut varieties:

hybrid variety

early varieties

early years

Hazelnut care

The hazelnut bush bears fruit only in bright areas well warmed by the sun. Therefore, when planting, you should choose a sunny place. Almost any soil suits it. Sandy and salty places should be avoided. A moisture-loving plant, hazelnuts, however, do not tolerate waterlogging. When there is an excess of water, the roots begin to rot and the branches become affected by diseases. The bush can be planted on slopes.

Due to the fact that its roots are superficial, an adult hazelnut bush is excellent plant to strengthen loose slopes.

The soil should be fertile and with good drainage. After rains and regular watering, it must be loosened around the bush, without burying the tool below 15 cm, so as not to damage the root system.

Watering is necessary during a particularly hot period, which usually begins at the end of June. Also during this period, fruit formation occurs, which increases the plant’s moisture consumption.

Feeding the bush:

mineral fertilizers

Hazelnut bushes are resistant to diseases and pests. But for prevention at the end of October - beginning of November and in early spring branches are treated with iron sulfate. Sometimes powdery mildew appears on the leaves; such bushes must be treated with a solution of colloidal sulfur.

Insulation for the winter is not required, since many varieties tolerate winter temperature drops well. However, due to the fact that the roots are located superficially, young bushes are sprinkled with dry leaves or sawdust for the winter. They should be removed in early spring to prevent them from rotting.

Hazelnut pruning

The hazelnut bush needs regular pruning and removing unnecessary branches. The autumn months are suitable for this process. The formation of a bush begins from the 2nd – 3rd year of the plant’s life. To do this, you need to select 5–8 large branches of the shoots, which are located at a distance from each other.

These shoots will make up the bulk of the crown. The remaining branches must be cut at the root. Formation takes place until the bush is 5 years old, after which it is simply thinned out and the shoots are removed.

When the bush thickens greatly, the yield decreases. Therefore, pruning should be carried out annually, removing excess internal branches.

An adult plant that has reached 11 years old must be rejuvenated annually. This process is carried out early spring period. In this case, old thick branches are removed, and in their place a large branch is selected from the shoots and the top is cut off to enhance branching.

Hazelnut propagation

Hazelnuts can be propagated in two ways: seed and vegetative. The most the easy way is sowing nuts. However, there are some nuances to consider here. Basically, with this method of propagation, daughter bushes do not inherit the characteristics of the mother tree.

That is, the fruits can be smaller sizes or the yield is significantly reduced. In rare cases, seed propagation produces a high-yielding bush with large fruits.

Propagation using seeds:

Sowing occurs almost immediately after collecting nuts in September or October. You can postpone sowing to the spring, but for this it is necessary to stratify the seeds. Place them in peat or wet sand and keep them at a temperature no higher than +6 degrees, but not lower than +1. Also, such nuts must be stirred once every 10-12 days so that oxygen gets to them. When planting nuts, they are buried 8 cm in the autumn and no deeper than 5 cm in the spring. The site is regularly loosened and weeds removed. Also in the warm months, watering is necessary; the soil should not be dry for a long period. Such procedures are carried out until the seedlings are 2 years old, when they can already be replanted.

During vegetative propagation, all the characteristics of the mother bush are preserved.

Reproduction using layering:

To do this, in early spring, a strong layer is tilted to the ground, a depression of up to 15 cm is made and the shoot is placed in the hole. The top must be sprinkled with fertile soil. The top must be left above the ground and tied vertically to the support. The place where the shoot is buried must be watered regularly; if the soil dries out, the young roots may die. You can separate the daughter bush from the mother bush in the second year.

You can also propagate hazelnuts by dividing the rhizomes:

This process is carried out when transplanting a young bush. It is dug up and divided into the required number of parts so that 3-5 shoots remain on each new plant. After this, the hazelnuts are planted in pre-prepared holes. It is advisable to plant a young hazelnut bush in early spring or by mid-autumn. To do this, you need to prepare a hole, the size of which should be 50 cm in length, width and depth. The soil from the pit can be mixed with humus, superphosphate and fertilizer containing potassium. This mixture needs to fill half the hole, forming a mound. Afterwards, the seedling must be dipped in a clay solution, so that the entire root system is immersed. A bush is placed in the resulting depression, the roots of which are located along the mound, and it is filled with the remaining soil so that the root collar rises a couple of centimeters above the ground. It is advisable to leave a gap of at least 2 meters between the bushes. After the ground has been trampled a little, the bush should be well watered and mulched. Sawdust or dry grass are suitable for this. To increase fertility, it is recommended to plant 2-3 different varieties of hazelnuts in one area.

