Ceiling ventilation can make your life a lot easier during hot summer months, especially if your home doesn't have air conditioning. In addition, air cooled by an air conditioner can cause serious illnesses.
The ceiling fan, without changing the air temperature, creates a feeling of coolness and comfort. It allows you to save on energy costs in the summer (consumes an order of magnitude less than an air conditioner) and on heating in the winter, as it provides effective air exchange in the room ( warm air from the ceiling directs down).
A little history
The first ceiling makers appeared in the USA at the end of the eighteenth century. They were driven water wheel, and the rotation of the two-blade fans was transmitted using a system of belts and pulleys.
Electric drive was first used by Philippe Diehl in 1882. These devices quickly captured the American market.
Great demand and high competition contributed to the rapid improvement of the design. The number of blades increased from two to four (or more), it appeared with a fan, initially as a set of lamps on the body to compensate for the “running shadow” from moving blades, and later - as a full-fledged lighting fixture, combined with the ceiling.
In the first half of the twentieth century, with the massive advent of air conditioners, hanging on the ceiling ceased to be fashionable. The energy crisis of the late seventies of the nineteenth century brought fans back to the market climate control technology as more economical. Now this view household appliances is used quite widely.
Device and components
The design of a ceiling fan has not changed significantly for many years.
It consists of the following parts:
- Electric motor. Modern engines, thanks to high-quality bearings, can operate around the clock, consuming a small amount of energy and rotating almost silently.
- Frame. An electric motor is placed in it. The body is usually made of metal or plastic. High-quality, expensive models have a sealed housing, which prevents dust from entering the engine and significantly extends trouble-free operation.
- Blades. Usually their number is from three to six. Some ceiling makers original design can have from one to fifteen blades. This is no longer an air conditioning device, but rather an interior decoration. For the manufacture of blades, the most various materials: metal, plastic, valuable wood and others.
- Plank or bracket (otherwise known as “iron”). They perform the function of attaching the blades to the engine. It is almost always made of metal.
- Ceiling mount. Typically the fan is hung on a hook.
- Barbell. Used to hang the device at a distance from the ceiling. Rods of various lengths are used, up to 1.5 meters.
- Caps: upper and lower. The upper one covers the attachment of the rod to the ceiling, and the lower one (at the bottom of the rod, above the body) hides the terminal block, capacitors, rotation speed control devices and other electrical fittings.
- Decorative overlays. The screws securing the blades to the irons are masked.
- Regulators, switches and remote controls remote control . Modern ceiling mounts are reversible; they can change the direction of rotation, and therefore the direction of air flow.
- Mode switches(speeds and directions, turning on lights) can be located on the body and are equipped with laces for user convenience. Some models are equipped with remote controls (usually infrared), which allow you to smoothly adjust the speed and switch the direction of the air flow, and also have timers of varying complexity. The price of such devices is significantly higher.
- Lamps. Some models are produced without lamps, others - with the possibility additional installation lighting devices, and there is a class called a ceiling chandelier with a fan.
Criterias of choice
Many factors need to be taken into account:
- Room dimensions;
- Availability of lamps;
- Noise level;
- Equipment: timer, humidity sensor, motion sensor, air ionization, remote control;
- Execution design. On our resource you can see a variety of design options.
Selection by room area
For a room with an area of 25 square meters, models with a diameter (distance between the ends of the blades) of 132 cm are used. In a room of 16 square meters. m, a 112 cm fan will provide sufficient coolness.
Note. Strictly speaking, not only the size of the blades, but also the engine power, as well as the number of blades and their location (some models have angled and even curved blades), the angle of the blades affect the performance of the product.
The instructions for a specific model usually contain all the necessary information.
By height
If the height of the room is more than 2.8 meters, it is recommended to use extension rods (rods):
Advice. If the ceiling is sloped (in the attic), you need a rod long enough to allow the blades to rotate freely.
If the fan is hung low over the work area, direct the air flow upward to avoid discomfort at high rotation speeds.
By noise level
If you plan to use the ceiling light at night, this figure should be as low as possible. Expensive modern models have this figure of about 20 dB at low speeds.
Additional functions
The following functions will also help:
- The timer makes it possible to automatically turn on and off the device at a specified time. A very convenient feature, especially at night.
