A cellar for storing vegetables, food supplies, and canning is a traditional, indispensable element of country life. A well-built cellar maintains almost the same temperature, no matter what time of year it is. Thus, you can be sure that vegetables, fruits, pickles, and jams will be reliably preserved. No one will say that making a cellar with your own hands is easy. Of course not. But information about “what and how” will not hurt.
It is worth considering that the cellar and basement are different rooms, but they have the same goal - you can store food, gifts from the seasonal harvest. Proper basement ventilation is the main factor to pay attention to during construction.
Equipped storage under the house (in other words, a cellar in a cellar) is convenient, since everything is nearby: in winter you don’t need to get dressed to go outside, as if it were located separately. Also, you will not need to insulate walls and ceilings, because such a room always maintains a positive temperature.
The cellar is a purposeful building; it can have any area and can be equipped with all kinds of shelves, stands, and racks. A properly adjusted ventilation system, waterproofing, and thermal insulation will create an optimal temperature level for storing food. Unlike a basement, a cellar can be built in any place you want local area.
A separately located cellar can become part of the design concept and harmoniously complement the style direction of the garden plot.
Cellar design or why the basement is the coldest place in the house
This factor is explained by the laws of physics - despite the connection between the basement space and the outside air, in the summer the basement will be the coldest place in the house. In winter, the basement will be warmer, even if the rooms above are not heated.
This phenomenon is due to the fact that warm air currents much lighter than cold ones, so they rush upward. And the cold air tends downwards and concentrates in the basement.
In the summer, the house receives heat from the sun-heated roof, heated walls, and to the basement, of course, Sun rays they don't get there. But even if you don’t live in a country house in winter, and the house is not heated in any way, the basement will maintain a temperature slightly above zero. The lower the basement is, the warmer it will be in winter.
How to build a cellar
It is better to start planning the stages of building a cellar with your own hands with the onset of warm weather, but determine the level groundwater better in spring or autumn.
There are three main types of cellars: above ground, in-ground, and semi-in-ground. Soil with high level the passage of water can become the main obstacle to the construction of a classic cellar. It is in such cases that it is recommended to choose a semi-buried or above-ground type of storage.
Stages of construction work:
Cellar ventilation
Ventilation of the cellar and basement is an important factor in maintaining acceptable temperature conditions for storing food supplies. Excessive dampness is an eternal companion of all underground premises. If you do not intend to engage exclusively in growing mushrooms, then you should take care to control air humidity.
If the cellar is located in the basement of the house, then the vents in the base of the house foundation (which are laid during construction) will specifically perform a ventilation function. For a small basement, about 5 square meters, such an air exchange system is quite suitable. To prevent rodents from entering, it is better to cover the vents metal mesh, and during frosts, seal tightly.
If you need a large basement, then based on natural air exchange supply and exhaust ventilation will become the best solution. For a separately constructed cellar, as well as a basement, it is necessary to provide two air ducts in advance. The thickness of the pipes (preferably PVC) depends on the size of the room. The most commonly used diameter is 20-60 cm.
The principle of operation of such a system works on the difference in temperatures inside and outside the cellar. Hood ( exhaust pipe) is located under the ceiling of the cellar, passing through the ceiling, leaving one end on the roof. The supply pipe also leads to the roof, but its other end, which is located indoors, must be no higher than 100 cm from the basement floor. Grids and dampers at the outer ends of the pipes will protect the air ducts from precipitation and help regulate the level of heat in the room, if necessary.
Ventilation diagram in the cellar:
Waterproofing the basement from the inside
The cellar and basement should be dry - this is an axiom. In addition to standard waterproofing mastics (Aqua, Technonikol, BITUMAST), plasters (Monolit, Polimin, Scanmix), it is advisable to use penetrating waterproofing (for example, Penetron or Millennium).
The most effective methods:
- Penetrating waterproofing is effective, easy to use: applied with a brush to slightly damp walls, floors, and is environmentally friendly. Before use, it must be diluted with water until a homogeneous consistency is obtained.
