Design of communications in a private house. Engineering communications and electrical installation work - Gulfstream LLC How to install communications in a wooden house

From this article you will learn:

How to install water supply to a house made of timber
How to install electrical wiring in a log house
How to install water and sewerage into a house made of timber
What heating can be like in a house made of timber?

Any modern building consists of more than just a foundation, walls and roof. It should include a set of means and solutions that ensure the durability of the house, safety and comfort of living in it. Necessary element each house is its communications. In this article we will take a detailed look at communications in a house made of timber.

Water supply in a timber house

The plumbing in a log house must be properly designed, otherwise leaks cannot be avoided. And preventing leaks and accidents is much easier than eliminating their consequences. All connecting elements of water supply lines must be easily accessible. In winter, it is important to prevent water from freezing along the entire length of the water supply.

As a source clean water It is rational to use a well dug to an aquifer depth of 15-20 m. Construction of a well will cost slightly less than drilling a well of approximately the same depth, and it is easier to maintain a well than a well.

However, in terms of productivity (discharge), the well is slightly inferior to the well. During drought there is a risk of it becoming shallow and even drying out. Shallow wells are also susceptible to drying out, although this does not happen as quickly.

Before choosing between a well and a borehole, it is worth asking how things are with drying out of wells in hot weather in a given area and whether the available well productivity is sufficient for your needs. Depending on this, you can choose the type of communication.

If the water in the well is at 8 m or lower, a submersible pump will be required. Semi-automatic submersible pumps are sensitive to drying out, so to protect against “dry running” in the event of shallowing of the well, you need to use a float.

If the water pressure produced by a single-stage pump is insufficient, it is advisable to replace this pump for the existing water level with a multi-stage one. Of course, it will be more expensive than the previous option.

Wells drilled to the aquifer layer of the sand lens are comparable in water quality to wells. Deep artesian wells, which take water from underground lakes on limestone horizons, are distinguished by the fact that special permission is required to drill these communications. Artesian water in the Moscow region lies at depths of 40-220 m. During drought, artesian water never runs out, unlike water from a sand lens, so it serves as a strategic reserve.

A pump for a well is selected according to its performance and power, depending on the depth and flow rate of the well, the required pressure for water supply to a house made of timber, as well as the estimated water consumption. In a well drilled to a sand lens, the pump must be equipped with protection against sand and against “dry running”. Pumps used in artesian wells do not need to be equipped with sand filters.

Water supply lines in a timber house are laid at a depth below the average soil freezing level. It is advisable to plan the entry point under the bathroom or kitchen. To prevent freezing, the entry point should be insulated.

In addition to the actual external water supply and pump, the water supply communications of a timber house include: a hydropneumatic tank, a water heating system, and an internal water pipes and, if necessary, a water treatment system. Let's look at each of these elements in more detail.

Water heating can be done different ways. Typically, double-circuit boilers are used for this, gas heaters or electric heaters. Each of these systems can be manufactured in a flow-through or boiler design. Flow-type heaters do not require a storage tank (boiler), and their productivity is relatively low. They are good for small houses made of timber with communications and two connection points - a bathroom and a kitchen.

It is advisable to use boiler systems in timber buildings if there are several water intake points. The volume of the boiler should be known in advance; for particularly large boilers, you may have to allocate a separate room. Compared to boiler heaters, flow-through systems consume more power. This point should be taken into account when choosing a heating system.

Water communications inside a timber house are usually installed using metal-plastic pipes. Supplied in rolls, these pipes are quite easy to install.

For increased reliability and protection against freezing, it is recommended to use cross-linked polyethylene pipes. For example, such pipes are produced by manufacturers Rehau and Wirsbo. Their distinctive property is the ability to restore shape after deformation. Accordingly, these pipes are most protected from freezing and can be laid in concrete screed. To connect pipes, press fittings are used that have high degree reliability.

For the construction of open communications, you should use rigid polypropylene pipes that can expand when frozen and have an aesthetic appearance. appearance.

For pressure water supply, large-diameter pipes made of food-grade PVC are used.

Sewer communications in a timber house

The sewer system of a timber house must ensure the collection, storage and transportation of waste and Wastewater. In general, the sewerage system consists of three parts:

internal sewerage, including sewer riser, ventilation pipe to equalize pressure during the draining process and a drain pipe connecting the riser to the ventilation;
external sewerage, which is an external pipeline transporting wastewater to a reservoir;
a wastewater storage tank, which can be presented in the form of a cesspool, septic tank or biological treatment station.

Let's look at each type of tank in more detail.

cesspool

cesspool- This is an ordinary reservoir that serves to accumulate wastewater and is periodically emptied by sewage disposal equipment.

The tank must be located in accordance with the requirements SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 “Sanitary rules for the maintenance of territories of populated areas” (clause 2.3) and SNiP 30-02-97* “Planning and development of territories of gardening associations of citizens, buildings and structures” (section 8):

the cesspool should be located at a distance of more than 5 m and no more than 10 m from a residential building;
the cesspool should be further than 1 m from the border of the territory;
the cesspool must have a depth of no more than 3 m and not lower than the level groundwater;
the pit should be located more than 50 m from water wells and other sources of water.

