A well-made and insulated vestibule can make a significant contribution to maintaining a comfortable microclimate in the cottage.

Tambour retains heat

According to standards living rooms(bedrooms and children's rooms) must be separated from the street by at least three doors. When they are opened sequentially, cold air remains between them and does not enter the living spaces.

At the same time, the house remains warm, heating devices They don’t “warm up” the street. And in the summer, the coolness in the house is preserved, which is especially important when using air conditioning.

Thus, both winter and summer provide more efficient use climate control technology and saves on heating or cooling costs.

In addition, the vestibule blocks the formation of drafts and prevents smoke and unnecessary odors from entering the house. Finally, here you can leave your shoes, and with them the dirt from the street.

Reliable insulation

Whether the vestibule will act as a temperature barrier for other rooms depends, first of all, on its thermal insulation qualities.

The outer wall of the vestibule, being part of the external structures of the house, - compound element thermal contour of the building, and its “pie” should help ensure and maintain the “thermos effect”.

The wall is made of the same material as the entire house. But if additional insulation, for example, for a wall made of ceramic block or laminated veneer lumber is usually not required, then in the vestibule area, experts recommend installing a layer of thermal insulation from polystyrene foam, perlite or mineral wool slabs (basalt or glass wool).

For the latter, film vapor barrier with inside, which will prevent the insulation layer from getting wet and losing its qualities. From the outside, a reinforcing mesh is strengthened onto the heat-insulating layer and then covered with finishing paint or plaster.

Technologies for vestibule

Attached the vestibule can also be made using winter garden technology: frame made of aluminum or plastic profile with double glazing. The main thing is to ensure reliable connection of the profile structure with the main wall.

To do this, make an expansion joint: leave a gap 20-50 mm thick, fill it with fibrous insulation (tow or mineral wool, but not polyurethane foam) and are protected with façade sealant or waterproofing tape.

The same seam must be made at the junction of the cottage foundations and the entrance vestibule to avoid the appearance of cracks in the future. But the roof of the extension cannot be joined in this way. To cover an attached vestibule, it is better to perform an independent truss structure, and close the joint from above with a cornice strip.

Also in the vestibule you need special attention Make sure there are no cracks: around the perimeter of the doors, along the baseboards and in the corners. It is better to fill large holes with mineral wool, but you can also blow them out with polyurethane foam, and fill small cracks with tow, seal them with insulating tape, or simply “close” them with silicone sealant.

Doors for vestibule

Particular attention should be paid to doors. The outer one should be made of solid wood or a metal frame with internal insulation.

Perfect as a second one balcony door With double-sided handle, glazing and complete sealing of the opening due to two sealing contours.

You can put a simple one, even interior door made of wood or plastic, you just need to cover it around the perimeter with a rubber seal.

To heat or not to heat?

The question of the need and possibility of heating for the vestibule raises a lot of controversy. Some experts strongly recommend drawing a contour here common system heating to avoid the appearance of frost on the doors or ceiling of the room in winter. In addition, according to them, the vestibule can become so cold in cold weather that it ceases to act as a temperature buffer.

However, according to building regulations, heating appliances should not be placed in rooms that have external doors to avoid freezing of the coolant.

And most designers do not recommend connecting the vestibule to traditional systems heating: this leads to unnecessary, completely unnecessary energy costs. Herself the essence of the vestibule is to be a buffer, a mixing zone of cold and warm air .

Heating the vestibule

It is permissible to install two heating devices here. Firstly, this cable heated floor. It will not harm the main function of the vestibule, will provide a more comfortable change from street shoes to house slippers, and will speed up the melting of snow, which often accumulates on the soles.

Will be beneficial and air thermal curtain , that is, several fan heaters installed above the doorway, with a flat, clearly directed air flow.

It will be enough to install a curtain of low power (1.5-5 kW) so that a wall of warm air along the opening completely cuts off the cold air from the residential area. In this case, the vestibule will be used only for changing shoes and accumulating street dirt.

Even in the most inhospitable home Entrance door It opens all the time, whether you come yourself or guests, the dog asks to go home, you go to work in the garden or do something around the house. During the entire time the door is open, the air carries with it heat or cold from the street, and the feet of those who enter dust and dirt during the cold and damp season.

To solve such problems, a vestibule is built in the house.

