Biography and episodes of life Anna Akhmatova. When born and died Anna Akhmatova, memorable places and dates important events her life. Quotes from the poetess, Photo and video.
Years of Anna Akhmatova's life:
born June 11, 1889, died March 5, 1966
Epitaph
“Akhmatova was bi-temporal.
It’s somehow not appropriate to cry about her.
I couldn't believe it when she lived
I couldn’t believe it when she passed away.”
Evgeny Yevtushenko, from the poem “In Memory of Akhmatova”
Biography
Anna Akhmatova is the greatest Russian poetess not only and not so much Silver Age, but also of all times in principle. Her talent was as bright and original as her fate was difficult. The wife and mother of enemies of the people, the author of “anti-Soviet” poems, Akhmatova survived the arrests of her closest people, the days of the siege in Leningrad, KGB surveillance, and bans on the publication of her works. Some of her poems were not published for many years after her death. And at the same time, even during her lifetime, Akhmatova was recognized as a classic of Russian literature.
Anna Akhmatova (nee Gorenko) was born in Odessa, in the family of a naval mechanical engineer. She began writing poetry early and, since her father forbade her to sign them with her own surname, she chose her great-grandmother’s surname as a pseudonym. After the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo and Anna entered Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum her first love was St. Petersburg: Akhmatova’s fate was forever connected with this city.
IN pre-revolutionary Russia Akhmatova managed to become famous. Her first collections were published in considerable editions at that time. But in post-revolutionary Russia there was no place for such poems. And then it only got worse: the arrest of the only son of the poetess, historian Lev Gumilyov, the Great Patriotic War and the siege of Leningrad... In the post-war years, Akhmatova’s position never became stronger. In the official resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, she was called “a typical representative of empty, unprincipled poetry alien to the people.” Her son was again sent to a correctional camp.
But Akhmatova’s tragedy, which was embodied in her “Requiem” and other poems, was more than the tragedy of one person: it was the tragedy of an entire people, who suffered a monstrous number of shocks and trials over several decades. “No generation has had such a fate,” Akhmatova wrote. But the poetess did not leave Russia, did not separate her fate from the fate of her country, but continued to describe what she saw and felt. The result was some of the first poems about Soviet repressions that have seen the light. The young girl, whose poems, as Akhmatova herself later said, “were only suitable for lyceum students in love,” has come a long way.
Anna Akhmatova, who died of heart failure in Domodedovo, was buried in the cemetery in Komarovo, where her famous “Budka” house was located. At first a simple wooden cross was placed on the grave, as the poetess herself wanted, but in 1969 it was replaced with a metal one. The tombstone was created by Akhmatova’s son, L. Gumilyov, making it look like a prison wall in memory of how his mother came to him during the years of imprisonment.
Life line
June 11 (June 23, old style) 1889 Date of birth of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova.
1890 Transfer to Tsarskoe Selo.
1900 Admission to the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium.
1906-1907
1908-1910 Study at the Higher Women's Courses in Kyiv and historical and literary courses in St. Petersburg.
1910 Marriage to Nikolai Gumilyov.
1906-1907 Studying at the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium in Kyiv.
1911 Publication of the first poem under the name of Anna Akhmatova.
1912 Publication of the collection “Evening”. Birth of son Lev Gumilyov.
1914 Publication of the collection “Rosary Beads”.
1918 Divorce from N. Gumilyov, marriage to Vladimir Shileiko.
1921 Parting with V. Shileiko, execution of N. Gumilyov.
1922 Civil marriage with Nikolai Punin.
1923 Akhmatova's poems are no longer published.
1924 Moving to the "Fountain House".
1938 The son of the poetess, L. Gumilyov, was arrested and sentenced to 5 years in the camps. Parting with N. Punin.
1935-1940 Creation of the autobiographical poem "Requiem".
1949 Re-arrest of L. Gumilyov, sentenced to another 10 years in the camps.
1964 Receiving the Etna-Taormina Prize in Italy.
1965 Receiving an honorary doctorate from Oxford University.
March 5, 1966 Date of death of Anna Akhmatova.
March 10, 1966 Funeral of Anna Akhmatova at the Komarovskoye cemetery near Leningrad.
Memorable places
1. House No. 78 on Fontan Road in Odessa (formerly 11 ½ station of the Bolshoi Fontan), where Anna Akhmatova was born.
2. House No. 17 on Leontyevskaya Street in Pushkin (Tsarskoe Selo), where Anna Akhmatova lived while studying at the Lyceum.
3. House No. 17 in Tuchkov Lane, where the poetess lived with N. Gumilyov in 1912-1914.
4. “Fountain House” (No. 34 on the Fontanka River embankment), now a memorial museum of the poetess.
5. House No. 17, building 1 on Bolshaya Ordynka Street in Moscow, where Akhmatova lived during her visits to the capital from 1938 to 1966. from the writer Viktor Ardov.
6. House No. 54 on the street. Sadyk Azimov (formerly V.I. Zhukovsky St.) in Tashkent, where Akhmatova lived in 1942-1944.
7. House No. 3 on the street. Osipenko in the village of Komarovo, where the famous dacha of Akhmatova (“Booth”) was located, in which the creative intelligentsia had gathered since 1955.
8. St. Nicholas Cathedral in St. Petersburg, where the church funeral service for Anna Akhmatova took place.
9. Cemetery in Komarovo, where the poetess is buried.
Episodes of life
The poems of the young Akhmatova were created in the spirit of Acmeism, a literary movement whose ideologist was N. Gumilyov. In contrast to symbolism, the Acmeists prioritized concreteness, materiality and accuracy of descriptions.
Akhmatova separated from her first husband, Nikolai Gumilev, long before his arrest and execution, and from her third, Nikolai Punin, before he was sent to the camp. The poetess’s greatest pain was the fate of her son, Lev, and all the time that he spent in the Leningrad Kresty prison and then in the camp, she did not stop trying to get him out of there.
The funeral service of Anna Akhmatova in St. Nicholas Cathedral, the civil memorial service and the funeral of the poetess were secretly filmed by director S. D. Aranovich. Subsequently, these materials were used to create documentary film"Personal file of Anna Akhmatova."
Testaments
“I didn’t stop writing poetry. For me, they contain my connection with time, with new life my people. When I wrote them, I lived by the rhythms that sounded in the heroic history of my country. I am happy that I lived during these years and saw events that had no equal.”
“The funeral hour has approached again
I see, I hear, I feel you
And I’m not praying for myself alone,
And about everyone who stood there with me.”
Documentary film “Personal file of Anna Akhmatova”
Condolences
“Not only did the unique voice fall silent, but last days bringing the secret power of harmony into the world, the unique Russian culture, which existed from the first songs of Pushkin to the last songs of Akhmatova, completed its circle with him.”