- The humidity sensor will turn off the fan when the set humidity level is exceeded. Used in bathrooms and kitchen areas.
- A motion sensor monitors the presence of people in the room and turns off the ceiling light when they are absent.
- Ionization. It has been proven that the presence of negatively charged ions in the air has a positive effect on human health.
- Remote control. A convenient option in all respects.
Various additional functions significantly affect the cost of the device.
Using ceiling fans with lamps in the interior
Modern chandelier fans can be made from a variety of materials:
- Glass;
- Plastic;
- Fabrics;
- Trees;
- Metal, etc.
This incredibly practical and original design element will perfectly complement the interior of a residential building or apartment, as well as an office space.
Dining room and kitchen
In the kitchen, no light source can be superfluous and, moreover, this is where the most problems with the comfort of the microclimate arise. Even the highest quality hood cannot always provide good air circulation during cooking, and the heat that comes from hot pans and pots adds to the unpleasant sensations.
Bedroom and living room
After watching the video, you can see that ceiling fans operate almost silently, which is why they are perfect for these rooms. Their work does not interfere with rest after a stressful working day and allows you to get some sleep.
If the design of the ceiling fan chandelier is matched to the overall design of the room, then such a lamp will add additional style and charm to the interior.
Children's room
In a room for children, first of all, you should take care of the child’s safety, his proper development and comfort. Ceiling fan-the lamp will be especially convenient here, because children usually move actively and can touch a floor or table fan.
In addition, with the help of this device you can constantly regulate the microclimate in the room, whereas the instructions for using the air conditioner do not recommend turning it on in a room where children are.
We must not forget that ceiling lamps are made mainly from environmentally friendly, quality materials, therefore safe for children's health. Special attention should be given correct installation fan-lamp, because children can accidentally hit it with a ball or touch it with a long stick, and an insecurely fastened lamp can fall.
Ceiling work in summer and winter
IN summer time the movement of air around the human body creates a feeling of coolness, more than it actually is.
When using a ceiling light, you can set the air conditioner control to 25 -27 degrees, instead of 22, and get a comfortable feeling. At the same time, energy will be saved, since the air conditioner consumes an order of magnitude more than the fan.
IN winter period The air heated by heating devices (as lighter air) rises to the ceiling, and the cold air is located in the lower part of the room. The ceiling frame moves cold air upward, displacing heated air downward to the floor.
There is a uniform distribution of heat throughout the room. This allows you to reduce the temperature of the coolant in the heating system, which means saving money.
Ceiling installation
Anyone can install a ceiling fan with their own hands. Carefully read the manufacturer's instructions, especially the section regarding installation.
TO concrete base installation will not be difficult. To do this, use dowels and screws of suitable size.
For installation on (plasterboard, lath) or tension ones, it is necessary to provide, during the installation of the ceiling, special embedded elements, rigidly fixed to the main ceiling, to which (and not to the ceiling) the ceiling holder (whose weight can be more than 20 kg) will be attached ).
Advice. It is necessary to ensure clearances between the ceiling mounting parts and structural elements suspended ceiling (otherwise vibration from the electric motor will be transmitted to the ceiling, which will increase the noise level).
The ceiling can provide you with coolness even on the open veranda.
Built-in ceiling fans
A ceiling exhaust fan removes (exhausts) contaminated (humid) air from certain rooms (bathrooms, kitchens, garages and other utility rooms).
Through ventilation ducts (plastic round or rectangular, corrugated aluminum and others) this air is removed from the building to the outside. Only the receiving grille is located below the ceiling, and the engine itself with the impeller is located in the space behind the ceiling.
Ceiling ventilation allows you to create an extensive network of ventilation ducts connected to one exhaust fan (ducted or installed outside). Ventilation in slatted ceiling, tension or plasterboard is usually performed with special insulated air ducts to reduce noise.
Receiving grilles are installed using special shock-absorbing pads that dampen vibration.
Advice. When performing work on laying air ducts great attention Care should be taken to carefully seal them (especially if the ceilings are suspended).
