Half-hip gable. How to make a rafter system for a half-hip roof - possible options for performing the work. The rafter system consists of

Half-hip roofs are very convenient when using the attic as a living space. This kind of roof is pitched design with overhangs made at the ends. Thanks to this unique feature, a half-hip, or Dutch, roof is able to withstand high wind loads. Overhangs additionally protect the gables of the building from precipitation. To figure out how to build a half-hip roof, you need to distinguish between its variations:

gable type half-hip roof;
hipped type of semi-hipped roof.

In this case, the design may undergo some individual changes, which depend on the type of roof, the presence or absence of a living area in the attic space, and the climate of the area. For areas with snowy, harsh winters, they try to make such roofs with not very large overhangs and very steep slopes.

Advantages of the half-hip roof type

In addition to the opportunity to obtain a large and practical space in the attic and equip it for a comfortable living space, as well as protecting the gables from the effects of bad weather, among the advantages of this roof are its beauty, effectiveness and the ability to implement a variety of options.

Note! This type of roof is characterized by increased structural strength. It is very suitable for areas with extreme climate conditions, and is also resistant to vibrations.

Disadvantages of a half-hip (Dutch) roof

Among the disadvantages of erecting a Dutch roof:

the complexity of building a rafter system;
high consumption of roofing material and wood;
Difficulty in cleaning and repair.

It is very difficult to build such a roof on your own, without the help of specialists. There are many elements in the rafter system, which complicates the construction.

Construction of a Dutch roof

The design of a half-hip consists of many elements, one of which simply cannot be excluded, since each has its own purpose. The basis is the mauerlat and a complex rafter system. If the walls of the building are made of brick, it is good to place a reinforced concrete reinforced belt on top with galvanized studs with a diameter of 10 mm and a pitch of 1.2 m protruding between the future rafters, and place the Mauerlat beam on it over a couple of layers of roofing material. For the Mauerlat, timber with a cross section of 150×150 mm is mainly used. Next, with the help of a notch and the use of iron brackets, a ridge is arranged, to which the slanted and diagonal rafters (or rafters) are attached.

It is very important to take correct measurements and calculate the required rafter lengths. It is best to prepare rafters 50 cm longer than the calculated data to avoid troubles during work.

Note! From reinforced double boards, rafter half-legs are made, resting on splints. Pairing boards helps achieve the required increased load-bearing capacity of the roof.

When the slanted rafters are firmly attached to the mauerlat and the ridge, the ranks are installed. This takes into account the width insulation material, by which the pitch of ordinary rafters is calculated. To ensure that the rafters rest against the base, cutouts are made at the ends; on the sides they can be attached to the mauerlat with metal corners. If the spans are large, reinforcement is used using struts with stops. Using a truss truss, you can strengthen the diagonal rafters.

If the slab covering the house is reinforced concrete, the racks with stops can be rested against it without any problems. In another case, additional tightening must be installed on the overlap tanks.

Before installation, all wooden structural elements should be treated with special solutions to protect them from rotting and the effects of fire.

Completion of the half-hip construction

The completion of a Dutch roof, like any other, includes laying sheathing, vapor barrier material, as well as insulation, waterproofing film and the roof itself. Necessary free space under the ridge for air circulation and ventilation.

Note! It is better to use a vapor barrier film with a foil side, which will protect the thermal insulation layer from moisture.

Can serve as insulation polystyrene foam boards, fiberglass or basalt slabs. A condensate film or diffusion membrane is laid on top of them to protect against moisture and condensation. Roofing felt is also still used as waterproofing, but since its properties are short-lived, it is better to abandon it in favor of more modern materials.

Next from wooden slats a counter-lattice is installed to secure the waterproofing and create a gap for ventilation. On top of the counter-lattice, a main lathing is made, along which the roofing material is secured.

Photo

IN modern construction Installation of several types of roofs, different in appearance and design, is practiced. One of the most popular and aesthetic is Dutch. Rafter system A half-hip roof can be made with either two or four slopes. Let us consider in detail all the features of this design and methods self-installation half hip roof.

Half-hip roof for a residential building

All pitched roofs have one common feature- Availability attic space, which, with proper finishing, can be used as a residential building. This design allows you to significantly expand the living space without an extension. The half-hip roof also has excellent technical characteristics: it can withstand powerful wind loads and provides reliable protection fronts of the house from precipitation.

Depending on the design features, half-hip roofs are divided into two main types:

semi-hipped gable roof;
semi-hipped hipped roof.

Photos of houses with half-hip roofs are presented in large numbers both on specialized websites and on construction forums.

Advantages and disadvantages of a half-hip roof: photos of beautiful houses

What distinguishes a half-hip roof from a hip roof? The hip roof has two large slopes in the shape of a trapezoid, and smaller slopes have the shape of triangles. In a half-hip roof, everything is arranged a little differently, and the slope line takes on a broken shape.