Despite the seemingly obvious benefits of a vestibule, many perceive this small space at the entrance only as a small storage room and a place for shoes. The following opinion is also widespread - this mini-room is not needed, it eats up the residential area without much benefit, and also requires additional expenses for arrangement. And many designers ignore the vestibule when planning the construction of cottages. This decision is justified as follows: it is enough to make a well-insulated (or better yet, double) door, and these short-term “ventilations” will not play a big role.

However, a vestibule is necessary and useful in every home. The only exception is buildings in the southern regions of the country, where the climate is milder.

It should be borne in mind that building codes do not directly oblige the installation of a vestibule in residential buildings.

But, according to the regulations, living rooms (bedrooms and children's rooms) must be separated from the street by at least three doors. This requirement is fully met by the vestibule, which is an intermediate, buffer space between the first and second (internal) entrance doors.

Due to their sequential opening, cold air remains between them and does not enter the living spaces. Also saved home warmth, heating devices do not “warm” the street. And in the summer, the coolness in the house is preserved, which is especially important when using air conditioning. Thus, both in winter and summer, more efficient use of climate control equipment and savings in heating or cooling costs are ensured.

In addition, the vestibule blocks the formation of drafts and prevents the penetration of smoke and various odors into the home. Finally, this is where you can leave your shoes, and with them the dirt.

Features of the vestibule layout

There are no separate standards for the design of vestibules. However, there are rules that also regulate the arrangement of this space.

It is advisable to locate the entrance to the house, and along with it the vestibule, taking into account the prevailing wind directions in the area. A door on the leeward side will make the house a little warmer, because gusts of wind will not blow into it.

Wherein the vestibule can be built into the main volume building or attached to it in the form of a protruding part (risalit), where a staircase can also be placed. The front door must open outward: this improves its resistance to burglary and increases free space in the vestibule, provides more safe evacuation in case of fire.

It is not necessary to organize natural lighting; artificial lighting is sufficient. But in interior door glazing can be provided: this will increase both illumination and improve the visual perception of space. The floor covering must be hard and non-slippery (including when wet). When installing dirt collection grates, they should be installed flush with the top floor covering, without a protruding threshold. This guarantees safer travel. Finally, the vestibule area is often lowered two or three steps below the level of the first floor, which further helps to retain the cold in this room.

Reliable insulation

The usefulness of the vestibule as a constructive temperature barrier for other rooms depends, first of all, on its thermal insulation qualities. The outer wall of the vestibule, being part of the external structures of the house, is an integral element of the thermal contour of the building, and its “pie” should help ensure and maintain the “thermos effect”.

The wall is made of the same material as in the rest of the house. But if additional insulation, for example, for a wall made of laminated timber or laminated timber, is usually not required, then in the vestibule area experts recommend installing a layer of thermal insulation made of foam plastic, perlite or mineral wool slabs (basalt or glass wool - read more about seamless insulation). For the latter, film vapor barrier on the inside and waterproofing on the outside are required. From the outside, a reinforcing mesh is strengthened onto the heat-insulating layer and then covered with finishing paint or plaster.

The attached vestibule can also be made using winter garden technology: a frame made of aluminum or plastic profile with double glazing. The main thing is to ensure reliable connection of the profile structure with the main wall. To do this, make an expansion joint: leave a gap 20-50 mm thick, fill it with fibrous insulation (tow or mineral wool, but not polyurethane foam) and protect it with façade sealant or waterproofing tape. The same seam must be made at the junction of the cottage foundations and the entrance vestibule in order to avoid the appearance of cracks over time. But the roof of the extension cannot be joined in this way. To cover the attached vestibule, it is better to make an independent rafter structure and cover the joint from above with a cornice strip.

Also in the vestibule you need to pay special attention to see if there are any cracks: along the perimeter of the doors, along the baseboards and in the corners. It is better to fill large holes with mineral wool, but you can also blow them out with polyurethane foam, and fill small cracks with tow, seal them with insulating tape, or simply “close” them with silicone sealant.

Particular attention should be paid to doors.

The outer one should be made of solid wood or a metal frame with internal insulation. As a second option, a balcony door with a double-sided handle, glazing and complete sealing of the opening due to two sealing contours is perfect. You can also install a simple one, even made of wood or plastic, you just need to line it around the perimeter with a rubber seal.

Which vestibule to build – heated or not?