Publisher and culturologist Nikita Struve
“Every year she became more majestic. She didn’t care about it at all; it came naturally to her. In the entire half century that we knew each other, I don’t remember a single pleading, ingratiating, petty or pitiful smile on her face.”
Korney Chukovsky, writer, poet, publicist
“Akhmatova created a lyric system - one of the most remarkable in the history of poetry, but she never thought of lyrics as a spontaneous outpouring of the soul.”
Writer and literary critic Lydia Ginzburg
“Sadness was, indeed, the most characteristic expression on Akhmatova’s face. Even when she smiled. And this enchanting sadness made her face especially beautiful. Every time I saw her, listened to her reading or talked to her, I could not tear myself away from her face: her eyes, lips, all her harmony were also a symbol of poetry.”
Artist Yuri Annenkov
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova(surname at birth - Gorenko; June 11 (23), 1889, Odessa, Russian empire- March 5, 1966, Domodedovo, Moscow region, RSFSR, USSR) - one of the most famous Russian poets of the 20th century, writer, literary critic, literary critic, translator.Her fate was tragic. Three of her relatives were subjected to repression (her husband in 1910-1918 was shot in 1921; Nikolai Punin, the third common-law husband (the marriage was not officially registered), was arrested three times, died in a camp in 1953; her only son Lev Gumilyov spent imprisoned in the 1930s-1940s and in the 1940s-1950s for more than 10 years). The grief of the widow and mother of “enemies of the people” is reflected in one of Akhmatova’s most famous works - the poem “Requiem”.
Autograph
Recognized as a classic of Russian poetry back in the 1920s, Akhmatova was subjected to silence, censorship and persecution (including the 1946 resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, which was not repealed during her lifetime); many of her works were not published not only during the author’s lifetime, but also for more than two decades after her death. Even during her lifetime, her name was surrounded by fame among poetry admirers both in the USSR and in exile.
Biography
Born in the Odessa district of Bolshoi Fontan in the family of a hereditary nobleman, retired naval mechanical engineer A. A. Gorenko (1848-1915), 
who became (after moving to the capital) a collegiate assessor, an official for special assignments of the State Control. Her mother, Inna Erasmovna Stogova (1856-1930), was distantly related to Anna Bunina, considered the first Russian poetess. By his ancestor maternal line Akhmatova considered the Horde Khan Akhmat, on whose behalf she later formed her pseudonym.
In 1890 the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo. Here Akhmatova became a student at the Mariinsky Gymnasium, but spent every summer near Sevastopol, where she received the nickname “wild girl” for her courage and willfulness. In her own words: “I got the nickname “wild girl” because I walked barefoot, wandered around without a hat, etc., threw myself off a boat into the open sea, swam during a storm, and sunbathed until my skin peeled off, and “All this shocked the provincial Sevastopol young ladies.” 
Recalling her childhood, the poetess wrote: “My first memories are those of Tsarskoye Selo: the green, damp splendor of the parks, the pasture where my nanny took me, the hippodrome where little colorful horses galloped, the old train station and something else that was later included in the “Ode of Tsarskoye Selo.” I spent every summer near Sevastopol, on the shore of Streletskaya Bay, and there I became friends with the sea. The strongest impression of these years was the ancient Chersonesus, near which we lived,” A. Akhmatova. Briefly about yourself.
Akhmatova recalled that she learned to read from Leo Tolstoy’s alphabet. At the age of five, listening to the teacher teach older children, she learned to speak French. In St. Petersburg, the future poetess found the “edge of the era” in which Pushkin lived; At the same time, she also remembered St. Petersburg “pre-tram, horse-drawn, horse-drawn, horse-drawn, horse-drawn, rumbling and grinding, covered from head to toe with signs.” As N. Struve wrote, “The last great representative of the great Russian noble culture, Akhmatova absorbed all this culture and transformed it into music.” 
She published her first poem in 1911. In her youth she joined the Acmeists (collections “Evening”, 1912, “Rosary”, 1914). Characteristics Akhmatova’s creativity can be called fidelity to the moral foundations of existence, a subtle understanding of the psychology of feeling, comprehension of the national tragedies of the 20th century, coupled with personal experiences, a gravitation towards classic style poetic language.
The autobiographical poem “Requiem” (1935-40; first published in Munich in 1963, in the USSR in 1987) is one of the first poetic works, dedicated to the victims of repression of the 1930s.
In “Poem without a Hero” (1940-1965, fully published in 1976) - A.A. Akhmatova recreated the era of the “Silver Age” of Russian literature in relation to the time of its writing. The poem has outstanding significance as an example of modern poetry. It echoes the novel by M.A. Bulgakov’s “The Master and Margarita” (Anna Andreevna read the novel while being evacuated in Tashkent).
In addition to poetic works, Akhmatova has written wonderful articles about the works of A. S. Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov, memories of his contemporaries. Anna Andreevna gave a negative assessment to the novel by B.L. Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago".
Beginning in 1922, Anna Akhmatova's books were subject to censorship. This should be kept in mind when reading collections of her poems published from 1922 to 1966. Until 1964 she was “restricted to travel.”
The first fairly complete and scientifically commented posthumous publication: Anna Akhmatova. Poems and poems. L., 1976. Edited by Academician V. M. Zhirmunsky. Large series of the Poet's Library.
Anna Akhmatova's poems have been translated into many languages.
The translator Ignatius Ivanovsky, who knew Akhmatova well, wrote about her: “... I involuntarily, with peripheral vision, observed with what conviction and subtle art Akhmatova created her own legend - as if she surrounded herself with a strong magnetic field.
A potion of premonitions, coincidences, personal signs, fatal accidents, secret dates, non-meetings, three-hundred-year-old trifles was constantly boiling in the witch’s cauldron. The cauldron was hidden from the reader. But if it had not been boiling forever, could Akhmatova at any moment have drawn from it, put unexpected poetic power into the most insignificant detail?
Life and art
1900 - 1905 - study at the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium, then a year in Evpatoria.
1906 - 1907 - study at the Kyiv Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. Among the teachers is the future famous philosopher G. G. Shpe, mathematician Yu. A. Kistyakovsky.
1908 - 1910 - studying at the Kyiv Higher Women's Courses and at the Raev Higher Historical and Literary Courses in St. Petersburg. She wrote her first poem at the age of 11. Her father forbade her to sign poems with the surname Gorenko, and she took the maiden name of her great-grandmother on the female side, Praskovya Fedoseevna Akhmatova (in marriage, Motovilova), who died in 1837. On her father’s side, Praskovya Fedoseevna came from an old noble family of the Chagadayev princes (known since the 16th century), and on her mother’s side, from the ancient Tatar family of the Akhmatovs, which Russified in the 17th century.
