Today, all over the world, the number of companies that use advanced technologies for manufacturing products by processing secondary raw materials is beginning to increase. This process indicates that not only the thinking of the producers themselves is changing, but also their attitude towards making profits. The ongoing global changes are also transforming a conventional raw materials economy into a high-tech one, which allows rational use of available resources without polluting the environment around us.

Of course, such production also requires financial investments, but believe me, they all return quickly after starting work. Now, thanks to the examples below, you will be convinced that processing of secondary raw materials, in large and small volumes, is a combination of pleasant and useful, personal benefit and respect for the environment around us.

Manufacturing technology of polymer-sand tiles and paving slabs

For industrial or private production of polymer-sand tiles and or paving slabs, you must have ordinary sand, dye (preferably from Bayer) and used polymer material.

The ratio of the necessary components for polymer-sand tiles is as follows:

75 parts sand,
24 parts of polymer waste,
1 part dye.

To make paving slabs:

94 parts sand,
1 part dye
5 parts polymer waste.

Where can I get recyclable materials? Polymer waste can be purchased very cheaply at recycling collection points or at any landfill. It is absolutely not necessary to clean and sort them (from paper and food waste), because all this will burn and in the future the quality will be reduced. finished products will not have any impact.

What polymer materials can be used?- any. At the same time, you should be aware that used bags and old plastic film are called soft polymers, and any plastic bottles, polystyrene, polypropylene - rigid polymers. It is desirable if the ratio of soft and hard polymers is equal, that is, fifty to fifty. In Russia, the cost of one ton of polymer waste is approximately 3 thousand rubles.

Sand. The humidity of this component should not exceed 10%, the content of impurities (for example, clay) should not exceed 20%. The cost of sand is 300 - 350 rubles per ton.

Dye. It is inexpensive - approximately 90 rubles per kilogram. Of course, you can do without it, but then the resulting tiles will turn out gray and will not have a marketable appearance.

The production line consists of:

extruder,
melting and heating unit,
molding press.

The required working area (for installation of equipment, in a well-ventilated area) is 150 square meters. meters.

Processing and manufacturing of products

In the extruder, polymer materials are heated, then mixed and crushed into very small homogeneous particles (up to 10 mm).

Next, the prepared polymer material + sand + dye are mixed and this mass is poured into the melting and heating unit. There, the process of melting polymers occurs, and with the help of rotating blades, uniform and high-quality mixing of all the listed components occurs.

The resulting homogeneous mass (like a tight dough) is placed in a molding press, in special molds, where it is then slowly cooled. To give polymer-sand tiles shine, in a mold top part cools more slowly than the lower one.

The equipment and products themselves do not require any certificates or licenses. More detailed information about equipment for the production of polymer-sand products can be obtained by e-mail: [email protected]

We produce... oil!

One more interesting technology invented by American scientists. Its essence is to return plastic bottles to their original state, that is, oil.

Thus, the Envion company (Washington) has developed a method for processing plastic and polyethylene into oil. For this purpose, the EnvionOilGeneratorTM was created with a production capacity of 50,000 bar. oil from 10 thousand tons of used material per year.

The cost of producing one ton of oil, thanks to this technology, is $17. The generator is easy to install and operate, highly efficient, for environment absolutely harmless. Founded technological process on the extraction of hydrocarbons from used plastic. Without the use of catalysts, by cooling the raw materials (plastic and polyethylene), thermal cracking in a vacuum.

Conclusions. Today in Russia the production of plastic and polyethylene processing has not yet been seriously streamlined. Therefore, the commercial potential of this idea (production of polymer-sand tiles, paving slabs and oil from plastic waste) is very large.

And further. By starting to produce the above products or raw materials, you can not only create new jobs, earn decent money, but also help solve the problem of recycling plastic and polyethylene waste and improve our environment.