The question of the necessity and possibility of heating the vestibule raises a lot of controversy. Some experts strongly recommend installing the circuit of the general heating system here to avoid the appearance of frost on the doors or ceiling of the room in winter. In addition, according to them, the vestibule can become so cold in cold weather that it ceases to act as a temperature buffer.

However, according to building codes, heating devices should not be placed in rooms that have external doors to avoid freezing of the coolant. And most designers do not recommend connecting the vestibule to traditional heating systems: this leads to unnecessary, completely unnecessary energy costs. The very essence of the vestibule, why it is needed in the first place, is to be a buffer, a mixing zone of cold and warm air.

It is permissible to install two heating devices here. Firstly, it is a cable heated floor. It will not harm the main function of the vestibule, will provide a more comfortable change from street shoes to house slippers, and will speed up the melting of snow, which often accumulates on the soles. An air thermal curtain, that is, several fan heaters installed above the doorway, with a flat, clearly directed air flow, will also be beneficial. It will be enough to install a curtain of low power (i.5~5 kW) so that a wall of warm air along the opening completely cuts off the cold air from the residential area. In this case, the vestibule will be used only for changing shoes and accumulating street dirt.

Ergonomics of the territory

Tambours are often used as storage rooms and old shoes, household equipment, and small building materials are stored here. Thus, they clutter up the space and increase the area of ​​surfaces that collect dust. In a small vestibule, it is advisable to arrange only shelves for shoes, as well as hooks and shelves for keys and other accessories. You can also hang a mirror on the wall. In the more spacious vestibule, after a walk, a baby stroller and sled are left.

If the depth allows, then you can equip a built-in closet (for example, a wardrobe) and store skis, balls and other sports equipment inside it. A mezzanine is made for the same purpose. And at the same time, due to it, the ceiling level is reduced so that there is no feeling of a well in the vestibule. Boxes from purchased equipment are stored in these same furniture elements, which should not be thrown away during the warranty period, etc. But the most frequently worn outerwear and hats should be stored in the wardrobe or hallway.

It is convenient when a door to the adjacent garage is built into the side wall of a spacious vestibule. Finally, internal and external doors are positioned both along the same axis, perpendicular to the facade, and at an angle of 90° to each other. The second option reduces airflow, but is less convenient as it makes it difficult to carry furniture.

Leave dirt in the extension

The entire history of a person’s movements during the day remains on the sole of the shoe: in the form of dust, small pebbles, snow, ice, etc. In a word, dirt. All of it remains with the shoes in the vestibule, but gradually accumulates and, sooner or later, ends up in the house. To prevent this, rag or rubberized mats are most often used, but they quickly become dirty, and the former also get wet. As a result, such coatings not only do not retain dirt, but also “return” it to the soles.

So it is better to use special dirt protection systems. For example, grilles made of aluminum or hard rubber, as well as combined products (they have metal strips alternating with rubber inserts). The cells in the grid should be square or diamond-shaped and of such a size that clods of dirt are collected and are not a trap for women's heels. The entire area of ​​the vestibule should not be covered with grating. But to ensure complete collection of dirt, its width should be equal to the doorway (or better, 10-20 cm wider than it). The thickness of the grate is assumed to be 1o-16 mm - this allows you to collect up to 7-10 kg of dirt and clean it less often. At the same time, dirt can be collected using a grate on the outside area near the door, then a canopy should be strengthened over the entrance to protect it from precipitation.

Read also:

Features of the final finishing of the vestibule

A vestibule is a room with constant changes in temperature and humidity. Materials that allow wet cleaning should be used for walls and ceilings. For example, you can use facade paint, plaster or plastic panels. But gypsum and other types of materials intended for indoor use are not suitable - coatings made from them may crack.

For visual increase spaces are chosen light colors finishing. Finally, a wear-resistant material is laid on the floor. ceramic tiles, natural or fake diamond or linoleum. They not only resist abrasion, but are also easy to clean.