Useful properties of hazelnuts

Hazelnut fruits are very healthy; they contain 70% nut oil, which is perfectly absorbed by the human body. Due to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, eating hazelnuts improves metabolism and the elimination of toxins from the body. It also has a high protein content, which is not inferior in quantity to meat, and is much better absorbed. Therefore, hazelnuts are one of the favorite nuts of vegetarians.

In addition, hazelnut kernels contain a large number of vitamins and minerals. It is recommended for use by people with increased physical and mental stress. If you mix chopped hazelnuts with dried apricots and honey, you will get an excellent remedy for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

The nut is also a strong allergen, so it is worth considering this drawback when consuming or using it.

Hazelnuts are widely used in the confectionery industry. Nuts are used in the preparation of sweets and cakes, halva and cookies and in the production of many other delicacies.

Due to their high oil content, hazelnuts are used for the production of masks and other cosmetic products.

Also, some varieties of hazelnuts are used as decorative bushes. They are planted near houses and gazebos. Basically, these varieties have leaves that are colored red or reddish. By autumn they become brighter, which will perfectly decorate any garden.

More information about hazelnuts can be found in the video.

Common hazel (hazel) planting and care, variety description, propagation

Common hazel (hazel): planting and care, variety description, propagation

There are different methods of propagation: vegetative and seed. The seed method is used when growing seedlings. For sowing, ripened nuts are taken and sown immediately after harvest in September.

Varietal shrubs are propagated vegetative way:

Layering Rhizomes Grafting Dividing bushes Cuttings

When propagated by layering young shoots are bent and rooted to the ground, without being torn away from the bush. Everything should be done with caution so as not to harm the buds that will produce young shoots.

Rhizomatous shoots The plant appears in the third year after planting the seedlings. One shrub produces more than a hundred shoots, and they are used for propagation. Separate three-year-old rhizomes along the edges of the bush using a hatchet, shovel or hacksaw. The shoots have weak roots; they are planted in one hole, 3 pieces each. And in nurseries they grow for about 2 years to strengthen the root system.

Hazel can also be propagated by dividing the bush.. The uprooted bush is divided into several parts so that each stump has roots. After planting, abundant watering should be done to ensure good establishment of the bush. Already in the third year, such seedlings begin to bear fruit.

To propagate by grafting, cuttings are harvested in the fall and stored in a cool place. The grafting is done in the spring in the butt, in a split or behind the bark. Bark grafting takes root better. The grafts are smeared with garden varnish and covered with film. After the buds open, the film is removed.

Hazel propagation by grafting

Hazel cuttings are rooted in closed ground with high humidity.. It is necessary to cut seedlings 10 centimeters long and remove the lower leaves. After this, prepare a composition of sand, peat, soil and humus. The cuttings are planted in boxes with moist soil under a film. After 3 weeks, after the roots appear, the film is removed.

Hazelnut planting and care

Hazelnut planting and care Pruning after planting. Its goal is to restore equivalent growth conditions, weakened during the process of root transplantation, with the above-ground part of the plant. The upper stem leaves increase the rate of moisture evaporation, which weakens growth. Therefore, the stems of seedlings are shortened immediately during planting. Trimming into tree shape. This form simplifies care and allows you to grow a larger number of hazel specimens per unit of occupied space. Provides free access to light, moisture, air, which significantly increases annual yield. It is recommended to grow a tree with a trunk of up to 40 cm, having no more than eight strong branches of the first order. The maximum height of a tree is not made higher than three meters. Male and female flowers grow on the side branches of the previous season. Old side branches are removed to the ring. The shape of the tree resembles a bowl. Pruning according to the shape of the bush. Most often, hazel grows in the form of a wide bush. This is its natural state in nature. The main focus in the shaping process is on thinning rather than shortening. The purpose of pruning is to create conditions that are optimal for the appearance of a large number of young shoots. Harvesting crops growing on bushes is considered a more complex process. Usually they wait for ripening and shake off all the fruits. The bush is formed on the basis of new basal shoots, the appearance of which is accelerated by shortening the stem of the seedling. From them the skeletal branches of the crown are formed. Skeleton-forming pruning. Usually the bush is shaped like a vase or boat. In the first option, all trunks growing inward are cut out annually. Cut the central shoot to a level with the side branches on the outer bud. In dense bushes, the central branches of the middle part of the bush are removed to provide access. When creating a boat shape, the middle branches are also removed, and some of the side branches are tilted in opposite directions and tied. This resembles a version of the trellis garter used for grapes and raspberries. The purpose of annual formative pruning is to maintain optimal illumination of the crown. Anti-aging pruning. The long life of a hazel tree requires regular removal of old, diseased parts of the tree or bush. Otherwise, their productivity drops sharply. After pruning, young shoots actively grow, replacing unnecessary skeletal branches. Rejuvenation is carried out in two ways. Due to the gradual removal of several branches each year and radical methods, pruning the entire bush at once. They cut it above the ground, lay a film on top, and monitor the formation of young growth. On new shoots, the desired shape is created anew.

