For those in distress who are deprived of emergency signals and signals for help, another way to send distress signals has been invented - the international code table of distress signals.
The code table includes generally accepted signals, which are laid out in open places that are clearly visible from the air - on hillsides, clearings. Different sources indicate different recommended signal sizes, depending on the tastes and departmental preferences of the authors.
Therefore it is better to stop at international standard: 10 meters long, 3 meters wide and 3 meters between signs. But in any case, no less than 2.5 meters. Otherwise, the sign will be difficult to make out from a great height. There are no upward restrictions - the more significant the signal, the higher the likelihood that it will be noticed. For example, with my own eyes on one of my trips I was able to observe a sign with side dimensions much larger than one hundred meters. True, it was not a sign of disaster, but rather a symbol of human stupidity. Someone was not too lazy and tore off the slope of a hill towering above the surrounding area in order to immortalize one very short but capacious Russian word, which I cannot quote here for censorship reasons.
Local pilots, not without pride, claimed that this titanic structure of lovers of Russian literature is used to guide planes to their home airport and can be easily read even from space. So the content is content, and the example that the more the better is very clear. What can a signal be made from? From almost everything. From sleeping bags laid out on the ground, a cut-up tent, spare clothes, life jackets, pieces of fabric secured with pegs driven into the ground or stones placed on top. From the wreckage of a vehicle, stones, spruce branches and tree branches. On the seashore - from pebbles or seaweed thrown out by the surf.
You can not post the signal, but, for example, dig it out, for which you remove the turf with a shovel or knife and deepen the resulting trench. In this case, the turf itself must be carefully laid along the trench on the grass with the inner, dark side up, which will double its width. In the snow, the signal is drawn using ash from a burnt-out fire or trampled under shoe heels. It is advisable to line the bottom of trampled trenches with spruce branches, branches, etc. dark material. Just when trampling trenches in the snow, you don’t need to trample next to them, so that instead of a clearly readable signal sign, you don’t get a meaningless pattern of dozens of paths and paths going in different directions. Approach construction site follows only one side and only one pre-marked path.
In all cases, one must strive to ensure maximum contrast between the color signal and the background on which it is laid out. In other words, on light soil the signs should be as dark as possible, and on dark soil - light. In the desert, where construction material you don’t have to choose, low shafts of sand are piled up. This sign works twice a day - in the morning and in the evening, when the sun is low above the horizon.
Thick shadows cast by artificial sand banks are quite clearly visible from the air. But it’s even better to hang panels of fabric or even thick paper on stakes driven into the sand. The fabric itself can be any color, even yellow, because the signal will be drawn not by the panels, but by the shadow they cast. In the absence of fabric, you can try to construct a similar shadow signal from plants tied into long ropes and stretched between stakes a meter from the ground.
The code table of distress signals includes signs that have one single meaning known to the pilot of the search aircraft. There is no point in inventing your own signals, and if for some reason you have forgotten how this or that sign is deciphered, you can lay out the well-known SOS signal on the ground. I doubted for a long time whether it was worth telling the reader about another method of alarm signaling. On the one hand, it is ridiculously simple and therefore accessible to every person, does not require any additional technical devices, and is effective - all these significant advantages.
On the other hand, it causes objective damage to the surrounding nature - a very serious minus in modern times. How can people, being carried away, begin to use it, where it is necessary and where it is not necessary? But then I thought that it was better than the “signal” one. In addition, this method is labor-intensive enough that a person takes it up only out of boredom or for pranks. The essence this method signaling is that victims try to change by all means available to them natural look surrounding area. Burned out, trampled on the ground geometric figures big size, artificial clearings are cut down in dense forests.
Of course, it’s more convenient not to fall big trees, such work is too labor-intensive, and, for example, trimming low bushes on the edges of a forest or the banks of a reservoir. The size of the sign (circle, triangle, etc.) must be 20 meters or more, the stripe width must be 3 - 4 meters. Up close, such a sign is almost invisible, but from a height of several hundred meters it immediately catches the eye. In general, it should be noted that in emergency situation You cannot limit yourself to installing one or two signals. The alarm must be varied and, so to speak, multi-stage, only then will it be effective. For example, having caught a glare from the signal signal on the cockpit glass, the pilot will more carefully examine the area and notice a geometric figure carved into the bushes.