Plastic bottles make up almost a third of all garbage, according to environmentalists. These bottles sell a huge range of drinks, ranging from mineral water and ending with beer or milk. Very rarely this material is used for recycling, but recently the production of paving slabs from plastic bottles.

Features of manufacturing polymer tiles

The main advantage of this building material is its low price

Organize production polymer tiles at home has recently come to the minds of homeowners more and more often. Owners who prefer to do the arrangement themselves summer cottage or the area adjacent to the house, they make a lot of effort to create an original and well-groomed appearance.

The main advantage of this building material is its low price. After all, finding raw materials for products is not difficult. Production can be organized plastic tiles from waste, because there is a huge amount of used plastic bottles around us. In addition, there is no need to purchase expensive equipment for the production of plastic tiles if we're talking about about a small number of products for household needs.

Paving slabs from plastic bottles is different high level strength. In addition, it can always be easily dismantled and replaced with a new one without major financial investments. And as raw materials for the manufacture of this building material you will only need polymer, sand and a dye.

What features do polymer sand tiles have?

In winter, removing snow from the surface of the polymer path is not difficult.

Due to its strength, polymer tiles can be compared with concrete tiles, surpassing them in some respects. Unlike concrete, it will not crack in the cold. In winter, removing snow from the surface of the path will not be difficult, plus, an ice crust will not form on this material. And the surface itself adheres perfectly to the sole of the shoe, which will reduce slipping to a minimum.

Advantages of tracks made of polymer materials:

• high level of strength;
• abrasion resistance;
• moisture resistance;
• withstands low temperatures up to -70C;
• light weight;
• chemical resistance;
• ease and simplicity of installation;
• possibility of manufacturing in various colors with a variety of surface textures;
• long service life.

The disadvantages of the material include an increase in size at high temperatures, so when laying it, it is necessary to leave a distance of several millimeters.

Where can the finished material be used?

Before considering production polymer-sand tiles, let's decide on the scope of its application. Products can be used:

• for the construction of paths and surrounding areas in a country house or private house;
• for finishing the floor in a summer cafe or park;
• in garages and workshops;
• as facing material for plinths;
• for finishing the roof.

The wide range of applications is due to the characteristics.

What equipment is needed?

Extruder for grinding polymer waste

Equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles at home should consist of an extruder, a melting machine and a molding press.

If you plan to produce polymer tiles in industrial scale, then the equipment must also be appropriate. And these are polymer crushers, a thermal screw mixing machine and a molding unit. Accordingly, the price for purchasing equipment will be high.

Also, the production of polymer sand tiles requires the presence of molds for production. Molds can be rubber, fiberglass or plastic. The first type is almost never used, since such forms are expensive and have quite a lot of weight. In addition, the service life of such forms is short. As for fiberglass, they are suitable for the manufacture of large-sized products. They require pre-lubrication every time they are used. Plastic molds are most often used. ABS plastic is usually used. At the same time, direct production of paving slabs from ABS plastic is not yet envisaged.

Production technology

Melting mold for making polymer tiles

Let's look at how to make polymer sand tiles with your own hands. The production of tiles from plastic bottles should be organized in well-ventilated areas. You can do this right on the street.

The manufacturing technology involves the initial grinding of raw materials. To do this, you need to place plastic bottles in the extruder. In addition to bottles, you can additionally use old broken boxes, etc.

Next, the production of plastic tiles involves pouring the heated and crushed mixture into a melting apparatus, where dyes and moistened sand are added to the plastic. When heated and mixed, a substance is formed that has a viscous consistency. It is this that is distributed into molds where it is pressed. The production of paving slabs from plastic bottles is completed by cooling the finished products.

What will be the ratio of raw materials?

A set of equipment from an extruder and a mold press

The production of tiles from plastic bottles requires the following ratio of raw materials used:

• 75-80% sand;
• 1% dyes;
• about 20-24% of plastic products.

The production of sand-polymer tiles from recycled materials does not require preliminary cleaning, and sorting is also not required. It is also permissible to make plastic paving slabs using old bags or plastic film, but no more than half the composition.