Location and layout of the vestibule (schematic drawing)

1. Traditional small vestibule with wardrobe
2. Tambour, which also serves as a hall with stairs
3. An unusual planning solution allows for efficient use of space
4. The entrance is recessed into the façade of the house, which provides even better protection from the cold. There is an exit from the vestibule to the garage
5. The entrance to the house is made on the same level as the facade. A door leads from the vestibule to the laundry room
6. Part of the vestibule having complex shape, reserved for a small dressing room

Additionally to the article:

1. Most often, the vestibule is built from the same material as the house.
2. A translucent structure, for example made of glass, can also serve as a vestibule.
3. In small old houses, for example in adobe, they often did summer kitchen- essentially the same vestibule, insulating the residential part of the house from the cold.
4. The construction of a vestibule in the main volume of the house, with reasonable planning, can help in zoning the space
5. If the vestibule is small, then the door should be installed so that it opens to the street.
6. It is better to heat the vestibule autonomously - using a “warm floor” system or a fan heater installed above the external door.
7. The vestibule, lowered 2-3 steps below the level of living quarters, better retains the cold.
8. Fencing off a small hallway by turning it into a vestibule is easy and inexpensive, and the resulting buffer will allow you to save on heating costs.
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The warm floor in the hallway is an element of the heating system of the apartment or country house, allowing to improve the internal microclimate and provide comfortable accommodation homeowners and tenants.

Depending on the element that provides heating of the floor surface, heated floor systems are classified as water and electric.

In water-type structures, the source of thermal energy is the coolant circulating through the heating circuit laid in the floor preparation.

The heating circuit is made of metal-plastic pipes, laid in the form of a coil, and water or another liquid substance with good thermal conductivity characteristics is used as a coolant.

In systems electric type, the source of heat is electrical energy.

Such devices, depending on their design, can be divided into three groups:

• Heating cable - laid in the floor screed in the form of a coil.
• A heating mat is the same heating cable, but already laid on a flexible base (fiberglass or other similar material) in the factory.
• Thermal film - source infrared radiation, thermoelements are located inside the film.

The choice of heated floor design depends on the area of ​​the heated surface, technical characteristics the premises where the installation of this system is required, as well as the indicators of the power supply system and other parameters that determine the possibility of using this or that type of heat source.

Advantages and disadvantages of heated floors

Depending on the design of heating devices and the type of heat source, “warm floor” systems are characterized by the following advantages and disadvantages, which can be formulated as follows.

The advantages of installing a water-type heated floor include:

1. Environmental Safety.
2. Favorable temperature regime provided by the parameters of the circulating coolant.
3. No need to install heating radiators increases usable area premises where this system is installed.
4. Comfortable perception of heat transferred from the floor surface to the interior space of the room (radiation through the entire floor surface).
5. Cost-effectiveness, in comparison with electrical analogues, in terms of payment for the services of energy supply organizations.
6. No electromagnetic radiation.

The disadvantages of water type heating are:

1. Lower reliability compared to electrical analogues.
2. Difficulty obtaining permission to execute installation work in apartment buildings.
3. The labor intensity and complexity of installing such a system.
4. The need to perform additional installation work related to waterproofing the base on which installation is being carried out, which in turn leads to an increase in the cost of construction and installation work in general.
5. If it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the coolant entering the “warm floor” system, the installation of additional equipment is required ( mixing unit, circulation pump), which also leads to an increase in the cost of this type of system.

For "warm floor" systems based on the use electrical energy, also has its advantages, in addition to those listed above related to water systems:

• Wide range of uses for objects and premises for various purposes.
• Easy installation and maintenance.
• Long service life.

Main disadvantage electric heating– these are the costs associated with paying bills for consumed electrical energy.

Installation of heated floors in the hallway

Depending on the area of ​​the hallway or corridor located at the entrance to an individual house or apartment, as well as the coating material (laminate, tile, linoleum) and floor structures ( concrete screed, reinforced concrete slab, lumber), the heating system is also selected.

A water structure, as a rule, is used when it is necessary to heat a large floor area, while the cost of its maintenance does not depend on this indicator.

The pipes are laid on waterproofing, which in turn is placed on a layer of thermal insulation placed on the base (floor slabs basement). After that he lies down reinforcement mesh and the entire system is filled concrete mortar. The floor finishing material can be different, depending on the personal preferences of the user and the style of the hallway.

When using electric heating, the design looks like this.

A special heating cable is laid on a layer of thermal insulation, which is placed on the ceiling. The cable is secured with a special adhesive mounting tape.

A temperature sensor is placed in the space between the cable turns to monitor the temperature in the heating zone. A sand-cement screed is laid on top of the cable, on which the finishing material is placed.

