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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN STATE AUTONOMOUS PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "LENINOGORSK POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE" Lesson plan for industrial training Profession: 110800.02 "Tractor driver - operator of agricultural production" PM.02 Performing metalwork for repairs and maintenance agricultural machinery and equipment. MDK.02.01 Technology of metalwork for repair and maintenance of agricultural machinery and equipment. Program topic No. 1. Performing plumbing work. Lesson topic No. 2: Planar markings.
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LESSON OBJECTIVES: EDUCATIONAL: to teach techniques for planar marking using marking and measuring tools and devices. DEVELOPMENTAL: Develop competent technical speech, independence and a sense of responsibility, self-control and mutual control, imagination, logical memory, attentiveness. ENCOURAGING: To cultivate the professional qualities of the future tractor driver, careful attitude to equipment and tools, accuracy, independence, clarity in work, love for the chosen profession, a sense of responsibility, the desire to work productively, to do the job efficiently.
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MARKING AND TYPES OF MARKING. MARKING is a metalworking operation in which lines (marks) are applied to the workpiece, defining the contours of the future part. Marking is divided into planar and spatial. PLANE MARKING is a marking that is performed on workpiece surfaces lying in the same plane. SPATIAL MARKING is the marking of workpiece surfaces located in different planes under different angles to each other.
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Marking tools include: scribers, center punches, marking compasses, rulers, square, surface planers.
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A scriber is a tool with which lines (marks) are drawn onto the marked surface of the workpiece using a ruler, square or template. REISMAS is the main tool used in spatial marking. It is used to draw parallel, vertical and horizontal lines, as well as to check the installation of parts on the plate.
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KERNER is locksmith tool, used for making indentations (cores) on pre-marked lines.
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COMPASSES are used to mark circles and arcs, to divide segments, circles and for geometric constructions. Compasses are also used to transfer dimensions from measuring rulers to a part.
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MARKING VERNIER CALIPER is designed for precise marking of straight lines and centers and is used for marking circles of large diameters.
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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE STARTING WORK: 1. Wear and tidy up your work clothes correctly, tuck them in so that there are no hanging ends, tuck your hair under your headdress and get ready individual means protection. (Mittens, safety glasses) 2. Organize your workplace so that if necessary, everything is at hand, check that there is sufficient lighting in the workplace. 3. Prepare the necessary working tools. Devices that meet the following requirements: a) Hammer, sledgehammer, forging chisels must have a slightly convex, unbroken surface of the striker, without burrs, hardening, gouges, dents and must be secured to wooden handles. b) The handles of hammers, sledgehammers and drifts must be made of dry wood of different species. (oak, beech, ash, birch). Straight, oval in cross-section with a slight thickening towards the free end. And have no cracks. c) Files should be tightly placed on smoothly cleaned handles, secured with metal rings. G) Spanners must be in good working order and match the size of the bolts and nuts. Extending keys is prohibited. e) The jaws of vices and clamps must have a good, unworked notch.
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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS DURING WORK: 1. Use only serviceable tools and devices, Workplace keep in proper order: Workpieces, tools, products, put in separate places for them. Avoid obstructing passages. 2. Place production waste in special containers. 3. All work with sheet material(carrying, laying, cutting with scissors, bending, etc.) should be done with gloves. 4. Clean surfaces and rinse parts to be reworked, as well as remove chips with a brush with a mark or rags. 5. When working with pliers, wire cutters, and metal scissors, make sure that cutting edges were sharp and had no dents on the sides. 6. Secure the workpieces securely in a vice or tools. 7. A tool with a sharpened blade or point should be passed to another person forward with the handle or blunt end.
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SAFETY IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND AT END OF WORK: IN AN EMERGENCY; 1. If a tool or equipment malfunction is detected, stop work immediately and report it to the foreman. 2. If you receive an injury, inform the specialist and contact a medical professional. paragraph. AFTER FINISHING THE WORK: 1. Check the availability of the tool, put it in the lockers or hand it over to the master. 2. remove the workpiece parts from the workbench and place them in the place designated for them. 3. Remove metal shavings and dust into a special container. Lubricate the rubbing parts of the vice and clean with a brush with a mark. 4. Clean the premises and remove production waste from the workshop. 5. Report all comments and detected malfunctions to the technician. 6. Wash your hands with warm water and soap.