The design is like this sloping roof largely depends on the shape of the house itself, the presence or absence of living space in the attic, the type of roofing material with which the surface will be covered, and even the climatic characteristics of the region.

Moreover, the decisive role in the creation of the structure is played by the climate, because in regions with snowy winters, precipitation will accumulate especially strongly on the surface of the slope, forming a kind of “snow cap”. Therefore, for such areas, roofs with a steep slope and minimal overhangs are more relevant. If snow drifts are an irrelevant problem, then a minimum angle of inclination is quite acceptable.

Among the advantages of a half-hip roof are:

Availability additional room, which can be used as a residential or attic;
aesthetic appearance, with an opportunity unusual design at home by creating an original form of construction;
reliable protection of the house from the influence of weather conditions: snow, rain, strong wind.

Helpful advice! In order to increase usable area attic space, you can use a structure with different slope angles.

Among the disadvantages of half-hip crumble it is worth noting:

the presence of certain difficulties during the construction process: a large number of ribs, struts and stops makes the construction of the rafter system a long and labor-intensive process;

in the process of building such a rather complex structure, not only more effort is consumed, but also materials;
The process of laying roofing also becomes somewhat more complex.

But, despite the shortcomings, houses with a half-hipped roof look unique. All the difficulties and expenses are worth it to give the roof an original and memorable appearance. If you are not afraid of the complex installation of the rafter system, you can safely get to work. Among the photos of private houses, half-hip roofs are found quite often, so it will not be difficult to choose the option you like.

Mansard half-hip roof

Under mansard roof imply a structure that has two vertices in the shape of cut triangles. If the house has a square shape, then the roof will be pyramidal. This type of roof has increased strength. On rectangular houses mansard roof has two triangular sides and two trapezoidal. The slopes are located at the same angle, which allows them to be mounted symmetrically to the axial beams.

This type of roofing has the following advantages and disadvantages:

increased strength allows this design to be used in regions with extreme climatic conditions, for example, on the seashore or in places characterized by strong winds;
the aesthetic appearance allows such a roof to look appropriate against the backdrop of absolutely any landscape;
low profile provides increased resistance of the roof to vibrations;
due to the shape of the structure, certain difficulties may arise with cleaning and repairing the surface;
the attic space of the half-hipped roof can be used to furnish living rooms;
it is necessary to think through additional forced ventilation, which entails costs.

How the rafter system of a half-hip roof works: diagram and photo examples

Like any other roofing structure, a half-hip roof consists of many layers that are placed on top of each other one after another. Among these structural elements can be distinguished:

rafter system, which acts as a base for holding all elements;
Mauerlat – lower support beam for rafters;
materials that provide heat, hydro and vapor insulation of the roof;
roof covering that provides mechanical protection.

The rafter system itself also has several component elements: ridge, rafter legs, posts, struts, sheathing and much more. Each of these elements performs its own function, providing the roof with additional rigidity and strength. This is especially important when creating a half-hip mansard roof.

Installation of a half-hip roof should begin with laying the Mauerlat on the load-bearing walls of the house. For brick buildings install a reinforced belt, which provides additional strength and evenly distributes the load. At the concreting stage, vertical studs made of galvanized metal are inserted into it. The Mauerlat is attached to the reinforcement by insertion.

Related article:

DIY pitched roof step by step: installation features. Advantages and disadvantages of the design. Selection of materials, their preparation and quantity calculation. The angle of inclination of the slope. Maintenance of the structure.

The length of the studs should be sufficient to provide a protrusion from the timber by 2–3 cm. The fastening step should be 120 cm. The minimum diameter of the reinforcement used to fasten the beams is 10 mm.

Helpful advice! The studs should be positioned in such a way that they are located between the rafters and do not complicate the work process in the future.

To protect the reinforced belt, it is covered with at least two layers of roofing felt and only after that the beam is placed on the studs. How to do this can be seen in the drawings. Thanks to this stage, the half-hip roof is more durable.

Selecting and installing a Mauerlat is one of the most important stages preparatory work. The cross-section of the timber used for this purpose should be 150×150 mm or, in extreme cases, 100×150 mm. All required holes are drilled on the ground, after which the wood is processed with specialized antiseptics to protect against moisture and fungal development.

Half-hip roof rafter system: installation basics

The installation of a half-hip roof includes the installation of a ridge, rafters (both slanted and diagonal) and fasteners, for example, metal brackets and special notches.

Ideally, the diagonal rafters should be a continuation of the ridge, which at the top seems to be divided into two parts and goes down to the corners of the house. Extensions are also attached to the diagonal rafters, which forces these elements to take on the entire main load and weight of the structure. That is why double boards 50x150 mm are used for their manufacture, thus providing a reinforced base.

Thanks to this, the load-bearing capacity of the slanted rafters increases, which allows the use of long whole beams for very large roofs. In addition, the same boards can be used for diagonal and row rafters, which makes the work process easier.