The temperature sensor is connected to the thermostat, which operates the system automatically in accordance with the specified parameters.

When using a heating mat, the “pie” itself for laying the heating element and the automation system are similar to the option of using a heating cable. The difference is that the mat is manufactured in a factory and has certain geometric dimensions and electrical power, which determine the possibility of its use in a particular place.

The installation of such a system is much simpler than when using a cable, since to install it it is enough to roll out the heating mat itself on a prepared base and carry out subsequent construction, installation and finishing work.

Infrared heating (film)

This is the safest and most energy efficient way to heat the floor. Infrared rays heat the surface of the floor, walls, objects and things located in the area of ​​their radiation, after which their heat is transferred to the air in this room.

Thanks to your little ones geometric dimensions(film thickness), similar systems mounted directly under the floor covering.

Whether a warm floor is needed in the hallway and which system to choose, if there is such a need, everyone decides for themselves individually, focusing on the requirements for the microclimate of a given room and economic feasibility.

A vestibule is necessary in any private home. Many people don't pay enough attention to this small room, believing that the vestibule is only suitable for storing clothes and shoes, but this is not so. It is very important to avoid drafts, additionally insulate the front door and minimize the entry of street dust directly into the house. In addition, the design of this room is also important: since the vestibule usually occupies a minimum area, its decoration should be simple and concise. At the same time, it’s worth furnishing the vestibule as comfortably as possible, because it is this space that you find yourself in right from the doorstep.

Types of vestibules

Tambours are not always installed in front of the entrance to the house, but recently they have become increasingly popular. To save money, vestibules are made in the form frame extensions, having a polycarbonate base, and a more expensive option is a brick extension, which is also often made for large houses. This space is important to minimize the entry of cold air and dust into the living space. At the same time, vestibules are very diverse.

• Tambour-hallway- This is the most common option. In this case, there is no need for an additional hallway directly in the house - very often it is not installed at all. Thus, this vestibule allows you to save space - it will ideal option for small houses in which everyone square meter I want to use it as rationally as possible. In such a space you can place a small wardrobe, hooks, shelves for shoes and a mirror. Good lighting is important for maximum comfort.

Good lighting is important for maximum comfort.

• Tambour-veranda or combined with a balcony- this is usually enough spacious room With large windows, which can be used for outdoor recreation. There is often a small table, a bench, miniature cabinets for storing things, and on the windowsills you can grow seedlings or houseplants. For supporting comfortable temperature It’s better to make double-glazed windows and an insulated front door. A similar layout is often chosen in spacious private houses or cottages.

• Tambour-seni often done in residential buildings: this option involves using space for economic needs. This is an ordinary insulated porch where everything needed for gardening, repairs and cleaning the house is usually stored. However, even such a space can be stylishly decorated by placing all the necessary things in cabinets.

Finishes and materials

The decoration of the vestibule can be very different - everything will depend on your budget, the design of the exterior of the house, as well as the need to seriously insulate the vestibule or simply avoid drafts. Materials for the vestibule can be varied - consider all the options and determine Which one is best for your home:

• Plastic vestibule- This is a fairly economical option, which is often made for middle-class homes. In this case, the walls are assembled from PVC panels - this material is quite durable and resistant to changes weather conditions. It’s not difficult to assemble such a vestibule even on your own. At the same time, it is very important to insulate it. This can be done by upholstering the walls with additional insulation - the cheapest and most traditional option is felt, but there are also more modern thermal insulation materials.

• Brick vestibule For brick house will look the most harmonious, and will also turn out to be the most durable and practical of all possible options - such a design will last for decades and will be able to protect the interior space from wind and cold. The brick should be chosen to match the color of the house so that the vestibule fits into a single ensemble with the main structure. A brick vestibule always looks good and often does not even require additional finishing from the inside, which is one of the absolute advantages.

A brick vestibule always looks good and often does not even require additional finishing from the inside, which is one of the absolute advantages.

• Glass vestibule often made to be used as a veranda. You can make completely open glass walls and ceiling on a frame. Such a project will not be cheap, especially considering that all glass must be insulated for a comfortable stay inside in cold weather. At the same time, such an unusual design solution is certainly worth the money: you will get a wonderful view of the yard and will be able to feel like a part of nature, and indoor plants will feel great in this vestibule. One possible problem may be the need for regular wet cleaning so that the glass remains transparent.