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT: 1). Prepare the treated surface for marking. 2). Drawing parallel and perpendicular marks (lines) using a measuring ruler, scriber and square. 3) Punching.
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INSTRUCTION CARD No. 1. Planar markings with straight lines. Exercises: 1. Preparing the metal surface for marking. 2. Applying mutually perpendicular marks (lines). 3. Applying parallel marks (lines). 4. Applying marks at an angle. Tools: metal measuring rulers, scribers, marking compasses, squares with a wide base 90, bench hammers, punches. Equipment and materials: marking plate, blanks (size 200100 mm), sandpaper (sandpaper), copper sulfate, rags, brush, metal brushes, scrapers. ORDER OF EXECUTION INSTRUCTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. ORDER OF EXECUTION INSTRUCTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. Exercise 1. Preparing the metal surface for marking. Exercise 2. Drawing straight and perpendicular marks (lines). Exercise 3. Punching. Prepare the treated surface for marking. Rice. 1 Exercise 1. 1. Thoroughly wipe the marking plate. 2. Inspect the workpiece (there should be no bubbles, cracks, burrs, sharp corners, etc.). 3. Clean the workpiece from dust, dirt, scale, and traces of corrosion with a steel brush; clean the marked areas with sandpaper. 4. Apply an even layer to the surface of the workpiece with a brush. copper sulfate(2-3 tsp of dry solution of copper sulfate per 1 glass of water). Painting is performed in the following sequence (Fig. 1): the workpiece is taken into left hand and hold it at an angle. With the other hand, dip the end of the brush into a small amount of dye, then apply it to the surface in an even thin layer using cross (horizontal and vertical) movements. The painted workpiece (part) is dried until completely dry. 2. Applying straight and perpendicular marks (lines). Rice. 2 3. Punching. Rice. 3 Exercise 2. Drawing straight and perpendicular lines. 1. Study the drawing, determine the base surfaces of the workpiece from which dimensions should be taken during the marking process (for planar marking, machined edges can serve as bases). Take the machined end or edge of the workpiece as a reference point - the base. 2. From the base (edge) of the workpiece, on one side, measuring 50 mm, make a mark, then from the same edge, but on the other side at the same distance, make a perpendicular mark. 3. On the other side of the workpiece, perform the same operation. 4. Place a ruler on the surface to be marked (Fig. 2), combining the crossed marks (5050) and use a scribe to connect them with a straight line (the mark is carried out with slight pressure only once - rerun risks are unacceptable). 5. Perform the same operation on the other side of the workpiece. 6. Perpendicular marks (lines) are applied using a square (Fig. 3). The mark (line) is drawn along the square. The shelf of the square is applied to the side surface on the other side of the workpiece and at the designated points where the marks (lines) should intersect, they are drawn with a scriber (the scribe should be inclined in the direction of its movement and at the same time away from the edge of the ruler). Exercise 3. 1. Punching. When working, take the punch with three fingers of the left hand, place the sharp end exactly on the marking mark (the center of intersection of the marks) so that the tip of the punch is strictly in the middle of the mark (Fig. 4). First, tilt the punch away from you and press it to the intended point, then they are quickly placed in a vertical position, after which a light blow is applied to it with a hammer weighing 100 - 200 g (Fig. 4).
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Exercise 1. Preparing the metal surface for marking. Before marking, you must do the following: - clean the workpiece from dust, dirt, scale, traces of corrosion with a steel brush or sandpaper; - carefully inspect the workpiece, if cavities, bubbles, cracks, etc. are detected, take measures to remove these defects during further processing (if possible); - study the drawing of the part to be marked; - select base surfaces or bases from which you will have to set aside dimensions for applying marking marks (lines) (for planar marking, the bases can be the processed edges of the workpiece or the axial lines, which are applied first).