- Liquid rubber is best applied to pre-primed walls and floors. It is desirable that the surface is smooth - this will facilitate the ideal application of the bitumen-polymer layer and ensure optimal adhesion. After applying and drying the first layer liquid rubber on strategic places (seams, joints, areas of communication lines), you can apply the second layer again.
- Waterproofing a basement using liquid glass works the same as penetrating insulation types. This is extremely effective method with a durable effect, has good breathability and water-repellent qualities.
Insulation of the cellar
It is advisable to take care of the insulation of the cellar as early as construction stages. After applying waterproofing layers, foam plastic (density 25) or polystyrene foam boards– they cover the walls of the cellar both outside and inside. These materials are good because they are not affected by fungus and mold, are easy to install, and have a low cost.
Stages of floor insulation:
- The rough surface of the floor is leveled and covered with waterproofing material.
- The insulation is being installed (approximately 4-8 cm).
- Polyphenol (multi-layer reflective insulation) is installed.
- A reinforced screed is placed on top of all layers.
As for the walls, the layering effect also works here:
- Waterproofing layer.
- Installation of foam plastic boards (or other suitable material), for fixing which you can use the appropriate adhesive composition.
- Cement screed (small thickness), reinforced with reinforcement for greater reliability. The M-100 cement grade is optimally suited for these purposes.
- Since the cellar is a room with high humidity, to enhance the effect, you can additionally treat the walls with a waterproofing compound on top of the screed.
- The finished surface can be covered with any finishing coating you like (tiles, wild stone, etc.).
It is better to carefully fill all existing joints with polyurethane foam.
Stairs in the basement
The ladder is important structural element cellar, basement. Your safety depends on them, so ladders must be properly manufactured and installed. The most common materials used for construction are hardwood, metal or concrete.
The staircase can be straight, rotary, spiral or attached - it all depends on individual design cellar or basement, as well as your preferences. The staircase must be strong, reliable, and preferably have railings. The thickness of the steps directly depends on the width of the tread.
It doesn’t matter what material the stairs are made from, but building codes must be strictly observed. The correct width, clearance, slope - these are the main parameters of construction.
A plastic cellar is an innovative alternative to standard cellars or basements. In fact, this storage It is a ready-made plastic cube (box), with strong walls, shelves, stairs, and a hermetically sealed lid. Such storage can be installed quite quickly and is subsequently not afraid of humidity - and this is an important factor for storing food supplies. To make such a container, plastic is used, which contains fiberglass or polypropylene. The ready-made factory version comes with a ventilation system.
A plastic cellar can be installed in any desired location in the local area or under a garage, house, or any building. The only one important nuance – correct installation boxes
Advantages:
- no temperature changes;
- humidity control;
- protection from rodents;
- does not absorb odors;
- easy cleaning and disinfection;
- not subject to corrosion;
- operational life is more than 50 years.
Installation process in general outline, phasing:
- A pit of the appropriate size is dug.
- The bottom of the pit is concreted (or a ready-made concrete slab is installed).
- The box is installed on concrete bottom, fixed with slings (or according to the manufacturer’s recommendations).
- The pit with the box is filled with a mixture of sand and concrete, only the entrance cover remains visible from the outside.
It is also worth mentioning the addition that the owners of such cellars sometimes make - we are talking about insulating the walls with foam plastic. Here opinions are divided, since the design itself is self-sufficient and, in theory, does not need improvement. This issue is decided only by the owner, but additional thermal insulation will definitely not harm the box.
Whatever type of storage room you choose, you need to take into account the characteristics of the soil on the site and pay close attention to all construction parameters. A plastic cellar, a separate building, or a basement in a private house, equipped with your own hands to store the gifts of summer, requires accurate preliminary calculations. If you stick to everyone building regulations, a self-built cellar will be long years to delight you and your loved ones with high-quality preserved products.
In our region, in the Black Earth Region, it has long been customary to make a cellar on the street in order to store numerous supplies in it. This also saves food supplies from spoilage in the summer, and in the winter the temperature in the cellar always stays around plus five degrees. Like a perfect refrigerator. In today’s selection I want to offer you ideas for beautiful outdoor cellars and even several plans for these structures.
Of course, you should take into account the groundwater level in your area, but even if it is high, you can dig a pit in the summer, in dry weather, and make a cellar with good waterproofing.