• Wooden vestibule most typical for the same wooden houses. However, any option can be used to decorate the outside or inside with wood - for example, brick or plastic. The tree is not the most practical material On average, such vestibules have to be repaired after 10-12 years. At the same time, wood can look excellent; it leaves a lot of room for imagination: you can make carved decorations, varnish the boards or paint them in any color. Wood will fit perfectly into a country style design and will allow you to fully feel like a part of nature.

Deciding on the size

Many people refuse a vestibule for the reason that in a small house it will take up too much space, which they want to use as economically and expediently as possible. However, the vestibule may not take up as much space as it seems. Consider the following popular sizes and decide How spacious a vestibule do you need?

• The minimum depth of the vestibule is considered to be 1.4 m, and the width should be only 1 m. Many owners small houses economy class, it seems that the smallest vestibule is the optimal solution, although this is not always true. The more spacious vestibule can accommodate functional cabinets and shelves, and, at minimum size vestibule, it will take up space without performing any practical function.

Therefore, such a vestibule-porch should be made more likely in a spacious house, where it is possible to create a separate hallway and veranda.

• Suitable for maximum space saving medium-sized vestibule with a width of 3-4 m. In this space you can easily arrange a hallway: you can put a small closet, place open wall shelves or shelves for shoes, hang hooks for outerwear and put up a mirror. Thus, inside the house itself there will be no need for a hallway.
• Spacious vestibules in private homes with a width of more than 5 m owners often arrange it like a veranda. It’s especially good if the vestibule is located big window or is it possible to do mirror wall. At good insulation, such a vestibule will become a favorite place for breakfast or dinner in a small family. It is enough to put a small table and a few chairs.

DIY vestibule

If desired, you can even build a vestibule with your own hands. It is an ordinary extension to a private house. If the house has a porch, the task will be significantly simplified - you just need to surround it with walls. If there is no porch, you will need to make a foundation and a floor: if you have never done construction, For this it is worth engaging professionals, otherwise, such an extension may become askew or collapse in just a few years.

When creating a vestibule in place of a porch, it is important to initially draw up the project correctly. Consider the following nuances:

• The vestibule walls can be made from a wide variety of materials. It can be wood, brick or PVC. PVC is the easiest to work with, although brick and wooden walls You can also do it yourself.
• Walls made of wood or PVC should be installed on a frame. It can be made from wood or metal rods. If you can't handle welding, a wooden option is the way to go.
• For insulation, the inner surface of the walls should be lined with felt or modern materials, retaining heat. Then the walls can be finished with plasterboard, painted or wallpapered.

• If possible, it is worth making a vestibule with a window - this will be especially useful for a spacious vestibule. At the same time, if you want to make glazing with double-glazed windows that will not allow cold air to pass through, you will have to turn to professionals for this.
• The plan should be developed taking into account how the extension is located in relation to the house. For example, you may have a house with a vestibule on the side or front. Think about making it easy to enter the house from the street, but also think about how the vestibule will affect the appearance Houses. If you have cottage with a separate vestibule, there is no need to build it too wide. It is important that the extension looks harmonious.
• Think about the lighting of the room in advance. If you have a very small vestibule or an option with a window, one lamp will be enough. For spacious extensions you need bright light from one or more sources. This is especially important if you are going to use the vestibule as a hallway.

See below for a master class on building a vestibule.

Vestibule interior design

Many people neglect interesting design solutions in the vestibule, without considering it as a full-fledged part of the house. At the same time, the environment at the threshold of a living space is very important - this is what will allow you to feel comfort from the very entrance to the house. You can make almost any design inside the vestibule - everything will depend on the layout, purpose of the room, and also on your tastes.

Ceiling decoration is usually not very diverse. Most often it is simply covered with white plaster, less often it is made suspended ceilings. Sometimes the ceiling in the vestibule can be horizontal, and sometimes it is left in the shape of a triangular roof - both of these options can look good.

In a spacious vestibule, some place lamps along the entire perimeter of the ceiling, but usually limit themselves to one light source.