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Applying a solution of copper sulfate to the workpiece. EXERCISE 1. 1. Thoroughly wipe the marking plate. 2. Inspect the workpiece (there should be no bubbles, cracks, burrs, sharp corners, etc.). 3. Clean the workpiece from dust, dirt, scale, and traces of corrosion with a steel brush; clean the marked areas with sandpaper. 4. Using a brush, apply an even layer of copper sulfate to the surface of the workpiece (2-3 tsp of a dry solution of copper sulfate per 1 glass of water). Coloring is performed in the following sequence (Fig. 1): the workpiece is taken in the left hand and held obliquely. With the other hand, dip the end of the brush into a small amount of dye, then apply it to the surface in an even thin layer using cross (horizontal and vertical) movements. The painted workpiece (part) is dried until completely dry.
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Exercise 2. Drawing straight and perpendicular marks (lines). 4. Place a ruler on the surface to be marked (Fig. 2), combining the crossed marks (5050) and connect them with a straight line with a scriber (the mark is carried out with slight pressure only once - repeated marking is unacceptable). 5. Perform the same operation on the other side of the workpiece. 6. Perpendicular marks (lines) are applied using a square (Fig. 3). The mark (line) is drawn along the square. The shelf of the square is applied to the side surface on the other side of the workpiece and at the designated points where the marks (lines) should intersect, they are drawn with a scriber (the scribe should be inclined in the direction of its movement and at the same time away from the edge of the ruler). Study the drawing, determine the base surfaces of the workpiece, from which dimensions should be taken during the marking process (for planar marking, machined edges can serve as bases). Take the machined end or edge of the workpiece as a reference point - the base. 2. From the base (edge) of the workpiece, on one side, measuring 50 mm, make a mark, then from the same edge, but on the other side at the same distance, make a perpendicular mark. 3. On the other side of the workpiece, perform the same operation.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW WESTERN DISTRICT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL No. 323 Marking a piece of wood. 5-6 grades Technology teacher Seliverstov Yu.I. Honored Teacher of the Russian Federation Moscow 2013 Lesson topic. Marking wood Purpose of the lesson: educational: to teach students how to mark wood parts; obtaining new knowledge on the topic “Wood Processing Technology”, developing students’ initial labor knowledge and skills, developing technical thinking and creative abilities, using ICT for a better perception of the material. developing: improving independent work skills, improving the ability to independently formulate conclusions, develop speech; development of building skills simple drawing; development of the ability to correctly select a workpiece and mark it according to a template. educational: developing a sense of mutual understanding and mutual assistance in the process of joint problem solving; development of motivation to study the stages of manufacturing objects of labor, using a variety of activity techniques through obtaining interesting information. Objectives of the lesson: continue the formation of basic technological concepts; development of the ability to build a simple drawing; Teach students how to mark wood parts. Interdisciplinary connections: mathematics, drawing. Updating basic knowledge 1. List which lines are used to construct drawings. 2. What types of graphic images of parts and products do you know? Give examples. 3. What tree species Are they classified as soft? Hard? 4. Name physical properties wood. 5. Name mechanical properties wood. 6. State the purpose of the technological map. 7. What is called a workpiece? 8. What is called a technological operation? 