I remember that when I climbed into my grandmother’s cellar as a child, in the middle of summer she had ice in the hole, which had been stored there since winter, just to maintain a low temperature. The second name of the cellar is glacier, with an emphasis on the letter e. Apparently, it occurs precisely because ice is brought into the room from winter.
Approximate cellar plan for a private house or cottage
I won’t describe the plan; everything is clear in the drawing. This is an approximate plan for a cellar in the form of a hill, when you have close groundwater - this option is the most optimal.
The idea of a cellar combined with a barn
A great idea for a cellar for both a dacha and a private home; in this case, the pit itself is “covered” from above with a shed, in which some of the provisions can also be stored. A very convenient idea, but this option is narrower for those areas where there is no high groundwater.
Options for above-ground and underground cellars
On the left in the picture a cellar option for extremely high groundwater is shown; in this case, the earth is poured into a hill onto a frame, which almost completely stands on the surface of the earth, only going slightly deeper into the turf.
On right- stone cellar, classic version for dry, elevated areas.
The cellar is not some nondescript barn or nook, but a real food pantry. Like the refrigerator in ours modern houses. There used to be a reverent attitude towards cellars, because only thanks to it was it possible to preserve food in the summer.
Even now, even at the dacha, I recommend having at least a small equipped pit in which you can place perishable foods in the event of a power outage. Every summer we ourselves encounter power outages, either because of a thunderstorm or because of the wind, and we have such a mini-cellar. The dimensions of the pit are 50 by 100 cm, the depth is about 50 cm. Even meat can be kept for a day without any problems.
Well now let's see beautiful ideas cellar in a private house. In any village, on the street, you can still find masterpieces of construction art, of course, not all have been preserved in good condition, but there are owners who maintain their storage facilities in “shape”.
Just a variant of a bulk cellar, a triangular hut structure. Thick logs keep out the heat from the street, and additional earth is poured onto the roof.
Classic stone cellar with filled earth. Perfect option for storing large reserves of crops from your site.
Beautifully decorated cellar door with blanks. It is immediately clear that the attitude towards this building is very reverent!
Another example of a bulk cellar, the earth is very good material to maintain a uniform temperature inside the room.
The façade of the cellar was made of stone; there was even room for a flower bed! Doubly admirable! This is not some hill overgrown with weeds, but a work landscape design in the country.
A cellar made of cement is an excellent solution for storing vegetables for a long winter.
Another similar cellar option, which was already shown earlier. A dome-shaped shape covered with earth is perfect solution for those areas where groundwater is located high.
A beautiful bulk cellar that looks like a hobbit house! By the way, some architects design similar residential buildings, arguing that such buildings have low heat losses.
An ancient stone cellar in which Pomor fish were stored. The stone keeps cool for a long time, and if there is ice inside the cellar, then the food will be safe for as long as in a modern refrigerator.
Look, bulk cellars are the most common, as they provide a combination of coolness and dryness.
Be sure to consider the ventilation system in the cellar so that dry air comes from the street, so that there is air movement, otherwise there is a risk of white mold developing.
You can also keep containers with salt in the cellars, which will absorb excess moisture and foreign odors. Even tubs of salt are appropriate in large cellars!
The driest ones are chalk cellars made of limestone. In such rooms mold does not even grow! Here, in Voronezh region, there are areas where people simply hollowed out a cellar in the chalk rock - convenient and forever!
Even wealthy people make cellars on their property - in this case, the room is intended for storing wine.
The facade of the cellar can be made of brick, and the frame can be covered with earth or stone. By the way, the cellar mound can be designed in the form of an alpine slide!
A very beautiful antique-style cellar! The owner of the building deserves all the praise.
The entrance to the cellar is designed under a canopy so that precipitation does not leak into the pit, since this option is made underground.
The facade of the cellar is made of stones, the retaining walls are decorated with tubs of plants.
The façade of the cellar is made of brick and plastered. It is clear that the structure is ancient, since the tree on the right has literally grown into the embankment.
Country cellar with retaining wall from wattle. The solution requires regular updating, since such a wall will only last a couple of seasons.
