Comfortable living conditions in a country cottage cannot be created without a high-quality heating system. It must be sufficiently efficient and economical so that during the heating season in living rooms It was warm, and energy costs were not too high. To achieve this, you need to choose the right type of heating system, and then select the most suitable option connecting heating radiators in a private house.
Types of heating systems
The heating system in a private house can be:
air;
electrical;
Air system
This option operates without coolant. The air in the house is heated directly from heating devices - stoves or convectors. With this system, heating radiators are not used. Air heating is convenient for heating compact country houses. For large cottages it is used extremely rarely.
Electrical system
In such a system, heat is transferred through current conductors. Electric underfloor heating works on this principle. Heating with electrical system may be quite convenient. But its arrangement requires increased attention to safety rules, and during operation it is expensive for home owners.
Water system
A type of heating system in which heat is transferred through water (sometimes steam) as a coolant. The coolant comes from heating device through pipes to heating radiators. This option is considered the most convenient and practical. Most often, in country houses, heating is installed in this way.
Types of heating boilers
The central element of the heating system is the boiler - a heating device in which the coolant reaches desired temperature. The heating connection diagram in a private house largely depends on what kind of boiler is used in it.
According to their purpose, boilers are divided into double-circuit and single-circuit. The first option is equipment designed for both heating and water heating. A single-circuit boiler heats only the heating medium. According to the installation method, they are divided into floor and wall.
Boilers also differ in the type of fuel with which the coolant is heated. There are boilers of the following types:
-
electrical;
solid fuel;
liquid fuel;
combined.
To operate solid fuel boilers, coal, firewood, and less often peat and other types of solid combustible materials are used. Diesel or waste oils are used as liquid fuel for boilers of the corresponding type.
Majority country cottages heated gas boilers. In non-gasified areas, heating with electricity is often used. Completely independent from communication networks boilers are solid fuel and liquid fuel. The first option is more attractive because it requires traditional firewood and coal, rather than dangerous flammable liquids.
The most prudent homeowners install combi boilers in their homes, designed to operate on different types fuel. For example, you can install an electric boiler, complemented by a combustion chamber for solid fuel so that in the event of a power failure, switch to wood heating.
Double-circuit boilers that provide homes with heat and warm water are predominantly gas devices. They are universal, as they eliminate the need for homeowners to purchase and install a separate water heating boiler.
On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer house insulation services
Heating radiator design
The heating radiator consists of several heat exchange sections. The more sections, the correspondingly higher the battery power. There are models of radiators that can be “expanded” with new sections, if necessary, already during operation.
One collector passes through all sections at the top and one at the bottom. Each section has a vertical channel connecting the upper and lower manifold. This applies to all sections, including the outer ones. Therefore, the radiator has 4 outputs, but only two of them are used. One is connected to the coolant supply pipe, and the second is used to drain cooled water back into the boiler. Unused outputs are closed with plugs. This is how most radiators are designed.
Types of pipe system
In the heating system diagram, the relative position of the coolant supply inlet and the return outlet is of fundamental importance. This depends on the direction of the coolant and the type of pipe system.
Single pipe system
This is a simplified option for arranging heating in a cottage. This option is quite economical, as it requires wiring less pipes and is performed with less labor costs installation work. The system is a chain of radiators connected by one pipe. The coolant heated in the boiler enters each radiator in turn, flowing from one to another. That is, the “return” from one battery becomes the feed for the next, etc.
A single-pipe connection diagram for heating radiators in a private house has one significant drawback– with it, the radiators heat up unevenly. The first radiator will always be the hottest, and further from battery to battery the temperature will gradually decrease. Therefore, it is impossible to maintain the same temperature in all rooms with single-pipe heating.
At certain features layout, a single-pipe system may be quite suitable. So, if in small house the radiator chain will start from the living rooms and end technical premises, this option may be optimal. But in spacious cottages it is better to install two-pipe heating.