Having descended, he will make out the signs of the code table and the smoke of the signal fire and, finally, examine the people themselves. By the way, the latter must make sure that they are clearly visible. Wear bright, preferably orange, and in the steppe white clothes, get out of the shade of the trees into the sun, open place, wave bright pieces of fabric over your head, or at night - a torch or flashlight.
International aviation emergency gestural signaling.
But it's even better if those in distress know the International Aviation Emergency Hand Signal, which is used to transmit information by pilots of search and rescue aircraft and helicopters.
1. Please take me on board.
2. Technical assistance required.
3. It’s convenient to land here.
4. Everything is fine.
5. I understand, I comply.
6. I have a radio station.
7. It’s dangerous to land here.
8. I can’t move, I need medical help.
9. Ready to accept a pennant, a written message.
10. Yes.
11. No.
Another form of signaling is used for the same purpose—communicating specific information to search aircraft pilots. Only it’s no longer international, but ours, domestic, accepted into the Air Force. It is impossible to say in advance with whom the victims will have to communicate in the conditions of an accident - with our or not our aviators and which of them adheres to which gesture system, so it is better, just in case, to know both.
1. “An incident has occurred, there are casualties”- a person lying on the ground, or a circle of fabric (a straightened parachute), in the middle of which is the figure of a lying person.
2. “We need food and warm clothing”- a person sitting on the ground, or a triangle made of fabric.
3. “Show me which direction to go.”- a person with his arms raised and slightly spread to the sides, or a thin, long triangle of fabric in the shape of an arrow.
4. “You can land here”- a person in a shallow squat with his arms extended forward, or a square of fabric.
5. "Land in the direction indicated"- a standing person with his arms extended forward in the direction of the approach or landing “T” made of fabric.
6. “You can’t sit here.”- a standing person with his arms crossed above his head or a cloth cross.
Simplified distress signals and universal SOS signal.
In addition to special ones, there are simplified distress signals, which rescuers from almost all departments are aware of to one degree or another. For example, the SOS signal, universal in all respects, or any other light or sound signal, repeated three times in a row at short intervals. It doesn’t matter what it will be - three lights, three columns of smoke, three loud whistles, three shots, three light flashes, etc. - as long as the signal is triple.
There should be a one-minute pause between each group of signals. Three light or noise signals - a minute of rest - and again three signals. The international distress signal received in the mountains looks a little different: six whistles, flashes of light or hand waves per minute, then a minute pause and repeat the signal.
Actions upon detection of alien distress signals.
If during a hike or travel you notice someone else’s distress signal, take all measures to provide assistance. First of all, fix the location of the signal - take a bearing using a bearing and note landmarks in the indicated direction. If the victims are in hard to reach place, several of the most experienced travelers must come to their aid. It is unacceptable to send a rescue team lightly - without a tent, warm clothes, food. Retreating rescuers must be completely autonomous, even if those in distress are several hundred meters away.
The remainder (insurance group) must immediately begin setting up the emergency camp. Set up tents, build shelters, make fires, boil water, install signals around the camp and in the direction of movement of the rescue group, organize intermediate camps. If possible, you must immediately notify the rescue services and authorities about the incident and then act in accordance with their instructions. When working as full-time rescuers, independent actions not coordinated with them are unacceptable. It is possible to continue the route only with the permission of the relevant services after the end of the rescue operation.
Emergency signaling, distress signals and human ethics.
The last piece of advice is less about alarm technology and more about human ethics. Any rescue operation distracts a large number of people from their main work and exposes their lives to increased risk, not counting major financial costs. Therefore, before you decide to send a distress signal, you need to think seven times. Any distress signal should only be used in a truly critical situation that directly threatens the life or health of people.
Several tens of kilometers to be covered, worn out legs or failure to meet the deadlines of the trip, not to mention such mercantile reasons as the fear of being late from vacation, missing airline tickets, etc., are not a reason to send an emergency signal and launch large-scale rescue operations.