Cesspools can have a sealed bottom or a filter bottom, depending on the volume of wastewater. In the case of a small daily volume (less than 0.5 cubic meters) or temporary residence in a house made of timber, a pit with a filter bottom is usually used. This type of communications can only be installed on soils with good filtration and with a groundwater level deeper than 2.5 m from the surface. Only under these conditions will pumping out wastewater not be required.

In a household with permanent residence, it is more rational to equip a pit with a sealed bottom. In this case, pumping out wastewater will be necessary, given the large filling of the cesspool during year-round use. For calculation, an average of 0.5 cubic meters is taken. m per person.

When installing sewer lines, the depth of soil freezing must also be taken into account. If it is not possible to lay the pipe at the required depth, the pipe is insulated. A cesspool constructed in accordance with all requirements and standards should not pollute groundwater.

Septic tank

Septic tank is a container with one or more chambers for collecting sewage and its subsequent purification. As a rule, there is a settling chamber and a drainage chamber. The specific type of septic tank is chosen depending on the number of residents and the total volume of wastewater.

To install an external sewerage system, a trench is first dug for the outlet pipeline. The designed trench depth depends on the depth of soil freezing in a given area. If laying communications at the designed level is impossible, the pipe must be insulated mineral wool, penofol or expanded polystyrene. In order for wastewater to flow by gravity, when constructing communications it is necessary to ensure a slope of about 2-3% (or 2-3 cm for each meter of pipe). To make the system more rigid, the bottom of the trench should be concreted. The pipeline laid in the trench is then connected at one end to the septic tank.

The work of a septic tank is based on the separation of sewage into fractions and their purification. At the same time, thanks to the use of several filters, it is possible to purify the water by 65-70%.

The first chamber (septic) separates wastewater into two fractions. The first fraction consists of heavy waste. They settle at the bottom of the septic tank, are processed by bacteria and then decompose. During the processing process, this waste turns into thick sludge, water and methane.

Accordingly, the second fraction enters the second communications chamber - water with light contaminants that did not settle at the previous stage. Here this fraction is purified using filters and then enters the third chamber (secondary settling tank), where it settles again. From there, the settled water flows into another settling tank, from which it is then pumped out into the surrounding soil. If necessary, water can undergo an additional stage of purification with an infiltrator, being distilled through it by a pump from the last settling tank. The infiltrator is a filter mixture of fine-grained sand and medium-grained crushed stone.

It should be noted that the sludge that accumulates in the first chamber must be removed every 3 months. In addition, it is necessary to carry out a technical inspection of the septic tank annually, and after at least 10-12 years of operation, replace the aerator and compressor.

Let's look at the main types of septic tanks. The choice of a specific model will depend on the soil in the area, the cleaning method and the material used to make the septic tank.

Based on the material used, septic communications are divided into:

Reinforced concrete. Consist of reinforced concrete rings or are a solid reinforced concrete structure. The cleaning method is similar to that discussed. The wastewater first settles in the first compartment, then enters the second chamber with a drainage bottom. When constructing this septic tank, it is important to ensure waterproofing of its walls.
Plastic. They are characterized by relatively low weight, tightness and lack of reaction when interacting with the external environment. Made from polyethylene, polypropylene and fiberglass.
Brick. The main material in the manufacture of communications is clay clinker brick, which is most resistant to aggressive influences external environment and has the lowest moisture absorption. Advantages of the material: the ability to give the septic tank any shape, low price. Disadvantages: the need for additional waterproofing of the walls, large expenditures of effort and time when constructing a septic tank.
Metal. The main advantage of using metal is the ease of installation of the septic tank. A serious drawback is the metal’s susceptibility to the negative influence of the external environment. As a result, preliminary anti-corrosion treatment of surfaces and mandatory replacement of the container every 4-5 years of operation are required. Metal septic tank it is also necessary to insulate and waterproof.

Biological treatment station (bioseptic tank)

This most recommended type of sewer lines is a system of deep biological wastewater treatment, the degree of purification of which reaches 90-95%. Purified water fully complies with MPC standards, so it can be safely discharged into the environment.

The choice of bioseptic is dictated by its inherent advantages and disadvantages:

When purchased, a bioseptic tank will cost more than a standard septic tank. However, the cost of maintaining a bioseptic tank will be significantly lower, since in the case of a septic tank, at least regular calls to a sewage disposal truck, replacement of septic tank elements, etc. will be required.
The operation of this type of communication requires compliance with certain rules use. For example, water should be drained through a special mesh in the sink or bathtub to pre-filter contaminants that could clog the filter and airlift in the system.
For dishwasher and washing machine better organize separate drain. Chemical cleaning substances containing chlorine and discharged into the sewer from these devices in large volumes can destroy the bacterial environment in the septic tank. As a result, bioactivators (aerobic and anaerobic bacteria) may have to be replaced.
Bioseptic tanks are autonomous, have high performance and do not require frequent maintenance.