A charming idea for a bulk cellar with stone surrounds and an earthen roof.
And this facade is simply gorgeous! There is paving in front of the entrance, decoration with pots of flowers, and a mowed lawn on top. In a word - magnificence!
So, this concludes our selection! All the best to you, inspiration and positivity! And if you are planning to build a cellar, then build it taking into account these ideas and recommendations. And may your harvest be safe and sound for a long time!
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In the territory suburban area It wouldn’t hurt to build a cool room for storing pickles, fruits, vegetables and other food products. In this regard, it is worth considering how to make a cellar in the country with your own hands. By completing all the steps step by step, you can create reliable and durable storage.
Even the small design allows you to store a lot of food
The cellar is usually located in a separate place on the street or under a residential building. Its main purpose is to store food supplies. Due to the device, shelves and other devices, it is possible to increase the functionality of the room.
Classification of cellars by depth level:
- underground structures are installed in dry places;
- semi-underground structures are erected in damp places with average groundwater levels;
- above-ground buildings are made when groundwater is too close.
Note! On a site with too high humidity a special cushion of sand and gravel mixture should be installed. It will separate the structure from groundwater.
The construction of a cellar does not require obtaining permission from any regulatory authorities, however, the developer must in any case decide on its location, taking into account some nuances. You should choose a site that is as dry as possible, away from trees.
DIY cellar at the dacha step by step: basic work
After selection suitable place for the country storage, you can begin basic work. The listed stages are relevant for underground and semi-buried structures. As for above-ground structures, they have a slightly different construction technology.
Pit preparation
When digging a pit, the following points must be taken into account without fail:
- the depth of the pit is determined by the design of the building;
- the area of the dug pit should be somewhat larger, since a certain part of the space will be occupied by walls and floor;
- You can avoid shedding of earth from the side walls by installing formwork;
- the removed soil should be left for embankment and design of the structure.
Important! Setting up a cellar with your own hands under the house deserves special attention. In this case, the need for laying floors is completely eliminated, since this function is successfully performed by the floors of the first floor.
Base structure in the form of a floor
Most suitable option is the fill of the bottom plane concrete mortar. To do this, all debris is removed from the pit. The surface is leveled and compacted, after which it is covered with a 15-20 cm layer of sand. A waterproofing membrane and reinforcing mesh are laid on top, then concrete is poured.
Thus, when asking the question of which floor in the cellar is best to install, first of all you should pay attention to the concrete base.
Construction of the walls of the structure
The side parts of the structure must withstand soil pressure. Mainly used in their construction are:
- concrete mixture;
- building blocks;
- brick;
- wood.
Laying floors
The first version of the floors - wooden beams. The load-bearing elements are laid with their edges on opposite walls, after which they are sheathed with boards. A waterproofing membrane is spread on top. The second option is to use ready-made reinforced concrete slabs. They are durable, which is why they are popular. They are laid on the end parts of the walls, after which they are covered with earth.
Creating high-quality ventilation
Constant air exchange will make it possible to avoid the appearance of mold and rot in the room, and will also allow you to maintain optimal temperature conditions. For ventilation, two pipes must be installed. One of them will be a supply, and the other will be an exhaust.
Suitable for ventilation plastic pipes medium diameter. However, their sizes depend on the volume of the room. The supply elements are usually located on one side, 20 cm from the floor, and the exhaust elements on the other, 30-40 cm from the ceiling.
Problem with high groundwater levels: do-it-yourself cellar
A certain category of developers may have the following dilemma: if groundwater is close, how to make a cellar? It’s worth mentioning right away that this is quite possible. To do this, first of all, it is necessary to make a ring drainage of the site where construction is planned.
Perforated elements are located below the depth of the soil along the perimeter of the pit. Their slope should be approximately 2 cm per linear meter towards the well or sewage pit. Pipes should be covered with crushed stone and wrapped with geotextile.
If the floor and walls are made of reinforced concrete, then high-quality waterproofing should be done from the inside and outside.
You can use a plastic container as a sealed room. large sizes. It is completely buried in the ground. By building a plastic cellar at your dacha with your own hands step by step, you can avoid mistakes associated with waterproofing the structure.