Helpful advice! It is better not to fill the remaining space under the ridge polyurethane foam. This way, air circulation will not be disrupted, and the likelihood of rotting of the wooden part of the ridge will be significantly reduced.

When the installation stage of the slanted rafters is completed, and all the elements are securely fastened to the Mauerlat and ridge beam, it’s time to start installing the ordinary rafters. The upper part will rest against the ridge, and the lower part against the Mauerlat. Before starting work, be sure to read available projects houses with a half-hipped roof.

Helpful advice! The distance between the rafters should take into account the width thermal insulation material which you will use.

To make the structure stable, cutouts are made at both ends of the rafters. This allows you to capture elements. Metal brackets and corner linings are used as additional fastening. If the roof of the house is very long, then it is necessary to create additional supports in the form of struts. Truss trusses are used to support diagonal rafters.

If the floor slab is made of reinforced concrete, then all the supports and racks can be rested directly on it. Otherwise, it is necessary to install additional tie-downs on the floor beams, otherwise the half-hip roof structure will be unreliable.

Helpful advice! Before installation, all wooden roof elements must be treated not only with an antiseptic that protects the wood from moisture, but also with a fire-fighting liquid.

How to make a half-hip roof with your own hands: calculating the number of rafters and the pitch between them

In order for the rafter system to be reliable and fully functional for many years, before starting work it is necessary to carry out calculations that will become the basis for installation. As an example, you can use a photo of a half-hipped gable roof with a house width of 9 meters.

The pitch is the distance between two rafter legs, and usually for residential country houses this indicator ranges from 0.6–1 m. This depends on many factors, so calculations must be made individually based on your own indicators. To calculate the required number of rafters, use the following algorithm:

Measure the length of the roof slope and divide by the required pitch factor between the elements.
Then add one to the result obtained, round the resulting number towards a higher value. This will be the number of rafter legs that are needed to finish one roof slope of a given length.
If you divide the entire length of the slope by the resulting integer, the result will be the distance that must be maintained between the axes of the rafters (this is the pitch of the rafters).

It is useful to know that although ideally the axis should pass through the center of the rafters, in practice errors are permissible, depending on changes in the slope angle of the surface of the future roof. This is clearly visible in the photo of a half-hip gable roof.

Let us consider as an example the following calculation: the length of the roof slope is 16 m. In this case, the pitch between the rafters will be 0.6 m. Based on the above algorithm, 16 ÷ 0.6 + 1 = 27.66 = 28. This means that for For a slope 16 m long, we will need 28 rafters.

Helpful advice! The width of the rafter pitch directly depends on the angle of the roof. So, the greater the steepness of the roof, the greater the pitch of the rafters must be maintained. This is due to the fact that the distribution of load on steep roofs is uneven and falls to a greater extent on load-bearing walls.

Alternatively, you can use special online calculators for calculations, although it is much better if you have a plan or drawing of a half-hip roof with your own hands, because having clear example it is much easier to carry out calculations and work.

Installation of a half-hip roof: the final stages of construction

When all the wooden elements are laid and secured, all that remains is to worry about the heat, steam and waterproofing of the roof. To do this, a lathing is made, and the selected material is rolled out on top.

It is difficult to say which materials are best to give preference to, but when it comes to vapor barrier, aluminum foil will definitely perform its function well. Using a construction stapler, the foil is attached to the rafters so that the glossy side faces inward, that is, into the attic.

For insulation, synthetic wool (mineral or stone) is most often used, which is sold in rolls or mats. The insulation is laid out in the spaces between the rafters and covered with a layer of waterproofing. Previously, roofing felt was used for this purpose, but today it has given way to a diffusion membrane.

If the space under the roof ridge has not been sealed, then natural ventilation will not allow fungi and mold to develop inside the “pie”.

Of course, in terms of installation, a gable half-hip roof is significantly superior to a hip roof due to its simpler design and lower installation costs. But when it comes to the end result, nothing can compare to the intricate beauty of a hipped roof. Photos of a half-hip hipped roof clearly demonstrate the beauty of this solution.

And with all this, the second option provides much more space for equipping the attic space, which will be equipped with instructions, photos and videos of the half-hip roof rafter system provided on the Internet.

Choosing roofing material for a half-hip roof

Considerable importance in creating beautiful and reliable roof The choice of roofing material plays a role. Let's look at a few of the most popular solutions and how they meet the requirements.

During installation and operation, the roofing covering has to deal with a number of external factors, which affect him in different ways. Among them: precipitation, strong winds, “snow caps,” exposure to ultraviolet radiation and significant temperatures. The selection of suitable material should be guided by these data.