1910 - in April she married N. Gumilyov.
1910 - 1912 - I’ve been to Paris twice and traveled around Italy. The impressions from these trips and from meeting Amedeo Modigliani in Paris had a noticeable impact on the poetess’s work.
1911 - first publications under the name “Anna Akhmatova” (previously, in 1907, under the signature “Anna G.” Gumilyov published her poem “On his hand there are many shiny rings...” in the magazine “Sirius” that he published. The magazine was not successful and almost immediately ceased to exist).
1912 - in March the first book was published - the collection “Evening”, published by the “Workshop of Poets” with a circulation of 300 copies. In October, a son was born - Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov.
1914 - in the spring, “The Rosary” was first published by the publishing house “Hyperborey” in a considerable circulation for those times - 1000 copies. Until 1923, there were 8 more reprints.
1917 - the third book “White Flock” with a circulation of 2000 copies. in the publishing house "Hyperborey".
1918 in August she divorced Gumilyov, after which she married the Assyriologist scientist and poet V.K. Shileiko.
1921 In April, the Petropolis publishing house published the collection “Plantain” with a circulation of 1000 copies. In the summer, she broke up with V.K. Shileiko. On the night of August 3-4, Nikolai Gumilyov was arrested and then, three weeks later, executed. In October, the fifth book “Anno Domini MCMXXI” (Latin: “In the Summer of the Lord 1921”) was published by the Petropolis publishing house.
1922 - actually became the wife of art critic N.N. Punin.
1924 - settled in the “Fountain House”.
June 8, 1926- a divorce was filed with V.K. Shileiko, who was planning to enter into a second marriage with V.K. Andreeva. During the divorce, she officially received the surname Akhmatova for the first time (previously, according to documents, she bore the surnames of her husbands).
October 22, 1935- arrested, and a week later N.N. Punin and L.N. Gumilyov were released.
1938 - son L. N. Gumilyov was arrested and sentenced to 5 years in forced labor camps.
From 1923 to 1934 almost never published. According to the testimony of L.K. Chukovskaya (“Notes about Anna Akhmatova”), many poems of those years were lost during travel and during evacuation. Akhmatova herself, in her note “Briefly about myself” in 1965, wrote about it this way: “Since the mid-20s, my new poems have almost stopped being published, and my old ones have almost stopped being reprinted.”
1935-1940 - the poem “Requiem” was written.
1938 - broke up with N.N. Punin.
1939 - admitted to the Union of Soviet Writers.
1940 - new, sixth collection: “From six books.”
1941 - I met the war in Leningrad. On September 28, at the insistence of doctors, she was evacuated first to Moscow, then to Chistopol, and from there through Kazan to Tashkent. A collection of poems by Anna Akhmatova was published in Tashkent.
1943 - Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov’s sentence in the Norilsk camp has ended. His exile in the Arctic began. At the end of 1944, he volunteered for the front, reached Berlin, and after the war returned to Leningrad and defended his dissertation.
1944, summer- severance of relations with V.G. Garshin.
1946 - Resolution of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on the magazines “Zvezda” and “Leningrad” dated August 14, 1946, in which the work of Anna Akhmatova and Mikhail Zoshchenko was sharply criticized. Both of them were expelled from the Union of Soviet Writers. Subsequently, Anna Andreevna, as L.K. testified. Chukovskaya said that she agreed with the Resolution and with the assessment made in this regard by A.A. Zhdanov.
1949 - August 26 N. N. Punin was arrested. On November 6, L.N. Gumilyov was arrested. Sentence: 10 years in camps. During all the years of her son's arrest, Anna Akhmatova did not give up trying to rescue him. From 1935 until the final release of Lev Nikolaevich, the poetess was extremely careful in her public statements. Possibly an attempt to demonstrate loyalty Soviet power was the publication of the cycle of poems “Glory to the World” (1950). Subsequently, Akhmatova did not include this cycle in her collections.
1951 - January 19, at the suggestion of A.A. Fadeev A.A. Akhmatova was reinstated in the Union of Soviet Writers.
1953 - in August N. N. Punin died in the Abez camp (Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic).
1954 - in December participated in the Second Congress of the Union of Soviet Writers.
1956 - returned from prison rehabilitated after the 20th Congress of L.N. Gumilyov, who mistakenly believed that his mother did not make enough efforts to free him; from that time on, relations between them were tense.
1958 - the collection “Poems” was published
1964 - In Italy she received the Etna-Taormina Prize.
1965 - Honorary Doctorate from Oxford University. The collection “The Running of Time” has been published.
1966 March 5- died in a sanatorium in Domodedovo (Moscow region) in the presence of doctors and nurses who came to the ward to examine her and take a cardiogram.
March 7 - at 22:00 The All-Union Radio broadcast a message about the death of the outstanding poetess Anna Akhmatova. She was buried in the cemetery in Komarovo near Leningrad. L.N. Gumilyov, when he was building a monument to his mother together with his students, collected stones for the wall wherever he could. They laid the wall themselves - this is a symbol of the wall under which his mother stood with parcels for her son at “Crosses”. Where the bas-relief of Akhmatova is now, there was originally a niche similar to a prison window; It is symbolic that later this embrasure was covered with bas-relief. Initially, the cross was made of wood, as Anna Andreevna bequeathed. The authorities planned to erect a monument in the form of a traditional pyramid at the grave.
Addresses
In Odessa
1889 - born at 11 ½ station of the Bolshoi Fontan in a dacha rented by her family. The current address is Fontanskaya road, 78.
In St. Petersburg
The whole life of A.A. Akhmatova was connected with St. Petersburg. She began writing poetry in her gymnasium years, at the Tsarskoye Selo Mariinsky Gymnasium, where she studied. The building has survived (2005), this is house 17 on Leontyevskaya Street. 1910 - gets married to Gumilyov.
1910-1912 - Tsarskoe Selo, Malaya Street, house number 64. They live with Gumilyov’s mother (the house has not survived, now it is a site of house number 57 on Malaya Street). The house stood opposite the building of the Nikolaev men's classical gymnasium;
1912-1914 - Tuchkov lane, building 17, apt. 29; lived with Nikolai Gumilyov. From Akhmatova’s poems you can guess this address:
...I am quiet, cheerful, lived
On a low island that's like a raft
Stayed in the lush Neva Delta
Oh, mysterious winter days,
And sweet work, and slight fatigue,
And roses in the wash jug!
The lane was snowy and short,
And opposite the door to us is the altar wall
The Church of St. Catherine was erected.
