Research topic: Medicinal plants native land Object area: Medicine Object of study: Medicinal plants growing in the Kaliningrad region. Subject of research: The importance of medicinal plants for healthy image life. Problem In our industrial age, with severe environmental pollution, it is simply impossible to remain absolutely healthy. We are constantly under threat of getting a whole “bouquet” of diseases. Often medicine is powerless, so medicinal plants can come to the rescue. Knowledge in this area was not enough, and we decided to supplement it by studying the medicinal plants of our region.
Relevance and novelty This topic is now very relevant, since it is easier to prevent a disease than later, suffering from trying to get rid of it. Isn’t it easier now to just look around and see what nature gives us? Our kind and all-powerful doctor “nature” has foreseen everything and prepared everything, you just need to take this medicine and use it, but not everyone knows about this medicine. Hypothesis If studied different types medicinal plants, learn how to prepare and use them correctly, you can prevent and cure many diseases and look great without the use of chemical tablets.
Purpose of work: Collection necessary information about the benefits of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases. Objectives: 1) Developing the ability to work with additional literature. 2) Acquaintance with the history of medicinal plants, with their correct preparation. 3) Determining the role of medicinal plants in our area in a healthy lifestyle. 4) Raising interest in a healthy lifestyle. Research methods Study and use of encyclopedias, scientific and journalistic publications, dictionaries, comparison method. Practical significance: every student can open a job and find the right medicinal plant for various diseases and how to treat them at home.
In Rus', since ancient times, leaves, bark, and flowers of plants have been used to treat many diseases. Under Tsar Ivan the Terrible, apothecary huts were opened in Rus', and medicinal plants were brought from different countries worth its weight in gold, he ordered the supply of medicinal plants not only to the royal court, but also to the army.
Rules for collecting medicinal plants. Plants are harvested in dry weather, when the dew has already disappeared. It is necessary to ensure that there is no dust or dirt on the plants. You cannot collect medicinal plants along roads, on city streets, or in public gardens. These plants accumulate harmful substances, which are thrown into the air by cars. Flowers are collected at the beginning of flowering; leaves - before flowering or at the beginning of it; roots and rhizomes - in spring and autumn; bark - in the spring, at the beginning of sap flow, when it is well separated.
Black elderberry Raspberry a In folk medicine, raspberry fruits are considered an antipyretic for influenza, bronchitis, laryngitis, and an expectorant for coughs. In folk medicine, a decoction prepared from the flowers and fruits of black elderberry is used as an antipyretic, diaphoretic, and diuretic.
Nettle In folk medicine, nettle is used as a wound-healing, diuretic, tonic, laxative, vitamin, and expectorant. It is used for various bleeding, heart diseases, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, bronchitis, allergies. Externally - for wounds, bleeding, skin diseases, to strengthen hair.
Conclusion In our industrial age, with severe environmental pollution, it is simply impossible to remain absolutely healthy. We are constantly under threat of getting a whole “bouquet” of diseases. Often medicine turns out to be powerless. But why do we forget that we have behind us the thousand-year experience of our ancestors, who for centuries have been putting together recipes for treating various ailments in the treasury of traditional medicine. It is easier to prevent a disease than to suffer the pain of trying to get rid of it later. Isn’t it easier now to just look around and see what nature gives us? Our kind and all-powerful doctor “nature” has foreseen everything and prepared everything, you just need to take this medicine and use it, but not everyone knows about this medicine. That's why we studied the medicinal plants of our area, their effects and uses.
Literature. D. Tkach “Home Doctor” V.V. Petrov “Plant World of Our Motherland” A.F. Gammerman “Healing Plants”. Moscow, 1986 “Medicinal Plants and Their Use”. Vladivostok. MP "Ex Libris", 1992. Encyclopedia of Russian Nature. Reference publication. Publishing house "ABF". Moscow. V.I.Dal “Explanatory Dictionary”
Project on environmental education preschoolers to become familiar with plants (primroses) growing in the Chuvash Republic.
Objective of the project:
Enrich children's knowledge preschool age about spring plants of our native land.
Project objectives:
1. Expand children's understanding of primroses.
2.Give preschoolers an idea of the plants of their native land.
3. Foster a caring attitude towards nature.
4. To carry out interaction between the preschool educational institution and the family to familiarize preschoolers with environmental culture.
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Municipal budget preschool educational institution
"Kindergarten No. 17" in the city of Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic
Ecological project
"Spring plants of the native land"
Subtopic: “Primroses”
Designed by:
Kiznyakova Lyudmila
Mikhailovna
Mikhailova Svetlana
Yuryevna
Cheboksary, 2017
Project passport.
Project name. | "Spring plants of the native land." |
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Project theme. | "Primroses". |
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Kiznyakova Lyudmila Mikhailovna teacher. Mikhailova Svetlana Yurievna teacher. |
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Place of implementation. | MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 17", Cheboksary preparatory group. |
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The problem that the project aims to solve. | 1.Children lack a clear idea of spring plants. 2.Parents underestimating the importance of environmental education for their children. |
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Objective of the project. | ||
Project objectives. | 1. Expand children’s understanding of primroses. 4. To carry out interaction between the preschool educational institution and the family to introduce preschoolers to environmental culture. |
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Project type. | Cognitive - creative. |
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Project implementation timeframe. | Short term - 2 months. |
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Project participants. | Children of the preparatory group, parents, teachers. |
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Expected results. | 1.Children have expanded their understanding of the primroses of their native land. 2.Children have an idea of the spring plants that surround them. 3. Children show respect for nature and plants. 4. Active interaction between preschool educational institutions and families to introduce preschoolers to environmental culture. |
Relevance.
The reason for the relevance of environmental education is human activity in nature, which is often illiterate, incorrect from an environmental point of view, wasteful, leading to a violation of the ecological balance. Each of those who brought and are causing harm to nature was once a child. That is why the role of preschool institutions in the environmental education of children, starting from an early age, is so great. There is an opportunity to develop environmental knowledge in children, norms and rules for interacting with nature, developing empathy for it, and being active in solving some environmental problems.
An ecological attitude towards the natural world is formed and develops throughout a person’s life. The ability to “look” and “see”, “listen” and “hear” does not develop by itself, is not given from birth in finished form, but is brought up.
It is very important for us teachers that children show love for nature, plants, flowers. We learned not to pick flowers, to take care of them, only to admire them, to see the beauty of flowers, to feel the aroma. See the beauty of nature, the diversity of the plant world.
From conversations with children about primroses, we found out that they know very little about the spring plants of their native land. There is not enough knowledge about the diversity of the world of flowers: meadow, forest primroses. They don’t know what primroses grow in our area. Children have not developed an awareness of the uniqueness of these natural objects and the fact that they need to be protected.
This project will be aimed at enriching the knowledge of preschool children about spring plants of their native land. Expanding children's understanding of primroses. Fostering a caring attitude towards nature. Implementation of interaction between preschool educational institutions and families to familiarize preschoolers with environmental culture.
Analysis of the external and internal environment.
Analysis of the external environment.
With the adoption of the laws of the Russian Federation “On the Protection of the Natural Environment” (1991), “On the Environmental Safety of Russia” (1993) and “On the Environmental Education of Students in Educational Institutions of the Russian Federation” (1994), the prerequisites for the legal framework were created for the formation of a system of environmental education for the population . These documents imply the creation in the regions of the country of a system of continuous environmental education, the first link of which is preschool. It is at this age that the foundations of a person’s worldview and his relationship to the world around him are laid.
The first stage of the system of continuous environmental education is preschool environmental education. The role and need for priority development of environmental education in preschool institutions was emphasized at the Russian conference “Problems and Prospects of Environmental Education for Preschool Children,” which took place in Moscow in November 1997. In connection with the release of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education in kindergarten, environmental education is implemented through direct educational activities and independent activities. One of the conditions for the effectiveness of children’s education is the organization of close interaction between teachers and the child’s parents. Parents must be involved in the direct process of education and upbringing, and become more than just customers educational services, but active participants. Regular interaction between children’s parents and kindergarten teachers: educators, psychologists, and specialized specialists should be ensured.
The problem of ecology and environmental education attracted the attention of the progressive public, which was reflected in the works of Y.A. Kamensky, K.D. Ushinsky, A.A. Bystrova, A.M. Stepanova, E.I. Volkova, M.M. Markovsky, Z.D. Sizenko, A. M. Nizova, L.I. Furs and others.
Analysis of the internal environment.
The municipal budgetary preschool educational institution "Kindergarten No. 17" implements the basic general educational program developed on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education, taking into account the conceptual provisions of the approximate basic educational program of preschool education "From birth to school" edited by N.E. Veraksy, M.A. Vasilyeva, T.S. Komarova, in accordance with the main regulatory documents.
The program is aimed at moral education, the formation of the principles of ecological culture: the child’s correct attitude towards the nature around him, towards himself and people as part of nature.
The teaching room contains natural history literature, manuals, diagrams, tables, teaching aids, and environmental games.
The group has created a nature corner that introduces children to indoor plants, the conditions necessary for growth and development, for observations and work in nature. On the territory of the preschool educational institution there is an ecological path with a description of natural objects and speech material for them. The ecological path performs a cognitive, developmental, aesthetic and health-improving function.
Contingent.
In senior group No. 4 “Butterflies” there are only 24 children. Of these, 10 are boys and 14 are girls.
Social passport of families.
The number of intact families is 16. The number of single-parent families is 8. Those raised by one mother are 5. The number of large families is 1.
Level of education of parents.
Have higher education – 14, secondary vocational education; average – 10.
Characteristics of families in terms of material support.
Fully provided - 6; middle-income – 10; low-income – 8.
Information about the participation of families in the life of the kindergarten.
Constantly participating – 12; occasionally participate - 9; do not participate – 3.
Goals and objectives of the project.
Objective of the project:
Enrich the knowledge of preschool children about spring plants of their native land.
Project objectives:
1. Expand children's understanding of primroses.
2.Give preschoolers an idea of the plants of their native land.
3. Foster a caring attitude towards nature.
4. To carry out interaction between the preschool educational institution and the family to familiarize preschoolers with environmental culture.
Participants and their role in the implementation of the project.
Teachers.
Lesson plans will be developed for children, conversations, observations, walks, excursions, games, questionnaires, and consultations for parents will be held. Design of folders - transfers, visual material. Attracting the attention of parents to the work of the kindergarten.
Parents.
The activity of parents in all events held within the framework of of this project. Parents are interested participants in the project, focused on developing the child’s need for cognition, communication with adults and peers, through joint creative project activities. Participation in creative exhibitions.
Children.
Pupils will receive more information about spring primroses and plants of their native land. Examination of paintings and illustrations on the topic: “Primroses.” Listening and discussing stories, poems about early flowering plants, conversation and statements from children. Participation in creative exhibitions. Joint excursions.
Resources.
2.Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated October 17, 2013 N 1155, Moscow “On approval of the federal state educational standard for preschool education.”