Asbestos cement sheets, or slate, is an inexpensive and fairly durable roofing material. It has a number of advantages, such as fire safety, high resistance to temperature changes, resistance to corrosion and the development of mold and mildew. Slate will never rot or lose its appearance in the sun. To give a more aesthetic appearance and improve technical characteristics, asbestos-cement sheets can be painted.

This material is not suitable for a half-hip roof for two reasons:

such inexpensive coating will not look advantageous on such a complex structure;
Slate is a fairly fragile material and cutting it accurately will take a lot of time and effort.

Metal tiles- also quite affordable material, but at the same time much more attractive. Long service life (up to 30 years including maintenance) and excellent technical characteristics have made this coating a leader in its field. price category. The material is not at all afraid of temperature changes or mechanical stress. And the wide range of colors on the market allows you to choose a shade to suit every taste.

The main advantage of metal tiles is its light weight and, accordingly, a small load on the rafter system of a half-hip roof.

One of the disadvantages of this material is the integrity of the sheets, the cutting of which for a half-hip roof requires a certain skill and dexterity. And, of course, very low sound insulation. After all, we all know the sound of raindrops hitting a metal surface.

Composite tiles- one of the subtypes of metal tiles, which is widely found on sale. This coating is more expensive, but it also has better technical characteristics. The only drawback is the heavy weight of the material.

Flexible roof – perfect option for a half-hip roof. Bituminous shingles Sold in rolls and quite easily cut into pieces of the desired size. This makes it easy to design areas with high architectural complexity. Among the technical characteristics are:

low weight of material;

fire resistance and water resistance;
a huge selection of color and stylistic solutions;
resistance to mold and rot.

Ceramic tiles, perhaps the most ancient of the proposed materials. The roof is laid out from individual elements, which were burned at very high temperature. This is an environmentally friendly material that is resistant to both high and low temperatures. Undoubtedly, this material has the most long term operation - up to 150 years.

This coating is excellent for a half-hip roof, provided that the rafter system is highly durable and reliable, since ceramic tiles are quite heavy.

Another feature of this material is the fragility of individual elements. However, this is offset by the ease of repair and the ability to replace each individual part.

Wood decking or shingles. Eco-friendly and very nice option. The constituent elements are small planks made of various types of wood - oak, beech, aspen and all kinds of conifers.

Corrugated sheet. This material owes its popularity to its good characteristics, combined with at an affordable price. The main advantage of such a roof is cost-effectiveness, but there are other advantages:

light weight;
ease of transportation and installation;
long service life;
resistance to corrosion damage;
large selection of shades.

However, like metal tiles, this material is quite noisy in rain and hail. It can also be susceptible to corrosion if there is mechanical damage as a result of improper transportation and installation. In addition, laying corrugated sheets on a half-hip roof, like other sheet materials, is complicated by the need to cut out individual elements.

As we can see, creating a half-hip roof with your own hands, although not an easy task, is quite feasible. Having thought through all the stages and gradually following the algorithm, you can give your home original look, making it even more comfortable and beautiful.

The rafter system is, one might say, the most important component of the roof. It is this system that is the framework for all other elements. Any rafter system has basic components. They are present in any such design. But the very layout of rafters, struts and other elements may be different. It all depends on the type of roof. What is the rafter system for a half-hip roof? What are its features and how to build it? This will be discussed in the article.

Varieties

The rafter system of a half-hip roof is a rather complex structure. It may not be possible to build it with your own hands, without the help of professionals. But before you begin to study the nuances of its construction, you should understand the type of roof itself. The half-hip design can be made in two types, namely:

Dutch version. Here the half-hip roof has two slopes. At the same time, in the lower part of the ends there is a large trapezoidal pediment. On top it is crowned with a hip in the form of a triangle.
The half-hip Danish roof has a different design. Here the vertical pediment is located on top. Next comes big stingray or hip. In this case, it has a trapezoidal shape.

There are other types of half-hip roofs. Their designs can combine Dutch and Danish styles. But in any case, designing and installing a half-hip roof truss system is quite a complex job.

Advantages and disadvantages

The half-hip roof is not used very often. First of all, this is due to the rather complex rafter system. Most often, the construction of such a structure is entrusted to professional builders. If you do not have proper experience in carpentry, then it is better not to choose a half-hip roof for your home.

In addition, there is a significant increase financial expenses. More rafters and other elements will be needed. In addition, they have different sizes. All this significantly increases the cost of the project.

But the half-hip roof also has its advantages. These experts include the following:

firstly, living space can be placed under such a roof. There will be plenty of space on the attic floor;
secondly, the appearance of the half-hip roof is very attractive. This design will become a real decoration of your home;
This roof also provides good protection from precipitation. Regardless of the angle of inclination of the slope, snow, as a rule, practically does not accumulate on them. This means that operating the roof will not require much effort from you;
Another advantage is heat saving. The half-hip prevents the cold from penetrating inside, which will help reduce the cost of heating the attic floor;
a half-hip roof can withstand even very strong winds. Of course, a lot will depend on the quality of the materials used in construction, the accuracy of the calculations and the correctness of the construction of the rafter system.