Gumilyov and Akhmatova affectionately called their small cozy home “Tuchka”. They then lived in apartment 29 of building No. 17. It was one room with windows overlooking the alley. The lane overlooked the Malaya Neva... This was Gumilyov’s first independent address in St. Petersburg; before that he lived with his parents. In 1912, when they settled on Tuchka, Anna Andreevna published her first book of poems, Evening. Having already declared herself a poetess, she went to sessions in Altman’s workshop, which was located nearby, on Tuchkova Embankment.
Anna Andreevna will leave here. And in the fall of 1913, leaving his son in the care of Gumilyov’s mother, he returned here to “Tuchka” to continue creating on the “snowy and short lane.” From “Tuchka” she escorts Nikolai Stepanovich to the theater of military operations of the First World War. He will come on vacation and stop not at Tuchka, but at 10, Fifth Line, in Shileiko’s apartment.
1914-1917 - Tuchkova embankment, 20, apt. 29;
1915 - Bolshaya Pushkarskaya, no. 3. In April - May 1915, she rented a room in this house; her notes mention that she called this house "The Pagoda".
1917-1918 - apartment of Vyacheslav and Valeria Sreznevsky - Botkinskaya street, 9;
1918 - Shileiko’s apartment - house No. 34 on the Fontanka embankment, this is the Sheremetyev Palace or “Fountain House”;
1919-1920 - Khalturina street, 5; two-room apartment on the second floor of a service building on the corner of Millionnaya Street and Suvorovskaya Square;
spring 1921 - E. N. Naryshkina's mansion - Sergievskaya street, 7, apt. 12; and then house number 18 on the Fontanka embankment, the apartment of friend O. A. Glebova-Sudeikina;
1921 - sanatorium - Detskoe Selo, Kolpinskaya street, 1;
1922-1923 - apartment building- Kazanskaya street, 4;
end of 1923 - beginning of 1924 - Kazanskaya street, 3;
summer - autumn 1924-1925 - embankment of the Fontanka River, 2; the house stands opposite the Summer Garden at the source of the Fontanka, flowing from the Neva;
autumn 1924 - 02.1952 - courtyard wing of the palace of D. N. Sheremetev (N. N. Punin’s apartment) - embankment of the Fontanka River, 34, apt. 44 (“Fountain House”). Akhmatova’s guests had to receive passes at the entrance of the Institute of the Arctic and Antarctic, which at that time was located there; Akhmatova herself had a permanent pass with the seal of the “Northern Sea Route”, where “tenant” is indicated in the “position” column;
summer 1944 - Kutuzov embankment, fourth floor of building No. 12, Rybakovs’ apartment, during the renovation of the apartment in the Fountain House;
02.1952 - 1961 - apartment building - Red Cavalry Street, 4, apt. 3;
The last years of his life, house No. 34 on Lenin Street, where apartments were provided to many poets, writers, literary scholars, and critics;
1955-1966 - Komarovo, Osipenko Street, 3. Rented a dacha (“Budka”), where she lived in the summer;
In Moscow
Bolshaya Ordynka Street, 17
In Tashkent
In Komarov
“Crosses”, view from the Neva
In 1955, when Akhmatova’s poems began to appear in print again. The literary fund provided it to her in Komarovo on Osipenko Street, 3 small house, which she herself called “The Booth”. The dacha became a center of attraction for the creative intelligentsia. Dmitry Likhachev, Lydia Chukovskaya, Faina Ranevskaya, Nathan Altman, Alexander Prokofiev, Mark Ermler and many others have been here. Young poets also came, calling themselves a “magic choir”: Anatoly Naiman, Evgeny Rein, Dmitry Bobyshev, Joseph Brodsky.
While the “booth” was being improved in 1955, Anna Andreevna lived with her friends the Gitovichs at 36, 2nd Dachnaya Street.
In 2004, the dacha was restored. In 2008, the building was robbed (no previous robbery attempts had been recorded).
In 2013, on June 22 (the Saturday closest to her birthday), on Osipenko Street, next to the famous “Budka”, where Anna Andreevna lived, the 8th traditional literary and musical evening in memory of the poet took place.
Portraits
The picturesque portrait of Anna Akhmatova, painted by K. S. Petrov-Vodkin in 1922, is known.
N. I. Altman painted a portrait of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova in 1914. The artist O. L. Della-Vos-Kardovskaya wrote about Altman’s work: “The portrait, in my opinion, is too scary. Akhmatova is somehow green, bony, there are cubic planes on her face and background, but behind all this she looks similar, looks terribly similar, somehow disgusting in some negative sense...” The artist’s daughter, E. D. Kardovskaya, believes, that: “But no matter how much I like the Akhmatova portrait of my mother from the artistic side, I still think that Akhmatova is the way her friends knew her - poets, admirers of those years, Akhmatova is “clearly” conveyed not in this portrait, but in portrait by Altman."
Many artists wrote and painted about Akhmatova, including Amedeo Modigliani (1911; the most beloved portrait of Akhmatova, always in her room), N. Ya. Danko (sculptural portraits, 1924, 1926), T. N. Glebova (1934), V. Milashevsky (1921), Y. Annenkov (1921), L. A. Bruni (1922), N. Tyrsa (1928), G. Vereisky (1929), N. Kogan (1930), B. V. Anrep ( 1952), G. Nemenova (1960-1963), A. Tyshler (1943). Less known are her lifetime silhouettes drawn in 1936 in Voronezh by S. B. Rudakov.
* There are streets named after A. Akhmatova in Tsarskoe Selo, Kaliningrad, Odessa, Kyiv, Tashkent and Moscow.
Akhmatova evening meetings, evenings of memory dedicated to Anna Andreevna’s birthday - June 25 - have become a good tradition in the village of Komarovo. They are held on the weekend closest to the date on the threshold of the famous “Booth”, where Akhmatova lived.
On June 11, 2009, an evening dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the birth of Anna Akhmatova was held at the University of Malaya (Kuala Lumpur).
On November 25, 2011, the premiere of the musical performance “Memory of the Sun,” dedicated to Anna Akhmatova, took place at the Moscow International House of Music. The performance was created by singer Nina Shatskaya and actress Olga Kabo.
On July 17, 2007, in Kolomna, a memorial plaque was unveiled on the wall of an old mansion in honor of A. Akhmatova’s visit to the city on July 16, 1936, who lived that summer nearby at the Shervinsky dacha on the banks of the Oka, on the outskirts of the village of Cherkizovo. Anna Andreevna dedicated the poem “Near Kolomna” to the Shervinskys.
The Anna Akhmatova motor ship sails along the Moscow River.
At the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, astronomers L. G. Karachkina and L. V. Zhuravleva named the small planet they discovered on October 14, 1982 (3067) Akhmatova.