Planting, care

In a permanent place, hazelnuts can grow and bear fruit for 100 years. Its valuable, tasty fruits can be enjoyed by several generations of people. Therefore, determining the place to plant hazelnuts must be taken responsibly and competently.

The soil

The nut grows worst on soil with a high acidity content. This can be corrected by treating with lime and regularly adding dolomite flour. Most often it is recommended to apply 0.5 kg per square meter surfaces. An important criterion for choosing any type of soil is its fertility, moisture without excessive amounts of water. It is not advisable to plant the plant on slopes facing south. Early awakening of the buds under the influence of spring sun rays leads to damage to female flowers during unexpected spring frosts. How to salt hazelnuts in the country? It is advisable to find a sunny, windless place on the site away from large trees. They do this on slopes that are unsuitable for growing other trees. At the same time, their surface is well strengthened by the root system of the nut, preventing soil erosion.

Landing technology

How to plant hazelnuts? Planting hazelnuts in spring is often used, but best time The month for planting seedlings is October. At this time of early autumn it is still warm and the soil is moderately moist. About thirty days before planting, prepare a hole about half a meter deep and wide. It is filled with a mixture that should contain humus, fertilizer, and several handfuls of mycorrhiza. This creates a nutritious environment for the roots, which actively grow in the early years of the nut’s life. A vertical peg is attached to the center of the hole. A seedling is installed nearby, straightening the roots. The level of the root collar is deepened to 4 cm. The neck is not covered. The stem is shortened above the fifth bud. Water and mulch the plantings. Spring planting is possible after the soil has steadily warmed up.

Care

The main requirements for optimal cultivation of hazel are timely watering, removal of weeds, rejuvenation of bushes, crown formation, proper preventive pruning, disease prevention, and pest control. The plant formation procedure is carried out regularly, starting from the third year of life. Eight strong stems are left for the future crown. The remaining trunks are removed at the root. The harvest is planted on new shoots. Fertilizers are applied twice a year. In summer they use ash. Nitrogen fertilizers are used only in early spring. They stimulate growth but reduce yield. The plant is resistant to many diseases and pests. The threat to growth is posed by the larvae of the common cockchafer. One of the tips in the fight against larvae and beetles is to plant white clover and perennial lupine next to the tree. All autumn leaves must be removed, it is better to burn them, destroying the hibernation site of powdery mildew. In the fight against weevils, it is recommended to carry out regular spring treatment karbofos.

Hazelnuts are considered a plant for lazy gardeners who do not like to carry out complex agricultural activities. However, a lot of work must be invested in planting and caring for huge industrial hazelnut plantations. Its commercial production is profitable. It has been mastered in Turkey, Italy and other countries. Purchase prices for one kg of nuts fluctuate around $7. And healthy nut butter will always find a market in any quantity.

Reproduction

There are several options for propagating hazelnuts. The use of a particular one depends on experience, required quantity planting material, availability of a sample for planting. The question of how to grow hazelnuts from nuts is now of interest to a large number of gardeners.

Seed method

This method is used by breeders to solve their research problems. The offspring grown in this way will not resemble the mother plant, especially when using seeds from hybrid nut species. It is believed that only one in 1000 seedlings reproduces the qualities of the parent plant. Once upon a time, I.V. Michurin suggested that seed propagation produces wild forms of the plant that are not full-fledged propagation material for hazelnuts. The quality of an adult tree can be determined only after it enters the fruiting period, and this will be in ten years. The wait may be in vain. However, if the nut is intended for decorative purposes in landscape design, then sowing from seeds is justified. Moreover, these seedlings have increased frost resistance, adapt well to the climate, are rarely affected by pests, and do not get sick.