9. What is called a technological transition? MARKING OF WOOD Marking is the technological operation of applying marking marks (lines) or points to the board or workpiece being processed using a tool, defining the contours of subsequent processing. Marking can be primary with an allowance for processing and secondary – precise marking with the aim of obtaining the specified dimensions in the drawing. The marking of the material is an indispensable condition obtaining high-quality and accurate parts. This part of the part manufacturing process must be treated very carefully, since insufficiently accurate markings can lead to damage to the material. When marking, it is necessary to select such a workpiece and mark it in such a way that further processing produces as little waste as possible. Allowance is an excess (above the drawing size of the part) layer of the workpiece that must be removed during subsequent processing with a cutting tool. Marking and measuring tools To mark and check the accuracy of processing workpieces and parts, use the following measuring and marking tools: ruler (a), compass (b), tape measure (c), carpenter's square (d), surface planer (e), malka (e) . To draw lines when marking, it is best to use a simple graphite pencil. To mark parts made of hard wood, TM, T, 2T and ZT pencils are used; for soft wood, for example, linden or spruce - M pencils. Ruler - used for measuring, marking dimensions and drawing straight lines. The ruler scale has millimeter divisions. When working with a wooden ruler, it is important to remember that you need to measure dimensions from the zero mark. Iron rulers usually start from scratch. When marking, you can also use a folding meter or steel tape measure. Drawing a straight line is best done as follows. First, the base edge and face are determined, then the distance from the edge of the workpiece is measured with a precisely calibrated ruler or meter and points are marked. Two points are enough to draw a line, but more can be done, since this way it will be easier to detect an error. After this, a ruler is applied to the base side without distortion (so that the edge of the ruler is close to the points) and a line is drawn through the points. The divisions must be looked at strictly perpendicular to the plane of the ruler. A – base edge; B – base layer; 1 – workpiece; 2 – ruler; 3 – risk; 4 – pencil; 5 - part width line. Marking with a square A square is designed for marking corners and checking the squareness of workpiece elements and joinery and consists of a base - a block, into which a ruler - pen - is mounted at a right angle. Divisions may be marked on the ruler. Squares are made of wood with dimensions of 250x160x22 mm and 500x300x24 mm and metal testing squares with a wide base in sizes of 60x40, 100x60, 160x100, 250x160, 400x250, 630x400, 1000x630 mm. The first number is the length of the ruler, the second is the base. When marking perpendicular and parallel lines, the square block is pressed tightly against the base edge or face, tilt the pencil in the direction of movement and move it slightly to the side of the pen (Fig. 2). Several bars folded together are marked under the square as shown in figure (Fig. 3). Fig.1 A – base edge; 1 – workpiece; 2- square block; 3 – square feather; 4 - pencil Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Marking with a measuring rod, thicknesser The measuring rod is used to measure angles according to the sample and transfer them to workpiece parts. Set the grinder to the desired angle using a protractor or protractor. It consists of a base - a block and a ruler, hingedly connected to each other. Marking is done in the same way as with a carpenter's square (Fig. 1). Using a surface thicknesser, marks are applied parallel to one of the sides of the block and parts. It is a wooden block in which two slats pass through two holes. At the end of the rail on one side there are sharp pins for applying marks. By releasing the end of the rail behind the block, the required distance from the edge to the applied mark is set, i.e. marking lines. Rice. 2. Marking with a thicknesser: A – base edge; 1- blank; 2 – block; 3 – wedge; 4 – slats with sharp pins. Rice. 1 Marking with a compass, template Using a compass, circles and arcs are drawn on the workpiece to be marked, for which the center is first marked. At this center, marked by a point or the intersection of two lines, a sharp leg of a compass is placed, and the other is used to trace a circle. The radius of the circle is preliminarily plotted along a ruler (Fig. 1). Rice. 1 To mark several identical parts or parts of complex curved shape, templates are used. A template is a finished part or its shape made of wood, metal, plastic or thick cardboard. Marking using a template allows you to quickly and accurately draw the desired shape of the part. To do this, the part is placed on the surface of the workpiece, a template is pressed or attached to it, and the contour is traced with a pencil. With correct, economical marking, a larger number of parts can be obtained from the same workpiece than with incorrect marking (Fig. 2). Attention! A Russian proverb says: “Measure seven times, cut once.” The quality of the future product largely depends on correctly executed markings. Remember this and be careful! Rice. 2 Reasons for defects when marking: - inaccuracy of the measuring tool; - non-compliance with marking techniques; - inattentiveness of the worker. Test your knowledge 1. What is part marking called? 