Fundamentally, the operation of a biological treatment station is similar to the operation of a conventional septic tank. Features include the use of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, the use of biofilters and the presence additional compartments- aeration tank and metatank.

After the outer part of the sewer lines has been arranged, their inner part is installed. The pipes are laid out and the pipe turns are equipped with revisions in case of cleaning the system. When laying pipelines through walls made of timber, compensation gaps should be made in the holes, and when laying along walls, avoid rigid fastening to them and use special fasteners. All this is necessary in connection with possible deformations of timber walls.

Communications for heating in a house made of timber

Despite the excellent energy efficiency of wood, a house made of timber needs heating if it is planned for year-round use. In ancient times, the only source of heat in wooden houses was a Russian stove. The option is not the best, especially in multi-room houses. Today, the choice of ways to heat a house made of timber is much wider, so we will consider them.

Selecting a heating system

The heating system in a house made of timber is turned on only after the shrinkage of the log house has been completed and the wood has completely dried. It is impossible to heat a house made of timber immediately after construction - due to the temperature difference outside and inside the building, the timber will crack. But the selection and design of a heating system must be carried out already at the stage of building a house.

Heating communications in a house made of timber are selected and designed taking into account certain factors. First of all, you need to decide on the power of the boiler, which depends on climatic conditions in a given area, the area of the house and the volume of heated air, the area of door and window openings, the presence of insulation and other means of increasing the energy efficiency of a house made of timber.

For houses made of timber, several heating system options are offered.

The simplest heating method, used mainly in low-rise buildings, is water heating. The premises in this case are heated hot water circulating through pipes and radiators. You can allocate a basement or a separate room to place the boiler. Today the market offers a large selection of heating boilers with a wide range of powers and sizes, which makes it easier to find the right option.

Separately, it is worth highlighting such a type of water heating as “warm floor”. This is a system of pipes laid inside the cement base below the finishing surface. Communications laid in this way uniformly heat the room, while allowing you to regulate a comfortable temperature.

A good heating method is an air heating system. However, these communications are difficult to install and almost impossible to dismantle later. Heating of the premises is carried out by air ducts, from where the heated air enters the heat exchanger.

Electric heating of a house made of timber can also be a good option. Despite the fact that this option is not economical, its use eliminates the need for gas boilers. Moreover, communications electric heating the safest and most reliable in operation. Based on electric heating, you can also organize a “warm floor” system, in which heating element serves as a power cable laid in a concrete screed.

Together with the main heating system in a house made of timber, you can use additional heating using infrared film “warm floors”. This option is characterized by mobility, due to the fact that graphite films can be placed under floor covering or even on it (for example, under the carpet). The entire system can be easily moved to any part of the room. The peculiarity of the system is that it heats not the air, but the objects in contact with it. Therefore, heating energy is spent much more efficiently.

Selection of heating equipment

If there are several options heating systems The choice of domestic consumers is most often made in favor of water heating. The necessary communications for this are very inexpensive; it is only important to correctly position the heating radiators and decide on the heat source. Each type of heating boiler has both pros and cons, so the issue of choosing a boiler should be approached thoroughly.

Gas boilers are ideal for gasified timber houses with communications. In Russia today, gas is supplied to almost every large dacha-type settlement; it is possible to arrange a home connection and lay the appropriate communications without any problems. Gas is the cheapest fuel, and in the case of a centralized system, there is no need for gas cylinders. It is worth remembering that the gas carried into the house from wooden beam, if safety precautions are not followed, it can lead to dire consequences. Therefore, all equipment and communications should be kept in order to prevent leaks.
Solid fuel boilers (coal, firewood) are used less often today than before. But if the house made of timber is not gasified, this option may be the best solution. To store fuel you will need additional room. Periodically you need to ensure that the fuel load is sufficient.
The easiest to use are electric boilers. They take up little space, are easy to use, but require significant energy consumption.

In addition to boilers, it is also necessary to correctly select the remaining communications in a house made of timber, including pipes, heating radiators, and various connecting elements. Let's consider radiators, the choice of types of which is quite large. Most common sectional radiators, made of cast iron, aluminum, steel and bimetal.

The most traditional material Cast iron is considered to have heavy weight and high thermal inertia. Cast iron batteries are reliable and durable; they can work for decades. Modern cast iron radiators are being developed in accordance with the requirements and expectations of customers.

Unlike cast iron, aluminum batteries much lighter, but less reliable, since they are sensitive to pressure changes in the system.

The advantages of steel and aluminum appliances are skillfully combined in bimetallic radiators. The aluminum body makes these batteries light weight and easy to use, and the steel pipes through which the coolant moves prevent corrosion of the radiator and increase its durability.

Due to the wide variety of options, installation of a heating system becomes very complicated, therefore, in the process of designing communications, it is advisable to consult with specialists about the advantages and disadvantages of each type of equipment. The help of specialists may also be needed during the installation of the heating system.