3. Software and methodological support.
1. General educational program of preschool education “From birth to school.” Ed. M.A. Vasilyeva, V.V. Gerbova, T.S. Komarova. Moscow, Mosaic-Sintez, 2014
3.Cognitive-speech and social-personal development of children. I.I. Karelova. Volgograd: Teacher, 2013
4. Social and moral education of preschool children. N.V. Miklyaeva. M.: Mosaic - Synthesis, 2014.
5. A series of conversations. Toolkit. T.A. Shorygina. M.: T.Ts. Sphere, 2014
6. “Plants of the native land.” Toolkit. T.A. Shorygina. M.: T.Ts. Sphere, 2015
7. Ryzhova N.A. Environmental education program for preschoolers “Our home is nature” // Preschool education, 2004.
8. Cheban M.I. Ecological games // Child in kindergarten. – 2014
Availability of a regulatory framework; availability of an educational program at the preschool educational institution; availability of a pedagogical work plan; diagnostic tools; availability of the necessary demonstration material; educational and methodological literature.
Weaknesses: the existing demonstration material needs to be replenished in accordance with the objectives of the project.
4. Human resources.
Educators:
Kiznyakova Lyudmila Mikhailovna
Mikhailova Svetlana Yurievna
5. Material and technical resources.
The group room is equipped with children's and play furniture, a nature corner has been created, there are play corners for role-playing games, art activity corners, theatrical activities (massage corners). Didactic games, manuals, methodological and fiction literature, screens for displaying puppet theater, dramatization games. Library for children, sets of story pictures, paintings and printed board games.
Weaknesses: lack of multimedia equipment.
6. Information resources.
Methodological and fiction literature, mobile folders, information stands for parents, exhibitions of children's creativity and exhibitions of joint creative works of children and parents. Methodical piggy bank of preschool educational institution.
Internet resources: www.mdou17.urhost. ru; "Network City".
"Sun " www.solnet.ee Daily educational and entertainment portal for children, parents and teachers. Competitions and quizzes, virtual school for kids, games and cartoons, early learning methods, consultations with children's specialists, holiday scenarios, parenting experience, virtual postcard mailing service.
Preschool educationedu.rin.ru/preschool The site is intended for preschoolers, their parents, as well as teachers of preschool educational institutions.
Project implementation mechanism.
Preparatory stage. | Main stage. | The final stage. |
Goal: To identify the knowledge of parents and children about spring plants of their native land. 1.Designation of the relevance and topic of the project, setting tasks, goals, informing parents about upcoming work on the project topic. 2. Selection of cognitive, methodological, fiction, compiling lesson notes, conversations on cognitive development. 3. Selection of questionnaires, consultations, visual information; selection of illustrative material on the topic “Primroses”. 4.Parent survey. 5.Diagnostic conversation with children. | Goal: To introduce children and parents to plants that appear in early spring through various forms of work. 1. Consultation with parents. 2.Memo for parents. 3.Reading and discussing stories and poems with children. 4.Looking at illustrations and pictures. 6. Observation, games and walks. 7.Listening to music. 8. Educational activities with children. 9. Repeated targeted walk to the park. | Goal: Using traditional forms that have proven themselves and searching for new, more effective ones. 1. Summing up the work done. 2.Organization of a child-parent creative exhibition. 4.Analysis of prospects for further development of the project. |
Implementation plan.
Stages | Deadlines | Location | Responsible |
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Informational organizational – ny | 1. Questioning of parents on the topic: “Primroses are near us.” 2. Diagnostic conversation with children on the topic: “Primroses, what are they?”; “Why can’t you pick primroses?”; Conversation on the topic: “Flowers from the Red Book of the Chuvash Territory.” | In Group | Teachers |
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Practical | 1. Reading and discussion of fiction with children: M. Prishvin “Golden Meadow”; M. Galina “Dream Grass”, N. Soboleva “Dandelion”, M. Petrovskaya “Snowdrop”, R. McCallister “All about plants in legends and myths”; fairy tale by I. Revue “Spring Mother and Stepmother”; poem: A. Maksakova “The snow is still lying, not melting”, D. Room “First Flowers”, E. Kozhevnikova “Violet”, “Lungwort”. 2. Examination of illustrations: “Flowers of the native land”, “Spring meadow”, “Amazing primroses”. Exhibition of photographs of various flowers. 3. Educational activities with children on the topics: “Spring bouquet”; "Primroses"; "Golden Meadow"; 4. Listening to musical works: P.I. Tchaikovsky "Snowdrop", "Waltz of the Flowers", Listening to the song: Y. Antonov “Don’t pick the flowers.” 5.Primary targeted excursion to the park. 6. Quiz “Recognize a flower by description.” 7.Evening of riddles about flowers. 8.Games: Lotto “Flower – flower, where do you grow?”; educational game “Search for the Ninth”; didactic games: “Recognize a flower by its silhouette”, “Find two identical flowers”. The game is the “Flower Step” relay race. Low mobility game "Don't make a mistake." 9. Excursion to the library, participation in the “Spring Glade” master class, decoupage of plates. 10.Consultation for parents on the topic: “Primroses are near us.” 11.Memo for parents “Take care of primroses.” 12.Re-target walk to the park. | In a group, on the street | Teachers, parents |
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Final | 1. Creative exhibition of crafts “Spring Flowers” together with parents. 2. Summing up, considering the prospects for further development of the project. | In Group | Parents, children, teachers |
Expected results.
1.Children’s ideas about primroses have been expanded.
2. Children have an idea of the spring plants of their native land.
3. Children show respect for nature.
4. Active interaction between preschool educational institutions and families to introduce preschool children to environmental culture.
Children have a desire to communicate with nature; the beginning of an ecological culture was formed; children received practical knowledge on nature conservation; speech skills developed; The guys learned to experiment, analyze, and draw conclusions. The level of children's knowledge about primroses has increased significantly.
The competence of parents in matters of environmental education has increased. The project allowed parents to reconsider family settings, find more time for spending leisure time together and paying attention to their children.
The teachers got to know the families of their students better and their way of life, which will further promote cooperation.
Prospects.
The chosen direction is promising, since environmental education of preschool children is one of the main directions in the education system; it is a way of influencing children’s feelings, their consciousness, views and ideas. The ideas children receive as part of the environmental project will help them develop a caring attitude not only towards primroses, but also towards the environment.
Further development of the project:
Conducting a competition; an essay on the topic: “Take care of flowers”, invite parents, together with their children, to come up with a short story about primroses and tell it at a family holiday.
- “Family Holiday” – presentation “My Favorite Spring Flower”.
Design of a children's photo album “Me and Flowers”.
Creative exhibition of family drawings “Fairytale Flower”.
Literature
- Vetlugina N.A. Aesthetic education in kindergarten: A manual for kindergarten teachers / Ed. N.A. Vetlugina. – M.: Education, 1995.
- Vinogradova N.A., Pankova E.P. Educational projects in kindergarten. A manual for educators. – M.: Iris-press, 2006.
- Voronkevich O.A. Welcome to ecology! – M.: Detstvo-press, 2010.
- Garanina T.P. Family traditions and their role in raising children. - Minsk, 2003.
- Doronova T.N. Interaction between preschool institutions and parents. - Moscow - 2002.
- Zvereva O.L. Modern forms interaction between preschool educational institution and family. // Preschool teacher. – 2009.
- Zerschikova T., Yaroshevich T. Ecological development in the process of becoming familiar with the environment. // Preschool education. – 2005. No. 7. pp. 3-9.
- Ivanova G.L. On the organization of work on environmental education. // Preschool education. – 2006. - No. 3. – p. 10-16.
- Markovskaya M.M. Nature corner in kindergarten. – 2nd ed., revision. – M.: Education, 1989. – 144 p.
- Mashkova S., Suzdaleva G., Egorova L. Cognitive and research activities with children 5-7 years old on an ecological trail. – M.: Uchitel, 2014.
- Molodova L.P. Playful environmental activities with children. – Minsk: “Asar”, 1996.
- Nikolaeva S.N. Education of ecological culture in preschool childhood. – M.: Education, 2002.
- Nikolaeva S.N. Introducing preschoolers to nature in kindergarten and at home. – M.: Mozaika-Sintez, 2013.
- Nikolaeva S. N. System of environmental education of children in a preschool institution. – M., 2005.
- Nikolaeva S.N. Young ecologist. The program and conditions for its implementation in kindergarten. - M. – Mosaic Synthesis, 2012. – 212 p.
- Need T.D. 1000 riddles. A popular guide for parents and teachers
- Povalyaeva M.A. Speech development when getting acquainted with nature. Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2002.
- Ryzhova N. About the project “Strategies for Environmental Education in the Russian Federation” // Preschool education. – 2005. -№10. - With. 18-20.
- Ryzhova N.A. Our home is nature. – Didactic aids on environmental education of preschool children. // Preschool education. – 1994. - No. 7.
- Sorokina A.I. Didactic games in kindergarten. – M.: Education, 1990.
- Tarabarina T.I. Origami and child development. – Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, 2001.
- Ulanova L.A., Jordan S.O. Guidelines on organizing and conducting walks for children 3-7 years old. St. Petersburg: Detstvo-press, 2012.
- Cheban M.I. Ecological games // Child in kindergarten. – 2014
- Shorygina T.A. "Plants of the native land." Toolkit. M.: T.Ts. Sphere, 2015
- Tsvetkova T.V. Social partnership between kindergarten and parents - a collection of materials. – M.: Sphere shopping center, 2013. Experiments in kindergarten. – M.: TC Sfera, 2004. – 56 p.
Appendix No. 1
Report
All the activities carried out: conversations, surveys, consultations, educational activities, targeted excursions, exhibitions, joint creative activities of children and parents received positive results. During the implementation of the project “Spring Plants of the Native Land,” the level of children’s knowledge about primroses has increased significantly. Children have a desire to communicate with nature; the beginning of an ecological culture was formed; children received practical knowledge on nature conservation; speech skills developed; The guys learned to experiment, analyze, and draw conclusions.
The peculiarity of this project is that together with our family we will not only learn and master new things, but we will also actively work and relax in one team “Teachers - Children - Parents”, where parents will turn from observers into active participants in the lives of children in kindergarten .
During the project, parents began to participate more actively in events. Participation in the project helped parents get closer to their children and influenced the organization of their free time. The children noted that they were pleased to take part in the event together with their parents. Many were interested in creative work and excursions with their parents.
The project allowed parents to reconsider family settings, find more time for spending leisure time together and paying attention to their children.
This project can be implemented in most preschool institutions. The project does not require significant material costs; parents of students are actively involved in its implementation.
The benefits and pleasure received by all project participants
aroused a sincere desire to continue cooperation in new projects.
It is necessary that the childhood of preschoolers be much richer, more interesting, and happier.
Only by relying on the family, only by joint efforts can we solve the main task - raising a person with a capital “H”, an environmentally literate person.
Appendix No. 2.
Questionnaire for parents.
DEAR PARENTS!
Your child attends a childcare facility. We want the time he spends in kindergarten to be joyful and happy. Therefore, we hope to cooperate and achieve complete mutual understanding with you in matters of education. It is important for us to know your opinion about what you consider most important for your child.