Therefore, if you have experience in carpentry, and you are confident that you can cope with the complex structure of the rafter system, then this roof option is quite suitable for you.

Preparatory stage

Any business, especially if it concerns construction, must begin with planning. First of all, you should make a diagram. The rafter system of a half-hip roof has a rather complex structure. But at the same time, drawing up its diagram is not very different from the same work when constructing other types of roofing.

First of all, you need to do the calculations. You need to decide on the following parameters:

When calculating the slope angle, it is also important to consider what roofing material your half-hip roof will be covered with. Each manufacturer indicates their optimal parameters, subject to which their products will work most effectively.

When calculating loads, the amount of snow cover is first taken into account. In addition, the effect of wind should be taken into account. This type of load depends not only on the weather conditions in your region, but also on the angle of the slope of the half-hip roof, and the weight of all materials that will be used during construction should also be taken into account.

After all the preliminary calculations, a drawing of the rafter system for the half-hip roof is drawn up. It indicates the location of all structural elements; it is better if it is more accurate and detailed. In this case, the installation of the half-hip roof rafter system itself will be easier and without errors.

Nuances of constructing the Dutch version

The design of the rafter system for a half-hip roof, as mentioned earlier, is quite complex. Therefore, when starting construction, you should first become familiar with all the nuances of the upcoming work. If you decide to use a half-hip roof according to the Dutch type, then the installation of the rafter system is carried out as follows:

If we're talking about about the Danish version of the half-hip roof, then big differences There is no rafter system in the installation. But there are also some nuances. In the Danish version, the trapezoid-shaped rafter legs of the slopes do not fit the ridge beam. Here they will rest with their upper part against the break bar. This element is the base of the vertical pediment. It is fixed to the rafters of the side slopes of the roof.

When constructing a half-hip roof truss system, only high-quality materials should be used. Pine is best suited for these purposes. In addition to the main structural elements in the form of rafters, this also includes additional elements. Struts are mandatory. They are necessary to strengthen long rafters. Crossbars, trusses and other elements can also be used.

The pitch or distance between the rafters is chosen depending on the load that will affect the entire system. As a rule, this parameter ranges from fifty to one hundred centimeters.

When installing rafters and other elements, it is important not to forget about insulation and waterproofing. As a rule, a half-hip roof is used in cases where the owner of the house wants to build a roof instead of an attic. attic floor. In this case, it is impossible to do without roof insulation and additional vapor and waterproofing.

A semi-hipped gable roof is a cross between the gable and hip roof types. The pediment is made in the shape of a trapezoid, which is why such a roof is often called Danish or Dutch. You can do it yourself, but only after a detailed study of the installation features and correct calculations.

This type is very popular in areas where there are constant and strong winds, especially for small houses whose low slopes will well protect the pediment of the entire building from moisture and the same wind.

The rafter system of a half-hip roof, the diagram of which is presented in this material, can be made of either wood or steel structures. At the same time, the scheme of a half-hip roof from the side of the slopes is completely identical to the classic roof with straight slopes, and the differences will only be on the side of the gables.

Semi-hip gable roof DRAWING:

To understand how a half-hip gable roof, the drawing of which is presented above, should be implemented correctly, let’s take a 5-minute plunge into the theory of roofing.

Roofing options for half-hip roofs.

The main roofing options that involve the use of the structure presented in this material:

Attic. This type of construction is suitable for those who wish to have additional living space, but do not have the opportunity to build another floor. This will be an excellent solution for a combination of two opposites - the desire to have a roof with original design and the possibility of adding additional space.
. This design idea can be implemented if the room on the upper floor does not fit into the cocked hat of a gable roof type. The result will be a huge space that is livable.
Gable half-hip. This design also has a triangular shape. The roof slope (hip) on the back side of the house is cut off almost at the very top. This roofing option is suitable for small houses whose owners do not particularly need additional living space.

By making such a roof, you will also reliably protect your home from the harmful effects of precipitation.

Where to begin?

Even if you have experience as a builder or roofer, then before installation work there will be nothing wrong if you ask the search engine for “half-hip roof drawing” and then purchase reliable drawings of the truss system and roofing pie.

By purchasing a detailed plan for the future structure, you will be able to calculate all the nuances of the installation work and make the roof so that it is not only a decoration of the house, but also performs all the functions assigned to it.

On the other hand, you simply won’t have to tell the workers and explain in detail all the stages of the work being performed.

Now let's look at what you need to pay attention to when drawing up a plan.

1. and her design features. The half-hip roof is considered the most difficult option. Therefore, here you should strictly observe all the parameters and measurements that will be laid out on the drawings. And so there will be an increased consumption of both wood and metal tiles ( sheet metal) due to too much miter cutting at the joints.