Electrics in a timber house

In modern houses made of timber, electricity is required. It is advisable to entrust the laying of all communications and their connection to specialists, since working with electrical appliances requires appropriate theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Electrical wiring in a timber house, installed by a non-professional, can further provoke a life-threatening situation. The installation of an electrical network into a house made of timber must also be carried out in accordance with the rules against fire safety.

Wiring rules

Work on the installation of electrical communications is carried out after drawing up a project, which must take into account:

input method electric cable to the house;
method of connecting the cable to the distribution panel;
choosing the appropriate option for laying wiring in a timber house.

Electrical wiring can be internal or external. Each type has its own characteristics.

Internal communications laid in a timber house must be placed in metal tubes to protect the house from fire. The cable should be laid in the same tube at the entrance to the house from the street. According to fire safety rules, hidden electrical wiring cannot be placed in plastic corrugated tubes.

Installation of external wiring is carried out using plastic cable ducts. Since electrical wiring is always visible, it is much easier to notice damage.

To properly install electrical communications in a house made of timber, you must follow some important rules:

The maximum load on the power grid is calculated in advance. First of all, you need to decide on powerful electrical appliances and where to install them in a log house. Their quantity will depend required amount RCD. It is advisable to have one protective device for each powerful device.
The placement of switches and sockets is thought out in such a way as to eliminate increased load on any part of the circuit. Otherwise, the risk of the network overheating and the machine tripping will increase.
Only cables with a copper core can be laid inside a timber house. It is desirable that the cable winding be made of non-flammable and non-toxic materials. Fortunately, today there are various options for cable products that are suitable for any conditions and reduce the risk of fire.

It is better to coordinate the design of electrical communications in timber houses with professionals. The design power should include a reserve in case of an increase in the number of powerful consumers and to avoid increased load on the power grid.

Main stages of electrical installation

Installation of the electrical network is carried out in several stages, during which even the slightest inaccuracies are unacceptable. Homeowners will have to solve a number of problems, which we will consider below.

Work begins with laying a power cable from the street to the house. External cable can be laid over the air or underground. The underground method of laying communications is much more labor-intensive, but it allows for maximum cable protection. In this case, the laying takes place in a pre-dug trench with sand base. An armored cable should be laid underground; if laid over the air, a SIP (self-supporting wire) is used. The longer the cable, the more powerful the system and the higher its capabilities.

The cable laid in the trench is covered with a layer of sand and a layer of soil, then a warning tape is laid on top. In the process of possible earthworks in this area, it will warn about the inadmissibility of further digging.

The next step is to install a distribution panel, which serves to distribute electricity throughout the house made of timber. The street cable brought into the house is connected directly to the panel. In the shield, in turn, they are mounted protective devices, emergency shutdown of electricity in case of serious problems in the network. This is the best way to protect wiring from possible fire.

Then, from the panel, communications throughout the house are routed, including the placement of sockets and switches according to the plan. Sockets and switches should be located at a height convenient for residents in sufficient quantities, especially in the kitchen, living room, bathroom, and other rooms.

Without the help of specialists, installing electrical wiring can take a long time. Particular difficulties can be caused by gating walls for the installation of hidden wiring. To avoid this time-consuming operation, many homeowners opt for open version, to some extent sacrificing the aesthetic appearance of the walls.

A pre-designed wiring diagram will help speed up and simplify the entire process of laying communications. At the same time, locations for placing large household appliances, among which the most energy is consumed heating devices. Also, do not forget about the choice of lamps, their location and installation.

In any case, independent installation of electrical communications is not advisable. The hired master will perform the work efficiently, in compliance with all requirements, and will also give valuable advice on the placement of sockets, switches and household appliances. In addition, its work is usually covered by a guarantee, ensuring reliability of installation and protection of a house made of timber from fire.

Thank you for reading this article to the end.

The Stroy Cottage Group of Companies has been offering services for the construction of stone and wooden houses for 10 years.

Our customers include the construction of individual private houses and cottage villages that maintain a single architectural style from economy to premium class.

Reducing construction time, reducing costs and improving quality construction work– the basic principles of our company.

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Not a single modern building can do without engineering communications.

Water, electricity, sewerage - all this is a mandatory attribute of a residential building. At the same time, communications are laid in different ways, depending on the pros and cons of the house design and the materials used in its construction.

Equipping with engineering systems usually depends on the purpose of use of the building. If ordinary country houses are being built, telecommunication lines are sufficient for them, but if the building will be used for permanent residence, the approach should be completely different.

Electrical wiring requirements

According to construction technology and standard equipment requirements wooden buildings, the wiring must be open, and fireproof housings and gaskets must be installed at all main nodes of the electrical network. Naturally, in modern conditions, open wiring in a wooden house will not look good - according to the standards, it is also allowed to be hidden, but only when laid in special metal sleeves, with reliable insulation of the wires (usually in such cases, double insulation).

The standards are also valid for the construction of additional buildings, especially if they contain excess moisture. For example, a modern bathhouse made of timber means, at a minimum, electric lighting. To prevent short circuits and fires, protection against moisture must be 100 percent. You should not skimp on protecting electrical wiring, because safety depends on it.