Related article:
Work after building a cellar with your own hands: photos + additional recommendations
Ensuring unhindered ascent and descent is carried out using. Its width should not be less than 40 cm, otherwise moving can be very difficult. It is allowed to make a slope of up to 75 degrees. The material can be wood, metal or concrete.
To store supplies, it is necessary to build special shelves or racks. Typically, 100x100 timber is used for their manufacture. The height of the structure depends on the height of the room itself.
To ensure that the cellar always remains dry and the temperature in it is stable, its construction should be carried out in compliance with certain rules and requirements. The work ahead is quite extensive, but in the future it will pay off with interest.
The cellar can be located either away from other buildings or located under a house, garage, bathhouse or barn. The storage facility located under the building allows you to save space on the site, and can also be used in winter time it will be much more convenient for them.
If you decide to build it in an open area, then you should choose a higher place - in a storage facility located in a lowland there will be constant dampness. It is advisable that a free-standing cellar be located in the shade. In this case, in the summer it will warm up less.
To avoid the collapse of buildings, in no case should a free-standing cellar be located closer than half a meter from their walls.
Types of cellars
The decisive factor when choosing the type of cellar is ground water level . If the aquifer is too close, spring floods will flood your food supplies every year. And no drainage system will not help - the more you pump out water, the faster the ducts will erode, and every year there will be more and more of it in the cellar.
To prevent it from being flooded during floods, it should be located 0.5 m above this level. To determine how close groundwater is to the surface, you can use:
- garden auger: 2.5 m long or more;
- spoon drill: it is used to drill wells under water, but it can also be used for similar measurements.
After drilling, the well should stand still for at least a day. Next, the water level is measured using a long rod lowered into the well. Depending on the result obtained, they decide which type of cellar can be built on the site:
- underground: a standard cellar located on a dry area, most often deepened by 2.5-3 m;
- semi-recessed; less demanding on the soil, its depth is on average 1 m;
- bulk: built on marshy soils, where is the level groundwater very high;
- a slope cellar, a type of bulk cellar, is used quite rarely.
To protect against frost heaving of the soil and preserve heat in storage cellar depth must necessarily be 0.5 m below its freezing level.
Construction of a cellar in stages
A cellar should only be built in summer – at this time the groundwater drops to its greatest depth. To prevent an open cellar from being flooded with water, work is carried out only in dry weather. If it does rain, cover the hole with polyethylene for a while.
Pit preparation
Construction of floors
It is not advisable to fill the floors in the cellar with concrete. The soil located below the freezing depth will be the main (and in the case of a cellar located outside the buildings) and the only source of heat in winter and cold in summer.
Clay castle
Our ancestors have long used compacted fatty clay to waterproof foundations and basements. Of course, it will not save you from rising groundwater, but clay is quite capable of protecting you from capillary moisture, which constantly penetrates through the thickness of the soil. This kind of protection is called clay castle
.
To create it, clay is laid in layers:
- at the bottom the height of the castle is 0.4 m;
- wall thickness 0.25-0.3 m.
To make the clay plastic, it is pre-soaked and left to soak for some time. The ideal option would be to harvest it in the fall. Over the winter under open air it will pick up enough moisture and it will be easy to work with.
It should not crumble, but also not flow out of your fingers. Clay is laid using adjustable formwork in small layers. You can start working with a new layer if it has dried to the consistency of plasticine.
The quality of the clay will be much higher if 20% lime is added to it.
Wall decoration
The walls can be made of brick, concrete, rubble or asbestos cement sheets. Thickness concrete wall should be 5 cm, buta - 25 cm. To protect against capillary moisture, they are coated before finishing bitumen mastic, hot bitumen or paste over roll materials(roofing felt, roofing felt, etc.).
To pour concrete, vertical formwork is prepared. To create a waterproof film, the wall can additionally be plastered with cement-sand mortar - iron-clad. The ratio of sand and cement in this case is 1:1. To protect against cracking, lime is added to the solution (about 1/10 of the cement). 
Be sure to insulate the hatch or door leading to the cellar. They should fit as tightly as possible and have no gaps. They are made of two layers and edged with a beam or a metal corner filled with any heat-insulating material (for example, polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene).