In the photo - ventilation in a suspended ceiling
If there are gaps in the connections, the tension fabric will oscillate when the ventilation is turned on, due to the appearance of a pressure difference on both sides of the stretch ceiling. In order to avoid this undesirable effect, you can install (if the design allows) a through ventilation grille in the canvas (this will ensure equal pressure on both sides of the film).
Ceiling fan – modern solution to create comfortable conditions in various rooms your house. The video will show how to install such devices.
Summer has not yet arrived, but the heat in apartments is already making you think about buying an air conditioner. But air conditioning is not cheap and its installation requires highly qualified specialists. In addition, a modern split system cannot be used to cool an outdoor terrace. A worthy alternative in this case is a ceiling fan. It gently mixes the air without creating dangerous drafts, is inexpensive, and any owner can handle the installation. In this article we will talk about the types of ceiling fans, their design features, advantages and disadvantages.
Areas of use
The method of cooling a room with a fan is universal and can be used in different areas. Ceiling fans are used in industry to remove gases from a room, as well as for cooling and heating workshops. Some models are designed to clear a room of smoke in the event of a fire. Fans have found application in public buildings thanks to efficiency and lower energy costs compared to air conditioners. Ceiling fans are perhaps the only way to cool open terraces summer cafes. The fan does not change the temperature background and does not create drafts, so the body does not experience stress from the temperature difference between the street and the room. It is almost impossible to catch a cold using a fan. Ceiling fans with a lamp are often installed in apartments and cottages to cool bedrooms and living rooms, as well as outdoor verandas. Such models have a variety of designs, so choose a device for your interior different styles won't be difficult. Ceiling exhaust fans for the bathroom they do an excellent job of removing humid air. They are also used in basements and other rooms where there is no natural ventilation, to remove stagnant air.
Advantages
Among the main advantages of using fans in everyday life, the following should be noted:
- Ceiling fans can be used in summer and winter mode. In summer they redistribute colder air coming from open window, due to which the temperature in the room decreases. In winter, the fan “returns” the air that has risen from the radiators.
- Winter fan mode allows you to save on heating costs by increasing the efficiency of warm air distribution. Ceiling fans also use much less electricity than residential air conditioners.
- Fans can be used on open verandas and in gazebos.
- The device does not create drafts or temperature differences, so the risk of catching a cold is minimal.
- Exhaust models Fans are effective for quickly removing excessively humid or musty air from a room.
- no more difficult than a regular chandelier, so any owner can handle the job. In addition, installation does not require permission, unlike air conditioners with an external unit.
Flaws
The main disadvantage of ceiling fans is their noisy operation. The problem can be solved by balancing the device, but it will not be possible to completely get rid of the noise load. Therefore, before purchasing a fan, pay attention to the noise level of a particular model and the ability to adjust modes. The noise level should not exceed 30 decibels at maximum blade speed.
Design
A household ceiling fan consists of the following elements:
- Blades. They are made of plastic, metal, wood. Some fan models may have folding blades. Typically 3 to 6 blades are installed.
- Planks. With their help, the blades are attached to the body.
- Engine. Responsible for the rotation of the blades, speed and operating modes.
- Frame. The box contains the motor, wiring and controls for the device.
- Fasteners Designed for mounting the device to the ceiling. Includes barbell, hangers and decorative elements, which cover the fastening point.
- Lamp. All types of household lamps can be used in lamps: incandescent, fluorescent, halogen or LED.
- Switch. It can be stationary or in the form of a remote control.
Principle of operation
Suspended ceiling fans have an axial design and direct the air flow parallel to the axis of rotation of the blades. They can work in summer and winter modes. In summer, the blades direct the air downward. They mix the air in the room with cooler currents coming from the open window. Due to this, the temperature in the room decreases slightly. The cooling effect is based on increased evaporation of moisture from the skin surface.
According to the laws of physics, warm air rises, and a fan operating in winter mode lifts cold currents from the depths of the room and directs them to the ceiling. The air flows mix and thanks to this the room warms up faster. Winter mode allows you to save up to 30% of energy spent on heating.
Ceiling exhaust fans operate on a centrifugal principle. Air flow is picked up by the blades and moves in the radial direction relative to the axis of rotation of the impeller. They “suck” air from the room into ventilation ducts. Due to the resulting pressure difference Fresh air begins to enter the room through doors, windows, cracks, channels supply ventilation.