Water communications

For sewerage, heating and water supply, the requirements differ to a lesser extent from those for houses made of other materials. all projects country houses made of wood contain instructions that increased attention attention should be paid to the reliability and tightness of plumbing systems - water leaks here are more dangerous than in the case of houses made of brick or other traditional materials.

To form a heating system, it is recommended to choose pipes made of metal-plastic - they provide complete tightness, are easy to bend, and are not difficult to install. If you select an area without central heating- that is, the system is autonomous - a gas boiler can be used to heat water (subject to all safety requirements for its operation and the quality of the gas pipeline system).

Similar requirements apply to hot water supply. A private housing project or a bathhouse project with an attic usually stipulates that pipes should be made of copper or polypropylene. Heat loss and excessive condensation are prevented with the help of an additional thermal insulation coating.

The comfort of living and durability of a building are largely determined by how correctly and competently the communications in a wooden house are designed and then installed. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that the existing engineering systems must provide the most favorable conditions not only for the inhabitants of the housing, but also for the wooden structures building. Only in this case is it possible to use it for a long time while simultaneously achieving modern standards in terms of convenience and comfort.

Types of engineering communications wooden house

Domestic housing construction in most cases provides for the following utilities in a wooden house:

heating system;
water supply and sewerage;
electricity and gas supply;
ventilation;
video surveillance and security and fire alarm.

Each of these systems performs specific functions. At the same time, of course, all of the listed communications in the log house are not always used. For example, access to gas supply is still not possible in every cottage community and, especially, in a separate building. Also, not all owners decide to install video surveillance and fire and security alarms. Some of them simply save money, but in other cases, for example, when using security at the entrance to a cottage village, similar systems Not needed.

Heating system

The heating system is rightfully considered one of the most important engineering networks. Currently, there are many different options for heating wooden buildings. When choosing them, first of all, several factors are taken into account:

availability of one or another type of fuel and, above all, gas, which is quite rightly considered the most effective and cost-effective method of heating;
personal preferences of the inhabitants of the house;
features of the selected construction project;
financial capabilities of the owners.

The methods and technologies of work that will be used to lay communications in a wooden house made of logs must be determined at the stage of developing a new project or linking a standard one. This is explained by the importance of the issue, both to ensure comfort for residents and optimal conditions for the operation of the building.

We should not forget that the cost of construction largely depends on the choice of the owner, since the cost of installing utilities in a wooden house often accounts for about a third of the total cost of constructing the building. It is obvious that a significant part of the funds is spent on the heating system.

Typically it consists of three parts: a boiler, heating devices and pipelines connecting them. Today, various electrical systems heating They essentially consist only of heating elements and are used as additional heating.

Water supply and sewerage

In most cases today, in a private home they use autonomous systems water supply and sewerage. Centralized networks are becoming less common and are used mainly only in large cottage villages. The reasons for this are obvious - autonomous water supply and sewerage are more convenient and cheaper to operate, and modern methods of their construction ensure low cost of laying these networks. At the same time, the owner independently determines the mode of use and does not depend on the integrity of the work of various utility services.

Today, the source of private water supply is usually a well or a well. The modern construction market provides a huge selection of different pumps that can efficiently and with high efficiency provide a building, and in some cases two or three, with water. Various septic tanks are most often used as sewerage. Their operation, if properly designed, is also economically justified and effective.

Electricity supply

Special attention deserve electrical communications in a wooden house. This is due to several reasons:

power supply is almost always involved in the operation of other engineering networks, for example, heating, water supply, ventilation and video surveillance;
Comfortable living today involves the use of a large variety of electrical appliances, from a TV and refrigerator to a hairdryer and razor;
the operation of electrical wiring is associated with the need to comply with fire safety requirements, which is always important for wooden buildings.

Electrical wiring work always begins with the development of a circuit diagram. To do this, it is best to use the services of a qualified electrician or designer. Serious companies providing construction contracting services almost always offer a project, an integral part of which is a section dedicated to power supply. In this case, it is enough to make some adjustments to it, based on the requests of the future owner of the building.

Gas supply

This is carried out if it is possible to connect to the main gas pipeline. Almost always, such work pays off fairly quickly by reducing operating costs for heating and cooking. Therefore, experts recommend using this opportunity when available.

Ventilation

Ventilation of individual rooms of a wooden house is of particular importance. First of all, we're talking about about the bathroom, toilet, kitchen and boiler room, if available. Of course, a well-drafted project should include a special section related to the implementation of ventilation installation work. In no case should they be neglected, since the durability of the wooden structures of the building depends on this.

Video surveillance and fire alarm

Security systems carried out at the request of the owner. There is no mandatory need for such work, especially since they may not be taken into account by the project initially. It is entirely possible to develop and implement video surveillance systems and fire and security alarm systems already in a completed and operating building.