In Odessa, at the beginning of the alley leading to the place where the house in which the poetess was born was located, in the mid-80s of the twentieth century her memorial bas-relief and a cast-iron bench were installed (stolen by vandals in the mid-1990s, later replaced by marble).
The opera "Akhmatova" was created in Paris at the Opéra Bastille on March 28, 2011. Music by Bruno Mantovani, libretto by Christophe Ghristi.
There are monuments to Akhmatova in St. Petersburg - in the courtyard of the Faculty of Philology state university and in the garden in front of the school on Vosstaniya Street.
On March 5, 2006, on the fortieth anniversary of Anna Andreevna’s death in St. Petersburg, the third monument to Anna Akhmatova by St. Petersburg sculptor Vyacheslav Bukhaev was unveiled in the garden near the Fountain House (the monument itself was a gift from Nikolai Nagorsky).
She lived in the Fountain House, where the literary and memorial museum of the poetess is located, for 30 years, and called the garden near the house “magical.” According to her, “the shadows of St. Petersburg history come here.”
In December 2006, a monument to Anna Akhmatova was unveiled in St. Petersburg, located across the Neva from the Kresty detention center, where she bequeathed to place it. In 1997, it was planned to lay out Akhmatovsky Square on this site, but the plans were not destined to come true.
In Moscow, on Bolshaya Ordynka Street, in house No. 17, where Akhmatova stayed in the 50s and 60s, the Ardov family plans to open an apartment-museum. This proposal was made by an initiative group of Muscovites, headed by Alexei Batalov and Mikhail Ardov. There is also a memorial plaque on the wall of the house, and in the courtyard there is a monument made according to a drawing by Modigliani.
In the city of Bezhetsk, where the son of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova, Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov, spent his childhood years, a sculptural composition dedicated to A. A. Akhmatova, N. S. Gumilyov and L. N. Gumilyov was installed.
material taken from the site http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmatova,_Anna_Andreevna
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (pseudonym; real name Gorenko, married to Gumilev) was born June 11 (23), 1889 at the station Big Fountain, near Odessa.
His father is a naval mechanical engineer, his mother is from an old noble family. Akhmatova spent her childhood in Tsarskoye Selo and graduated from high school in Kyiv. in 1907, there she studied at the law department of the Higher Women's Courses ( 1908-1910 ). In 1910-1918 married to N. Gumilev. IN 1910 and 1911 I was in Paris (where I became closely acquainted with the artist A. Modigliani), in 1912- in Italy. In 1912 Akhmatova gave birth to a son, L.N. Gumilev. In 1918-1921 married to Assyriologist and poet V.K. Shileiko.
I have been writing poetry since childhood; in the surviving early experiments one can feel the influence of new Russian (especially A. Blok, V. Bryusov) and French (from C. Baudelaire to J. Laforgue) poetry. First publication in Sirius magazine ( 1907 ), published by N.S. Gumilev in Paris. Since 1910 was part of V.I.’s circle Ivanova, since 1911 published in Apollo magazine. She was the secretary of the “Workshop of Poets” from its inception until its dissolution. Participated in a group of acmeists. Poetry 1910-1911 compiled the book “Evening” ( 1912 ). Image modern woman, which arose in these poems, was perceived by readers and critics with deep interest. At the same time, the poetic originality of her lyrics was highly appreciated: the combination of the subtlest psychologism with a song harmony, diarism, freely turning into philosophical reflections, the transfer of classical prose techniques of the 19th century into poetry, impeccable mastery of all the possibilities of Russian verse.
Second book of poems, "Rosary" ( 1913 ), gave rise to talk about the transformation of the image of the lyrical heroine, endowed with extraordinary strength of spirit, a willingness to overcome all the trials that befall her, and a sense of the special historical destiny of her country. In the next three books of poems (“White Flock”, 1917 ; "Plantain", 1921 ; "Anno Domini MCMXXI" (Latin: "In the Lord's Summer 1921"), 1921 ) the historicism of artistic thinking, an organic connection with the traditions of Russian poetry, especially the Pushkin era, is affirmed. The open citizenship of Akhmatova’s poetry, as well as the deliberate mystery of many poems, in which contemporaries saw opposition to the horrors of modernity, led the poetess to clashes with the authorities. For 1925-1939 her poems were not published; she wrote little, focusing mainly on studying Pushkin’s works.
Akhmatova's literary studies, while maintaining full scientific correctness, were associated with reflections on the tragedy of poetry of the 20th century. Arrests of the third ( since 1922) husband, art critic N.N. Punina, and L. Gumilyov became the impetus for the creation of the cycle of poems “Requiem”, which Akhmatova for a long time I was afraid to trust paper ( 1935-1940 ; published abroad in 1963 , in Russia in 1987 ). Approximately since 1936 a new upsurge in Akhmatova’s work began: the unfinished book of poems “Reed” is being compiled, in 1940 the first version of “Poem without a Hero” was created, recreating the atmosphere of the Silver Age (work on the poem continued until Akhmatova’s death). In 1940-1946 Poems are often published, and the collection “From Six Books” is published ( 1940 ), patriotic poems from the period of the Great Patriotic War evoke an approving reaction from modern critics. However, the resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On the magazines “Zvezda” and “Leningrad”” ( 1946 ) was the beginning of the persecution of Akhmatova. She was expelled from the Writers' Union, she was under surveillance, and only a few friends dared to support Akhmatova. After my son's arrest in 1949, trying to save his life, was forced to write and publish official glorifications of I.V. Stalin and Bolshevism. At the same time, Akhmatova wrote tragic poems, published in her homeland only after her death. Akhmatova’s return to literature became possible only in the late 1950s In 1958 and 1961 two collections of selected poems are published, in 1965 – book of poems “The Running of Time.” Akhmatova's autobiographical prose, which remained largely unfinished, was published (like her memoirs about Blok, Modigliani, etc.) only posthumously. In 1964 Akhmatova received Italian literary prize"Etna-Taormina" in 1965 Elected honorary doctor of the University of Oxford. IN last years During her life, she was surrounded by the attention of younger poets (among whom she especially singled out I. Brodsky) and researchers.
Intense lyrical experience, inscribed in the broad epic picture of not only Russia in the 19th and 20th centuries, but throughout human history, is inextricably linked in the late Akhmatova with the awareness of her own poetry as an integral part of world culture. At the same time, her poetry carries within itself the naturalness of human feeling, not overshadowed by the tragedy of life in which it is immersed.
Anna Akhmatova died March 5, 1966 in Domodedovo, near Moscow; buried in the village Komarovo, Leningrad region.
All educated people know Anna Akhmatova. This is an outstanding Russian poetess of the first half of the twentieth century. However, few people know how much this truly great woman had to endure.
We present to your attention short biography of Anna Akhmatova. We will try not only to dwell on the most important stages of the poetess’s life, but also to tell interesting facts from her.