What else can you make your own tiles from?

In addition to plastic tiles, you can also produce other things yourself modern product- rubber tile. Equipment for the production of rubber tiles will be the same as for polymer products. The best raw materials are waste car tires. They are crushed into crumbs, painted with dye and pressed. In the presented video you can clearly see how plastic tiles are made.

DIY paving slabs made from plastic bottles

Used plastic bottles are trash, accounting for a third of all waste on the planet. These containers are used to sell water, juices, beer and liquid medications. household chemicals. The container is considered disposable, therefore, after use it is useless for the original purpose.

But today, plastic bottles are processed into flex - plastic chips, which are later used to make polymer fiber and various products used in everyday life and in production.

Bottle paving slabs in our country it is considered an innovation, although in the West this technology has been used for a long time. Therefore, the production of paving slabs from plastic waste is profitable business with little competition.

Advantages and disadvantages

First of all, tiles made from plastic bottles attract buyers with their low price, which due to the cheapness of raw materials, going into production. All you need is plastic container, sand, dye and additives. But with such a sidewalk covering a large number of good performance characteristics, that is, the consumer pays little and receives high-quality material.

The main advantages of polymer pavement:

· In terms of strength, polymer tiles can compete with concrete pavement;

· does not crack in the cold;

· It is easy to remove snow from such paths;

· no ice crust forms on the coating;

· good adhesion to the sole of shoes ensures the safety of pedestrians;

· the surface is resistant to abrasion;

· has high moisture resistance;

· the material is light and easy to install;

· not afraid of chemical influences;

· withstands very low temperatures;

· produced in different colors and textures.

Flaw paving slabs made from plastic bottles have only one - at high temperatures it increases slightly in size. To avoid deformation of the coating under the influence of sunlight, when laying between the tiles, maintain a distance of several millimeters.

Scope of application

The material is in demand among homeowners, construction organizations, owners of summer cottages.

· On personal plot paving slabs made from plastic bottles can be used to lay paths leading to the house and to the garden, to decorate an area for a patio, a children's playground or the area adjacent to the pool.

· The coating is used in car washes, service stations, gas stations, and parking lots.

· Tiles can become a decorative addition when designing flower beds and flower beds.

· Municipal organizations use these products to create public playgrounds and park paths.

Polymer sand tile production

The production of polymer sand tiles is a special technological process, having mastered which anyone can start a profitable business. Part polymer material includes three components.

1. Crushed waste plastic bottles, which are a connecting link and occupy ¼ of the total volume of the mixture.

2. ¾ of the volume is occupied by sand - this is the main filler.

3. Inorganic dyes.

Since sand is the main element here, high demands are placed on its quality. Good sand It has a medium grain size and does not contain any impurities, since the fraction is thoroughly sifted, then washed and calcined.

The bottles themselves do not require cleaning or sorting. A small addition of waste from polyethylene and plastic boxes is allowed. But these components should not exceed 1/3 of the composition.

The production of polymer sand tiles can be carried out using several technologies.

· Vibration casting with the addition of plasticizers to the mixture.

· Vibrocompression of dry substance.

· Hot pressing.

The first two methods allow the production of paving surfaces with low porosity. If plasticizers are added to the mixture during hot pressing, the tiles are of very high quality.

The price of paving slabs made from plastic bottles depends on the technology used by the manufacturer.

Manufacturing stages

1. Plastic bottles are crushed into crumbs.
2. The raw materials are mixed with sand, dyes and plasticizers.
3. The resulting composite is subjected to heat treatment at 250℃.
4. The softened substance is placed into molds and pressed.
5. After hardening, the finished tiles are packaged in bundles and sent to the point of sale.

Necessary equipment

The first thing you need to start producing paving slabs from plastic bottles is an extruder for grinding recyclable materials. You also need to purchase a melting unit and a forming press.