PIRUMFLOWERS ARE NEAR US!
Last name, first name of parent _____________________________________________________
1. Do you like to take walks in the forest? _________________________
2. What time of year do you prefer to be in the forest?__________________________________________________________
3. Does the forest attract you in spring?_________________________________
4. Do you know the names of forest flowers?__________________________
5. If yes, then list them_____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________
6. What primroses do you know?__________________________ ________________________________________________
7. Do you know why primroses have bright colors and a pleasant smell?_________________________________________________
8. Do you like picking flowers?________________________________
Do you encourage children to collect “bouquets” in their hobby?______________
9. What will you do when you see a clearing with beautiful flowers? (I’ll pick a bouquet, pick one flower, admire it and leave)___________________________
10. Do you know what the consequences of mass collection of flowers are? (there’s nothing wrong with that, the natural balance is disrupted; plants die, plants disappear)________________________
11. Have you ever thought that a plucked flower is a “prisoner sentenced to death”?__________________________________________
12. Are you involved in the work of preschool educational institutions to protect primroses?___________
Analysis of parent surveys
Analysis of the survey showed that most parents often visit the forest with their children and like to walk in the meadow or clearing. They instill in children a love of nature, plants, flowers. They teach not to pick flowers, to take care of them, only to admire them, to see the beauty of flowers, to feel the aroma. See the beauty of nature, the diversity of flora and fauna. During the conversation, parents unanimously said that their children show interest in nature and curiosity. WITH great pleasure show care and respect for plants and animals.
Appendix No. 3
Diagnostic conversation with children.
After conducting a conversation and offering children demonstration material (illustrations depicting primroses), it was possible to establish that out of the 24 children interviewed, no one was able to recognize and correctly name all the flowers, 12 children were able to recognize and confidently name only three primroses, 10 children showed and named two flower, 2 children - one primrose.
None of the children could explain why primroses need protection and protection. It follows from this that children have an insufficient level of knowledge on this topic.
Appendix No. 4
Conversation about dandelion
Dandelion is one of the first to appear in spring, like a yellow sun in young green grass. In the morning, in a sunny clearing without a clock, you can find out the time. At 5-6 o'clock the sun rises and the dandelions open. By evening, the yellow lights go out and close. The dandelion loves the sun so much that it does not take its eyes off it - it turns its flower head after it. But dandelions are not always yellow and look like the sun. Time passes, and the yellow petals are replaced by white fluff. The white fluffs are seeds. The wind blows, the seeds scatter far, far in different directions. They fall to the ground and sprout. New flowers appear. Dandelion is a medicinal plant. A medicinal plant is a plant that is used in medicine for treatment. Dandelion leaves and roots are used to treat cough and improve appetite.
And from dandelion flowers people cook very delicious jam. And it's not just people who use dandelions. Bees, bumblebees and butterflies love to fly to dandelions. They eat dandelion sweet nectar. And the bees then make dandelion honey from it - thick and fragrant.
Let's not pick dandelions and preserve beauty. And the bees will thank us for saving the flowers for them.
Appendix No. 5
A fairy tale about spring mother and stepmother.
The sun smiled - it means Spring has come, it means there will be more and more unusual and new things in nature. Let's read a fairy tale about this.
Spring is good everywhere. She brings joy everywhere. The young Butterfly frolics near the old fence, then flies onto the path, then dances on the hill, then sings a song - so quietly.
But then one day, circling over familiar places, the Butterfly noticed something unusual and flew to its neighbor, the young Bumblebee.
Look, Bumblebee, Spring ran along the hills, painting the forest with its spring colors as it went, but lost the yellow paint. Yellow spots are visible here and there.
“Indeed,” said Bumblebee. - Let's fly to the wise Owl and tell her about this.
“Oh, you,” said the Owl, having learned what was the matter. – It’s not Spring that has lost its color, it’s the yellow Coltsfoot that has blossomed. Spring flower, primrose.
Coltsfoot delights everyone in the spring with its yellow color. She is like a miniature sun.
Now we will remember this,” said Butterfly and Bumblebee.
Appendix No. 6
The Legend of Mother and Stepmother.
One evil woman planned to destroy her husband’s daughter because she didn’t want him to go meet her and his ex-wife. She lured her to a cliff and pushed her off it. Meanwhile, the mother, having discovered that the girl was missing, rushed to look for her, but was too late: the girl was no longer breathing. The mother rushed at the stepmother and, grappling, they flew to the bottom of the ravine. And the next day, its slopes were covered with a plant, the leaves of which were soft on one side and hard on the other, and small yellow flowers, reminiscent of the girl’s blond hair, rose above them.
Coltsfoot is an amazing flower, everyone has heard about it, but not everyone is lucky enough to see it in all stages of growth. These are the biological characteristics of this plant. Lovers and connoisseurs of nature will be pleased to know that the coltsfoot is the first to decorate the thawed earth, bringing round dances of golden heads to the first spring lawns. This modest, surprisingly resilient plant is one of the first heralds of awakening spring and renewed nature.
Where yesterday there was snow and only thawed patches were visible, today it has already melted, the hills, cliffs and slopes swollen with moisture have warmed up railways. Elastic, succulent pedicels with brown scales and woolly pubescence appear from the ground. You won’t immediately notice them among last year’s withered grass, until the yellow-golden heads of inflorescences open at the tops of the stems.
Coltsfoot flowers are good weather forecasters, as they determine the onset of cold and rainy weather in advance with an accuracy no worse than a barometer.
Appendix No. 7
Reading a poem
"Lungworts" Alexey Kozhevnikov
Lungworts, lungworts,
How you caress your eyes!
I dream about every winter
Your lilac pattern.
You are unpretentious to soils,
Your flowering period is short,
But the nectar is a swarm of bees
Will have time to stock up for future use
You are not drawn to the road,
Because you are modest
And in the swamp (there are so many of them!)
The “hats” are wonderful and visible.
Appendix No. 8
Plants listed in the Red Book of Chuvashia
Avran officinalis
Adonis vernal (Adonis vernal)
Althaea officinalis
Astragalus licorice
Marsh rosemary
Common ram
Belozor swamp
Sandy immortelle (Tsmin sandy)
Valerian officinalis
Wolf's bast (Common wolfberry)
Gentian cross-leaved
Snake knotweed (Crayfish necks)
Bog blueberry
Common blueberry (Gonobobel)
Elecampane tall
Oregano
Umbrella wintergreen
Fragrant bison
White water lily (Water lily)
European swimsuit
Linnea northern
Lyubka bifolia (Night violet)
Common juniper
Common Mordovnik
Ball-headed Echinops
Spring primrose officinalis
Moss clubmoss
Opened lumbago
Sundew rotundifolia
Serpukha crowned
Blue cyanosis (Blue St. John's wort)
Field steelweed (arable)
Thorn (thorn)
Black poplar (Osokor)
Thyme (creeping thyme)
Ulcer multifolia
All plants from the Red Data Book various reasons are on the verge of extinction, and it is in our power to prevent their destruction. Every person who comes across plants from the Red Book should help them reproduce or at least leave them in an untouched state.
Appendix No. 9
Summary of educational activities
M. PRISHVIN “GOLDEN MEADOW” (RETELLING)
Age: children 6-7 years old, preparatory group.
Goal: Development of coherent speech (dialogue and monologue forms) and free communication with adults and children.
Tasks:
Teach children to retell a literary text;
Introduce new concepts;
Develop the ability to respond emotionally to the beauty of nature and the content of a literary work;
Develop communication skills for interacting with adults and children (the ability to listen and hear others).
Equipment:
Portrait of the writer M. Prishvin. A book by M. Prishvin with the story “Golden Meadow”, photos or pictures of dandelions, “dandelions” made of paper and pieces of cotton wool for breathing exercises.
Organizing time:
Game "Wish"
Look at me, I have the sun in my hands. It is warm, affectionate. Let's pass on this kind sunshine to each other and wish each other something good for today's game.
Guys, today we are going to get acquainted with amazing person. Most of all he loved children and nature. Take a look at his portrait (display). This is a portrait of the writer Mikhail Prishvin. I will read you a story by the writer Mikhail Prishvin, called “The Golden Meadow”. But who will be the main character of the story, a riddle will tell you:
Burnt in the dewy grass
Golden flower.
Then it faded and went out.
And turned into fluff. (Dandelion)
Which words in the riddle told you the correct answer?
So which plant will be the hero of the story “Golden Meadow”?
What do you know about this flower?
Vocabulary work.
You will encounter unfamiliar words in the story. Let's immediately find out what they mean so that everything is clear to you:
Fishing is the production of something. What kind of work could the guys do in the forest, what could they get there?
Walk in heel - follow each other.
Fucking - blowing.
Breathing exercise “Blow on a dandelion”
Let’s try to blow it ourselves, making a “fu” sound.
On a bright sunny day
A golden flower blossomed.
Light breeze blowing -
Our flower swayed.
A strong wind is blowing -
Petals are worried.
(Children blow on dandelion petals with different strengths and observe the intensity of the movement of the petals.)
A white fluffy ball.
Showed off in an open field.
Blow on it lightly
There was a flower - and there is no flower.
(Then they blow on the dandelion cotton wool without puffing out their cheeks.)
Main part:
Make yourself comfortable and listen carefully.
Reading the story “Golden Meadow” by Mikhail Prishvin.
“My brother and I always had fun with them when the dandelions ripened. It used to be that we would go somewhere on our business - he was ahead, I was at the heel. “Seryozha!” - I’ll call him in a businesslike manner. He will look back, and I will blow a dandelion right in his face. For this, he begins to watch for me and, like a gape, he also makes a fuss. And so we picked these uninteresting flowers just for fun. But once I managed to make a discovery. We lived in a village, in front of our window there was a meadow, all golden with many blooming dandelions. It was very beautiful. Everyone said: “Very beautiful! The meadow is golden.” One day I got up early to fish and noticed that the meadow was not golden, but green. When I returned home around noon, the meadow was again all golden. I began to observe. By evening the meadow turned green again. Then I went and found a dandelion, and it turned out that it squeezed its petals, just like it would be the same if your fingers on the side of your palm were yellow and, clenching it into a fist, we would close the yellow one. In the morning, when the sun rose, I saw the dandelions opening their palms, and this made the meadow turn golden again. Since then, dandelion has become one of the most interesting colors, because dandelions went to bed with us children, and got up with us.”
Questions about the content of the story:
1. What did I read to you? (story)
2. Why do you think this is a story? (there is no magic in it, everything is like in life).
3. What is this story about? about nature, about the golden meadow)
4. What kind of fun did the brothers have with dandelions?
5. Where did the brothers live?
6. What was the meadow like early in the morning? At noon? In the evening?
8. Why did the dandelion become an interesting flower for the children?
9. Now come up with a definition for the word “dandelion.” What is he like? (yellow, white, fluffy, silver, light)
10. Can the boy be called an observant person? nature lovers? (the boy is observant, because when he went fishing in the morning, he noticed that the meadow was green, and when he returned, the meadow was golden). And he managed to reveal the secret of these flowers.