Biography of Akhmatova
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova is a famous world-class poet, writer, translator, literary critic and critic. Born in 1889, Anna Gorenko (this is her real name), spent her childhood in her hometown of Odessa.
The future classicist studied in Tsarskoe Selo, and then in Kyiv, at the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. When she published her first poem in 1911, her father forbade her to use her real surname, so Anna took the surname of her great-grandmother, Akhmatova. It was with this name that she entered Russian and world history.
There is one associated with this episode interesting fact, which we will present at the end of the article.
By the way, above you can see a photo of young Akhmatova, which differs sharply from her subsequent portraits.
Personal life of Akhmatova
In total, Anna had three husbands. Was she happy in at least one marriage? Hard to tell. In her works we find a lot of love poetry.
But this is rather some kind of idealistic image of unattainable love, passed through the prism of Akhmatova’s gift. But whether she had ordinary family happiness is unlikely.
Gumilev
The first husband in her biography was a famous poet, from whom she had her only son, Lev Gumilyov (author of the theory of ethnogenesis).
After living for 8 years, they divorced, and already in 1921 Nikolai was shot.
Anna Akhmatova with her husband Gumilyov and son Lev It is important to emphasize here that her first husband loved her passionately. She did not reciprocate his feelings, and he knew about this even before the wedding. In a word, their living together was extremely painful and painful from constant jealousy and internal suffering of both.
Akhmatova was very sorry for Nikolai, but she did not feel feelings for him. Two poets from God could not live under the same roof and separated. Even their son could not stop their disintegrating marriage.
Shileiko
During this difficult period for the country, the great writer lived extremely poorly.
Having an extremely meager income, she earned extra money by selling herring, which was given out as rations, and with the proceeds she bought tea and smokes, which her husband could not do without.
In her notes there is a phrase relating to this time: “I will soon be on all fours myself.”
Shileiko was terribly jealous of his brilliant wife of literally everything: men, guests, poetry and hobbies.
Punin
Akhmatova's biography developed rapidly. In 1922 she marries again. This time for Nikolai Punin, the art critic with whom she lived the longest - 16 years. They separated in 1938, when Anna's son Lev Gumilyov was arrested. By the way, Lev spent 10 years in the camps.
Difficult years of biography
When he was just imprisoned, Akhmatova spent 17 difficult months in prison lines, bringing parcels to her son. This period of her life is forever etched in her memory.
One day a woman recognized her and asked if she, as a poet, could describe all the horror that the mothers of the innocently convicted experienced. Anna answered in the affirmative and then began work on her most famous poem, “Requiem.” Here's a short excerpt from there:
I've been screaming for seventeen months,
I'm calling you home.
I threw myself at the feet of the executioner -
You are my son and my horror.Everything's messed up forever
And I can't make it out
Now, who is the beast, who is the man,
And how long will it be to wait for execution?
First world war Akhmatova completely limited her public life. However, this was incomparable to what happened later in her difficult biography. After all, what was still waiting for her was the bloodiest in the history of mankind.
In the 1920s, a growing emigration movement began. All this had a very difficult impact on Akhmatova because almost all of her friends went abroad.
One conversation that took place between Anna and G.V. is noteworthy. Ivanov in 1922. Ivanov himself describes it as follows:
The day after tomorrow I'm leaving abroad. I’m going to Akhmatova to say goodbye.
Akhmatova extends her hand to me.
- Are you leaving? Take my bow to Paris.
- And you, Anna Andreevna, are not going to leave?
- No. I will not leave Russia.
- But life is getting more and more difficult!
- Yes, everything is more difficult.
- It can become completely unbearable.
- What to do.
- Won't you leave?
- I won’t leave.
In the same year, she wrote a famous poem that drew a line between Akhmatova and the creative intelligentsia who emigrated:
I'm not with those who abandoned the earth
To be torn to pieces by enemies.
I don't listen to their rude flattery,
I won’t give them my songs.But I always feel sorry for the exile,
Like a prisoner, like a patient,
Your road is dark, wanderer,
Someone else's bread smells like wormwood.
Since 1925, the NKVD has issued an unspoken ban so that no publishing house publishes any of Akhmatova’s works due to their “anti-nationality.”
IN short biography It is impossible to convey the burden of moral and social oppression that Akhmatova experienced during these years.
Having learned what fame and recognition were, she was forced to eke out a miserable, half-starved existence, in complete oblivion. At the same time, realizing that her friends abroad regularly publish and deny themselves little.
The voluntary decision not to leave, but to suffer with her people - this is the truly amazing fate of Anna Akhmatova. During these years, she made do with occasional translations of foreign poets and writers and, in general, lived extremely poorly.
Akhmatova's creativity
But let's go back to 1912, when the first collection of poems by the future great poetess was published. It was called "Evening". This was the beginning creative biography future star in the horizon of Russian poetry.
Three years later, a new collection “Rosary Beads” appears, which was printed in 1000 pieces.
Actually, from this moment the nationwide recognition of Akhmatova’s great talent begins.
In 1917 the world saw A new book with poems "White Flock". It was published twice as large, through the previous collection.
Among Akhmatova’s most significant works we can mention “Requiem”, written in 1935-1940. Why is this particular poem considered one of the greatest?
The fact is that it reflects all the pain and horror of a woman who lost her loved ones due to human cruelty and repression. And this image was very similar to the fate of Russia itself.
In 1941, Akhmatova wandered hungry around Leningrad. According to some eyewitnesses, she looked so bad that a woman stopped next to her and handed her alms with the words: “Take it for Christ’s sake.” One can only imagine how Anna Andreevna felt at that time.
However, before the blockade began, she was evacuated to, where she met with Marina Tsvetaeva. This was their only meeting.
A short biography of Akhmatova does not allow us to show in all details the essence of her amazing poems. They seem to be alive talking to us, conveying and revealing many sides of the human soul.
It is important to emphasize that she wrote not only about the individual, as such, but considered the life of the country and its fate as the biography of an individual person, as a kind of living organism with its own merits and painful inclinations.
A subtle psychologist and a brilliant expert on the human soul, Akhmatova was able to depict in her poems many facets of fate, its happy and tragic vicissitudes.
Death and memory
On March 5, 1966, Anna Andreevna Akhmatova died in a sanatorium near Moscow. On the fourth day, the coffin with her body was delivered to Leningrad, where a funeral took place at the Komarovskoye cemetery.
Many streets in the former republics are named after the outstanding Russian poetess Soviet Union. In Italy, in Sicily, a monument was erected to Akhmatova.
In 1982, a small planet was discovered, which received its name in its honor - Akhmatova.