For the same purpose, after the successful completion of the accident, all emergency signals should be removed or, if this is not possible, the local authorities, rescue services, and aviators should be notified that in the specified areas the signals (indicate which ones specifically) are “inoperative.” Unfortunately, there are cases where travelers have been home for many days, and rescue teams, raised by alarm, continued to comb the area in search of victims.
Based on materials from the book “School of Survival in Accidents and natural disasters».
Ilyin A.
Actions of victims of disaster, if they decide, without waiting for the help of rescuers, to get out to people, to populated areas, on their own.
Last update: 12/09/2019
7.1. The hazard warning lights must be turned on:
- when forced to stop in places where stopping is prohibited;
- when the driver is blinded by headlights;
- when towing (on a towed mechanical vehicle);
- when boarding children in a vehicle that has identification marks “Transportation of Children” (hereinafter identification marks are indicated in accordance with the Basic Provisions) and disembarking from it.
The driver must turn on the hazard warning lights in other cases to warn road users of the danger that the vehicle may pose.
The hazard warning lights are activated by a special button with a triangle symbol on it. When the hazard warning lights are turned on, all direction indicator lights begin to work (blink) simultaneously.
In the cases listed above, turning on the hazard warning light is mandatory, but the driver can use it in other situations that he considers dangerous, i.e. These situations are determined by the driver himself.
For example, if you see an accident ahead, you can turn it on in advance to warn drivers who are driving behind - for them it will be a warning signal that something is wrong ahead.
When someone is backing out of a parking lot, they may not be able to see the traffic to the right behind them. You can stop in front of the person leaving, as if blocking the road for others in the outer lane, and turn on the hazard warning lights.
Those driving behind will pay attention to the situation, and the driver leaving will be able to calmly and safely leave the parking lot. As a sign of gratitude, he can “blink” the emergency lights a couple of times - this is one andh on road. Alternatively, you can move in later to the vacant space.
7.2. When a vehicle stops and the hazard warning lights come on, as well as when they are malfunctioning or missing, an emergency stop sign must be immediately displayed:
- in case of a traffic accident;
- when forced to stop in places where it is prohibited, and where, taking into account visibility conditions, the vehicle cannot be noticed in a timely manner by other drivers.
This sign is installed at a distance that provides timely warning to other drivers of the danger in a particular situation. However, this distance must be at least 15 m from the vehicle in populated areas and 30 m outside settlements.
The warning triangle is an equilateral triangle with a red reflective border (outside) and an orange border (inside). It is advisable that it be on a stable stand, so that it does not have to be “fenced” with anything later.
In the cases listed in paragraph 7.2, the warning triangle must be displayed not only when the alarm system is faulty or absent, but also when it is turned on (working).
7.3. If there is no or faulty hazard warning light on a towed motor vehicle, a warning triangle must be attached to its rear part.
Therefore, you need to take care of where in the back of the car you will have to attach the warning triangle.
Chapter 7 rules traffic it is necessary to activate alarms in the following situations:
Have you ever needed the help of a car lawyer?
YesNo
- In the event of an emergency or accident;
- When making an unplanned stop in areas where this is prohibited;
- When transporting another vehicle using a flexible or rigid hitch;
- In case of temporary loss of concentration due to blinding by the headlights of oncoming traffic;
- When disembarking and boarding passengers in vehicles with special signs.
The rules allow the use of alarms in other situations for the purpose of informing or attracting attention.
If the emergency signals are in a faulty condition, the use of an emergency sign is considered mandatory in the event of an accident or when stopping on sections of the road in the area of prohibition signs.
Rules of application
Turning on the hazard lights when the car stops is accompanied by the installation of an emergency sign. It is a triangle with reflective elements in red and orange color.
In working condition, it has a footrest for additional fixation.
When installed, the sign must be visible to other traffic participants, but its location should not create an obstacle to avoiding the stopping place. Within city limits, it must be installed at a distance of at least 15 meters from the vehicle. Out of city minimum distance increases to 30 meters. This is primarily due to the inability to react in time when moving high speed. The rules for installing a sign apply even if the accident did not occur on the road, but in the adjacent area, for example, in the yard.