Hanging fan
The hanging model is considered classic. It is attached to mounting plate with a special hook. The body with the blades is spaced from the ceiling by the length of the rod. The size of the rod may vary depending on the height of the ceilings. For ease of use and efficient operation of the device, it should be installed so that the lowest point of the structure is no lower than 215 cm from the floor. If you plan to install the hanging fan in suspended ceiling a wooden underlay should be provided between the base ceiling and tension fabric. The device can operate on a 220 W or 12 W network, depending on the model and purpose. In the latter case, the device operates through a voltage-stepping transformer.
The fan body and blades can be made of metal, plastic or wood. The device impeller has three spans standard sizes: 30, 42 and 52 inches. The first one is suitable for small rooms up to 9 sq. m. A fan with a blade span of 42 inches will be effective for rooms up to 16 square meters. m. And a device with a blade span of 52 inches is used in large rooms, common living rooms, studio apartments up to 32 sq. m. Devices intended for outdoor use have high degree weather protection. They are marked with the index IP65-IP67, where the first digit indicates the level of protection from dust, and the second - from moisture.
Chandelier fan
The ceiling fan model with lamp has earned recognition due to its versatility. Both the fan and the chandelier should be placed in the center of the room or designated area. It is not possible to ergonomically place two devices on the ceiling, since part of the room will be poorly lit, and the other part will not be blown by a fan. Additionally, the fan blades will create moving shadows when both appliances are turned on. The optimal solution for such cases is ceiling lamp with fan. The design of the device is similar to a hanging fan and is complemented by a lamp at the bottom. Such a device will not obscure the space when the overhead lighting and impeller are turned on at the same time. All types of household lamps can be used in the ceiling fan with chandelier. They are considered the most economical and safest LED bulbs. The speed of rotation of the blades and the intensity of the light flux are adjusted using the remote control. This device can be used as a night light. Some models have color lighting modules installed. Fans with a lamp and a sealed housing can also be used to illuminate open terraces and verandas.
Exhaust fan
Such models are usually built into tension or suspended ceiling and connect to ventilation system Houses. Outside there is only decorative lattice. Install ceiling exhaust fans in the bathroom, toilet, basement and other rooms that require forced ventilation. Such devices effectively and quickly remove gas exchange products, steam and stale air from the room. Bathroom ceiling fans have 3-5 blade rotation speeds and a sealed housing with a moisture protection rating of at least IP65.
Additional functions
Manufacturers often equip domestic fans additional functions designed to increase the efficiency of the device, reduce energy costs or increase the level of user comfort:
- The remote control allows you to adjust the speed and operating modes of the fan, as well as control the lighting.
- The presence sensor turns the fan on if there are people in the room, and turns it off if the room is empty. The device allows you to save up to 40% of electricity. Such devices have proven themselves well in bathrooms.
- The humidity sensor automatically turns on the exhaust fan when steam accumulates in the bathroom, dressing room or bathhouse.
- The timer allows you to set the operating modes of the device for a period of up to a week. Can be programmed to work high speed during the hottest hours and minimum airflow intensity at night.
- Ceiling fans with LED lights sometimes have a battery installed that allows the lamp to operate for up to several hours in the event of a power outage.
Setup, operation and care
Sometimes after installing the fan it starts to make a lot of noise. The problem is solved by balancing. In hardware stores you can purchase a special balancing kit and use it to equalize the weight of the blades.
The ceiling fan is quite easy to operate and maintain. It is only necessary to periodically wipe the impeller and housing from dust. The accumulation of dust on the blades leads to imbalance of the device and an increase in noise level.
Ceiling fans are a good alternative to air conditioners in places where installing air conditioners is not practical. They consume less electricity, do not create temperature differences, and can be used on open verandas and in summer cafes. Ceiling fans can operate in summer and winter modes. The latter allows you to more efficiently distribute the heat of radiators and save on heating. Built-in exhaust fans are used in bathrooms and basements to quickly remove gas exchange products and moist air.