2. What tools are used for marking? 3. Why should the pencil be tilted slightly away from the ruler when drawing marking lines? 4. How do you draw marking lines when cutting out rectangular parts? 5. How to mark a circle and a square? 6. Why do markings of the workpiece start from the base edge and face? 7. What is allowance? 8. What is the purpose of a measuring ruler and a carpenter's square? 9. How are markings made using a template? Let's remember the basic concepts: Marking, allowance, measuring ruler, line, tape measure, carpenter's square, mark, thicknesser, compass, template, base edge, base face, economical marking. Information sources and electronic educational resources Textbooks: I.A. Karabanov. Wood processing technology. A textbook for students in grades 5-9 of general education institutions. M.: Education, 2002. Technology. Technical labor. 5th grade. Edited by Yu.L. Khotuntseva, E.S. Glozman. M.: Mnemosyne Publishing House, 2011. Simonenko V.D., Samorodsky P.S., Tishchenko A.T. Technology, 5th grade. M., Education, 2011. A.T. Tishchenko, V.D. Simonenko. Technology. Industrial technologies 5th grade. M.: Ventana-Graf, 2012. Handbook of labor training. A manual for students in grades 5-7. Edited by I.A. Karabanova. M.; Enlightenment, 1991. Wikipedia http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ http://melechkovichi.ucoz.ru/trud/174.doc http://melechkovichi.ucoz.ru/trud/13.doc Yandex http: //youtu.be/BQ3HJ0kEgvU http://molroo.ru/tinybrowser/files/attestatciya/konspekt-5-kl-.doc http://technologys.info/obrabdrevesiny/cherchirazmetka.htm Knowledge Hypermarket
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METAL MARKING Presentation on the subject “Plumbing”
Metal marking is the operation of applying lines (scores) to the workpiece, which, according to the drawing, determine the contours of the part and the places to be processed. Marking can be planar and spatial. Planar marking is used when the contours of the part lie in the same plane; When marking in space, lines are drawn in several planes or on several surfaces.
Tools, devices and materials used when marking scribers are the most simple tool for drawing the contour of a part on the surface of the workpiece and are a rod with a pointed end of the working part. Scribblers are made from tool carbon steels of grades U10A and U12A in two versions: single-sided and double-sided. Scribblers are made with a length of 10... 120 mm. Working part The scriber is hardened over a length of 20...30 mm to a hardness of HRC 58...60 and sharpened at an angle of 15...20°. Marks are applied to the surface of the part using a scriber, using a scale ruler, template or sample.
Markers are used to apply marks on the vertical plane of the workpiece. It is a scriber 2 attached to vertical rack installed on massive base. If it is necessary to apply marks with higher precision, use a tool with a scale - a height gauge. To set the gauge to a given size, you can use blocks of gauge blocks, and if you don’t really need high accuracy markings, then use a vertical scale ruler 1. Marking compasses are used to draw circular arcs and divide segments and angles into equal parts. Marking compasses are made in two versions: simple, which allows you to fix the position of the legs after they are set to size, and spring, used for more precise setting of the size. To mark the contours of critical parts, use a marking caliper. In order for the marking marks to be clearly visible on the marked surface, point depressions are applied to them - cores, which are applied special tool- center punch.
The center punches are made from U7A tool steel. The hardness along the length of the working part (15... 30 mm) should be HRC 52... 57. In some cases, specially designed punches are used. So, for example, to apply core recesses when dividing a circle into equal parts, it is advisable to use a core punch proposed by Yu. V. Kozlovsky, which can significantly increase productivity and accuracy when applying them. Marking using this punch is carried out in the following sequence: the points of needles 9 and 10 are placed at the risk of a circle previously drawn on the workpiece; strike the impact head 3, punching the first point; the punch body is rotated around one of the needles until the second needle coincides with the marked circle, and impact head 3 is struck again. The operation is repeated until the entire circle is divided into equal parts. At the same time, the marking accuracy increases, since thanks to the use of needles, the punch can be adjusted to a given size using a block of gauge blocks.