11. Why do you think Mikhail Prishvin called his story “Golden Meadow”?
12. What other kind of meadow could there be? (colorful, cheerful, beautiful)
13. Guys, I’ll read you the story again, be careful and try to remember it.
Retelling.
Attention game - “morning, afternoon, evening”
At the command “morning,” children crouch, like dandelions squeezing their petals; on the command “day” they get up and bloom like dandelions, and on the command “evening” they squat down again.
Physical exercise “Dandelion”
Dandelion, dandelion! (They squat, then slowly rise)
The stem is as thin as a finger.
If the wind is fast, fast (They run in different directions)
It will fly into the clearing,
Everything around will rustle. (They say “sh-sh-sh-sh-sh”)
Dandelion stamens
They will fly apart in a round dance (Hold hands and walk in a circle)
And they will merge with the sky.
Summary of the lesson.
Communication game "interview"
Guys, now I offer you the game “Interview”. We will choose a correspondent and a reporter (one interviews, the other films).
Appendix No. 10
ABSTRACT
Direct educational activities
on the topic: “Spring bouquet”
Integration of educational areas: “Cognition”, “Communication”, “Music”, “Reading fiction”, “Artistic creativity”
Goal: Learn to fold the “Snowdrop” flower using the origami technique. Through poetry and music, teach to see the poetic image of nature. Develop aesthetic feelings and environmental thinking. Foster love and respect for nature.
Tasks:
Educational objectives:
- Repeat the signs of spring with the children;
- To give knowledge about the “snowdrop” - as a primrose;
- With the help of poetry and music, teach to see the poetic image of nature;
- Teach children how to make a snowdrop flower using the origami technique;
- Learn to follow verbal instructions;
- Strengthen the ability to read product diagrams;
Communicative:
- Strengthen children’s ability to construct their speech grammatically correctly;
- Develop expressive speech;
- Learn to select definitions to describe flowers - snowdrops;
- Continue to expand lexicon: thawed patch, messengers, messenger, in the sun; activate children's vocabulary.
Developmental tasks:
- Develop aesthetic feelings;
- Ecological thinking;
- Creative skills;
- Communication skills;
- Fine motor skills of hands, eye;
- Memory, attention, spatial imagination;
Educational tasks:
- To cultivate a love for the plant world and a humane attitude towards nature;
- Collaboration skills.
Music:
- Development of children's emotional, figurative and associative perception of music.
- Create a psychologically favorable atmosphere in the group;
- Encourage children to be creative: search and expressiveness of the image.
Equipment and materials: demonstration: parcel with a letter, photographs of snowdrops, basket with snowdrop leaves, “snowdrop - origami” diagram, disk P.I. Tchaikovsky snowdrop. Handout: glue, napkins for glue, squares with a side of 5 cm for snowdrops: white.
Methodical techniques:
A surprise moment, looking at illustrations, conversation, asking questions to children, reading fiction, listening to music, showing and explaining the technique of a product, productive activity of children, analysis and summing up.
Preliminary work:
Conversation about spring, observations of spring phenomena, reading to children fairy tales “The Twelve Months” and “Snowdrop” by G.Kh. Andersen, making snowdrops using the origami technique.
GCD move
Organizational part:
Children sit on chairs.
This parcel was sent to us by spring from the forest. The teacher opens the package and takes out a letter:
Dear children! Real spring has arrived in our forest. The first flowers bloomed. Which? You'll guess if you listen to my riddle: The first one got out of the dungeon, in a thawed patch. He is not afraid of frost, even though he is small. I am sending you photos of my favorite first spring flowers. If you can find snowdrops in the city, then winter will not return. After all, snowdrops are the harbingers of spring.
The teacher displays pictures of snowdrops.
What do you think are the signs of spring in our city?
Where do you think we can get snowdrops in the city?
Let's remember where we heard about these flowers?
What fairy tales have we read about these flowers? (“Twelve Months” by S. Marshak, “Snowdrop” by H. H. Andersen)
Remember why this flower is called that. It begins to grow under the snow and appears in early spring. That’s what they call him – the harbinger of spring. White, blue or pale pink flowers appear from under the snow and people see that spring has come. And then in the summer the snowdrop will hide in its bulb, and will gain strength to survive the winter and wake up next spring the very first.
Many poems have been written about these amazing flowers. I suggest you listen to Zoya Alexandrova’s poem “Snowdrop”:
Reads Z. Alexandrova’s poem “Snowdrop”
At the snow-covered hummocks,
Under a white snow cap,
We found a little blue flower,
Half frozen, barely alive.
It must have been hot
Today there is sunshine in the morning,
The flower under the snow felt stuffy,
And he thought it was time
And he got out... And everything around was quiet,
There are no neighbors, he is the first here.
The hare saw him
She smelled it and wanted to eat it.
Then she probably regretted it:
“You’re too thin, my friend!”
And suddenly a fluffy, white one went
Cold March snow.
He fell and skidded...
It's winter again, not spring.
And from a flower on a thin stalk
Only the cap is visible.
And he, turning blue from the cold,
Bowing my weak head,
He said: “I will die, but I will not regret:
After all, spring began with me!”
What is this poem talking about?
What kind of snowdrop is in this poem, as the author describes it?
Do you think the snowdrop is weak or strong in this poem?
Even composers wrote music about these amazing flowers. Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky wrote music called “Snowdrop”. Listen to whether this music suits the poem, or whether the composer came up with some other snowdrop.
Children listen to music.
What kind of snowdrop did the composer create? Children's answers.
Many people just want to pick these delicate flowers that look like bells. People collect flowers in bouquets without worrying that flowers in captivity will quickly die without their bulb. After all, it contains all the nutrients for flowers and flowers will not live long without it.
Which flowers can be picked and which cannot?
There are flowers that are specially grown for bouquets. They are called garden ones. They are cut off and taken to flower shops. But flowers that grow in fields, meadows, and forests cannot be picked. They wither quickly. Many are listed in the Red Book, like our snowdrop.
How do you think you can admire these flowers without picking them? Yes, they can be photographed, drawn, sculpted or made from paper. Today we will make snowdrops from paper. But before we get to work, we’ll do some physical education.
The children get up. Physical education lesson (E. Terpugova)
Snowdrop woke up (put your palms together at the top)
And he stretched (raise his arms up)
Smiled at the sun (arms to the sides)
He touched the ground to Mother (hands down, tilt left and right)
Bowed to the sun (lean forward - down)
I was surprised at my luck. (hands to the side)
Drops of dewdrops washed him, (imitation of movement - washing himself)
The animals and birds immediately recognized: (hands on the belt, turns left and right)
"Snowdrop woke up -
It promises spring." (put your palms together at the top)
Snowdrop, snowdrop
Blooms in the forest. (spread your arms to the sides, lower them)
The children sit at the tables.
Look, you and I are going to make snowdrops out of paper, but we don’t have scissors. Why? Yes. Today we will make flowers from paper. What is this technique called? That's right - “origami”. We have a basket that we will fill with flowers.
People call all the primroses that emerge from bulbs in early spring as snowdrops; they come in many colors. Real snowdrops are white. We will have such delicate flowers too.
Paper folding technique.
1. Take a square.
2.Fold the lower and upper corners towards the middle. You will get a triangle with a “tail”; it is called “ kite", lift the "tail" (corner) up and hide it inside the triangle.
3. Bend both lower corners towards the middle, along the center line.
4. Bend the corners and unbend the sides.
5. Bend along the marked lines, from below, then from above.
6. Smooth, bend to the sides, repeat on the other side.
7. We have made one petal, we need to make 2 more.
8. Glue all 3 petals together.
This is the kind of snowdrop we get.
Now you can make your own snowdrops according to the diagram.
Displays diagrams.
The children do the work. After completing the work, the teacher invites the children to attach each snowdrop to a stem and place it in a common basket, selecting flowers to make a beautiful bouquet.
Final part.
Which beautiful snowdrops you and I succeeded. Now we don't have to pick snowdrops to admire them. You and I have our own bouquet of snowdrops. And now you can not only talk about beautiful flowers, but also make primroses from paper yourself and admire the delicate flowers. Guys, this is how we completed the spring task. And now she can calmly reign in our city.
Appendix No. 12
Listening to music
Theme: "Snowdrop"
Goal: Integration of children's knowledge about snowdrops through various means of art.
Objectives: Educational. 1. Practice coherent speech, enrich children’s vocabulary (thawed area, blood, daredevil, azure, spring). 2. Convey in movement and plasticity the character of the play “Snowdrop” by P.I. Tchaikovsky. 3. Stimulate children's desire to create snowdrop flowers using different drawing techniques. Developmental. 1. To develop children’s aesthetic perception and imagination and their figurative ideas. 2. Evoke an emotional response when looking at illustrations and listening to music. 3. Form children's creative abilities. Use intonation to convey the character of the song. Educational. 1. Foster a love for living nature - treat snowdrops with care.
The music is quiet. “Morning” by E. Grieg.
The music fades and falls silent.
Teacher: Guys, come in, sit down, I want to tell you something.
“It melted a snowflake on the top of a pine tree.
A hot drop fell on the snow.
I broke through a snowdrift and dry leaves.
Where she fell
A green arrow appeared.
And a blue flower bloomed on it.
He looks at the snow and is surprised:
“Didn’t I wake up early? No, it’s not too early, it’s time - it’s time for the birds to sing.”
Teacher: Guys, what time of year is the story talking about, what flower?
Teacher: The delicate snowdrop flower was depicted by composers, artists, poets, and writers.
Now we will listen to the music, and then you tell me what you presented?
Listening “April. Snowdrop" P.I. Chaikovsky.
Children watch sketches of nature and listen to music by P.I. Tchaikovsky.
Now select pictures that match this music.
Teacher: How does music tell about nature, what kind of music?
Tender, excited, sometimes timid, affectionate. The melody is flighty, like a flower swaying in the wind. But sometimes anxious, wary. The music tells us that the sun does not always shine, it can be cold, dark and stormy.
Teacher: I suggest you dance, expressing the mood of the music - excited, a little sad, restless, affectionate. Show how flower heads rise towards the sun, spin around in a spring meadow.
Children improvise dance moves to the music of Tchaikovsky.
Educator: You just depicted snowdrops in a dance, but you can still draw it. Let's fantasize, imagine that the beautiful Spring has come to visit us. Delicate flowers can be depicted on homemade cards using different drawing techniques:
Get acquainted with all types of snowdrop images.
Educator: tell me what kind of paint we will paint the flowers in the meadow and using what technique. Music is playing, children are doing work.
Let's see what we got.
Children walk freely around the group, looking at their work. Teacher: Today in class we found ourselves in a spring meadow full of snowdrops, let's finish our lesson with an exhibition of drawings in the group so that everyone can admire it too.
Appendix No. 13
Spring primroses. Story for children
Primroses are a decoration of spring. If you look closely at these bold flowers that are not afraid of cold weather, you will notice how delicate and touching they are. They will wander around the clearing - beauty! And they are not afraid of anything. They know that the sun is on their side. And that means something!
What plants do we call primroses?