The molten polymer envelops the sand, the mass becomes homogeneous and viscous. The extruder extrudes it, and the operator cuts it to the required size and places it in the mold. Small production does not involve a large number of workers who will have to pay wages.

The biggest expense is purchasing equipment. However, this area of ​​activity is directly related to environmental protection (plastic bottles are garbage that pollutes everything around), so a novice businessman can easily get a profitable loan to purchase all the necessary equipment. The state supports such ideas.

The production of polymer tiles from plastic bottles on an industrial scale will require more powerful and expensive equipment.

Plastic bottles are used as containers for huge amount drinks, after consumption of which they remain in the form of garbage. Europe has long been engaged in industrial plastic processing, but in Russia this is not yet the case popular business. But the mechanism of making tiles from plastic bottles in mini-factories and even in...

It is quite easy to make homemade tiles from a plastic bottle for personal use. This does not require the purchase of expensive equipment. Raw materials are cheap and available in abundance.

Characteristics of plastic tiles

Plastic tiles are durable and reliable, in no way inferior to their concrete counterparts, and in some cases even superior to them.

It prevents the formation of ice and has anti-slip properties, which is very important in the Russian winter for comfortable walking.

This is ensured by the abrasiveness of the material due to the presence of sand in it. The flat and smooth surface of such tiles has good adhesion to the shoe sole material.

The advantages of plastic paving slabs are:

• increased strength and wear resistance;
• insensitivity to moisture;
• when liquid gets on the coating, it seeps into the cracks between the elements without eroding the path;
• the ability to maintain its properties at extremely low temperatures;
• relatively low weight;
• resistance to chemical influences;
• if it is necessary to replace individual tiles or parts of the tile covering, expensive and labor-intensive operations are not required;
• long service life;
• the permissibility of producing a relief surface and painting in different colors;
• easy to give in machining, if you need to saw or make holes;
• ease of installation work.

Due to the ease of laying tiles, it can be done without professional help.

If the temperature rises significantly, the tiles increase slightly in volume, so when laying, be sure to maintain a gap of 3–4 mm.

It is worth noting that paving slabs made from plastic bottles also have remarkable aesthetic properties. It is suitable for implementing bold and varied design solutions. The color of the material does not fade under the influence of sunlight, the tiles do not deform or wear off. Appearance The material is unique, finishing with such products will look elegant and original.

Components of the material

To make paving slabs not only from plastic bottles, but also from other polymers, you will also need sand and a dye. The raw materials are ordinary bottles, which do not even need to be cleaned of labels and food residues. All excess ingredients burn without a trace. There is no need for sorting either.

In addition, soft polymers impart plasticity to the finished tile. Without them, she will be more fragile. You just need to comply with the following requirement:

• soft plastic – 40%;
• solid polymers – 60%.

This is necessary in order to ensure optimal rigidity of the plastic tiles. The use of this technology almost completely eliminates polymer waste. The addition of polycarbonate or fluoroplastic, as well as rubber, is not allowed. After all, these ingredients are not capable of imparting improved properties to products, but the structure of the material is disrupted, losing its homogeneity.

The sand is cleaned of impurities (their content, including clay, is no more than 1/5). The drier the sand, the less time is spent on making one tile. Quality finished product will depend on the sand and plastic being mixed evenly. Mixture proportions:

• sand – 90%;
• polymers – 9%;
• dye – 1% (if added).

It is preferable to add inorganic dyes. Without them, the products will turn out to be a dirty gray color.

Business idea in the garage

Production technology

Equipment for the production of polymer tiles includes the following equipment:

• crusher for grinding plastic raw materials;
• extrusion apparatus for melting and mixing ingredients and squeezing out the finished mixture;
• molding press.

The entire technological process is relatively safe, but is carried out in rooms with good ventilation using respirators and protective gloves.