For propagation by seeds, select large, healthy nuts and treat them with a rodent repellent. You can use regular kerosene. Seeds can be planted in spring and autumn. The main thing is to keep them in a damp cloth for five days, and then stratify them for another four months. To do this, the nuts must be kept at a temperature from 0 to +5 all this time, stirring every two weeks. Seed germination is approximately 60%. How to plant hazelnuts in a permanent place can be seen in the video on the Internet.

Vegetative method

In addition to simplicity, this method makes it possible to reproduce all the characteristics of the parent plant. Combinations of genes created by nature or as a result of targeted selection are preserved. Several techniques for this method of reproduction are used. Their main difference is the timing of the appearance of the first flowering and the entry into the phase of active fruiting. For example, seedlings obtained by layering produce their first flowers in the second year of life, while those used as a result of cuttings produce their first flowers in the third year. Other methods of vegetative propagation delay the onset of fruiting, but it occurs earlier than with successful seed propagation. These features of plant development must be taken into account when planting hazelnuts on a personal plot in spring and autumn.

Dividing the bush. An old bush is dug up and carefully divided into parts with a sharp shovel. Each of them should correspond to a stump approximately 20 cm high, intact roots, and a pre-moistened lump of earth. This is the simplest method available to a novice gardener, preserving all the properties of the mother plant.

Reproduction by layering. Shoots of two-year-old shoots and last year's branches are rooted using the so-called arch, without separating them from the mother plant, but placing them in dug grooves. Their depth is 15 cm, length 50 cm, the number corresponds to the number of shoots used, which are fixed at the bottom of the groove using wooden hooks. The tops of the shoots are secured to vertical pegs and shortened, leaving 5 buds. Small cuts are made at the bend of the shoot to speed up the root growth process. The grooves are filled with fertile soil, watered abundantly, and compacted to avoid the appearance of voids in the root development zones. Each shoot produces one seedling. It is not recommended to use old branches for rooting. If the number of high-quality seedlings from rooted shoots of three years of age reaches 90%, then each subsequent year of age of the branches significantly reduces it. The formation of roots and stem growth from old branches is very weak.

Horizontal layers. In ancient times, the Chinese used this propagation method to obtain large quantities of high-quality nut planting material. To do this, in the spring, select a strong shoot with a large number of healthy buds and place it strictly horizontally in a groove prepared in various radial directions in relation to the bush. Attach to the bottom of the groove, do not cover with soil, and shorten the ends of the stem. Water and spud after four leaves appear on young vertical shoots growing from awakened buds. The growth bud should remain on the surface of the earth. In summer, regular watering and topping with soil are required. In autumn, a mound with a well-developed root ball forms near each shoot. After a year, the young seedling is ready to be planted in its intended place. It is separated from the main plant. Each of the young plants has strong shoots and roots.

Vertical layers. The essence of the method is to awaken the dormant buds of the root zone at the level of the bush’s neck. Pruning the branches of the plant is done in the spring as a way to rejuvenate the entire bush. The resulting stumps up to 50 cm high are carefully covered with film. Under the influence of moisture and sun, young shoots quickly appear under it. As they grow, they are hilled up three times, watered, and humus is added. The film is removed after the third hilling in mid-summer. The lower leaves of the seedlings are torn off. In the fall, it is necessary to remove the excess soil formed as a result of hilling, and carefully separate the seedling from the hazel. The older the rejuvenated bush, the greater the number of young seedlings it produces.

Root growth (tearing off). In this way, hazelnuts are renewed in nature. Every year, new rhizomes appear around the bush from dormant buds located at a distance of about one meter in the outer layer of soil. Several new shoots grow from them in the second growing season. old bush capable of forming a lot strong plants, which are used in propagation, carefully separating them with a sharp instrument. These rhizomes are called peelings. They may not have time to grow strong roots. Replanting is required for two years in a school where the plant is formed.

Reproduction by grafting

It is recommended to do this on the tree-like form of hazelnuts. It is considered the best rootstock that does not form shoots. The grafting is done in the spring using the butt method or improved copulation. Cuttings are prepared, cut from the middle or top of the stem, and in winter they are stored in the refrigerator, under the snow. After the grafting has taken root, new shoots on the rootstock are removed.

In addition, hazelnuts can be propagated by budding and green cuttings. Everything is determined by experience, the degree of interest in conducting new experiments.

Having mastered the rules of caring for hazelnuts, it takes very little time; among its fruits, of course, you will be lucky to find a nut with two kernels. This will bring wealth and good luck to the whole family.

Also watch the video on how to plant hazelnuts correctly.