We call primroses spring flowers that appear when the snow cover has melted, or is just beginning to melt.
There is one good month called "March". This month pleases us with the hot sun, azure sky, and the first thawed patches. And primroses appear in thawed patches.
It is known that each type of flower has its own flowering time. Some people like hot, elegant summers, others love the autumn season, and there are such “brave” flowers that are not afraid of cold weather, such flowers include primroses. Primroses are plants not only of March, but also of other spring months.
Let's name the primroses and look at photographs of flowers:
Anemone,
coppice,
Spring primrose (spring primrose),
Coltsfoot,
Scilla bifolia,
Adonis,
Corydalis,
Brandishka multi-colored,
Galanthus,
Hellebore,
Russian hazel grouse,
Crocus, lungwort.
Appendix No. 14.
Conversation with children. Looking at photographs of spring flowers.
Coltsfoot.
In some places there is still snow, and where the sun warms up on the outskirts of the fields, along the banks of ravines and rivers, in early April, golden mother and stepmother baskets appear. The mother and stepmother are famous for their nectar; the bees carry the first bribe to the hive from her. Do you know why this plant was given such a strange nickname, mother and stepmother? Here's why: the lower part of its leaf is covered with delicate fluffy hairs, it seems soft and warm to the touch, this is the mother. And the upper part of the leaf, hard and cold, is the stepmother. So they called the plant mother and stepmother. Large fluffy leaves below appear in mid-summer, and in spring, the stems on which the flowers sit are covered with small scales; these are underdeveloped leaves. Medicinal properties.
The leaves are used in medicine as an expectorant and are part of chest and diaphoretic preparations.
Opened lumbago, or sleep-grass
This beautiful flowering plant It is found in our dry pine forests, in open sunny places. The large flowers of this plant resemble bells in shape. At first the flowers are drooping, then erect. While the flower has not fully opened, it is clearly visible that on the outside it is white and shaggy with long protruding hairs. This fluffy “coat” protects the buds of sleep grass from spring frosts. The opened flower attracts attention with its beautiful blue-violet color. This is how the leaves of a simple perianth are colored, looking like wide petals (there are usually six of them). Inside the flower there are numerous yellow stamens and a lot of small pistils. When flowering ends, the beautiful tepals fall off one by one, the stamens dry out, and a loose fluffy head is formed from a bunch of pistils, somewhat reminiscent of a dandelion.
Like many others, sleep-grass is poisonous plant. It contains a variety of substances that are poisons and are widely used in medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The flowers and leaves of sleep grass are eaten by wood grouse in the spring.
The number of open lumbago continues to decline. The reason for this is the cutting down of pine forests, the excessive collection of plants by people for bouquets, and often for sale.
Spring primrose PRIMULA
A perennial herbaceous plant 10-30 cm high. The stem is softly pubescent or bare, sometimes reddish, glandular. The leaves form a basal rosette; when young, the edges are folded onto the lower surface of the blade, wrinkled. The flowers are bright yellow, fragrant, collected in an umbellate inflorescence, drooping to one side. Blooms from April to June. The fruit is a capsule. Grows on moderately dry, rocky soils: in deciduous forests, clearings and meadows. A medicinal plant known since the 16th century. Collect flowers and rhizomes. The medicinal raw material has a honey smell and a sweetish taste, while the rhizome has an anise aroma.
Lungwort obscure
Lungwort inflorescences form under the snow. Immediately after the snow melts, its short stems with bright, noticeable flowers appear.
Lungwort grows in deciduous and mixed forests - among bushes at the edge. It blooms in early spring in April and May in bare forests. For its honey tribute in the early forest, this plant was named lungwort. The flowers are small, beautiful, pinkish-red at first, then become violet-blue. Flowers are collected at the end of the stem into inflorescence curls. Lungwort is a mystery flower. Lungwort petals contain the coloring substance anthocyanin, which changes color depending on the environment. If the environment in the flower cells is acidic, the flowers are red, if alkaline, the flowers are purple, and if neutral, the flowers are dirty blue.
Anemone oak forest
Perennial plant, 10-25 cm in height, with a thick rhizome. Grows in deciduous forests, shrubs, and meadows. It's rare among us. White flowers of 6 petals and perianth of 6-8 leaflets. Her relative.
Ranunculus anemone
Ranunculus anemone remains one of our most common primroses, although it is no longer found everywhere. It grows in deciduous and mixed forests. The plant has a straight stem rising from the ground, at its end there are three strongly dissected leaves, which are directed in different directions; even higher is a thin peduncle that ends in a flower. Anemone flowers are bright yellow, slightly reminiscent of buttercup flowers, with five petals.
Anemone quickly grows throughout the forest, not staying in one place for a long time. Anemone is a poisonous plant. The substances it contains act on the heart. Anemone leaves are used in medicine as a diaphoretic and enhancing effect of the kidneys and lungs.
Corydalis dense
It blooms in April-May in our forests and bushes. Corydalis is a miniature, fragile and very graceful plant. Her lilac flowers collected in dense cylindrical brushes, have a pleasant smell and are rich in nectar. Sometimes there are plants with white flowers.
Corydalis flowering does not last long. After a few days, small pod-like fruits already form in place of the flowers. A little later, black shiny seeds spill out of them. Remains in the same place all his life. It has neither rhizomes nor creeping underground shoots that could spread laterally. Corydalis nodules are small yellowish balls, the size of a cherry.
The corydalis is very vulnerable. The plant blooms only 4-5 years after seed germination. The corydalis nodule sits quite weakly in the ground and is very easily pulled out even with little effort. Therefore, a lot of plants die when collected for bouquets. This has led to the fact that the corydalis has practically disappeared from our suburban forests. In many areas it is included in the list of protected plants; collecting it for bouquets is prohibited.
Siberian Scilla
The most widespread unpretentious species of scilla. The wide-linear leaves are pulled together at the top in the form of a cap. The bulb forms up to 4 peduncles; they are not very strong and sometimes lie down.
The buds appear simultaneously with the leaves. The flowers are drooping, 1-4 at the ends of the peduncles, blue-blue, sometimes white, pink, bright blue. The white-flowered form blooms 10-17 days later. Siberian Scilla blooms from mid-April to early May for 15-20, sometimes 25 days.
Chistyak spring
It blooms in shrubs, deciduous forests and forest edges, in lowland meadows.
Over the summer, the entire above-ground part dies off, and cone-shaped, thickened tuberous roots remain in the soil. In the Middle Ages, during times of war, famine and crop failure, they were even eaten. Young spring plants (before flowering) contain quite a lot of vitamin C and therefore can be used as a seasoning for spring salad. However, the clearweed, like other representatives of the Buttercup family, is a poisonous plant. If the young guillemot is still edible, then later, with the beginning of flowering, it acquires a bitter taste and becomes poisonous. However, beavers, for example, willingly eat guillemot without harm to themselves.
Yellow goose onion
It grows in forests, forest ravines, bushes, and is found in parks. The yellow star-shaped flowers of the goose onion open wide (as in this photo) only in sunny weather. At dusk and cloudy weather, the flowers remain closed and drooping. Goose onion is an early flowering honey plant. The plant was named so because wild geese love to nibble on it.
Goose onion is a bulbous flower. Its bulb reaches the size of a cherry and is covered with a brown shell.
Appendix No. 15
Game "Guess the Flower"
Children are invited to split into two teams: flowers and guessers. The “flowers” come up with names for themselves and tell them to the teacher, and the guessers solve them, then the teams change. The game begins with the greeting: “Hello, flowers!” - "Hello children! - the “flowers” answer them. - “Guess our names.” Children list the names of colors. The named flowers run away to the side. The teams change places. Whose team will guess more?
A game
“Guess the plant from the description.”
The teacher begins to talk in detail about one of the plants. First, for example, he notes what it looks like (“like a tree,” like “grass”), then asks to say whether the plant has a stem. The teacher draws the children's attention to the shape of the leaves (round, oval - like a cucumber, narrow, long), the color of the flowers, their number. Having finished the description, the teacher asks: “What plant did I tell you about?” Children show the plant or name it.
A game
"Step flower"
Children play in twos, starting from the mark, calling the name of the flower and taking a step forward. Rules of the game: don’t repeat yourself, don’t think too long. The one who reaches the finish line first wins.
A game
"Make no mistake"
The presenter names the flowers, alternating the names of the flowers with the names of trees and bushes. If the presenter names a flower, the children clap their hands; if not, they stomp their feet. Those who make a mistake are eliminated from the game. The most attentive child wins.
Appendix No. 16.
Summary of a comprehensive lesson in the preparatory group
on the topic: "Primroses".
Tasks.
Educational: to arouse children's interest in the world around them.
Developmental: to form a realistic idea of the nature around us; expand children’s understanding and knowledge of spring forest primroses and their significance in our lives; develop children's speech, activate attention and memory.
Educational: to cultivate the desire to become a friend of nature, to preserve and protect it.
Enrichment of vocabulary: lungwort, anemone.
Activation of the dictionary: primroses.
Progress of the lesson
Spring song S.Ya. Marshak.
The snow is no longer the same -
He darkened in the field,
The ice on the lakes is cracked
It's like they split it.
The clouds are moving faster
The sky has become higher
The sparrow chirped
Have fun on the roof.
It's getting darker every day
Stitches and paths
And on the willows with silver
The earrings glow.
– What else, besides young leaves, will decorate the forest? (children's answers)
– When do the first flowers appear in the forest? (As soon as the snow melts and the first thawed patches appear).
– The very first flowers in the forest are called primroses. What primroses are you familiar with? (Children's answers).
– Forest glades can be of unusual beauty in the spring, when primroses bloom. Please listen to the riddle. What flower is it talking about?
Snowdrop
On snow-covered hummocks
Under a white snow cap
We found a little flower
Half frozen, barely alive.
The first to get out of the earth
On a thawed patch.
He is not afraid of frost
Even if it's small.
Blooms from under the snow,
Welcomes spring before everyone else.
(Children look at illustrated material: pictures depicting a snowdrop in a forest clearing)
All plants that bloom in early spring are called primroses.
They are the first to emerge from under the snow.
Showing illustrations
Lungwort
When it blooms, its flowers are pink. After a while they will turn crimson and then purple. And withered flowers have Blue colour. Since flowers on one stem bloom in different time, then you get a small bouquet.
Lungwort is also called a sweet bouquet, because its flowers contain a lot of sweet juice-nectar.
Anemone.
This plant blooms only during the season of strong spring winds.
Dream-grass.
"Sleep-grass"
The distant forest stands like a wall,
And in the forest, in the wilderness of the forest,
An owl is sitting on a branch.
Sleepy grass grows there.
They say sleep-grass
Knows sleepy words:
How he whispers his words,
The head will immediately drop. I. Tokmakova
Corydalis.
This plant is small, fragile, delicate. Its leaves are thin and soft, purple flowers have small crests.
Primrose (Primula)
This plant is called the “golden keys of spring.”
Coltsfoot.