In the Netherlands, on the wall of one of the houses in the city of Leiden, the poem “Muse” is written in large letters.
Muse
When I wait for her to come at night,
Life seems to hang by a thread.
What honors, what youth, what freedom
In front of a lovely guest with a pipe in her hand.
And then she came in. Throwing back the covers,
She looked at me carefully.
I tell her: “Did you dictate to Dante?
Pages of Hell? Answers: “I am!”
Interesting facts from Akhmatova’s biography
Being a recognized classic, back in the 20s, Akhmatova was subject to colossal censorship and silence.
It was not published at all for decades, which left her without a livelihood.
However, despite this, abroad she was considered one of the greatest poets of our time and in different countries published even without her knowledge.
When Akhmatova’s father learned that his seventeen-year-old daughter had started writing poetry, he asked “not to disgrace his name.”
Her first husband, Gumilyov, says that they often quarreled over their son. When Levushka was about 4 years old, I taught him the phrase: “My dad is a poet, and my mom is hysterical.”
When a poetry company gathered in Tsarskoe Selo, Levushka entered the living room and shouted a memorized phrase in a loud voice.
Nikolai Gumilyov became very angry, and Akhmatova was delighted and began to kiss her son, saying: “Good girl, Leva, you’re right, your mother is hysterical!” At that time, Anna Andreevna did not yet know what kind of life awaited her ahead, and what age was coming to replace the Silver Age.
The poet kept a diary all her life, which became known only after her death. It is thanks to this that we know many facts from her biography.
Anna Akhmatova in the early 1960s Akhmatova was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1965, but it was ultimately awarded to Mikhail Sholokhov. Not long ago it became known that the committee initially considered the option of dividing the award between them. But then they settled on Sholokhov.
Two of Akhmatova’s sisters died of tuberculosis, and Anna was sure that the same fate awaited her. However, she was able to overcome weak genetics and lived to be 76 years old.
While going to the sanatorium, Akhmatova felt the approach of death. In her notes she left a short phrase: “It’s a pity there’s no Bible there.”
We hope that this biography of Akhmatova answered all the questions you had about her life. We strongly recommend using an Internet search and reading at least selected poems by the poetic genius Anna Akhmatova.
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One of the brightest, most original and talented poets of the Silver Age, Anna Gorenko, better known to her admirers as Akhmatova, lived a long life full of tragic events. This proud and at the same time fragile woman witnessed two revolutions and two world wars. Her soul was seared by repression and the death of her closest people. The biography of Anna Akhmatova is worthy of a novel or film adaptation, which was repeatedly undertaken by both her contemporaries and the later generation of playwrights, directors and writers.
Anna Gorenko was born in the summer of 1889 in the family of a hereditary nobleman and retired naval mechanical engineer Andrei Andreevich Gorenko and Inna Erazmovna Stogova, who belonged to the creative elite of Odessa. The girl was born in the southern part of the city, in a house located in the Bolshoi Fontan area. She turned out to be the third oldest of six children.
As soon as the baby was one year old, the parents moved to St. Petersburg, where the head of the family received the rank of collegiate assessor and became a State Control official for special assignments. The family settled in Tsarskoe Selo, with which all Akhmatova’s childhood memories are connected. The nanny took the girl for a walk to Tsarskoye Selo Park and other places that were still remembered. Children were taught social etiquette. Anya learned to read from the alphabet, and French I learned it in early childhood, listening to the teacher teach it to older children.
The future poetess received her education at the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium. Anna Akhmatova began writing poetry, according to her, at the age of 11. It is noteworthy that she discovered poetry not with the works of Alexander Pushkin and, whom she fell in love with a little later, but with the majestic odes of Gabriel Derzhavin and the poem “Frost, Red Nose,” which her mother recited.
Young Gorenko fell in love with St. Petersburg forever and considered it the main city of her life. She really missed its streets, parks and Neva when she had to leave with her mother for Evpatoria, and then for Kyiv. Her parents divorced when the girl turned 16.
She completed her penultimate grade at home, in Evpatoria, and finished her last grade at the Kyiv Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. After completing her studies, Gorenko becomes a student at the Higher Courses for Women, choosing the Faculty of Law. But if Latin and the history of law aroused a keen interest in her, then jurisprudence seemed boring to the point of yawning, so the girl continued her education in her beloved St. Petersburg, at N.P. Raev’s historical and literary women’s courses.
Poetry
No one in the Gorenko family studied poetry, “as far as the eye can see.” Only on the side of Inna Stogova’s mother was a distant relative, Anna Bunina, a translator and poetess. The father did not approve of his daughter’s passion for poetry and asked her not to disgrace his family name. That's why Anna Akhmatova never signed her poems real name. In her family tree, she found a Tatar great-grandmother who supposedly descended from the Horde Khan Akhmat, and thus turned into Akhmatova.
In her early youth, when the girl was studying at the Mariinsky Gymnasium, she met a talented young man, later the famous poet Nikolai Gumilyov. Both in Evpatoria and in Kyiv, the girl corresponded with him. In the spring of 1910, they got married in the St. Nicholas Church, which still stands today in the village of Nikolskaya Slobodka near Kiev. At that time, Gumilyov was already an accomplished poet, famous in literary circles.
The newlyweds went to Paris to celebrate their honeymoon. This was Akhmatova's first meeting with Europe. Upon his return, the husband introduced his talented wife into the literary and artistic circles of St. Petersburg, and she was immediately noticed. At first everyone was struck by her unusual, majestic beauty and regal posture. Dark-skinned, with a distinct hump on her nose, the “Horde” appearance of Anna Akhmatova captivated literary bohemia.
Anna Akhmatova and Amadeo Modigliani. Artist Natalia Tretyakova Soon, St. Petersburg writers find themselves captivated by the creativity of this original beauty. Anna Akhmatova wrote poems about love, and it was this great feeling that she sang all her life, during the crisis of symbolism. Young poets try themselves in other trends that have come into fashion - futurism and acmeism. Gumileva-Akhmatova gains fame as an Acmeist.
1912 becomes the year of a breakthrough in her biography. In this memorable year, not only was the poetess’s only son, Lev Gumilyov, born, but her first collection, entitled “Evening,” was also published in a small edition. In her declining years, a woman who has gone through all the hardships of the time in which she had to be born and create will call these first creations “the poor poems of an empty girl.” But then Akhmatova’s poems found their first admirers and brought her fame.
After 2 years, a second collection called “Rosary” was published. And this was already a real triumph. Fans and critics speak enthusiastically about her work, elevating her to the rank of the most fashionable poetess of her time. Akhmatova no longer needs her husband's protection. Her name sounds even louder than Gumilyov’s name. In the revolutionary year of 1917, Anna published her third book, “The White Flock.” It is published in an impressive circulation of 2 thousand copies. The couple separates in the turbulent year of 1918.