Maximum comfort in any home is created by communications. But the laying of these communications in a wooden house is carried out somewhat differently; this must be taken into account when developing an engineering project for laying electrical registers, sewerage, heating and water supply systems. This project must be created during the creation of the general stage, architectural project, the whole house. The fact is that after construction, for example, it will no longer be possible to redo the electrical wiring. Therefore, the design and installation of communications in a wooden house should be approached with maximum responsibility.

Let's look at all the components of laying various communications in a wooden house.

Electrical wiring in a wooden house

In order to conduct electricity in a wooden house, you can use two types of wiring: open and closed. For aesthetics and safety, exposed wiring is hidden in corrugated pipes or special plastic boxes are used for this. Switches and sockets with such wiring are installed overhead.

If a decision is made to lay hidden wiring, then channels are drilled in a log or timber for it, then they will be used for laying steel pipes, they will contain the cable. Please note that plastic or corrugated material in this case is not acceptable for wooden houses due to fire safety. The fact is that over time the house shrinks, and the plastic may not protect the wire from breaking.

It seemed easier and safer to choose open wiring. But both methods have disadvantages. Open wiring does not look aesthetically pleasing, but it is safer and easier to install. The hidden one looks great, but its installation will be very expensive, and for some wooden houses it is completely contraindicated. If necessary, open wiring can be easily repaired, but repairing hidden wiring is a complex process.

The electrical input for a wooden house must be made with a wire with a cross-section of at least 16 sq.m. Please note that use aluminum wire It’s not possible, you’ll have to use exclusively copper. Recently, SIP, or as it is also called, self-supporting wire, has become increasingly popular. But even in this case, the input must be made through a metal tube.

Whatever wiring option is chosen, for its implementation it is necessary: to use an insulated cable that is resistant to fire. Such cables are marked VVGng or NYM. It is difficult to buy such a cable, but it is necessary, otherwise you will have to build a real cable route.

All cable transitions to wooden walls must be carried out through pipes. This is a necessity that must be observed. The house will shrink over time, and this can lead to the cable being crushed.

If lining or panels were used as cladding for a wooden house, then all wiring should be hidden in metal pipes. The pipes must be grounded, but before doing this, they are connected to each other so that voltage does not arise between several grounds. If at any time decorative element If a wire is included, it must be additionally insulated. And if a metal frame was used, then it must be grounded.

Heating system for a wooden house

To assemble a heating system in a wooden house, it is better to use PEX pipes or metal-plastic pipes. These materials are easy to bend, which makes their installation simple and convenient. They also withstand high pressure and temperature very well.

The most popular heating option for a country wooden house is autonomous liquid heating. This heating system consists of a heat generator (boiler), piping and radiators. There are different boilers; their choice depends on the infrastructure development of the area where the house is located. They can be fuel (work on liquid, gas, solid and combined fuel) and electric. If it is possible to connect gas, then it is better to give preference to a gas boiler, it is more economical.

As for pipes, as mentioned above, it is better to give preference metal-plastic pipes. Their installation does not require welding; they are connected using a fitting and are practically immune to limescale deposits.

Another important aspect of the heating system is the method of water circulation in the system. Thanks to this circulation, warm water evenly heats all batteries. It is better to purchase a boiler with an already installed circulation pump. But if it is not there, then you can install it separately.

If you have a small wooden house, then we recommend using electric convectors to heat it. They are attached to the wall, permanently. They can be used in a wooden house, provided correct installation wiring. The main disadvantage of such heating is high consumption electricity and quick cooling of the room after turning off the heating devices.

Water supply for a wooden house

Installation of hot and cold water supply in a wooden house is carried out using polypropylene pipes or copper pipes. So that on pipes with cold water condensation did not form, and heat did not escape from the hot water pipes; they were covered with heat-insulating material 9 mm thick.

Hot water in a wooden house can be obtained in different ways, the choice of which depends on the daily needs for hot water and the mode of its consumption, the state of electrical wiring.

Most often, experts advise using double-circuit boilers, which will simultaneously provide heating and hot water supply. But their use is rational provided that water consumption is low.

If you have a large family, then you need to think about an autonomous water heater. These devices can be flow-through or storage and run on either gas or electricity. A gas-powered instantaneous water heater is a well-known water heater. It consists of a metal body, inside there is a burner that heats cold water passing through a heat exchanger. This type water heater is suitable for a home with an uninterrupted supply of cold water.

If cold water It doesn’t happen all the time, but as often happens, in the morning and evening, it would be wiser to install a storage water heating system. Its main disadvantage is its bulkiness. Such a system consists of a storage tank of different capacities (from 100 to 500 l), a heating tank and a pump. Unlike a water heater, such a system heats the water in advance and using less power.

A few words about choosing the capacity of the heating tank. You must understand that a tank with a capacity of 5-15 liters can only “cope” with a sink and washbasin, a device with a capacity of 30 to 50 can provide a shower with warm water, and 80 or more liters will allow you to take a bath. If you have no problems with space, we recommend installing storage tank with maximum capacity.