It is the very first to bloom in spring. When the flowers fade, large green leaves appear. They look like the most ordinary ones, but if you touch them, it’s so wonderful! One side of the leaves is warm, covered with soft fluff, and the other is smooth and cold. The warm one is the mother, the cold one is the stepmother.
The plant is a symbol of spring, from whose porcelain cups red beads are formed.
Remember the rules:
Don’t pick flowers in the forest or meadow. Let beautiful plants remain in nature.
Remember that bouquets can only be made from plants that are grown by humans.
Plant primroses in the garden and take care of them.
Tell your friends and family about protecting primroses.
Physical education lesson: “Find yourself a partner”, divide the children into subgroups.
Give each group a picture of a flower and ask them to describe it, so that the other children can guess what kind of flower it is.
– Bloom, forest bells and lanterns! Delight us with your beauty! And we will cherish your joy, beauty and kindness in our memory. Let's draw these flowers and give the drawings to our loved ones. Children chose visual materials at will (Paints, pencils, wax crayons, felt-tip pens).
At the end of the lesson, lay out the children's drawings on the table to make a spring bouquet. Ask which spring bouquet you liked best.
Appendix No. 17.
Memo for parents and children on environmental education.
"Take care of the primroses"
Spring! Black thawed patches of earth, and on them, bright and beautiful, like splashes of the sky, the first flowers. Immediately there is a desire to pick and bring home this piece of spring. And we tear it up and bring it. And after a day we throw it in the trash. This is how a huge number of primroses die every year. And every year there is less and less of this beauty in the forest. Primroses need help, they are waiting for protection and protection. From the first days of April, the campaign “Save the primroses!” was launched at the Central Children’s Center of the Environmental Department. The purpose of the action: to include students in environmental activities to protect rare and endangered plants, to restore the number of endangered primroses... During which they found out which flowers are called primroses. Many people knew about snowdrops, but did not think that coltsfoot was also a primrose. The child must realize that every plant and animal is a living organism. It is very important to convey to the child’s understanding that plants hurt when they are broken and torn. There is nothing superfluous in nature - everything is necessary and interconnected, it has its own laws, interference with which is fraught with consequences.
It happens that people destroy them without even picking plants. The reason for this is trampling. A man walks through the forest and does not notice how fragile grasses are broken and trampled into the ground under his feet. In addition, the soil under people's feet becomes compacted. In such soil there is little air and water left, and plants cannot live on it; they die.
Plant conservation helps combat air and water pollution.
DON'T FORGET that plants provide shelter for animals. Protect the grass, bushes, trees, you are helping animals, birds, insects. THE WEALTH OF THE NATIVE LANDS IS IN MAN’S HANDS. REMEMBER THIS!
Appendix No. 18
Summary of the first targeted walk - observation in the park on the topic: “Primroses”
Software tasks.
Progress of observation.
- Guys, today we will go on an excursion to the park. Let's observe what changes in nature occurred in April, what spring flowers appeared.
- Children, how many of you know what time of year it is, what month it is? What signs of spring are you seeing in nature now? What's your mood today? (Children's answers)
The sun is playing like a ray, and the snow is melting and melting!
The birds had no time to sleep, so they came to visit us... (spring)
- Yes, that's right, spring has come. This beautiful spring brought us warm, radiant sun. Look how bright it shines. That’s why you are in a good, cheerful mood today. What folk signs of spring do you know?
Spring is red with flowers, and autumn with pies.
Winter is rich in snow, and spring is rich in water.
- Tell me, what do we admire in spring?
- That's right, guys, flowers. But for now we only see the first leaves; the snow has not melted everywhere yet. But look, here in the thawed patch the first flower will soon bloom; if you look more closely, a small bud has appeared between the green leaves. Observation of children.
- Guys, how many of you know the name of this flower? Children's answers.
- Yes, the flower is called spring clear.
- Please listen to G. Goldstadt’s poem about a wonderful flower, yellow as the sun.
As soon as the spring waters subside, it’s as if someone had smeared ocher -
Then the clean man leads round dances, throwing off the painful oppression of winter.
It happened that we ate tubers of it, it’s not superfluous, which means it’s in nature,
Although poisonous - wow!
- Guys, young spring plants of the spring plant (before flowering) contain quite a lot of vitamin “C” and therefore they can be used as a seasoning for spring salad. However, the clear grass, like other representatives of the Buttercup family, is a poisonous plant! If the young guillemot is still edible, then later, with the beginning of flowering, it acquires a bitter taste and becomes poisonous. However, beavers, for example, willingly eat guillemot without harm to themselves.
“We’ll definitely come up to him on our next walk.”
- What are the first flowers called?
- Yes, primroses. Why are they called that? How do you understand this word?
- Primroses are the flowers that are the first to bloom after winter in forests, parks, and meadows. These are the first spring flowers. Each flower is amazing in its beauty, and also delights us with its delicate aroma.
- Guys, we will definitely come back here to admire the primroses on our next walk.
Appendix No. 19
Summary of the second walk - observations in the park on the topic: “Primroses”
Software tasks.
Educational: to arouse children’s interest in the nature around us, to expand children’s ideas and knowledge about spring primroses and their significance in our lives.
Developmental: teach to admire flowers, teach to observe, compare, look for changes in the development of flower growth; activate attention, memory, develop coherent speech; teach to see and perceive the beauty of primroses.
Educational: to cultivate a caring attitude towards natural treasures.
Progress of observation.
Guys, today we will go on an excursion to the park for the second time. Please note how the nature and plants that we saw on our first walk in April have changed.
- Guys, what has changed in our clearing? Children's answers.
- That's right, the first flowers bloomed, there was no snow left on the ground, there was a lot of green grass, young leaves appeared on the trees.
- Guys, I’ll tell you riddles about primroses, and you will find the answers in the clearing.
- He is both stepmother and mother. What is the name of this flower? (Coltsfoot)
- Yellow flowers, varnished cheeks. The corollas are quintuple, and the leaves are changeable. (Chistyak spring)
- In May it is yellow, and in July it is a fluffy ball. We blew on it a little and it flew up (Dandelion)
- I have spring flower, signs, so as not to be mistaken: the leaf is like garlic, and the crown is like a prince! (Goose onion)
- Our clearing is very bright, there are flowers everywhere. One of the first flowers to appear is the coltsfoot. This flower can be seen everywhere. The flowers of this plant are similar to dandelion, but are much smaller and bloom earlier. But most importantly, the coltsfoot flowers bloom before the leaves appear. Why is this plant given such a strange name? Here's why: the lower part of its leaf is covered with delicate, fluffy hairs, it seems soft and warm to the touch - this is the mother. And the top one, on the contrary, is hard and cold. This is the stepmother. So they called it: coltsfoot. Guys, this flower is not only beautiful, it is also useful. When you catch a cold and have a sore throat, your mother can treat you with tea made from coltsfoot. And if you add another spoonful of raspberry jam to this tea, the cold will immediately go away. You see how useful the simplest flowers can be. But, unfortunately, the life of the first flowers is short. Often people pick the first flowers without thinking that they will die very soon.
- Guys, what do you think needs to be done so that the flowers do not die and delight us with their beauty? (Children's answers)
- That's right, you can only admire the flowers. In a glass, a flower will last one day, or maybe less and wither, but in a clearing, in nature, it will delight us all for a long time.
- Guys, let's play the game: "Wreath." Let's choose a gardener as a counting table.
Reading: A turtle went for a swim and bit everyone out of fear: Kus! Kus! Kus! I'm not afraid of anyone!
Gardener: I'm going to pick a flower and weave a wreath from the flowers.
Children: We don’t want them to tear us down and weave wreaths out of us.
We want to stay in the forest, they will admire us.
The gardener catches the “flowers”, and they run away from him.
The teacher summarizes the observation:
- Guys, what flowers did we meet in the clearing? Will you take care of the flowers? Remember, without them there will be no beauty on earth, they will not delight us with their bright colors meadows, fields, parks, forests.
The teacher invites the children to examine the flowers individually.
Municipal educational institution "Ostashevskaya secondary school"
Class hour on the topic:
"Medicinal plants
native land"
dedicated to the 535th anniversary
Ostasheva village
Prepared by: primary school teacher
Stadnikova Valentina Ivanovna
With. Ostashevo
2012
Ostashevo is an emerald and fabulous land.
Class hour: “Medicinal plants of our native land”
Goals: development of elements of a scientific worldview,
-general outlook, internal culture and cognitive activity of students;
-form the concept of “medicinal plants”, teach to recognize
local medicinal plants;
- to cultivate love for the native land, for its nature.
Equipment: herbarium: “Medicinal plants of the native land”, slides, illustrations of medicinal herbs, drawings by children, fairy tales written by children.
Leading. In September 2012, our village Ostashevo turns 535 years old.
The village is notable for the names of its former owners. First, these are the princes Urusov, then the Muravyovs, and then Prince K. Romanov. Uncle last emperor Nicholas
·
·, the president Russian Academy sciences,
the talented poet Konstantin Romanov loved his Ostashevo very much:
(Slides 1 and 2).
I love you, secluded shelter!
An ancient house above a quiet river.
And white and pink reflected in it
Opposite the village temple above the steep slope
Our village is rich and beautiful with forests, fields, and rivers. How much amazing plants growing everywhere! But they not only attract us with their appearance, but they are healers, helping humans and animals fight numerous diseases. (Slides 3,4)
Today in class we will summarize what we have done research work on the topic: “Medicinal plants.” Start of this
the work was given in September, the finish will be in May. During this time, we went on excursions in order to identify the growth of medicinal plants and the degree of dustiness of plants. We collected and dried medicinal plants, followed by the preparation of a herbarium. We studied literature about forest pharmacy, wrote short reports about plants, essays, fairy tales, and created puzzles and crosswords. So let's begin.
1-student.
Medicinal plants are a group of plants used to treat diseases of humans and animals, as well as to prevent diseases.
2-student.
Substances that have a medicinal effect can be contained in any plant organ: leaves (coltsfoot), stems and bark (oak, sea buckthorn), buds (birch, pine), roots (valerian), and of course, flowers, fruits and seeds.
3 student.
Medicinal plants have been used by humans for a very long time: in India, Ancient Egypt, China, medicinal herbs were used 5 - 6 thousand years ago
Some medicinal plants are herbs (St. John's wort, lily of the valley, clover),
others are shrubs (raspberry, elderberry), others are trees (birch, pine, oak)
Grieg's music "Procession of the Dwarves" is playing. Lesovik appears. (Student in Lesovik costume)
Lesovik.
The forest is like a fairy tale kingdom:
There are medicines growing all around there.
In every grass, in every branch -
And medicine and pills.
Well, what, how, what to treat,
I can teach you.
You just need to not be lazy,
You just need to learn
Find plants in the forest that are suitable for treatment.
Medicinal properties of various plants.
Leading. This healing plant is familiar to everyone since childhood. When guys have abrasions on their elbows or knees, we immediately look for this plant.
Question: What plant will help us on a hike if we are wounded? (Slide 5).
Plantain. (Slide 6)
The traveler's friend is the plantain,
A modest, inconspicuous leaf
You're on a cut finger
Lay down with a damp patch.