The manufacturing technology is quite simple and consists of the following steps:

• the polymer material is crushed into small pieces;
• When the ingredients enter the extrusion machine, the molten viscous plastic envelops the grains of sand, everything is mixed repeatedly, and a dough-like mass is obtained. At this stage, dye is added;
• the extruder extrudes the mixture, the temperature of which is 200 degrees, it is cut in the required quantity and placed in molds.
• Under the molding press, the product is given its final form and simultaneously cooled.

This applies to production on an industrial scale. Handicraft production of tiles in small quantities will require only a melting machine and a molding press. In this case, the polymers are first melted without preliminary crushing, then this mass is mixed with sand and dye.

This stage is very important, as good mixing is required. Now all that remains is to put the mixture into molds under a press and cool. If you don’t have a press, you should just wait for the tiles to cool in the molds. It usually takes 1-2 days to dry completely depending on conditions and temperature.

The output is products of the same shape as cement tiles. At the request of the manufacturer, they are given different dimensions, color shades and texture.

The production of tiles from plastic bottles cannot be done without molds for pouring the molten mass. The material from which the molds must be made is plastic, fiberglass or rubber.

Rubber molds are not widely used because they are relatively expensive, heavy and quickly become unusable. Fiberglass is well suited for the production of large-sized products.

The peculiarities of this material are such that a special lubricant must be applied to the mold each time it is used. Most common plastic molds made of heat-resistant material.

Sometimes layer-by-layer technologies are used to save dye. Then a colored layer is formed first, then a layer without dye, and then a colored layer on top again. The thickness of one layer is 2 cm.

There are always defects in the manufacturing process of a material, various trimmings. They should be re-crushed in the machine and used as raw material for new products. But when making paving slabs from plastic bottles, the environment does not suffer much trouble.

Production of modern and beautiful tiles from plastic bottles will serve environmental safety purposes. After all, difficult to decompose garbage is being removed. Possessing high performance characteristics, this product will always find its consumer. Modern production paving slabs made from plastic bottles will soon be replaced by a concrete counterpart.

Video: Machine for paving slabs

A good alternative to traditional concrete paving stones is polymer sand tiles. Thanks to its high performance characteristics, the product easily copes with the tasks assigned to it. Finished elements are distinguished by their low weight, high strength and wear resistance, and a large selection of colors and shapes. In this regard, many entrepreneurs decide to build their business on the production of this paving surface. The article will describe polymer sand tiles and their production. We will also describe how to make polymer tiles at home.

Characteristics and advantages of polymer tiles

Polymer-sand paving products have the following composition:

• the main volume (3/4) is occupied by quartz sand;
• a quarter of the composition is high-pressure plastic;
• pigments.

Thanks to this composition, polymer raw materials are resistant to external influences and at the same time plastic, which facilitates the molding of the future product. The advantages of this material include the following:

1. These sidewalk tiles will last up to thirty years.
2. A special production technology allows us to produce a product that is resistant to temperature changes and its extreme values ​​(withstands up to minus 70°C). The plastic content of the tile increases the moisture resistance of the product. Thanks to sand components, the paving surface is resistant to aggressive liquids and oils. The tile can withstand significant loads.
3. During the manufacturing process, the product is given desired color and shape, which guarantees a wide range of products. There is also a choice of surface options (matte, structured, glossy).
4. Recycling PVC waste (plastic bottles, boxes, bags) solves the problem of their disposal.
5. Light weight, strength and low abrasion.
6. Under sun rays the product does not emit toxic fumes.
7. Maintainability and easy installation.
8. The coating does not accumulate dirt and is easy to clean.
9. Possibility of making at home.
10. Wide scope of use (as covering sidewalks and platforms in private households and in public places).

Material used

The production of polymer tiles requires the following raw materials:

• used as a binder crushed polymers, they occupy a quarter of the volume (usually polystyrene, polypropylene and LDPE are used);
• sand acts as the main filler (it accounts for 75% of the total volume), choose well-sifted sand of medium coarseness (it must be washed and heated to high temperatures;
• inorganic pigments(iron oxide is used to obtain red, orange or brown tiles; chromium oxide is used to obtain a green coating; titanium dioxide produces white tiles).