Are you still thinking about which hazel tree to plant on your plot, and just can’t decide? We advise you to opt for such a subspecies of walnut bushes as common hazel. Planting and caring according to the prescribed rules are the main conditions for having tasty nuts in your garden. And mastering these steps will not be difficult even for novice amateur gardeners.

Hazel varieties: which one to choose?

Currently, about 100 varieties of hazel are known. However, for landing on personal plots experienced gardeners It is recommended to choose standard hazelnuts. These are evergreen low-growing shrubs that will not only add decorative value to the garden, but will also be convenient for harvesting.

Here are the main varieties for growing hazel in the garden and their brief description:

Almond-shaped hazelnuts get their name due to their resemblance to almond nuts. Hazel bushes of this variety are moderate in height and are distinguished by a regular and abundant harvest, which can be harvested as early as mid-August.
Roman hazelnuts are very resistant to various diseases and differs from its counterparts in the high oiliness of the kernel.
Cosford is a hazel variety of English origin with a compact crown. It has early period flowering - early August. And the first fruits appear by mid-September.
Early Trebizond hazelnuts have medium-sized bushes. However, in order to harvest a normal harvest, which ripens by the end of July, you will need to plant several plants of this species at once.

For planting common hazel in the Urals and in the southern part of Siberia, it is recommended to choose more winter-hardy varieties that will proper care will be very prolific. These varieties of hazel include:

Tambov late;
firstborn;
Ivanteevsky red;
memory of Yablokov.

Cross-pollination of common hazel flowers requires simultaneous planting of several varieties of shrubs. This will provide gardeners with a higher and more regular harvest.

Read also:

Common hazel: planting and care

Common hazel is popularly called an eternal shrub, because this hazel tree can grow in one place for hundreds of years and at the same time bear fruit regularly. Worst enemy garden hazelnuts - drought. Therefore, during hot periods with a long absence of precipitation, it is necessary to provide the plant with proper watering, preferably in the evening.

Landing: main stages

Before you start planting a hazel tree, you need to choose the right location. Give preference to a sufficiently illuminated area of land that will not be subject to floods in the spring. Common hazel grows well in almost any soil, except too dry, sandy and swampy. Time for planting should be taken in early autumn or spring after the bulk of the snow has melted.

A month and a half in advance, you should worry about preparing the planting hole. To do this, it will be enough to dig a hole measuring 50x60 cm, fill it with humus and lightly feed the soil with mineral fertilizers.
Before direct planting, the hazel seedling must be cut to 20-25 cm, and the root system should be dipped in a specially prepared solution of clay and manure.

Hazelnut cuttings are placed in a hole, sprinkled with earth and compacted.
After this, an edge hole is made around the seedling and watered abundantly.
For better growth, experienced gardeners recommend covering young cuttings with sawdust or withered leaves.

Do not also forget that hazel is planted on long years. Therefore, the distance between relatives and other trees should be from 4 to 6 meters.

Pruning and shaping bushes

The gardener's main concern when planting hazel is to regularly trim off excess shoots inside the bush. This provides the plant with proper lighting and ventilation. Young plants need to be pruned every autumn for 4 years - this is the period required before the first nuts appear. The main branches are slightly tilted to the side and secured with wire to aluminum rods previously inserted into the soil.

Proper pruning of young hazel bushes greatly facilitates the care of an adult plant. In the future you will only need preventive measures for removing dry and damaged branches and stump growth.

Fertilizer and watering

During particularly rainy periods, watering will not be required for the shrub. During the dry season, especially in the summer months (June and July), hazelnuts are watered at the rate of 15 liters of water per bush.

Common hazel loves feeding, which should be aimed at improving productivity:

organic fertilizers are applied to the root system of the bush once every 2-3 years;
nitrogen fertilizers are given every spring or early summer;
It is enough to introduce phosphorus, potassium or complex fertilizers 2 times per season.

For the laziest gardeners, fertilizing once a season with organomineral fertilizers is allowed.

Features of growing plants in the Urals and Siberia

Although it is generally accepted that hazel loves the warm climate of central Russia, this shrub can grow and bear fruit well even in the northern regions of the country. To do this, hazelnuts must be provided with proper care before the onset of winter cold.

Experienced gardeners recommend late autumn bend the branches of the bush to the ground and cover them with a load. In winter, the bush will be completely covered with snow, which will prevent the inflorescences from freezing and deteriorating. In spring, the load is removed, and the plant takes its natural position. So that the hazel does not grow with age, and its branches can also be easily bent, you will need to prune the bush to form young shoots.