Many of you are unaware
That a cure has been found
Right there, on the path, at your feet.
Question: What plant can stop bleeding? (Slide 7).
Yarrow. (Slide 8)
Collect the yarrow in bloom,
Speeds up wound healing -
And the crushed stalk
And take a sip of the broth inside
Calms the blood flow.
Question: What plant can replace cotton wool? (Slide 9).
Moss. (Slide 10).
Between cranberries and cloudberries
Dweller of forest swamps,
On a hummock there is moss without a stem,
It grows everywhere you look.
He's gray underneath
Higher greens.
If you need cotton wool
Get him quickly
On the bushes of the clearing
Dried in the summer heat.
He wounds the partisans
He treated in the wilderness of the forest.
This is sphagnum moss.
Question: Which plant helps with colds? (Slide 11).
Linden. (Slide 12)
Linden - a remedy for colds
Everyone knows about it everywhere.
Although the linden color is inconspicuous,
But healthier than tea No.
Question: How to treat cough and fever? (Slide 13).
Pharmaceutical camomile. (Slide 14)
If you happen to catch a cold
A cough will set in
The heat will rise
Pull your mug closer
In which it smokes
Slightly bitter fragrant decoction.
Student: But freckles bother me!
Strawberries. (Slide 15)
Everyone knows strawberries
And viburnum too.
Spread this juice on
Freckled skin.
Performing the Russian folk song “Now a birch tree, now a rowan tree.” (Slide 16).
Student. Our Russian beauties, slender white birches, are known all over the world. There is no tree sweeter and dearer than birch! The feelings that it evokes are in tune with the generous, sympathetic and kind soul of the Russian person. Birch is a symbol of the Motherland.
Birch. (Student in a birch tree costume). Russian doctors more than 100 years ago established the diuretic effect of birch buds.
Birch has served faithfully for many centuries, benefiting not only the soul,
but also to the body. This is famous Birch broom in the bathhouse, and tar, one spoon of which spoils a barrel of honey, but heals skin diseases, wounds, ulcers,
burns (Vishnevsky ointment).
A pine tree appears. (Student in a pine costume)
Pine.
I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.
I'm growing very straight
In height.
If I'm not on the edge,
The branches are only on the top of the head.
Who am I guys? What do you know about me? (Slide 17).
1 - student. A decoction of pine buds is recommended as an expectorant, disinfectant and diuretic; pine baths as a restorative and sedative. “Pine is a fragrant healer.”
2 – student. During the difficult days of the siege of Leningrad, a massive
production of a fortified drink from pine needles, which saved many lives!
The poem “Grandma’s Pharmacy” is a dramatization.
-I'll go to the pharmacy.
-Where are you going on foot?
-Over the river, grandson, over the river,
Birch Bridge.
There is a cheese glade
Not visible from here.
For me, granddaughter, valerian
Heartfelt need
Come with me, my dear,
Help the old woman
And treat illness with herbs
You'll learn, you'll see.
You will find Kalgan in the field,
Oregano for tea
All the herbs in the field have their will -
Come with me, honey!
Leading. Look around you when you are in the forest or field in the summer
or at the dacha.
Blooming Sally. Have you ever seen pink forest glades like these (Slide 18)? The smell of honey can be heard from such meadows. It blooms from June to August fireweed (fireweed). This plant is very useful! The rhizome is sweet and is eaten raw and boiled. Young leaves are placed in salads, and dried leaves are used to brew delicious tea.
Lesovik. And here is the riddle from the box.
Golden and young
In a week he turned gray,
And in two days
Bald head
I’ll hide it in my pocket
Former (Dandelion). (Slide 19).
Dandelion. (Student in a dandelion costume). Folk wisdom has long attributed the ability to give strength and vigor to a decoction of dandelion leaves and relieve fatigue. And the infusion and preparations from its roots are used to treat diseases of the liver and gall bladder. The juice of young leaves removes freckles and dark spots on the skin.
Belka appears. (Student in a squirrel costume).
Hello guys! I'm glad to see you!
After all, I have a lot of questions
I had a headache.
You sort out the questions
And tell me the answers.
Leading. Let's help Belka answer the questions. Game "Find Me"
Participants are given air balloons. You need to get a note from the ball, answer the question asked and find the answer in the “clearing”.
1What is this herb that the blind know? (Nettle)
2. It's very hot. I took the umbrella and tore it off.
And under a green umbrella I went into the forest to pick berries. (Burdock)
3.No one is scared, but everyone is trembling. (Aspen)
4. In haymaking it is bitter, and in frost it is sweet. What kind of berry? (Rowan).
5. You will find these berries in a large forest swamp.
As if there were red peas scattered there. (Cranberry)
6.Blue head
And a long stem
Well, who doesn’t know him? This is (Cornflower).
7 A medicinal plant, named for the shape of its fruit, similar to a shoulder bag. (Shepherd's purse).
8. In some places there is still snow, and where the sun is warm, on the outskirts of fields, along the banks of ravines and rivers, golden heads appear in early April
this plant. (Coltsfoot).
Host: What rules for collecting medicinal plants do you know?
(Slides 20 – 25).
Collect plants in the forest, field, meadow, but not along major highways, not near industrial enterprises, farms
Leave some plants for their reproduction.
Leaves and flowers are most often collected before and during the flowering of plants, i.e. In spring and summer.
Roots and rhizomes - early spring, autumn.
Koru in April – May.
Medicinal plants are collected in the morning, as soon as the dew has disappeared, because during the day, in the bright sun, the amount of useful substances decreases.
13 SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 1415 Dry medicinal raw materials in the shade, in the air.
Lesovik. And here is a cheerful clearing, the guys have prepared funny ditties.
Funny ditties.
1.I am a natural material
collected in the summer
And now the apartment is ours
Became a hayloft!
2. We no longer get the flu,
We are not afraid of drafts.
Replaces all tablets
We need a head of garlic!
3. I always catch it on myself
Glances of admiration!
Beauty and health to me
They give tomatoes.
4.I found the secret of blush
At great-grandmother Thekla's -
Best of all overseas blushes
Juice from our beets!
5. In the summer, every clearing,
Like a self-assembled tablecloth.
Delicious wild berries
It will feed you and me just in time.
6.All clearings and bushes
We wandered around in the forest.
Vitamins are all there is
We stocked up for the winter.
Lesovik. You guys need to remember:
Tree, grass, flower and bird
They don't always know how to defend themselves.
If they are destroyed,
We will be alone on the planet.
Host: Our Classroom hour. Many useful medicinal plants grow in the forests, fields, and meadows of our region.
Let's be careful and attentive not only to those plants that are listed in the Red Book, but also to those that surround us everywhere.
The class hour ended with tea with fragrant herbs and honey.
1.A.A Pleshakov. Atlas – determinant “From earth to sky”//
Moscow, “Enlightenment”, 2007.
2. E.A. Postnikova “Fundamentals of natural science and agricultural knowledge” // Moscow, “Vlados”, 2001.
3. S. Aliyeva “Forest Pharmacy” // Yoshkar-Ola, 1999.
4.N.I. Panfilova, V.V. Sadovnikov “35 Saturdays plus holidays” //
Moscow, " New school", year 2001.
5. I.D. Ageeva “500 new children’s ditties” // Moscow, “TC Sfera”, 2001
6. O. Zhurba “Travnik” // Moscow “Arnadia”, 1998.
7.A.Yu.Nesterovskaya, T.D. Rendyuk “Healing plants of your star” // Moscow “Armada”, 1995.
8. Internet resources.
Ostashevskaya secondary school. Stadnikova V.I.
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Attached files
Lesson topic: " Spring phenomena in the life of plants of the native land"
Lesson type: lesson - summary
Develop materialistic views of nature,
To establish the reasons for the early flowering of woody and herbaceous plants and the change in seasonal phenomena in plant life.
Introduce students to the different periods of spring.
Develop a caring attitude towards nature;
To contribute to the aesthetic education of students through the means of nature and art.
Equipment for the lesson: computer, interactive whiteboard, illustrations, videos, textbook
LESSON STRUCTURE
Organizational part - 2-3 minutes.
Motivation for learning activities – 3 min
Summarizing the material – 30-35 min
Message homework - 3-4 min.
Completion of the lesson, reflection - 1-2 minutes.
DURING THE CLASSES
Organizational part
Motivation for learning activities
1. A conversation about the changes observed in nature in spring.
2.Characteristics of herbaceous plants in spring:
Plant morphology;
Nutrient reserves: rhizomes, corms, bulbous plants.
Methods of plant pollination.
3.Characteristics of woody plants in spring:
Sap flow,
Methods of plant pollination.
4. Shrub plants.
5. Shrubs.
6.Protection of early flowering plants (lungwort, corydalis, oak anemone, wolf's bast)
7. Summing up the excursion.
8.Tasks in groups.
Generalization
In the forest and on the forest bend,
In native fields, where the distance is bright,
Don't be separated from kindness
Do not harm nature.
After all, you yourself are a part of it,
She is always generous to you.
Everything you bring to her will be reflected
In your soul, in your destiny.
Go to the ground good friend,
Go as her protector
So that only the singing of birds over the meadow,
May peace and sunshine lie ahead.
R. Trefilova.
Conversation about changes. observed in nature in spring.
What natural phenomena can be observed in spring? (Sap flow, swelling and blooming of leaf and flower buds, flowering of early flowering plants, shoot growth).
Under what causes do these phenomena occur? (Increase in air temperature, increase in daylight hours, absorption of water with mineral salts dissolved in it by roots, movement of reserve substances in plants to growing plant organs).
2.Life of herbaceous early flowering plants in spring.
Which herbaceous plants bloom first in the spring? (Coltsfoot, lungwort, primrose).
That is an indispensable condition early flowering plants? (Inflorescences are laid in the summer of the previous year. The supply of nutrients is concentrated in the rhizome).
Where do coltsfoot meet? (In some places there is still snow, and where the sun warms up, on slopes, hillocks, in open, illuminated and warmed places. As soon as the snow melts, its leafless stems with bright yellow inflorescences appear).
What is the name of the inflorescence of this plant? What are its symptoms? (The basket is a compact inflorescence of small flowers).
How is coltsfoot pollinated? By what signs did you determine this? (Insects, but self-pollination can also occur).
Why does this plant bloom so early? (Abundant nutrition is necessary for flowering. This plant does not yet have green leaves. Nutrient reserves are in the rhizomes. This organ of the plant is spoken of in the riddle: “There is a rope in the ground, and in it there is a storage room.”
What plant organs does the rhizome belong to? (Modified escape).
How to prove this? (The rhizome contains a supply of nutrients. It was deposited last summer. Thanks to these reserves, flower buds grow and fruits are formed. Then large leaves appear on the plant).
Why did the plant get the name “coltsfoot”?
(Try to alternately apply the bottom and top sides of the leaf to your skin; in the first case you will feel warmth, and in the second - cold. This explains why people have called this plant coltsfoot for a long time).
How is this plant useful? (This is a medicinal plant. Collections of leaves are used for respiratory diseases).