The floor can be finished in many different ways. Consider the following options:

• Some people prefer to leave the floor concrete, but in this case it will always be cold: you should lay down a carpet and walk only in shoes.
• Linoleum is inexpensive option, which will allow you to finish the floor, and it’s not at all difficult to lay it yourself. At the same time, in the vestibule of a private house this option often turns out to be not very practical; linoleum quickly gets scratched and torn.
• Instead of linoleum, you can put a high-quality laminate. It will look better, last longer, and will also be warmer. In addition, now you can find laminate with very interesting designs - for example, multi-colored or monotonous options that imitate wood, as well as models with prints and ornaments.

• Parquet is a fairly expensive covering that is rarely installed in a vestibule. At the same time, it can look great, serve for decades, and will also make you feel closer to nature - this great option for connoisseurs of country style.
• Many people tile the floor. This can look very interesting, because the choice of modern tile options is extremely large. In addition, you can cover the stairs with the same tiles, which will make the design more seamless and harmonious.

The design of the walls leaves the greatest scope for imagination. The most possible different variants– it all depends on your preferences and layout:

• Wallpaper is used quite rarely - due to the temperature contrast, it can quickly peel off, so it is only suitable for temporary decoration.
• The easiest way to beautifully decorate the walls in a room is to simply paint them. If the walls are perfectly smooth, you can apply a thin layer of paint just on the plaster, and it will look good. If the walls are not made perfectly, you can give them texture - now there are techniques for applying relief paint with strokes or splashes - this will help make minor imperfections invisible.

The paint should be dark or pastel colors- depending on the area. You shouldn’t make white walls, because they will quickly get dirty, and designers also recommend avoiding bright colors in small spaces.

The presence of an entrance gateway not only helps reduce heat loss, but also contributes to more quality organization life of residents. Our review will explain to readers the need to build a vestibule and tell us what this extension should be like for correct execution their functions.

What problems does the vestibule solve?

It is impossible to briefly list all the diversity architectural solutions, which are adopted by modern developers. The shape of the house, the height of the base, the appearance of the facade and the appearance of the entrance group can be very diverse, but most opinions agree on one thing - there is always a place for a vestibule.

The most obvious excuse for building an entrance gateway is to isolate the internal climate of a home from the street. If there is a vestibule, the living quarters will always be separated from the weather by at least one door; accordingly, heat loss due to air exchange will be limited to the volume of the entrance room. Equally important, the gateway completely eliminates the appearance of drafts that cause serious discomfort to residents located in the immediate vicinity of the entrance.

There are also more practical points. The category of people who settles in the a private house, while observing the “apartment” way of life. On personal plot Almost always there is housekeeping, therefore there are home clothes and shoes. But snow, dirt and foreign odors have no place in the house; it is better to remove such things before entering the habitable area, for which the vestibule is best suited.

Actually, the presence of a vestibule in a private house is not strictly necessary; the absence of an entrance gateway can be compensated for by the layout of the hallway and additional dressing room. However, for greater objectivity, we list the secondary advantages that the vestibule provides:

• cool area for storing vegetables and other food products;
• a place where you can leave a stroller, bicycle or sled, and wash your dog’s paws after a walk;
• protecting the porch or stairs from ice;
• protection of the metal entrance door from freezing.

Foundation, porch and walls

Let us note right away that vestibules can be classified as warm and cold, and the presence of heating does not play a role in this classification. We are talking about the location of the vestibule relative to the building plan: it can be located inside the thermal contour of the house, or partially or completely outside it. The first case is quite trivial from a construction point of view, because today even amateurs can divide internal rooms with partitions. Therefore, in the future we will focus on the construction of the attached vestibule.

Attaching a vestibule to a building is not an entirely simple task; the reason for this is the uneven settlement of the soil, which has already settled under the house, and will still settle within a few centimeters under the vestibule. Therefore, the foundation for the vestibule must be closed or, at least, connected by a lintel of a smaller cross-section, and also separated from the base of the house by a deformation shrink seam from XPS. IN general case for the construction of a vestibule, a shallow one is recommended strip foundation(MZLF) with an insulated blind area, the distance from the edge of which to the supporting edge of the foundation is obviously greater than the freezing depth in a particular region. Under the tape, be sure to place a backfill of sand and gravel, compacted in layers.

It is desirable that the blind area on the side of the front door has a raised area about 100-120 cm wide and about 80 cm deep. The height of the porch should be at least 100 cm lower than the tape; it is recommended to fill this part monolithically with the foundation, having previously tied the reinforcement of both parts between themselves. Construction of walls can begin 10-14 days after completion concrete works. The wall material can be absolutely anything - from cinder block to wooden frame and sandwich panels. However, it is recommended to start building walls with a small parapet about 40 cm high, made of warm masonry material, for example aerated concrete block. Like the foundation, the walls of the extension must have a damping joint where they adjoin the house. Mechanical connection allowed frame walls with capital enclosing structures.