2. Ventilation grates and air ducts. It is about this part of the installation and construction work For some reason many people forget. But it is the correct air circulation that increases the service life of the rafters, whether the windows in the house will fog up, whether mold will appear on the walls or not.

3. Gutter system. The correct functioning of a half-hip roof depends on correct installation drains, set slopes and calculations of all loads. All these details can be easily provided for if a detailed roof plan is available.

4. total cost the entire structure. This includes installation work, and , and building materials (timber). Many experts who make up technical documentation, they try to calculate the full estimate that is necessary for the construction of the roof, but taking into account the materials that you choose.

Before erecting this type of roof, you can choose finished drawing. But in this case, you will not be able to provide for all the features and nuances that are inherent in your area. It is best, as practice shows, to create a personal project that can emphasize the individuality of your home and the landscape where you live.

Installation work.

1. Necessary calculations. When calculating the amount of material needed, seek help from a specialist roofer. Spend more than redoing a poorly done job later. But the most the best option– contacting a construction company.

2. Concrete base rafter system. A concrete belt is poured along the entire perimeter of the base using reinforcement to strengthen the screed. When pouring concrete, it is necessary to insert pins (Ø at least 10 mm). They are installed so that they protrude above the concrete by 10-15 cm at a step distance rafter leg(at least 1.20 m).

3. Waterproofing. Roofing material or film is placed on the frozen screed.

4. Wooden base rafter system. Along the entire length of the reinforced belt, beams are placed in which holes are drilled for the prepared pins. After installation, the threads on the pins should protrude by 3-4 cm. Tighten with nuts. All! The base is completely ready.

Don’t get to work without professional advice: how to more complex design, the more you need their help. Soberly evaluate your capabilities and skills, and the roof will always delight you and protect you from bad weather.

Half-hip roofs are one of the most interesting options, borrowed from Northern European architecture. Their streamlined shape is extremely adapted to gusty winds. Shortened triangular slopes allow you to significantly expand the boundaries of the usable attic space without placing a massive roofing structure on the walls.

They look stylish on buildings of any number of floors and purposes. The only drawback lies in the complicated construction technology. However, those who know how the rafter system of a half-hip roof is constructed will cope with the work without any problems.

The half-hip “family” cannot be unconditionally classified as a four-slope class. Moreover, it clearly served as the mother base for development. Rather, it is a community of structures with two and four slopes, the construction of which predetermines the use of both construction methods.

The half-hip category differs from hipped parents in that the characteristic triangular element hipped roofs shortened Adjacent to it is part of the vertical gable of a stone house or similar gable wooden structure. The shortened hip, naturally, is located at an angle to the indicated gable walls. The angle between them can be convex or concave, and the half hip is located at the top or bottom.

Based on the shape and location of the structural components, half-hip roofs are divided into two main types:

Dutch. The roof has a trapezoidal half-hip occupying the lower part of the gable slope. The trapezoid is adjacent to a vertical triangle with its upper base, together with which they most often form a concave angle, less often a convex one. The triangle can be solid or equipped with a dormer window.
Danish. Roof with a triangular half-hip occupying top part end segment. The base of the triangle rests on a vertical trapezoidal pediment, together they create a convex angle. The Danish version is very similar to a regular hip roof, only its end slopes are shorter.

Based on the two basic varieties, many variations with a half-hip theme have been developed. These include not only structures that differ in height, size of slopes, angle of inclination, and shape of elements. Eat hipped roofs, all sides of which are built according to the Danish or Dutch principle, there are buildings that have a shortened hip on only one end or one side.

In all structural combinations, part of the rafter legs is mounted according to the rules for constructing frames for gable roofs, i.e. hanging or layered method. Hanging rafters are installed if the box being installed does not have an internal load-bearing wall or it is not possible to install supports for the ridge girder. On the contrary, the layered method is implemented when there is or can be arranged for the upper heels of the rafter legs of the gable roof segment. reliable support. The lower heels of both types of rafters are supposed to rest on the mauerlat, on the upper crown of the frame that replaces it, or on the floor beams.

Regardless of the number of design versions, the construction of the rafter system is based on one of the main half-hip methods or on their combined use. Having dealt with them, you can understand how to apply Danish or Dutch technology in the arrangement of own home and, like a regular pitched part of the roof, combine it with shortened hips.

Dutch roof rafter system

Construction of a structure with a trapezoidal short hip and triangular pediment above it is not much different from the structure of the traditional hipped type. True, in plan, the diagram of the rafter system of a half-hip roof of the Dutch type does not resemble a sealed postal envelope. It looks more like a rectangle divided in two with trapezoids along the edges end sides. True, until the stage of constructing short slopes, all work is carried out in the same way.