What is the significance of the pubescence of the stems and young leaves of coltsfoot? (Pubescence protects leaves and stems from freezing and excessive evaporation. A protective layer of air forms between the hairs).
On clear spring days, these plants turn yellow like golden stars. But as soon as a rain cloud appears in the sky, the stars will go out and the flowers will close. This is how mother-and-stepmother predicts the weather.
What is the name of this plant? It blooms as soon as the snow melts, and the petals are first bright pink, then become purple, and then blue. (Lungwort. And the plant is so called because its flowers contain a lot of nectar. This is one of the earliest honey plants. It suffered the fate of many early flowering plants - it became a rare plant in need of protection).
Early flowering plants are anemone and primrose. The blue coppice has bloomed, which means that in a few days the white coppice, the oak anemone, as it is more often called, will also bloom. In some places, in bright clearings, it grows like a carpet: light carved leaves and above them white flowers with thin delicate petals. The tall stem of the oak anemone sways at the slightest breath of wind. The flowers close at night and during rain.
Corydalis blooms early in spring. Their supply of nutrients is located in an underground tuber. They are unpretentious and frost-resistant.
How is it that the corydalis is so rapid in its development? After all, the snow has just melted. And it is already blooming! As if appearing out of nowhere. From its underground nodule! And it sits in the soil at some depth - round, yellowish, the size of a cherry. There is a bud on the nodule. Even in winter, a sprout forms from it. On the outside he is dressed translucently protective cover. By the beginning of spring, the sprout has almost reached the surface. As soon as he looks into the sunlight, the cover bursts and falls off. At first, the plant looks like an embryo: the stem is bent, the leaves are rolled into a ball. But soon the corydalis straightens up and unfolds its delicate leaves.And it's ready to bloom.
Why are all the primroses in a hurry to bloom? (All these plants are light-loving and bloom before the leaves bloom on trees and shrubs, when there is a lot of light in the forest).
Early flowering herbaceous plants have nectar, edible sticky pollen, and some have brightly colored corollas.
3.Woody plants in spring.
The forest is good in early and late spring, when the stormy life hidden from eyes and ears begins to awaken in it. Melting winter snow. Above your head you can see thin birch branches showered with inflated resinous buds. More and more bird voices are heard in the forest. It smells like resinous buds and tree bark. Trees experience sap flow in spring. Budding, flowering.
How are woody plants pollinated? (Alder, aspen, birch, poplar are wind-pollinated. Willow is an insect-pollinated plant).
Green willow grows along the banks of small forest rivers, streams and old ditches. Who doesn't know this weak, light tree? Willow also grows in vegetable gardens, orchards and along roadways. People know many types of wild willow and call them differently.
In early spring, when the forest has not yet covered itself with green foliage, a tender willow blossoms, reflected in the spring water with yellow puffs. Collecting golden pollen, bees flying out of the hives hover over the flowering willows.
This is a very unpretentious tree. Its thick, knotty gray-green branches are completely hidden behind light bright yellow balls. And all of her became fluffy, airy, sunny.
Willow blossoms are a holiday for insects. The elegant bush is noisy and cheerful, like a Christmas tree. Bumblebees hum, flies fuss, busy bees collect pollen, butterflies flutter...
Why do wind-pollinated plants flower before their leaves appear? What are the characteristics of wind-pollinated plants? (Flowers are collected in inflorescences, pendulous inflorescences, a lot of dry pollen, flowering before the leaves appear, which facilitates the dissemination of pollen by the wind).
4. Shrub plants in spring.
Lingonberries grow in a quiet grove,
Breathing resinous air,
Lives your life as simply as possible
And that's why it's so good.
N. Kholodkovsky.
Lingonberry is a plant characteristic of coniferous forests. It is relatively undemanding to soil fertility. Lingonberries emerge from under the snow green, with leaves that remain on the plant for two to three years, overwintering several times under the snow. In the spring, lingonberries cannot get out of the state of winter torpor for a long time; the buds begin to bloom at the very end of spring.
5. Shrubs in spring.
In the spruce forest, the wolf's bast bush bloomed with small pinkish flowers. Flowers sit directly on the trunk and branches, as if attached to them.
How pleasing to the eye these unpretentious flowers are, how good they smell, fresh and delicate, just like spring!
Now there are no leaves on the branches of the wolf's bast; they will appear later, when the plant fades. The leaves of the wolf's bast are oblong, slightly pointed towards the end. These leaves grow in bunches at the ends of the branches. And below them, on the branches, bright red berries the size of a pea appear in the fall. The shrub grows in dense forests and thickets, blooms in March-April, berries ripen in June-July. All parts of the plant (fresh and dried) are very poisonous, especially the bast (wood fibers) and berries. Poisoning can occur through contact with the plant, especially its bark. The toxic component of wolf bast has a sharp, burning taste and is highly irritating. Now this plant is taken under protection as rare.
6. Protection of early flowering plants.
Don't pick flowers, don't pick them,
Let the Earth be elegant,
Instead of bouquets, give
Cornflowers, forget-me-nots
And daisy fields...
Yu. Antonov.
What can we do if we want flowers to please us for a long time?
– What measures would you propose to protect early flowering plants of your native land?
– How can you tell your friends, acquaintances and village residents about protecting the plants of your native land?
– What biological features allow plants to be primroses?
7. Summing up the excursion
When generalizing, the teacher focuses on the role of storage substances that are deposited by ephemeral plants in rhizomes, bulbs, and tubers. Energy reserves mainly consist of starch and tannins. The latter act as protective substances.
8.Work in groups.
Recording when compiling a report on the excursion.
Homework assignment message Task 1.
In a certain area, determine the number of flowering herbaceous plants. Compare the number of plants blooming in an open and closed place. Determine the reasons for the differences.
Task 2.
Establish adaptive characteristics to unfavorable conditions (sudden changes in weather, temperature, snow, wind).
Task 3.
Establish an adaptation for pollination of annual and perennial herbaceous plants that bloom in early spring.
Answer the question: What are the biological characteristics of the plants studied?
Completion of the lesson, reflection
In class I learned...
I was surprised...
It was interesting to me….
I didn't like the lesson...
I would like to know about......
Project stage:
Project underway
Objective of the project:
Creating conditions for children to become familiar with the world of medicinal plants of their native village, to form ideas about the importance of plants in improving and preserving human health. Explore the possibility of using plants instead of chemicals. Instilling in children the basics of a healthy lifestyle. Activate children's initiative, attention, memory, and enrichment of vocabulary.
Project objectives:
Educational objectives. Clarify and expand children's knowledge about the names of medicinal plants, their history and health value, and rules of use. To introduce the variety of medicinal plants, their significance for all life on the planet, as well as fiction to create a holistic image of the object being studied. Find out what medicinal plants are in your immediate environment: on the territory of the kindergarten and your native village. Involve preschoolers in environmental activities.
Developmental tasks: To develop in preschoolers curiosity, observation, speech, as well as the ability to compare and analyze. Develop children's vocabulary and knowledge about medicinal plants. To develop the feelings and emotions of preschoolers acquired in the process of cognition through the organization of productive activities.
Educational objectives: To develop communication skills, independence, hard work in preschoolers, as well as respect for nature.
Results achieved behind Last year:
The correct attitude of children towards plants that help human health is realized.
Children developed cognitive interest and expanded their understanding of nature.
Knowledge about medicinal plants has been formed.
Children's experience in the field of environmental education has been enriched.
A respectful and caring attitude towards the native nature has been formed.
The rules of behavior in the forest have been studied.
Developed interest in nature.
Social significance of the project:
We usually don't think about where medicines come from. It's simple: if a person gets sick, we go to the pharmacy and buy it. It is known that there are special factories that produce various medications. But it turns out that plants can also be used as a pharmacy. Medicinal plants have been known to man almost since his appearance on Earth. Ancient people knew about healing properties many plants and skillfully used them to treat various diseases. Herbal treatment has been known in Russia for a long time and was so popular that the cultivation of medicinal plants was given great attention even kings. Peter I ordered the creation of apothecary schools and “apothecary gardens” - the first plantations of medicinal plants in Russia. Much has changed since then in Russia, but interest in medicinal herbs has not faded; on the contrary, it is especially great now.
With the onset of winter, we began to get sick more often: a cough, runny nose, and sore throat appeared. We don't like to take medicine. And we had an idea: medicinal plants will help us recover. We realized that we needed additional theoretical information, and decided to start searching for the necessary information. There are many types of plants growing on our planet: wild, cultivated, useful and poisonous, herbaceous and tree-like. We want to talk about those plants that are called useful and medicinal. These are plants that most often grow wild in nature; they are beneficial to humans because they have healing properties, which is why they are called medicinal herbs or bushes. Due to their healing properties, these plants are widely used in folk medicine, for the treatment and prevention of a wide variety of diseases, many of the plants are even used in the pharmaceutical industry, for the manufacture of medicines. Caring for the health of the child currently occupies a priority position in preschool education. One of the means of preserving and strengthening health is the healing forces of nature.
Observing and examining plants in a group, on the street, and having learned that ordinary plants in the immediate environment can help human health, we decided to learn about their significance in people’s lives and their healing properties. Therefore, together with the students, it was developed environmental project“Medicinal plants of the native village.”
Activities carried out within the framework of the project:
Events held from October 2017 to March 2018 (teacher and children from the preschool group participated):
- Conversations about medicinal plants: “What did the coltsfoot flower tell you?”, “Fragrant mint is pleasant for all diseases!”, “Plantain is a great traveler!”, “Common calendula”, “Humble dandelion”, “Useful nettle ", "Chamomile - "white shirt", "How good our burdock is today!"
- NOD “Plants are around us. Medicinal plants”, “Pharmacy on the windowsill: medicinal plants”. - Didactic games: “What does this plant heal?”, “Which part of the plant is healing?”, “Math puzzles”, “Green pharmacy”, Lotto “Plants”, “Root tops”, “Find out by description”, “Guess what kind of plant are you?
- Reading fiction: riddles, poems, proverbs, works - T. Kryukova “Forest Pharmacy”, M.A. Kuznetsova, A.S. Reznikova “Tales of Medicinal Plants”, M.M. Prishvin “Golden Meadow”;
N. Pavlova “The Tricky Dandelion”;
G. V. Lebedeva “Dandelion”;
"Legends of Dandelion"; V. Bianki “About herbs”; A. Strizhov “Vegetable garden at the edge”. - --Observation of medicinal plants.
- Growing and planting seedlings on the kindergarten site, caring for them. - Keeping a diary of plant observations.
- Drawing of medicinal plants.
- Application “Dandelion”, “Chamomile field”
Events held in April 2018 (teacher, preschool children and their parents participated):
- Creation of an album of medicinal plants, compiled from children's drawings, “Health in a basket.”
- Card index “Pharmacy on the windowsill: medicinal indoor plants.”
- Little books “Medicinal Plants” made by parents and children.
- Quiz “Medicinal Plant Experts”.
- Theatrical performance “Journey to the Fairytale Forest”.
Project scope:
The project is aimed at children of senior preschool age, age 6-7 years