The sign must be attached to the towed vehicle when transporting on a flexible or rigid hitch.
In what cases should symbols not be used?
Due to the fact that the emergency alarm is a means of notifying about the presence of unusual situations on the road, its use in the absence of such is a violation. This applies equally to emergency signs. Such an action may give other road users a false impression of the driver’s problems, which in turn can lead to unplanned maneuvers and actions. Parking under a prohibitory sign, but with the signals on, does not at all give the right to be in such areas.
As often happens, the presence standing car one way or another attracts the attention of traffic police officers, and if it is proven that the emergency lights and sign were used unnecessarily, the motorist will face punishment.
Possible penalties
The Code of Administrative Offenses (CAO) contains Article 12.20, which provides for a fine of 500 rubles for violating the rules for the use of emergency lights. This article covers both situations of using signals unnecessarily, as well as driving with a faulty alarm system or without a special sign.
However, in the last few years, the attention of traffic police officers to the serviceability of alarm systems has decreased somewhat. This is due to the fact that today a traffic police officer has fewer opportunities to stop a car without reason.
Case studies
At night, the use of an alarm system significantly increases the chances of a motorist being noticed. So in 2017, a Lada Kalina and a VAZ-2109 collided in the Nizhny Novgorod region. According to statements from witnesses and victims, the driver of the VAZ-2109 made a forced stop in order to repair a minor breakdown. The hazard warning lights were not turned on, and the emergency sign was not displayed either. For this reason, the driver of the Lada Kalina was unable to see the car and slow down. Similar stories far from uncommon. However, an extremely small number of violations result in fines, since it is impossible to instantly determine the presence of a malfunction in the car, and motorists driving with non-working signals can at any time answer that they are heading to a car service to have the breakdown repaired. In case of emergency sign such a trick will no longer work.
Conclusion
The alarm system is universal means alert other traffic participants and attract attention. Regardless of the severity of the traffic situation, the included hazard lights force the driver to pay attention to the car. However, some motorists use emergency signals for other purposes, which confuses other road users. Violation of the conditions for the use of light signals implies a fine of 500 rubles, however, due to some difficulties, such a penalty is extremely rare.
International emergency signs
(used to signal aircraft from the ground)
Code table.
For victims deprived of emergency signaling “tools,” an emergency signaling method has been invented - international code table.
The code table signals are laid out in open places that are clearly visible from the air - on hillsides, clearings. Different sources indicate different recommended signal sizes, depending on the tastes and departmental preferences of the authors. Therefore, it is better to stick to the international standard: 10 m long, 3 m wide and 3 m between signs. But in any case, no less than 2.5 m. Otherwise, the sign will be difficult to make out from a great height. There are no upward restrictions - the more significant the signal, the higher the likelihood that it will be noticed.
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For the same purpose - communicating specific information to pilots of search aircraft - another form of signaling is used - international aviation emergency gestural signaling.
1. Please take me on board.
2. Technical assistance required.
3. It’s convenient to land here.
4. Everything is fine.
5. I understand, I comply.
6. I have a radio station.
7. It’s dangerous to land here.
8. I can’t move, I need it
health care.
9. Ready to accept the pennant, written
message.
10. Yes.
11. No.
Another form of signaling is used for the same purpose - communicating specific information to search aircraft pilots. Only it’s no longer international, but ours, domestic, accepted into the Air Force.
It is impossible to say in advance with whom the victims will have to communicate in the conditions of an accident - with our or not our aviators and which of them adheres to which gesture system, so it is better, just in case, to know both:
1. “An incident has occurred, there are victims” - a person lying on the ground, or a circle of fabric (an extended parachute), in the middle of which is the figure of a lying person.
2. “We need food, warm clothing” - a person sitting on the ground, or a triangle made of fabric.
3. “Show me which direction to go” - a person with his arms raised and slightly spread to the sides, or a thin, long triangle of fabric in the shape of an arrow.