Ventilation
Since most vegetables should be stored in dry, ventilated areas, the cellar must be equipped natural ventilation. To do this, perform the following work:
- Exhaust and supply pipes are installed in the cellar:
Pros and cons of free-standing cellars
Free-standing buildings have significant disadvantages:
- Such storage facilities must be equipped with a ground part - an entrance and a roof, which significantly increases the cost of their construction.
- Inconvenient to use winter period: the passage to them will need to be cleared of snow. Plus in very coldy To avoid getting cold, it is not advisable to open them often.
But there are also positive aspects of having a cellar located outside the house. The temperature in the underground under a heated building is always much higher than in the cellar. Therefore, vegetables and fruits are stored in it only until the end of winter - by spring, potatoes, carrots and other vegetables begin to sprout, and fruits begin to flake. In a separate cellar they are stored excellently until the end of summer. Plus, if there is a subfloor in the house, rodents infest it faster. If supplies are kept in a separate storage unit, they are less likely to come into the house.
If land plot is small and there is no space for building a separate cellar, you can use the advice of the author of this video and make a mini-cellar with your own hands:
It is difficult to replace a cellar in a country house with a refrigerator: only a special room can accommodate vegetable supplies and dozens of jars of salads, jams and pickles, which were lovingly prepared by zealous housewives. One of the popular options is not to use the basement of a residential building, but to build a cellar with your own hands not far from the house, making an original external finishing and equipping the interior to your liking.
It is necessary to distinguish between two concepts - cellar and basement. The room that is located in a house under the first floor, that is, below ground level, is usually called a basement. Its area is most often equal to the area of the house, so it can easily accommodate several utility units. There can be storage rooms (including a cellar), a boiler room, a laundry room, and with thoughtful thermal insulation - extra room or swimming pool. A common option is a spacious garage combined with a workshop.
The cellar has a more specific purpose - it serves only for storing food: seasonal garden harvest or canned supplies. The premises are equipped with a large number convenient shelves, racks, stands, as well as ventilation system and planned thermal insulation, creating the most suitable mode for storing fresh vegetables. For some products there is a glacier (natural freezer). The cellar can be located either in the basement of a residential building or in a separate area, in a dugout or above-ground building. Building a cellar in a country house with your own hands is no more difficult than building a gazebo or a bathhouse.
A detached cellar is an opportunity to decorate your backyard with an original building of the most incredible design, reflecting the style orientation of the entire site
Masonry, unusual shape, heavy doors with iron hinges and bolts - and before us is not a simple village cellar, but a fragment of an ancient castle
Self-construction of a semi-buried cellar
The most common type of country cellar is semi-buried. It makes it possible to kill two birds with one stone at the same time: decorate the territory original construction and create optimal conditions for storing vegetables and fruits.
Design features of this building
The entire structure is divided into two parts of different sizes, one of which is above the ground, the second is completely in the ground. The depth of the lower part largely depends on the groundwater level. If it allows, the depth of the storage reaches 2.3-2.5 m. The height of the upper part depends on the purpose. If this is just a decorative vestibule, then it is small in area and limited in height front door, equal to the height of a person. If the above-ground part plays the role of a summer kitchen, dining room or guest house, then the ceiling height can be 2.5 m.
The desire to build a semi-buried cellar usually arises when the basement of the house is not intended for storing food, and there is also a need to build an additional building, for example, a summer kitchen. Definitely needed detailed plan work and diagram of the future structure. You can use any materials for the walls of the cellar, since its construction is similar to the construction an ordinary house With basement. As a rule, brick, concrete, stone are used, and wood is excellent for the above-ground part.
An excellent example of a semi-buried country cellar: a small stone vestibule with wooden roof rises above the ground, and the storage is underground
Semi-buried cellar: a – top view; b – in section; 1 – thermal insulation layer; 2 – finishing whitewash; 3 – upper layer- tile; 4 – bitumen coating; 5 – fixation with a clay lock; 6 – base
The floor in the underground part is poured with concrete, sometimes they stop with compacted clay. Wooden beams are ideal for floors. All parts of the structure: walls, floors, ceilings are covered with thermal insulation from available materials, for example, clay grease. The ideal option is to use modern waterproofing: mineral wool, bitumen and polymer coatings.