Sewage system of a wooden house

Installation of a wooden house sewer system is carried out using polypropylene pipes arranged in an open or closed manner. If the sewer is open, then the sewer pipes are laid directly on the surface of the walls or floor.

In the case of a closed sewer system, the pipes run under the baseboard or in special boxes; this option is better, but it is more difficult to implement.

Of course, it is ideal if there is a possibility of connecting to a central sewer system. But if this is not possible, we recommend using the simplest option today - a drainage pit. Be sure to use septic tanks; these are special devices that, although crude, purify wastewater before it enters the pit. Septic tanks are buried in the ground and need to be cleaned two or three times a year.

If you want more thorough water purification so that you can then use it for irrigation, you can install a septic tank with biofilters. Autonomous sewerage requires frequent monitoring, this will avoid problems in its operation.

In our article we told you about laying main communications in wooden houses. As you can see, there are a number of features that are not typical for other houses. Be sure to take them into account. Remember that after building a house and laying communications, nothing can be changed. Tell the designer about your wishes so that he can create the communication scheme that best suits you.

Autonomous sewerage was considered a luxury, and hot water supply was perceived as something amazing.

Nowadays, autonomous and semi-autonomous engineering systems naturally and in a familiar way increase the comfort of living in a wooden house.

The Vitoslavitsa group of companies has extensive experience in the construction of internal engineering systems in wooden houses.

In order for your home to provide the required level of comfort, modern engineering communications are necessary. In this article we will look at how problems related to the engineering support of a wooden house are solved, and the details will be discussed in special sections devoted to heating, sewerage and ventilation systems, as well as water supply.

Heating system design

Houses made of profiled timber or log houses are good because they can perfectly maintain a comfortable temperature inside. But our harsh winters force us to use additional sources of thermal energy.

What heating options exist in a wooden house?

The following can be used as heating systems: stove heating, convectors, electric boilers, gas boilers, as well as liquid fuel boilers.

Features of a gas heating system for a wooden house

Gas heating can only be carried out if the gasification of the house is carried out in accordance with all necessary requirements and construction standards.

For installation gas equipment in a wooden house you need:

Install a heating pipeline;
Install a gas boiler. It is necessary for heating and supplying heat through pipes;
Gas pipeline. It is necessary to supply gas to the boiler;
Installation of shut-off and control valves;
Automation. It is necessary to ensure safe and trouble-free operation of the entire heating system.

An excellent alternative to the classic water heating system is to install a convector. In this case, with minimal gas consumption, a higher level of efficiency is ensured. Also, in this case, it is possible to adjust the temperature on a separate floor or in a separate room.

Electric heating system in a wooden house

The principle of electric boilers is based on converting incoming electricity into heat.

This is possible thanks to boilers with tubular electric heaters. The so-called (TEN). In the process of heating the heating elements, the coolant itself heats up. Which, thanks to circulation, supplies heat to the entire house.

It is very important to consider the power of heating devices and equipment.

Electric heating systems for wooden houses are one of the alternative replacement options gas systems(in case of its absence).

To put it bluntly, in a modern wooden house you can create almost any heating system. The main thing is to carefully monitor the implementation of all technical requirements and strictly adhere to safety rules.

That is why the design and installation of heating systems must be entrusted to the professionals of the Vitoslavitsa Group of Companies, as very experienced specialists. We will build a wooden house that will be a source of your pride, having provided for all possible nuances in advance!

Ventilation systems for a wooden house

Wood has an advantage over other building materials. This advantage lies in its ability to “breathe”.

But this is not enough for complete air exchange in the house; an additional ventilation system is needed. Hallways and bedchambers, in principle, may well be content with the air exchange provided by natural infiltration. However, in premises with a narrowly targeted purpose, which include a toilet, kitchen, bathroom, this is not enough.

The ventilation system of a wooden house affects not only aspects comfortable stay in it, but also keeps the structure of the building intact and unharmed for a very for a long time. Fresh air in the house, absence of dampness, comfortable microclimate and long service life of the house - this is what you will get by equipping a wooden structure with a ventilation system.

There are 2 ways to ensure sufficient air exchange in a wooden house:

Natural ventilation;
Forced ventilation.

The natural ventilation scheme involves the installation of a system of vertical channels starting in the ventilated room and exiting under the ridge of the roof. As a rule, such ventilation ducts start and exit from kitchens, dressing rooms, bathrooms and boiler rooms. Special supply valves, with the help of which air flow from the street into the house is organized.

Scheme natural ventilation wooden houses are quite in demand nowadays. The reason for this is two factors - the simplicity of the design and the relatively low costs of its organization. The natural method of ventilating rooms is possible due to the difference in temperatures inside the house and outside, which is what ensures air exchange.

The disadvantages of a natural ventilation system include: the appearance of dust, insects in the house, and a significant deterioration in the sound insulation of the house. During the winter period there is a very large heat loss.

Forced supply and exhaust ventilation system

To ensure that at any time of the year, both winter and summer, air enters the house in the quantities required by the regulations, a forced supply and exhaust ventilation system is required.