4. “Here you can land” - a person in a shallow squat with his arms extended forward, or a square of fabric.
5. “Land in the direction indicated” - a standing person with his arms extended forward in the direction of the approach or a landing “T” made of fabric.
6. “You can’t sit here” - a standing person with his arms crossed above his head or a cloth cross.
In addition to special ones, there are simplified distress signals, which rescuers from almost all departments are aware of to one degree or another.
For example, the SOS signal, universal in all respects, or any other light or sound signal, repeated three times in a row at short intervals. It doesn’t matter what it will be - three lights, three columns of smoke, three loud whistles, three shots, three light flashes, etc. - as long as the signal is triple.
There should be a one-minute pause between each group of signals. Three light or noise signals - a minute of rest - and again three signals.
The international distress signal received in the mountains looks a little different: six whistles, flashes or hand waves per minute, then a one-minute pause and repeat
7. USE OF EMERGENCY ALARMS AND WARNING SIGNS
Reader B: What is an alarm?
Reader A: How to turn it on? The hazard warning lights are activated by a button located in the car's interior next to the instrument panel. Most often this is an orange or red button with a triangle on it (Fig. 93).
The hazard warning lights must be turned on:
when forced to stop in places where stopping is prohibited;
when the driver is blinded by headlights;
when towing (on a towed motor vehicle).
The driver must turn on the hazard warning lights in other cases to warn road users of the danger that the vehicle may pose.
Reader A: The need to turn on the hazard warning lights in the event of an accident on the road is beyond doubt. It is necessary to warn other drivers about dangerous situation so that they can avoid damaged vehicles, injured people and those providing first aid.
Reader B: Section 1 of the Rules provided a definition of a forced stop. I remember: this is a cessation of movement due to technical malfunction transport, the danger created by the transported cargo, the condition of the driver or passenger, as well as due to obstacles on the road.
Reader A: We also turn on the hazard warning lights in case of blinding.
Reader B: Why turn on the hazard lights on a towed car?
Reader A: Clause 7.1 says that it is necessary to turn on the alarm in other cases. Which ones exactly?
When stopping a vehicle and turning on the hazard warning lights, as well as when they are malfunctioning or missing, an emergency stop sign must be immediately displayed:
in case of a traffic accident;
when forced to stop in places where it is prohibited, and where, taking into account visibility conditions, the vehicle cannot be noticed in a timely manner by other drivers.
This sign is installed at a distance that provides timely warning to other drivers of the danger in a particular situation. However, this distance must be at least 15 m from the vehicle in populated areas and 30 m outside populated areas.
Reader B: What does a warning triangle look like?
Reader B: We understand at what distance the sign is placed, but on which side of the vehicle should it be placed?
And also know that if you are forced to stop in places where stopping is prohibited, the driver must take all measures to remove the vehicle from these places (clause 12.6 of the Rules).
Reader A: This is understandable, but that’s why the Rules indicate different distance on which the sign should be placed?
That is why in populated areas, where traffic speeds are lower, the minimum distance at which the sign is displayed is smaller (Fig. 95) than outside populated areas, where traffic speeds are higher (Fig. 96).
Don't forget that you must turn on the hazard lights before putting up a sign.
Reader A: If the hazard warning lights fail, for example if they are damaged in a traffic accident, the warning triangle will still warn other road users of the danger. But is it possible to tow such a car?
If there is no or faulty hazard warning light on a towed motor vehicle, a warning triangle must be attached to its rear part (Fig. 97).
Reader B: How to attach a warning triangle to the rear of a vehicle?
There is always a rope or piece of wire in the trunk of your car. However, in order not to waste time searching, I recommend that you prepare all this in advance and put it in the case along with the warning triangle. Also determine in advance the places where, if necessary, you will attach the sign. From the book School of Survival in Accidents and Natural Disasters author Ilyin AndreyRADIO EMERGENCY ALARMS International space system search for emergency ships and aircraft (COSPAS-SARSAT) has been used in world rescue practice since 1982. During this time, with its help, about four thousand people who found themselves in
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