Presentation on ecology and healthy people. Ecology and human health

The work was completed by students of class 10 “B” Nadeeva Milya and Kaldina Anna

Human ecology is the science of the relationship between man and his environment in various aspects (economic, technical, physical-technical, socio-psychological) and is intended to determine the optimal conditions for human existence, including the permissible limits of his impact on the environment. The relationship with the environment of a person as an organism is studied by autecology, the ecology of human communities - synecology. F. Bacon

Chemical pollution of the atmosphere industry household boiler rooms transport The main source of pyrogenic pollution: thermal power plants, metallurgical and chemical enterprises, boiler plants (consuming more than 70% of the annually produced solid and liquid fuel.) The main harmful impurities of pyrogenic origin: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and sulfuric anhydride, nitrogen oxides hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide fluorine compounds chlorine compounds

Human exposure to sulfur dioxide and sulfuric anhydride. Symptoms of poisoning: runny nose, cough, hoarseness, sore throat. Inhalation of high concentrations may result in suffocation, speech impairment, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, and possible acute pulmonary edema. Effects on humans of nitrogen oxides, a gas mixed with oxygen, is used for anesthesia. It is called exhilarating. number of symptoms Small amounts of dullness of pain sensitivity. Small amounts of feeling of intoxication. Inhalation of pure gas causes narcotic state and suffocation

weather and human well-being Biorhythm - many rhythmic processes in the body (rhythms of the heart, breathing, bioelectrical activity of the brain). Circadian rhythms and biorhythms The study of changes in circadian rhythms allows us to identify the occurrence of some diseases at the earliest stages Climate and health 17th century - the foundations of a scientific direction in medicine about the influence of climatic factors on human health were born 1725 - the beginning of the study of the influence of climate, seasons and weather on humans in Russia

nutrition and human health Doctors say that good, balanced nutrition is an important condition for maintaining the health and high performance of adults, and for children it is also a necessary condition for growth and development. For normal growth, development and maintenance of vital functions, the body needs proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral salts in the quantities it needs. Regular overeating and consumption of excess carbohydrates and fats are the cause of the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Many food products have bactericidal effects, inhibiting the growth and development of various microorganisms.

The surrounding landscape can have different effects on the psycho-emotional state. landscape as a factor of health Nature increases vitality and calms the nerves. The forest, especially forest air, has one of the strongest effects on health. Outdoor recreation is useful for city residents due to the busy pace of life and polluted air, including noise pollution, and the overall urban environment.

Thank you for your attention!

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5. The birth of a large number of premature children, and therefore physically immature. It is associated with a disorder in the genetic apparatus. 5. The birth of a large number of premature children, and therefore physically immature. It is associated with a disorder in the genetic apparatus. 6. “Return” of infectious agents that are able to live in the human environment and become pathogens of influenza, viral forms of cancer and other diseases. Today, for example, the incidence of tuberculosis has increased even in developed countries due to antibiotic resistance, impoverishment and high population density in cities. 7. Abiological trends, which are understood as such lifestyle features as physical inactivity, smoking, drug addiction, etc. They cause obesity, cancer, cardiac diseases, etc. Currently, all these trends are characteristic to varying degrees in all human habitats, but They appear most prominently in urban environments.