In this case, exhaust air is removed forcibly; purified air is supplied from the street to replace it in the same volumes. Fresh air. Forced system equipment can heat or cool air masses entering from outside.

The main link in this system is the ventilation unit, which includes fans, a heat exchanger, filters and other components.

Through the use of a forced ventilation system, significant heat savings are achieved - approximately 25% of the thermal energy used to heat a wooden house.

Installing forced ventilation will cost much more than installing natural ventilation. But, at the same time, the forced ventilation system does not depend on atmospheric conditions and is not accompanied by heat loss in winter.

Water supply in a wooden house

If your house is located near a centralized water supply system, connecting communications to it will not be a problem. The main thing here is to get the necessary technical specifications for connection, draw up a project for tapping into the pipe, coordinate it and organize pipe routing. But, as a rule, such an opportunity is not available everywhere, and the owners country houses resort to creating water supply systems for a country wooden house.

Designing a water supply system for a wooden house must take into account factors such as the location of the main water source, the nuances of laying out water pipes taking into account wall shrinkage, etc.

Water supply to a house from a well

A well is the oldest device for extracting water. Construction of a well is inexpensive, and digging it and immersing reinforced concrete rings in a pit does not take much time.

But there are also disadvantages. If its depth or thickness of the aquifer is insufficient, the well may periodically dry up during the dry period; it also needs to be cleaned quite often (once every 3-4 years), and this procedure is labor-intensive and time-consuming.

It will be quite difficult for a modern city dweller, accustomed to a centralized water supply, to adapt to extracting water in buckets from a well. You can lower an electric pump into the well, but in winter this method of extraction will be impossible. In addition, well water does not always meet sanitary requirements. Of course, you can drink it raw, but it’s better to boil it.

Water supply to the house from a well

A well is the best option for autonomous water supply in a country house.

Drilling wells in suburban and summer cottages can be carried out regardless of the depth of groundwater.

At shallow depths, it is enough to use a hand drill yourself, but it is better not to experiment and entrust this task to our professionals.

Then it is lowered into the drilled hole casing with a filter system into which a pre-selected submersible pump is immersed, and a water delivery system to the home is installed.

Wells are divided into three main types:

A simple filter well (with the depth of a regular well not exceeding 10-15 meters);
Well for the first aquifer;
Artesian well for the second aquifer.

Moreover, the depths of drilling wells for the first and second aquifers, depending on the drilling area, vary quite significantly. If, for example, in one place a 50-meter well is enough to reach artesian waters, then at a distance literally 100-200 km from it you will have to drill the same well to a depth of 100-150 meters or more.

After drilling into the well to its full depth, we lower the pipes. A casing string is formed from pipes in the well, and its diameter is calculated from the planned water consumption. On average it is 125 - 160 mm, for household needs this is quite enough.

On the ground floor of the house or in the basement, Vitoslavitsa recommends installing a membrane tank with a capacity of 100-500 liters, into which water from the well will be pumped after passing through a coarse filter. IN membrane tank water is stored under pressure, creating conditions that promote extended service life submersible pump, since the need for its automatic activation arises only in situations where large volumes of water are consumed, or when the pressure in the system drops below the set value. In this case, the pump pumps water into the tank until the pressure reaches its maximum level.

Sewerage

One of the tasks that you face as the owner of a country wooden house is the correct installation of a sewerage system or a system for removing various waste products. Here it is necessary to strictly adhere to the strictest technical and sanitary standards, provide maximum comfort residents of the house and the environmental safety of the environment.

The most important nuance on which the entire progress of sewerage installation in a wooden house depends is the presence or absence of a central sewerage line.

After all, if there is a sewer line next to the house, the system design will be simple and inexpensive. Well, if it doesn’t exist, it is necessary to develop an autonomous sewerage project.

Modern autonomous sewer systems can be located in any soil, even in places with high groundwater levels, as well as in places with large differences in ground level.

When developing a project for an effective autonomous sewage system in a wooden house, we recommend taking as a basis the principle of collecting wastewater inside the house and delivering it to an external treatment system. That is, there are exits outside sewer pipes should be located at a distance of 4 meters from the house. And inside the house, the sewer pipe system must be installed in such a way that each node and joint has a water seal. The installation of the drainage system must be carried out above the groundwater level, at a minimum depth of 1.5 m. If the house is located in an area with high groundwater levels, wastewater treatment is carried out not using filtration, but through ultraviolet and ultrasound.

Separately, we would like to add that any of sewer systems, which can be used in a wooden house, requires constant care.

The Vitoslavica Group of Companies offers you A complex approach to solving the problems of equipping a country wooden house with engineering systems, including installation of heating systems, water supply, heated floors, boiler rooms, electrical systems, air conditioning and ventilation, external and internal network engineering. This means that now you don’t have to contact different companies for installation. various systems, and then look for a specialist who can set up the modes of their coordinated operation. You can get all this from us!

We carry out our activities in full compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and have all the necessary certificates, approvals and licenses.

Unique and high-quality solutions in the spirit of Russian traditions are our specialty!