In order to reduce the cost of purchasing raw materials, they practice making tiles from plastic bottles and other PVC products, for example, boxes or even film (but in the latter case, no more than half the volume of all polymers). Since the polymer is neutral chemical composition, nitric acid acts as a solvent. To obtain a homogeneous mixture, the plastic is melted at a temperature of 180°C and high blood pressure. The melting process is called extrusion.

Necessary equipment

Making paving slabs from plastic bottles is impossible without the use of special equipment:

• plastic crushing machine;
• scales;
• melting apparatus;
• Press forms;
• press;
• extruder;
• When listing equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles, it is worth mentioning devices for cooling products;
• Forklifts will be needed to move finished products.

To produce plastic tiles at home, a molding press, a melting machine and an extruder are sufficient. If production is established on an industrial scale, then it will not be possible to do without a molding unit, a thermal screw mixing machine and a polymer crusher.

Important! When making tiles for own needs To mix the components, use a drill with a mixing attachment.

Also, to produce tiles from plastic bottles, you will need molds for pouring the mixture. They are bought on the Internet. There are molds made of plastic, rubber and fiberglass. Rubber molds are the most durable (withstand up to 500 cycles), but also expensive. Fiberglass products are suitable for large tiles, but require additional lubrication. Most often, ABS plastic molds are used.

Advice! Don't forget to buy molds for making curb stone.

Technology for making tiles at home

The production of polymer-sand tiles is carried out in several ways:

1. Method of hot pressing of a polymer mixture.
2. Vibration casting using plasticizers.

Vibrocasting allows you to produce products with low porosity. The hot pressing method produces tiles with excellent technical and performance characteristics. In factory conditions, vibration casting and hot pressing technology are used simultaneously for the production of polymer sand coating.

Tiles for your own needs are produced directly on the street or in well-ventilated areas.

The manufacturing sequence is as follows:

1. Plastic bottles are placed in an extruder to grind the raw materials. Old plastic boxes are sometimes used instead of bottles.
2. The heated mixture is then poured into the melting apparatus. Moistened sand and dyes are also added there. As a result of mixing and simultaneous heating, a mixture of viscous consistency is obtained.
3. This composition is poured into molds and pressed using special equipment.
4. The finished products are cooled.

Covering technology

Laying polymer sand tiles with your own hands is quite simple. Laying is carried out on one of two types of base:

• crushed stone;
• sandy.

When laying on sandy base work is carried out in the following sequence:

1. In the place where the tiles are supposed to be laid, remove the soil to a height of 150-200 mm.
2. The soil is leveled and a surface slope is created for the drainage of sedimentary water. The surface is compacted.
3. On the sides of the path or platform there are ditches for laying curb stones. The bottom of the ditches is compacted.
4. Then sand is poured into the prepared ditches for the curb to a height of 50 mm. The sand is moistened with water and compacted.
5. Strictly along the line of the curb, pegs are driven into the ground and the cord is pulled.
6. The bottom of the grooves is filled cement mortar and install curbs.
7. Geotextile strips are laid on the compacted base of the paths with an overlap of up to 20 cm. The edges of the strips are connected with tape.
8. Next, sand is poured in several layers, followed by wetting with water. Also do not forget about compacting each layer.
9. Lay on the sand reinforcing mesh with a cell size of 5 by 5 cm. The mesh is backfilled with a dry mixture of sand and cement (keep a ratio of 3 to 1). The backfill is slightly moistened with water.
10. Now start laying the tiles. The elements are laid out on the sand at a distance of 3-5 millimeters from each other. A rubber hammer is used for leveling.
11. The seams between the paving elements are filled with sand.

If desired, you can compare it with the cost of laying paving slabs.