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One of the significant negative risk factors affecting the health of the population is alcoholism, smoking and drug addiction. A bad habit is a pre-disease if it is not stopped in time. Tobacco smoking has become an epidemic. Over the past 5-10 years, the number of drug users in the country has increased 4 times, the number of deaths from drug use has increased 12 times, including 42 times among children. Alcohol addiction remains the most common in Russia. In our country, a person dies every 20 seconds from drugs and related diseases, more often a young person. Russia's share in global drug trafficking has increased to 8%. One of the significant negative risk factors affecting the health of the population is alcoholism, smoking and drug addiction. A bad habit is a pre-disease if it is not stopped in time. Tobacco smoking has become an epidemic. Over the past 5-10 years, the number of drug users in the country has increased 4 times, the number of deaths from drug use has increased 12 times, including 42 times among children. Alcohol addiction remains the most common in Russia. In our country, a person dies every 20 seconds from drugs and related diseases, more often a young person. Russia's share in global drug trafficking has increased to 8%. Any addiction is a person’s self-enslavement to his desires. If some needs (for food, water, sunlight, safety, etc.) are important or even mandatory for survival, then others are maladaptive in nature, subordinating the will of a person, leading to harmful consequences. The problem of forming a healthy lifestyle is the problem of forming a worldview and corresponding principles of behavior. Further improvement of the population's health requires an approach to health from the point of view of its broad understanding and taking into account all factors that determine health: lifestyle, social well-being, psychological climate, physical and chemical environmental factors. Drug addiction is understood as a painful attraction to substances of plant or synthetic origin that affect the central nervous system and cause feelings of euphoria, intoxication, stunning, pain relief, and hallucinations. The word drug addiction comes from the Greek words narke (numbness, sleep) and mania (madness, passion, attraction). The term “drug addiction” was first used in relation to drug abuse in a narrow sense (opium and its preparations, hashish, anasha, marijuana), and later was extended to a large number of substances that stimulate the central nervous system, sedatives and others.

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The presentation was made by a student of grade 11 “A” of State Educational Institution Secondary School No. 186 in St. Petersburg Maria Estrina *

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chemical atmospheric pollution and human health; biological pollution and human diseases; the influence of sounds on humans; weather and human well-being; nutrition and human health; landscape as a health factor; problems of human adaptation to the environment; bibliography.

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Chemical pollution of the atmosphere industry household boiler rooms transport The main source of pyrogenic pollution: thermal power plants, metallurgical and chemical enterprises, boiler plants, The main harmful impurities of pyrogenic origin: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and sulfuric anhydride, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide, fluorine compounds, chlorine compounds

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Human exposure to carbon monoxide Concentration Mg/m3 Duration of exposure Symptoms of poisoning 6 20 min Reduced color and light sensitivity of the eyes, decreased accuracy of visual perception of space and night vision 80-111 3.5 hours Reduced speed of visual perception, deterioration in performance of psychological and psychomotor tests, coordination of small precise movements and analytical thinking 460 4-5 hours Severe headache, weakness, dizziness, fog before the eyes, nausea and vomiting, collapse. Headache, general muscle weakness, nausea. 1760 20 min Loss of consciousness, collapse 3500 5-10 min Headache, dizziness, vomiting, loss of consciousness 3400 20-30 min Weak pulse, slowing and stopping of breathing. Death 14000 1-3 min Loss of consciousness, vomiting, death

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Human exposure to sulfur dioxide and sulfuric anhydride. Symptoms of poisoning: runny nose, cough, hoarseness, sore throat. Inhalation of high concentrations may result in suffocation, speech impairment, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, and possible acute pulmonary edema. Human exposure to nitrogen oxides quantity symptoms Small amounts dulling of pain sensitivity. Small amounts of feeling of intoxication. Inhalation of pure gas causes narcotic state and suffocation

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Human exposure to hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide Concentration Mg/l exposure time Symptoms of poisoning 0.006 4 hours headache, lacrimation, photophobia, runny nose, pain in the eyes, decreased air and bone sound conductivity. 0.2-0.28 4 hours burning in the eyes, photophobia, lacrimation, congestion of the conjunctiva, irritation in the nose, metallic taste in the mouth, fatigue, headaches, chest tightness, nausea. 0.7 15-30 min painful irritation of the conjunctiva, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, colic, sometimes diarrhea, pain when urinating, shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, palpitations, headache, feeling of squeezing of the head, weakness, dizziness, sometimes fainting or agitation with confusion. 1.0 and above, convulsions and loss of consciousness end in rapid death from respiratory arrest, and sometimes from cardiac paralysis.

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Human exposure to fluorine compounds leads to the development of chronic poisoning (fluorosis). Symptoms: weight loss, anemia, weakness, joint stiffness, brittle bones, discoloration. Human exposure to chlorine compounds is severe. Short-term cessation of breathing, then shallow, convulsive breathing is restored. The man loses consciousness. Death occurs within 5-25 minutes. medium form Reflexive cessation of breathing is short-lived, burning and pain in the eyes, lacrimation, pain behind the sternum, attacks of painful dry cough, after 2-4 hours toxic pulmonary edema develops. mild form of signs of irritation of the upper respiratory tract, which persist for several days.