Two-pipe system
A more expensive option to install, but simple and easy to use. In this system, two pipe lines operate simultaneously. The first supplies hot water to each battery. That is, there is one pipe going into each radiator. The coolant, before entering the radiator, regardless of its location in the circuit, does not enter neighboring radiators, but goes directly. The second pipe collects the return from all radiators and delivers it to the heating manifold.
The advantages of the bottom type of wiring are that almost the same temperature is achieved at all heat exchange points. Such a system is better adjustable and ensures uniform heating of the entire building.
Beam (collector) system
The collector circuit is a variant of a two-pipe connection, but with more complex wiring. It is used in cases where it is necessary to hide pipes, for example under floor covering. In this case, two collectors are installed - for the supply and for the return, and from each radiator one pipe extends into the first collector, and another one into the second.
Some connection schemes use two types of system. The entire house can be heated using the two-pipe principle, but for a separate area, such as a veranda or large living room, a combination of several radiators using the single-pipe principle is used. When developing a two-pipe scheme for connecting heating radiators in a private house, the main thing is not to get confused in the supply and return manifolds.
Connection diagram of radiators to the heating system
The coolant moves through the pipes and channels of the batteries due to two factors. The first is the desire of the liquid to fill the voids. In the absence of air pockets, a natural dynamic coolant pressure is created. The second factor is the movement of flows of different temperatures. Hot water tends upward, displacing cold water into the lower flow.
Diagonal top connection
Diagonal connection of radiators with top supply allows you to arrange the most efficient heating premises. Hot water is supplied to the upper entrance, inside it is distributed into sections, and, cooling, falls down, after which it is forced out into the lower entrance into the return manifold, located on the other side of the radiator.
Two-way bottom connection
The supply is carried out into the lower inlet on one side, and the return comes out of the lower inlet on the other side of the battery. The efficiency in this case is lower than in the previous version. But this connection allows you to hide the pipes as much as possible.
One way bottom top connection
Mainly used in multi-storey buildings. In cottages of 2 or 3 floors with single-pipe heating is also sometimes used. The difference between the bottom and top connections is that in the first case hot water is supplied to the lower inlet and discharged under pressure through the upper inlet, and in the second case the opposite happens. In both cases, the plant and coolant outlet are located on one side. It is worth noting that of all existing options one-sided bottom connection is the most ineffective.
Video description
Which radiator connection system to choose?
Other options
Theoretically, you can also use a diagonal connection with a bottom feed or a double-sided connection with a top feed. These two options will also work if done correctly. However, the functioning of the system will be greatly hampered due to the intersection of flows. Therefore, it is better not to experiment and take a diagonal top connection or a double-sided bottom connection as a basis.
Radiator location
For high-quality heating of a cottage, you need not only to choose the right heating scheme, but also to correctly position the radiators in the rooms. Installation of heating batteries in a private house is carried out on the basis of calculations made by specialists. The number of radiators and sections for each radiator is determined taking into account various factors:
volume of premises;
level of heat loss of the building;
radiator insert diagram;
at what height the batteries will be installed, and much more.
Video description
Radiators are usually located under windows. This creates a barrier to the cold air flow coming from the window. In addition, the air coming from the window opening is “dried” by the heat from the radiator, as a result, condensation does not collect on surfaces in the room. The battery should be slightly narrower than the window, and it should be placed centrally relative to the window opening.
The radiator must not be adjacent top part to the window sill, since this complicates the process of heat distribution. There should be about 100 mm from the floor to the bottom level of the battery. A higher location will lead to the fact that the air directly above the floor will not warm up well. If you install radiators too low, it will be difficult to remove accumulated dust underneath them.
When planning the installation of batteries, it is necessary to take into account the features of the wall. Modern batteries are not very heavy, but in some cases the characteristics of the wall require reinforcement of the surface on which the bracket for the heating elements will be mounted.