Basic construction process

First, the supports for laying the ridge girder are installed. Instead of separate support posts, a frame can be used, the upper side of which will serve as a purlin for the future roof. Then ordinary rafter legs are installed. Technological differences begin when installing diagonal legs and Dutch half-hip flanges. After all, they are required to form the plane of a shortened pentagonal slope, and not a full-fledged triangular hip, as in standard hipped roofs.

The goal is achieved by installing a horizontal jumper, to the corners of which diagonal rafters are connected with a notch. Some of the hooks, located in the center of the future slope, are fixed at the top to the break with nails or corners. The rest of the spigots are being mounted the usual method: to the diagonal rafter at the top, to the mauerlat or floor beam at the bottom.

To ensure rigidity in the half-hip area, the areas where the lintel is attached to the ordinary rafters are reinforced with struts. The outer trusses on both sides are made double. The places where the lintel is fixed to the post and to the rafters are additionally reinforced with short pieces of boards nailed to the bottom. They will prevent deformation of the structure when the load is exceeded.

The triangular part of the pediment rising above the shortened hip is sheathed with boards or sheet material. However, smart owners arrange small entry windows in the vertical triangle. natural light and providing ventilation.

The photo selection will familiarize you with the common types of Dutch half-hip roofs and the shapes of rafter systems:

Mix of Holland and Denmark

As usual, the basic Dutch version became the basis for the development of a lot of modifications. According to one of them, the place of the pediment triangle is taken by a half-hip of a similar configuration. With a pentagonal shortened slope, it forms a convex rather than concave angle. It is worth noting that concave angles also occur in a number of architectural solutions. In plan, the diagram is similar to the usual envelope, but the projection of the hip components is different.

The difference is in the construction algorithm. At the stages of constructing the gable part of the roof, work is carried out as dictated by the layered or hanging technology. Then, in order to create a characteristic break, first of all, a shortened analogue is mounted in front of the outer row truss, and diagonals are attached to its corners. Then everything is done according to the above plan and according to the drawings of the Dutch rafter system for a half-hip roof. Only the upper hip triangle is constructed using the Danish method.

Danish type rafter frame

The Danish variety is no less interesting than its Dutch “friend”, but the design of the rafter system is based on a slightly different method. In fact, both types of roofs can be organized from two tiers stacked on top of each other. This is how it is built, which is quite suitable if an attic is to be located in the attic space. However, the broken method is significantly more expensive and more troublesome than the half-hip method, which should be familiarized with due attention.

Construction of a Danish roof step by step

We have already found out that the short Danish hip has a triangular shape, and the adjacent pediment has a trapezoidal shape. The roof is very similar in plan hip structure, but the shortened hips are much smaller and their angles do not coincide with the angles of the roof.

Before construction, it is highly advisable to acquire a decent project and make calculations of the elements rafter frame. It's too tedious to worry about calculating the size of each element. According to experienced roofers, it is enough to calculate the longest part of the system. Other elements are allowed to be of equal or slightly smaller cross-section.

Construction of the ridge part of the frame

The construction of a half-hip frame begins according to the rules common to all roofs with the installation of a Mauerlat. The lower heels of the ordinary and hip rafter legs will rest on it. It should be taken into account that the support will be carried out at different levels, because upper planes load-bearing walls and pediments are at unequal heights.

The construction of the first stage of the rafter system is carried out in four stages:

Construction of the Mauerlat. In the example described, it will not be similar to the traditional wooden frame. The timber for the installation of the Mauerlat is laid in separate strips: 1 - flush with the inner surface of the external walls, 2 - in the center of the internal load-bearing wall and 3 - flush with the internal plane of the gable walls.
Laying floor beams. It is performed perpendicular to the mauerlat beams of the main load-bearing walls. If it is necessary to join two beams weakness connections must be located above a load-bearing internal wall.
Installing ridge girder supports on an interior wall. The outer support posts determine the length of the main part of the roof. The distance between row posts must be equal so that the load from the roof is distributed evenly. Before fastening, the verticality of the supports is checked with a plumb line or more serious laser tool. After fastening, the position of the racks is temporarily supplemented by auxiliary jibs.
Installation of ordinary rafter legs of the main part of the slopes, for which the traditional one is used.

There are no images of floor beams in the example drawings, because it would interfere with understanding the principle of the process. In reality, there must certainly be an overlap.