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Biological pollution of the environment - its contamination with pathogenic organisms. Main sources: wastewater from industrial production, agriculture, municipal services of cities and towns, household and industrial landfills, cemeteries, etc. Biological pollution and human diseases

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Causative agents of tetanus, botulism, gas gangrene, and some fungal diseases. They can enter the human body if the skin is damaged, with unwashed food, or if hygiene rules are violated. Contaminated water sources caused epidemics of cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery. infection occurs through the respiratory tract by inhaling air. Diseases: influenza, whooping cough, mumps, diphtheria, measles and others. Pathogens get into the air when sick people cough, sneeze, and even talk. Soil Water: rivers, lakes, ponds. Air

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The influence of sounds on humans Sound is mechanical vibrations of the external environment that are perceived by the human hearing aid (from 16 to 20,000 vibrations per second). Noise is loud sounds merged into a discordant sound. Noise level dB Impact 20-30 practically harmless to humans 80 permissible limit 130 causes pain in a person 150 becomes unbearable for him

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nutrition and human health Doctors say that good, balanced nutrition is an important condition for maintaining the health and high performance of adults, and for children it is also a necessary condition for growth and development. Many food products have bactericidal effects, inhibiting the growth and development of various microorganisms. 16 slide

Problems of human adaptation to the environment Types of human adaptation: Sprinter Stayer high resistance to short-term extreme factors and poor tolerance to long-term loads. Reverse type (in the northern regions of the country, people of the “stayer” type predominate among the population) Adaptation is a dynamic process through which the mobile systems of living organisms, despite the variability of conditions, maintain the stability necessary for existence, development and procreation.

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Adapting to unfavorable environmental conditions, the human body experiences a state of tension and fatigue. Any disturbance in the person-environment balance is a source of anxiety. Anxiety, defined as a feeling of an uncertain threat; a feeling of diffuse apprehension and anxious anticipation; vague anxiety is the most powerful mechanism of mental stress. The main features of mental stress: 1) stress is a state of the body, its occurrence involves interaction between the body and the environment; 2) stress is a more intense state than the usual motivational one; it requires the perception of threat to occur; 3) stress phenomena occur when the normal adaptive reaction is insufficient.

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References http://ru.wikipedia.org/ http://www.5ka.ru/ http://revolution.allbest.ru/ http://www.ecologyplanet.ru/ http://www.ecosystema. ru/ http://www.chromdet.com/ http://otvety.mail.ru/ http://base.safework.ru/ http://www.ecostandard.ru/ http://www.chemport. ru/ http://www.medkursor.ru/ http://www.rian.ru/ http://otherreferats.allbest.ru/ http://www.100let.net/ http://www.biogweb. ru/ http://www.psylive.ru/

The presentation was made by E.V. Shaboldina, Biology Teacher at Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 102 in Volgograd.

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Chemical pollution of the atmosphere

industry
domestic boiler rooms
transport

The main source of pyrogenic pollution:

thermal power plants,
metallurgical and chemical enterprises,
boiler plants (consuming more than 70% of the annually produced solid and liquid fuel.)

The main harmful impurities of pyrogenic origin:

carbon monoxide
sulfur dioxide and sulfuric anhydride
nitrogen oxides
hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide
fluorine compounds
chlorine compounds

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Human exposure to carbon monoxide

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Human exposure to sulfur dioxide and sulfuric anhydride

Symptoms of poisoning: runny nose, cough, hoarseness, sore throat. Inhalation of high concentrations may result in suffocation, speech impairment, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, and possible acute pulmonary edema.

Impact on humans of nitrogen oxides, a gas mixed with oxygen, used for anesthesia

They call it fun.

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Human exposure to hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide

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Human exposure to fluoride compounds

Leads to the development of chronic poisoning (fluorosis),

Symptoms: weight loss, anemia, weakness, joint stiffness, brittle bones, discoloration

Human exposure to chlorine compounds

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Biological pollution of the environment - contamination by pathogenic organisms

main sources

wastewater
industrial production
Agriculture
municipal services of cities and towns
domestic and industrial landfills
cemeteries, etc.