Video description
Installation of heating radiators
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer water supply installation services, sewerage and heating. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Conclusion
The process of calculation, design and installation of a heating system can only be trusted by qualified specialists. But the most simple rules Every homeowner should know how to connect radiators. An effective principle of connecting and placing heating equipment is a guarantee that a favorable and comfortable microclimate will always reign in the house.
First you need to decide which steel radiator needs to be connected - with a side or bottom connection.
A steel panel heating radiator is connected in the same way as aluminum and bimetallic radiators. A steel radiator with a bottom connection has two terminals at the bottom - supply and return, which should not be confused.
Radiator side connection diagrams
There are three main schemes for connecting pipes to a radiator:
1. Diagonal connection- the most preferred option for maximum heat transfer. In this scheme, the supply pipe must be connected to the upper pipe of one side, and the outlet pipe to the lower pipe of the other side of the radiator. In this case thermal power at the radiator - maximum. When connected in reverse - the supply pipe is from below, and the return pipe is from above, the heat transfer from the radiator will decrease by 10%.
This scheme preferred for long radiators and radiators with more than 12 sections. The best option from an aesthetic point of view, there will be an option to lay suitable pipelines in the wall (in a groove, or behind a false wall).
2. Lateral one-way connection- the most common case in apartments. In this embodiment, the supply pipe is connected to the upper pipe, and the return pipe is connected to the lower pipe, on the same side of the radiator. Wherein maximum power less than in the case of a diagonal connection by 2%. By reconnecting the supply and return piping, the power is reduced by another 7%.
3. Bottom connection. This option for connecting a radiator is most often used when laying main pipelines in the floor or along a wall, when it is not possible to hide the pipes in a groove.
The maximum heat transfer of the radiator is 7% less than with a diagonal connection.
Connecting a steel panel radiator with bottom connection
Steel radiators with a bottom connection must be classified as a one-way connection scheme, because all wiring (upper and lower pipes) is made inside it.
It is also necessary to remember that when piping a steel radiator with a bottom connection, you cannot swap the supply and return lines. The return pipe is always the first from the near corner (see picture).
All steel radiators with bottom connections are universal, that is, they can be connected through the lower pipes or the second option, plug the lower pipes with plugs and unscrew the upper built-in thermostatic valve. Connect the supply pipeline to the valve location, and connect the return pipeline to one of the lower side pipes.
How to connect a steel heating radiator
A steel heating radiator with a side connection is mounted in the same way as any sectional radiator. In most cases, it has an outlet with a 1/2-inch internal thread into which the following are screwed: a plug, a Mayevsky tap and control valves.
Steel radiators with bottom connections are in most cases wrapped in copper, metal-plastic pipes or cross-linked polyethylene. To connect pipes to the radiator, as well as to isolate the radiator from the system, bottom connection units (angled or straight) are used.
The nut is screwed 3/4 onto the external thread of the radiator, the pipe is connected to the lower connection unit through a 3/4 Eurocone.
Some steel radiators have inlet fittings internal thread by 1/2 inch, to connect such a radiator to the bottom connection unit, you must use special nipples 1/2 x 3/4 for the Eurocone.
In addition, such radiators can be connected using conventional thermostatic valves.
The choice of installation method for radiators depends on the configuration of the heating system, which can be single-pipe, two-pipe, collector, natural or forced circulation coolant. Important parameters are also: the length of the system, the method of laying the coolant supply and discharge pipes, the dimensions and number of radiator sections. The connection diagram for heating batteries should promote maximum heat transfer from the devices.
Example of lower radiator connection during installation autonomous system heating in country house
Radiator connection: serial and parallel
IN single pipe system The coolant heated by the boiler passes sequentially through all radiators, therefore this connection of batteries to the heating system is called serial. The coolant cools down as it passes through the circuit, which leads to uneven heating heating devices(OP). In rooms located closer to the boiler it will be warm or hot, and in distant rooms it will be cool or completely cold.