Selecting the degree of glazing

For an attached vestibule, it is highly desirable to glaze about 20-25% of the wall area, but this is not always advisable. The benefits of glazing will be obvious only with sufficiently high-quality insolation, for example, if the vestibule is located with south side houses, on the southeast or southwest corners.

The degree of glazing has no restrictions only if heating is not planned in the vestibule. Currently, glazing systems based on aluminum and PVC are extremely popular. IN summer time the glazed vestibule will be like a steam room, where it is unbearably hot, but in winter there is high thermal conductivity glass walls will not allow you to retain heat.

On the other hand, the complete absence of windows in the vestibule is also not desirable. Even a minimum of natural light will make using the extension much more convenient. One will be enough narrow window about a meter high with one swing-out door. Naturally, the window should be placed on the most illuminated side of the vestibule.

An example of a vestibule made entirely of translucent materials. It protects from bad weather and looks very impressive, but is not able to retain heat.

Roof and connection to the façade

Regardless of the roof configuration, it is recommended to bring the walls into a common plane so that the ends form an almost finished mauerlat. It is enough to fix it on the walls using a massive beam of about 100x150 mm, after which you can begin installation rafter system, the type of which determines the shape of the vestibule roof.

The simplest and least expensive option would be pitched roof, based on several inclined trusses. It is desirable that the slope from the roof of the vestibule is not directed towards the entrance door, while the release of the sheathing will allow the formation of a sufficiently wide soffit that can replace the canopy over the porch. The main benefit of this design is the simplest way to interface the roofing with the facade wall. It is enough to make a slot in the stone with a disk and insert the side of the Z-shaped strip into it, sealing the junction with silicone sealant.

A little bit more complex type The roof will be half-hip or gable with a small pediment. In this case, the junction with the wall of the house will be formed by two inclined sections. These junctions, as in the case of a pitched roof, are made with Z-shaped strips, which overlap the full width in the ridge area, overlapping each other. Under the overlap of the planks adjacent to the wall, you should generously blow silicone or bitumen sealant, and then press the connection with hardware. An additional complexity when constructing such a roof appears when installing the ridge: in order to mask the overlap of the abutment strips, it may be necessary to manufacture a special cutting element - a ridge cap with an external flap.

Is insulation and heating necessary?

The main function of the vestibule is to form a protective zone in which the air is still, thereby reducing the outflow of heat from the front door. Thus, a small extension protects the door well from freezing, although the temperature inside is only a few degrees higher than outside. However, the vestibule can also be used for more practical purposes.

A typical example is when it is necessary to dress a child: if you do this in a heated room, then at least one person will be dressed warmly and will definitely overheat. Many such actions are easier to carry out in a cool vestibule, which, even with minimal insulation, will not release the heat that penetrates from the house along with heated air through the open door.

It is not difficult to insulate a vestibule: for frame walls, insulation is provided in the cells between the posts; a stone extension can be safely insulated from the inside with materials with a reflective surface. In this case, there should be no main heating in the vestibule: removing even several sections of the radiator will significantly cool the coolant.

In general, the ideal option would be to organize a cold and warm zone along the floor in the vestibule. The latter is a small piece of heating cable laid in the floor in one of the internal corners. In this place you can keep outdoor shoes, which, due to heating, will dry well overnight. And in the opposite corner a cold zone is formed for cooling cooked food and storing vegetables.

Installation of entrance and internal doors

It remains to figure out the last nuance - how to correctly place the internal and external doors. It all depends on whether any valuable property will be stored in the vestibule. If yes, then external door must be strong steel, that is, access to the house is fenced at the entrance to the vestibule itself. In this case, the front door is not subject to freezing and ice formation, but the inside door must be insulated.

If there is nothing valuable in the vestibule, then the main door can be placed inside, making access to the annex practically unlimited or with the installation of the simplest English lock. Please note that a distance of 2-2.5 steps must be maintained between two doors so that in cold weather they are guaranteed not to be open at the same time. IN optimal option both doors should open into the vestibule.