The summer heat forces a person to take a different look at their environment - if in winter few people think about the issue of lowering the air temperature in an apartment or house, then in the summer this issue becomes very relevant. Traditionally, it is solved by installing an air conditioner, but besides it, there are a number of other devices that allow you to reduce the air temperature in the room - this is a fan, which can be portable, floor or ceiling. In this article we will talk about this type of ceiling device - together with the website, we will study its varieties, get acquainted with their features and consider the question of how to install a ceiling fan with your own hands?
Installation of ceiling fans photo
Types of ceiling fans: what they are and where they are used
If we consider the ceiling fan globally and do not get into such differences as power and design, then all existing models can be divided into five groups.
Naturally, these are not all the differences that ceiling fans can boast of. For example, combined devices of this type can be classified into a separate category. For domestic and industrial needs, quite often such devices combine both a chandelier and a fan - for rooms this is generally perfect option. In addition, almost all of the ceiling-type fan installations listed above may differ in a different set of functionality - we should talk about this in a little more detail, which we will do next.
DIY ceiling fan photo
Ceiling Fan: Additional Functionality
Before purchasing and installing a ceiling fan with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with additional features These devices - by and large, they are not small, and their presence will not harm anyone. Quite the contrary - every additional quality will greatly simplify the life of the owner of such an installation. Some of the most commonly used fan add-ons include the following features.
All these additions have one wonderful point - even if they are not included in the ceiling fan model you like, they can always be purchased separately and integrated into the device through simple manipulations. For any electrician this is a very simple matter. Alternatively, upon purchase of this device to ventilate the room you can order necessary set functional additions.
How to install a ceiling fan with your own hands: installation features
Have you ever installed it yourself? If yes, then solving the question of how to install a ceiling fan with your own hands will not cause you any problems. Everything is extremely simple and clear, and the entire installation process of this device can be divided into two parts.
Things are somewhat more complicated with connecting a fan combined with a chandelier. In principle, there is nothing complicated here, if you figure out which wires belong to which device - usually this point is marked, but if there are no marks, then everything can be determined experimentally. In addition, every manufacturer that respects itself and its consumers completes its devices with instructions according to which almost every person can connect ceiling fans.
It should also be mentioned that there may be two schemes for connecting the fan to the power supply network - in one case they are connected to the wiring according to the chandelier principle (they need a separate switch), and in the other case they can be connected according to the sconce principle (they do not need a separate switch). needed). The shutdown device is built into the fan and controlled via a remote control. Considering that remote controls tend to get lost, it is better to resort to a connection diagram that involves using a separate switch - in this situation, you can use both the key and the remote control. It turns out to be a kind of universal option.
And to conclude the topic about how to make a ceiling fan with your own hands, I will say a few words about connecting the device with additional accessories– they scare many people, especially if the fan is sold completely disassembled, which happens quite often. Let's face it - if this scares you, then hire a specialist, or best of all, buy a fan with an assembled electrical diagram. As a rule, such devices for ventilation of rooms have only a couple of wires at the output, which were mentioned above.
Throughout the long winter, we look forward to pleasant summer days, and with the onset of hot weather, for some reason we begin to dream of coolness. How delightfully a light breeze created by a small homemade fan. Plus, making it is incredibly fun, right?
We invite you to familiarize yourself with step by step instructions on assembling the simplest effective devices from literally waste raw materials. The article presented to your attention describes in detail how to make a fan with your own hands and what a home craftsman will need for this.
At your disposal detailed description manufacturing options whose effects have been tested in practice. You can make such devices yourself without having any experience at all. For a complete understanding of the information, attached step by step photos and video instructions.
The simplest fan can be made from CD discs. It can be used, for example, to locally influence a user who for a long time spends time at the computer.
Let's prepare starting materials to do the job:
- CD discs – 2 pcs.;
- low-power motor;
- wine bottle cork;
- cable with USB plug;
- a tube or rectangle made of thick cardboard;
- soldering iron;
- candle or lighter, hot glue;
- pencil, ruler, squared paper.
For our purposes, you can use a motor from old toy, for example, from a typewriter. A toilet paper roll slightly decorated with decorative finishing paper can be used as a cardboard tube.
The main advantage of this model is that almost any do-it-yourselfer will have all the materials needed for its manufacture.
The assembly process of the mini fan is quite simple.