And in the summer of 1921, Nikolai Gumilyov was shot. Akhmatova was grieving the death of her son’s father and the man who introduced her to the world of poetry.
Anna Akhmatova reads her poems to students Since the mid-1920s, difficult times have come for the poetess. She is under close surveillance of the NKVD. It is not printed. Akhmatova’s poems are written “on the table.” Many of them were lost during travel. The last collection was published in 1924. “Provocative”, “decadent”, “anti-communist” poems - such a stigma on creativity cost Anna Andreevna dearly.
The new stage of her creativity is closely connected with soul-debilitating worries for her loved ones. First of all, for my son Lyovushka. Late autumn In 1935, the first alarm bell rang for the woman: her second husband Nikolai Punin and son were arrested at the same time. They are released in a few days, but there will be no more peace in the life of the poetess. From now on, she will feel the ring of persecution around her tightening.
Three years later, the son was arrested. He was sentenced to 5 years in forced labor camps. In the same terrible year, the marriage of Anna Andreevna and Nikolai Punin ended. An exhausted mother carries parcels for her son to Kresty. During these same years, the famous “Requiem” by Anna Akhmatova was published.
To make life easier for her son and get him out of the camps, the poetess, just before the war, in 1940, published the collection “From Six Books.” Here are collected old censored poems and new ones, “correct” from the point of view of the ruling ideology.
The Great Eruption Patriotic War Anna Andreevna spent time in evacuation in Tashkent. Immediately after the victory she returned to the liberated and destroyed Leningrad. From there he soon moved to Moscow.
But the clouds that had barely parted overhead—the son was released from the camps—condensed again. In 1946, her work was destroyed at next meeting Writers' Union, and in 1949 Lev Gumilyov was arrested again. This time he was sentenced to 10 years. The unfortunate woman is broken. She writes requests and letters of repentance to the Politburo, but no one hears her.
Elderly Anna Akhmatova After leaving another prison, the relationship between mother and son long years remained tense: Leo believed that his mother put creativity in first place, which she loved more than him. He moves away from her.
The black clouds over the head of this famous but deeply unhappy woman disperse only at the end of her life. In 1951, she was reinstated in the Writers' Union. Akhmatova's poems are published. In the mid-1960s, Anna Andreevna received a prestigious Italian prize and released a new collection, “The Running of Time.” The University of Oxford also awards a doctorate to the famous poetess.
Akhmatova "booth" in Komarovo At the end of his years, the world-famous poet and writer finally had his own home. The Leningrad "Literary Fund" allocated her a modest wooden dacha in Komarovo. It was a tiny house that consisted of a veranda, a corridor and one room.
All the “furniture” is a hard bed with bricks as a leg, a table made from a door, a Modigliani drawing on the wall and an old icon that once belonged to the first husband.
Personal life
This royal woman had amazing power over men. In her youth, Anna was fantastically flexible. They say she could easily bend over backwards, her head touching the floor. Even the Mariinsky ballerinas were amazed at this incredible natural movement. She also had amazing eyes that changed color. Some said that Akhmatova’s eyes were gray, others claimed that they were green, and still others claimed that they were sky blue.
Nikolai Gumilyov fell in love with Anna Gorenko at first sight. But the girl was crazy about Vladimir Golenishchev-Kutuzov, a student who did not pay any attention to her. The young schoolgirl suffered and even tried to hang herself with a nail. Luckily he slipped out clay wall.
Anna Akhmatova with her husband and son It seems that the daughter inherited her mother’s failures. Marriage to any of the three official husbands did not bring happiness to the poetess. Anna Akhmatova's personal life was chaotic and somewhat disheveled. They cheated on her, she cheated. The first husband carried his love for Anna throughout his entire life. short life, but at the same time he had bastard, which everyone knew about. In addition, Nikolai Gumilyov did not understand why his beloved wife, in his opinion, not a genius poetess at all, evokes such delight and even exaltation among young people. Anna Akhmatova's poems about love seemed too long and pompous to him.
In the end they broke up.
After the breakup, Anna Andreevna had no end to her fans. Count Valentin Zubov gave her armfuls of expensive roses and was in awe of her mere presence, but the beauty gave preference to Nikolai Nedobrovo. However, he was soon replaced by Boris Anrepa.
Her second marriage to Vladimir Shileiko exhausted Anna so much that she said: “Divorce... What a pleasant feeling this is!”
A year after the death of her first husband, she breaks up with her second. And six months later she gets married for the third time. Nikolai Punin is an art critic. But Anna Akhmatova’s personal life did not work out with him either.
Deputy People's Commissar of Education Lunacharsky Punin, who sheltered the homeless Akhmatova after a divorce, also did not make her happy. The new wife lived in the apartment with ex-wife Punin and his daughter, donating money to a common pot for food. Son Lev, who came from his grandmother, was placed in a cold corridor at night and felt like an orphan, always deprived of attention.
Anna Akhmatova’s personal life was supposed to change after a meeting with pathologist Garshin, but just before the wedding, he allegedly dreamed of his late mother, who begged him not to take a witch into the house. The wedding was cancelled.
Death
The death of Anna Akhmatova on March 5, 1966 seems to have shocked everyone. Although she was already 76 years old at that time. And she had been ill for a long time and seriously. The poetess died in a sanatorium near Moscow in Domodedovo. On the eve of her death, she asked to bring her New Testament, whose texts I wanted to compare with the texts Qumran manuscripts.
They rushed to transport Akhmatova’s body from Moscow to Leningrad: the authorities did not want dissident unrest. She was buried at the Komarovskoye cemetery. Before their death, the son and mother were never able to reconcile: they did not communicate for several years.
At his mother's grave, Lev Gumilyov laid out stone wall with a window, which was supposed to symbolize the wall in the Crosses, where she carried messages to him. At first there was a wooden cross on the grave, as Anna Andreevna requested. But in 1969 a cross appeared.
Monument to Anna Akhmatova and Marina Tsvetaeva in Odessa The Anna Akhmatova Museum is located in St. Petersburg on Avtovskaya Street. Another one was opened in the Fountain House, where she lived for 30 years. Later, museums, memorial plaques and bas-reliefs appeared in Moscow, Tashkent, Kyiv, Odessa and many other cities where the muse lived.
Poetry
- 1912 – “Evening”
- 1914 – “Rosary”
- 1922 – “White Flock”
- 1921 – “Plantain”
- 1923 – “Anno Domini MCMXXI”
- 1940 – “From six books”
- 1943 – “Anna Akhmatova. Favorites"
- 1958 – “Anna Akhmatova. Poems"
- 1963 – “Requiem”
- 1965 – “The Running of Time”