Installation of diagonal rafters

The diagonal rafters of a Danish roof connect the edge of the ridge to the corners of the gables. For their manufacture and installation, a number of specific actions are carried out to allow the work to be performed with sufficient accuracy:

A piece of board measuring 50x150mm is installed flush with the outer plane of the pediment mauerlat. It should be temporarily secured with a pair of nails so as not to move or drop during subsequent fitting. The trim is needed to mark the position of the notch in one fell swoop without unnecessary manipulation during fitting.
A board of any size is laid on 3-4 row rafters so that it is clearly parallel ridge run. The horizontality of a kind of landmark is controlled by measurements with a tape measure or laser level gauge. Next, you need to pull the board up to the pre-nailed section. The intersection of the board and the segment will indicate the point along which the horizontal line of the upcoming cut is drawn.
A diagonal element of the rafter system is made from a 50x200mm board. According to tradition, fitting is done first. The board should be attached to the top of the extreme roof truss and to the corner trimming. It’s better to work together: one holds the workpiece, the other marks it.
On the outside, i.e. On the half-hip side of the workpiece, a horizontal line is drawn clearly along the central axis.
Taking into account the fact that the element mirroring it will be tightly adjacent to the rafter being manufactured, with inside The cut line in the plane is marked. You can, of course, not immediately take into account the planar cut, but adjust both diagonal blanks later after the fact. It is up to the master to decide on the spot what is more convenient.
The size of the upper cut is measured. It is needed to set aside a measured distance at the bottom for accurately drawing the lower node. In the example it is 26cm.
The 26 cm obtained by measurements are laid upward from the pediment mauerlat at four points, repeating the imaginary 3D contour of the rafter board.
On solid ground, all marked cuts are made - the diagonal leg is ready. If there were no special flaws in the construction of the box and laying the mauerlat, you can immediately make a second rafter of the same half-hip.

Before installing the diagonal rafters, the pediment mauerlat is freed from the auxiliary trimming of the board. The finished rafter legs are moved to their proper place and securely fixed. Nails are suitable for fastening the top heel; it is better to use corners at the bottom.

Manufacturing and installation of hip legs

The lower heel of the diagonal rafter leg rises above the mauerlat to a distance that requires mandatory measurement. The result obtained should be set aside from the top of the ridge and noted. From the point found in this way, a string is stretched to the middle of the pediment. It will serve as a guide in the manufacture and installation of central hip rafters.

In order to install the central leg of the half-hip you need to:

Using a small construction inclinometer, measure the angle β located between the lace and the support post. It will help you accurately draw the line of the top cut.
Measure the angle φ between the diagonal elements. It is needed to grind down two edges on the upper heel in the form of a chamfer for a tight fit into the knot.
A board of suitable length with a cross-section of 50x150mm is first sawn at an angle β, then the sawn is sharpened on both sides so that an angular protrusion with a value of φ is obtained at the end.
The workpiece needs to be tried on again. It is installed directly on top of the stretched lace to measure the amount of elevation of the workpiece above the ridge knot.
The result is transferred down to determine the depth of the bottom cut. In the example given it is 6cm. They are laid strictly vertically, and a horizontal line is drawn from the resulting point. The lines for cutting down the cutting of the lower unit are ready.
Immediately following the marking of the cut, the line of the lower cut is marked. To do this, use a tape measure to mark off the width of the cornice and, from an imaginary point, draw a vertical line intersecting the hip rafter blank.
After completing all the intended cuts, the hip leg is not attached immediately, but is used as a template for the production of sprigs.

Sprinklers for filling hip slopes are made without deviating from the studied methodology, but taking into account the actual dimensions and specifics of the installation. The upper cut is sharpened only on one side at an angle equal to φ/2. With the bottom knot everything is simple - all lines should be symmetrical in the correct layout. Upon completion of processing of the workpieces, all hip elements are installed and fastened like their ordinary counterparts.

Similar actions are carried out during the manufacture and installation of the main ramps. To form the lower cuts, one of the hip elements is used. For the top cut, first a line is drawn at an angle β, then it is sharpened from the required side at an angle obtained by calculation using the formula 90º - φ/2.

Among the stages of preparation:

Installation of gable fillets forming the end overhang. They are attached with galvanized metal corners to the outer edges of the main slopes, and supported with notches on the inclined sectors of the shortened pediment. The installation step of the fillies is approximately 1 m. Between brick or concrete wall and wooden elements must be waterproofing. There is no reason to use expensive polymer or bitumen-polymer material. You can put pieces of roofing felt or several layers of glassine under the fillies.
Installation of a wind board around the perimeter of the roof. Work begins by attaching 50x150mm boards to the gable and main overhangs. The length of the board for decorating gable cornices is determined according to the project and adjusted according to the fact. Using a tape measure or string from the diagonal rafter leg, you need to draw a straight line to the gable wind board. Then you need to check the future position of the diagonal rafter in relation to the angle of the wind sheathing with the design readings. The wind boards located at an angle, adjacent to the fillets, are first tried on and sawed down, then fastened.
The diagonal elements are built up using a board of equal size. The sections are simply spliced with an inch piece.

The Danish type rafter frame is ready. All that remains is to hem the cornices and build the sheathing according to the technical specifications of the covering being laid on the roof.

The principle of constructing rafter systems for roofs with shortened hips is not simple, but understandable. The difficulty lies only in the arrangement of the end parts, and we have described the rules and specifics of their construction in as much detail as possible. Now you need to apply the information received in practice: practice construction yourself or supervise a hired team.