A convenient hatch connects both tiers, the dimensions of which are determined taking into account the transported containers - bags, boxes, buckets, cans.
The staircase leading to the cellar usually looks like an ordinary stepladder. If the ground room is not additionally heated, top part equipped with a hatch
General rules for building an independent cellar:
- Construction is carried out during the warm season.
- Elevation is ideal for building a cellar.
- A prerequisite is to equip the cellar premises with ventilation.
- Wooden parts are additionally treated with an antiseptic.
- The entrance door is located on the north side.
Underground part - cellar
First you need to dig a pit, which is half a meter in each direction larger than the cellar. A spare 50 cm will come in handy when you need to waterproof walls or install communications. The walls are made of bricks, concrete blocks or stones. If wooden logs or beams are used, then each part should be processed special means from rot and mold. Often a monolithic concrete structure is made in the form of a plinth: they prepare the formwork, construct a kind of mesh from reinforcement and fill it with concrete mortar. To protect corners and joints, roofing felt is used. After dismantling the formwork, the walls on both sides are plastered with cement mortar.
There is a solution to avoid waiting for the concrete to dry for a long time. Instead of monolithic pouring, you can use asbestos-cement sheets fixed to wooden sheathing. WITH outside installed structure should be covered with bitumen mastic.
Plaster for waterproofing a wall on the outside differs from the usual: it contains bitumen mass, which is an excellent water-repellent material
Protection against groundwater, which can not only increase indoor humidity, but also destroy walls, is drainage layer. It can communicate with a drainage well dug near the cellar. Gravel, broken bricks, small stones, and crushed stone are used as drainage materials.
If the cellar is built on a slope or in a trench, you must take care of water drainage by digging small grooves higher up the slope
The base of the building is protected with a moisture-proof cushion: a layer is poured broken bricks or crushed stone, compact it and fill it with heated bitumen.
Ventilation installation
To prevent hazardous gases from accumulating in the underground room and excess moisture from condensation, it is necessary to arrange ventilation - a primitive system consisting of just one pipe. An inexpensive galvanized pipe with a diameter of 10-15 cm will do. One end goes into the room where vegetables are stored, the other goes outside. A more advanced solution involves the presence of two pipes: one located under the ceiling is intended for exhaust, the second, above the floor, for fresh air.
Aboveground structure – burial chamber
The above-ground part is constructed last, when the work on equipping the cellar is completely completed, a clay castle and backfill are made. It should be wider than the lower part in order to protect the underground from the upper side from low temperatures, rain and melting snow.
There are several options for building a burial vault - from a miniature vestibule to a spacious room. If its main purpose is to protect the hatch leading underground, then it is enough to good waterproofing and a tight-fitting door. If you plan to make a full-fledged room suitable for frequent stays, for example, a summer kitchen, then you will have to take the improvement more seriously. Special attention You need to pay attention to the arrangement of the roof, thermal insulation and wall cladding. The final stage of cellar construction concerns the interior decoration.
The cellar, located partially or completely underground, naturally maintains the temperature optimal for storing fresh harvests and canned goods.
The interior decoration of the cellar includes not only flooring and wall cladding or plastering, but also the installation of shelving, boxes and boxes for storing crops
Overhead design
There are many ideas for building a burial vault. Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish it from an ordinary gazebo or summer kitchen: not far from the house there is a neat house with windows, and no one will say that underneath there is a spacious basement with a dozen shelves.
Often, for the construction of a cellar, it is not the basement of the house that is used, but a spacious underground room under summer kitchen– convenient and practical
Many buildings cannot be called anything other than a cellar. Their entire appearance suggests that behind the door are hidden rich food supplies for the winter, and perhaps even wine cellars. Such buildings are distinguished by their original design: deliberately rough stonework, unusual roof configuration, powerful oak doors.
A cellar surrounded on all sides by earth is easiest to build in an area crossed by a small ravine, ditch or artificially dug trench
Earthen cellars with the so-called embankment are the easiest to identify: they are surrounded on all sides by an earthen embankment covered with turf or a flower bed.