When performing spatial marking, it is necessary to use a number of devices that would allow the part to be marked to be placed in a certain position and to be turned (turned over) during the marking process. For these purposes, when marking spatially, marking plates, prisms, squares, marking boxes, marking wedges, and jacks are used. Marking plates are cast from gray cast iron and their working surfaces must be precisely machined. On the upper plane of large marking slabs, longitudinal and transverse grooves of small depth are planed, dividing the surface of the slab into square sections. Marking plates are installed on special stands and cabinets with drawers for storing marking tools and accessories. Marking boards small size placed on tables.
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PENCIL MARKING Basic methods and rules
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Marking is called application contour lines future product for preparation. When marking with a pencil, marking and measuring instruments, such as pencils, rulers, squares, compasses, and templates.
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For marking, use only a sharply sharpened pencil! Excessive thickness of marking lines and marks negatively affects the accuracy of subsequent operations. Examples of errors when drawing thick marking lines.
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Using a square, you can mark lines on the workpiece at right angles to the base surface. To do this, apply a square block to the base surface and draw a line along its feather with a pencil. Basic Rules.
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Using a ruler, the workpiece can be marked into bars of a certain width. To do this, measure from the base edge of the board right size Marking lines are drawn using marks at two edges of the workpiece and marking lines are drawn along the marks with a pencil. To securely hold the ruler when drawing lines, you can use pin buttons. Basic Rules.
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Using a compass, circles and arcs are drawn on the workpiece to be marked, for which the center of the circle is first marked. A sharp leg of a compass is placed at this center, marked by the intersection of two lines, and a circle is drawn with the other. The radius of the circle on the compass is first plotted along the ruler. Continue studying markup methods.
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Templates are used to mark several identical parts or parts of complex curved shapes. The template is a plate made of wood, metal or plastic, cut along the contour of the part in full size (M1: 1). Marking using a template allows you to quickly and accurately draw the desired shape of the part. When marking according to a template, its quality determines the accuracy of the template. It should be remembered that the contour obtained by outlining the template is 0.2 - 0.5 mm larger than the contour of the template. The worse the pencil lead is sharpened, the greater this error. Thank you for your attention!
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The slope of the marking line from a given direction, marked with dimension marks. Continuation.
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Error when filing the tenon cheeks in height. Continue studying markup methods. WRONG! RIGHT!
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The pencil is tilted at an angle of 60–80° so that its tip touches the pen of the square. Basic Rules. Continuation.
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When marking on a square, its block must be firmly applied to the base surface. The square block must be attached to the base surface along its entire length. WRONG! Continue studying markup methods. WRONG!
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Dimensional risks must be placed as far apart as possible. This significantly increases the accuracy of the location of marking lines relative to the base surface. Continuation.
Lesson topic: Marking Marking is a metalworking operation in which lines (marks) are applied to the workpiece, defining the contours of the future part. Marking is divided into planar and spatial. Planar marking is a marking that is performed on workpiece surfaces lying in the same plane. Spatial marking is the marking of workpiece surfaces located in different planes at different angles to each other. Spatial marking is the marking of workpiece surfaces located in different planes at different angles to each other.
Marking tools include: scribers, center punches, marking compasses, and surface planers. Scribler - A scriber is a tool with which lines (marks) are drawn on the surface of the workpiece using a ruler or square. The scribers are made from tool steel U10 or U12. The scribers are made from tool steel U10 or U12. The working part of the scriber is sharpened to sharpening machine at an angle
A center punch is a metalworking tool used to make recesses (cores) along marked lines. The punches are made from tool steel U7A, U8A, 7ХФ and 8ХФ. The punches are made from tool steel U7A, U8A, 7ХФ and 8ХФ. The working and impact parts of the punch are subjected to heat treatment to increase strength. The point of the center punch is sharpened at an angle of 60.
Preparation for marking Before marking, the surface of the workpiece is painted with chalk, copper sulfate solution, quick-drying varnishes or paints. Painting is done so that the marking lines are clearly visible. Marking lines are applied to the workpiece in the following sequence: 1. horizontal; 2. vertical; 3. inclined; 4. circles and arcs.