Let's take one of the CDs and use a marker to divide its surface into eight equal sections. The easiest way to do this is to use a sheet of checkered paper.
Draw a cross on it from a horizontal and vertical line. We divide each of the four resulting right angles in half. Using cells, this is not difficult to do.
Using a very simple method using a checkered piece of paper, we can achieve the ideal layout of the disk into eight equal sectors
We place a disk on our drawing so that the intersecting lines are in the very center of its hole. Alternately applying a ruler to the lines diverging from the center, we make markings on the disk. This way the sections will be the same.
To divide the disk into blades, follow the marking lines with a soldering iron from the transparent part to the edge.
You can also use scissors for cutting, but there is a danger that the workpiece will crack during the process. If you don’t have a soldering iron, you need to use a knife preheated on the stove. When working with a soldering iron, deposited plastic is formed along the edges of the cut, which can be easily removed with a knife.
Cutting a disk with a soldering iron is the most effective method, in which the workpiece will not crack or deform, and the remnants of the deposited plastic can be easily removed with a knife
We heat the surface of the disk over the flame of a burning candle so that the blades can be slightly expanded. If you don't have a candle, a lighter or a soldering iron will do.
The central part of the disk should be heated, and all blades should be turned in the same direction. Place in the disc hole wine cork. To fix it better, you need to pre-treat the edges of the hole with hot glue.
The USB cable must be connected to the motor. If we don’t guess the direction of rotation of the propeller, we can swap the reins, that is, change the polarity.
The motor needs to be glued to a cardboard tube, and the tube itself to a second CD, which will act as the base of the stand.
When the plug is installed in the hole, the stand from the second CD and cardboard tube, as well as the connecting device are already assembled, it is very important to correctly fit the propeller onto the motor shaft
Now the propeller needs to be “planted” on the rod of the future fan. We will try to make sure that it is installed strictly in the center. You can secure it in this position using hot glue.
After all work is completed, the fan is ready for use.
Although the construction of this device will not take you much time, the result of the work performed will undoubtedly please you
How to make something similar, but a little more complex design Having included a regulator in the circuit, look at the video posted at the end of this article.
Do you find these homemade instructions complicated? Then you may be interested in information about and rules for choosing them in order to purchase a ready-made device offered by household appliance manufacturers.
Fan based on a plastic bottle
What our craftsmen don’t do from plastic bottles! The time has come to say that they also make a very good fan. It may not ventilate your entire room, but it will definitely help those who have to work at a computer.
We offer two options for creating such a fan model.
Option #1 – hard plastic model
To complete the work we will need:
- plastic bottle with a capacity of 1.5 liters;
- a motor from an old toy;
- small switch;
- Duracell battery;
- marker;
- scissors;
- candle;
- hammer and nail;
- Styrofoam;
- hot glue gun.
So, let's take the ordinary one plastic bottle 1.5 liters with plug. At the level of the label line, cut it off top part. This is exactly what we need to make the propeller. We divide the surface of the plastic blank into six parts.
We try to mark it out so that we get equal sectors: the quality of operation of the future device depends on this.
We cut the workpiece along the markings almost to the neck. We bend the blades of the future propeller and cut off every second of them. We are left with a blank with three blades equidistant from each other. The edges of each blade must be rounded. We do this carefully.
To remove those parts of the blades that are closer to the neck of the workpiece, it is better to use a utility knife; do not forget to round the edges of the blades
Now we will need a small candle. Let's light it up. We heat each blade at the base on it to turn it in the direction we need. All blades must be turned in the same direction. Remove the lid from the workpiece and punch a hole in the very center using a nail and hammer.
We place the plug on the rod of a small motor. Such motors can remain from old children's toys. As a rule, getting them is not difficult. Secure the cork with glue.
Now you need to make a base on which the motor will rest. For this purpose, we take, for example, a piece of polystyrene foam. We attach a rectangle to it, which can also be cut out of foam packaging.
Our motor, to which the propeller is attached, will be fixed on the upper surface of this rectangle. To do this, you need to make a recess in the foam that corresponds to the parameters of the motor.
Hot melt adhesive is used to secure the elements of the product. If it is unavailable, other adhesives can be used. It is important that the fastening itself is as reliable as possible.