Biological pollution and human diseases

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Causative agents of tetanus, botulism, gas gangrene, and some fungal diseases.

They can enter the human body if the skin is damaged, with unwashed food, or if hygiene rules are violated.

Contaminated water sources caused epidemics of cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery.

infection occurs through the respiratory tract by inhaling air. Diseases: influenza, whooping cough, mumps, diphtheria, measles and others. Pathogens get into the air when sick people cough, sneeze, and even talk.

The soil
Waters: rivers, lakes, ponds.
Air

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The influence of sounds on a person from the environment that are perceived by the human hearing aid

(from 16 to 20,000 vibrations per second).

Noise is loud sounds merged into a discordant sound.

Oscillations of higher frequency are ultrasound, lower frequency are infrasound.

Very noisy modern music dulls hearing and causes nervous diseases.

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weather and human well-being

Biorhythm is a set of rhythmic processes in the body (rhythms of the heart, breathing, bioelectrical activity of the brain).

Circadian rhythms and biorhythms

Studying changes in circadian rhythms allows us to identify the occurrence of some diseases at the earliest stages

Climate and health

17th century - the foundations of the scientific direction in medicine about the influence of climatic factors on human health were born
1725 - the beginning of the study of the influence of climate, seasons and weather on humans in Russia

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INFLUENCE OF WEATHER

direct
indirect

affects the blood supply to the skin, respiratory,

cardiovascular system and sweating system.

The longer the body is isolated from external climatic factors and is in comfortable or subcomfortable indoor microclimate conditions, the more its adaptive reactions to constantly changing weather parameters decrease.

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nutrition and human health

Doctors say that nutritious nutrition is an important condition for maintaining the health and high performance of adults, and for children it is also a necessary condition for growth and development.
For normal growth, development and maintenance of vital functions, the body needs proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral salts in the quantities it needs.
Regular overeating and consumption of excess carbohydrates and fats are the cause of the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
Many food products have bactericidal effects, inhibiting the growth and development of various microorganisms.

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The surrounding landscape can have different effects on the psycho-emotional state.

landscape as a health factor

Nature increases vitality and calms the nerves. The forest, especially forest air, has one of the strongest effects on health.

Outdoor recreation is useful for city residents due to the busy pace of life and polluted air, including noise pollution, and the overall urban environment.

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Problems of human adaptation to the environment

Tension is the mobilization of all mechanisms that ensure certain activities of the human body.

Types of human adaptation:

Sprinter
Stayer

high resistance to short-term extreme factors and poor tolerance to long-term loads.

Reverse type (in the northern regions of the country, people of the “stayer” type predominate among the population)

Adaptation is a dynamic process through which the mobile systems of living organisms, despite the variability of conditions, maintain the stability necessary for the existence, development and procreation.

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Adapting to unfavorable environmental conditions, the human body experiences a state of tension and fatigue.

Any disturbance in the “person-environment” balance is a source of anxiety. Anxiety, defined as a feeling of an uncertain threat;

a feeling of diffuse apprehension and anxious anticipation;

vague anxiety is the most powerful mechanism of mental stress.

Main features of mental stress:

1) stress is a state of the body, its occurrence involves interaction between the body and the environment;

2) stress is a more intense state than the usual motivational one; it requires the perception of threat to occur;

3) stress phenomena occur when the normal adaptive reaction is insufficient.

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The modern world, thanks to the rapid development of transport and communications, is becoming more and more integrated. Events occurring in a single country can have an impact and affect the interests of both a number of countries and all of humanity. The further development of humanity depends on how it can solve global problems, which include problems of a political nature - war and peace, human rights, racism, nationalism, etc., economic - economic crises, environmental - environmental protection, depletion of natural resources. resources. Let's take a closer look at a number of environmental problems and their impact on humanity. Scientific and technological progress with its sharp socio-economic changes has led to the emergence of a global medical and biological problem: the survival of humanity in conditions of an environment deformed by man. Medical, sociological and hygienic studies have confirmed the cause-and-effect relationship between lifestyle, environment and human health.