In a two-pipe system, hot water flows into the OP through one pipe (supply), and through the other (discharge) the cooled coolant is returned back to the boiler. This pipe routing diagram assumes parallel connection batteries, ensuring uniform heating of all rooms in the house, regardless of their distance from the boiler. To reduce the temperature in the room, any radiator can be closed with a valve that blocks the path to the hot flow, while the rest of the system will operate as usual.
Where and how are heating devices installed?
Regardless of the type of connection, radiators are usually installed under the window sill to cover warm air way to the cold. Warm air currents rise up, forming an invisible protective screen. To " thermal curtain» worked effectively, it is necessary to comply with the prescribed building codes installation distances. A correctly located OP is located:
- 100 mm from the bottom of the window sill;
- 120 mm from the floor surface;
- 20 mm from the plane of the wall.
Important! These standards must not be violated, otherwise the installed equipment will not operate at full capacity.
Three ways to connect heating batteries
Method #1: one-way connection
The supply and discharge pipelines are connected to one side of the radiator. In this case, the coolant flows into the upper part of the battery, and the outflow goes through the return, which is connected to the OP from below. This method installation ensures uniform heating of all sections. This option for connecting accordion batteries is especially good for one-story houses.
Important! You should not use a one-way connection type if the number of sections exceeds 15. Ignoring this recommendation leads to significant heat losses.
Diagram of one-way connection of a heating device
Method #2: bottom connection
Suitable for pipelines hidden in the floor. The saddle type is included in the same group, but the pipes go above the floor surface. In this case, the inlet and outlet pipes are connected at the bottom of the battery: one on the left, the other on the right. Heating radiators with a bottom connection may heat up unevenly in the upper part, and up to 15% of the heat can be lost.
Diagram of the lower connection, which shows the direction of movement of the coolant in the device
Method #3: diagonal connection
Used when installing long heating devices with a large number of sections. The coolant supply pipe is connected to the top of the radiator, and the outlet pipe is connected to the lower outlet located on opposite side device. Result: water or antifreeze heats the surface of the convector more evenly. The amount of heat loss is only a couple of percent.
How does coolant circulation affect equipment installation?
If in heating system private house installed circulation pump, which forces water or antifreeze along the thermal circuit, you can choose any method of connecting radiators. The efficiency of the system in this case will not depend on the installation scheme of the OP to the pipeline. With natural coolant circulation, it is better to use a diagonal method of connecting batteries.
One of the reasons for the poor performance of the heating system in the house is improper installation of heating batteries, incorrect calculation of the number of sections in the battery, or incorrect location of radiators in the room and throughout the building. Therefore, indicated in the passport specifications batteries will not be satisfied. Correct installation of heating radiators involves the use of several schemes, and you need to know them before choosing the most optimal one.
How does a radiator work?
Structurally, any radiator is an assembly of heating sections combined into one unit (positions No. 1 and No. 2 in the figure below) by a manifold. There can be any number of such sections in one radiator, but usually the maximum number is 10-12 pieces. Sections can be added or removed, as they are connected to each other by thread. Some radiator models are made non-separable, which complicates their maintenance-free operation.
- 1 – collector from above;
- 2 – collector from below;
- 3 – vertical sectional channels in the radiator;
- 4 – radiator housing, working as a heat exchanger.
The vertical channels are connected to each other (position No. 4), and hot water moves through them. Both collectors have an inlet and an outlet (in the diagram for the collector on top these are B1 and B2, for the collector on the bottom these are B3 and B4). 
The supply of heated water from the heat generator is connected to the input, and the return pipe (“return”) is connected to the output. Unnecessary holes are closed with threaded plugs. When purchasing a new radiator, everything necessary details for assembly, including plugs, are included in the basic package. Exactly correct installation heating radiators and the connection diagram of the collectors determine the efficiency of the heating system. A Mayevsky tap is usually installed on one free outlet, which is also included in the kit. Effective installation of heating radiators includes two main schemes - 1-pipe and 2-pipe methods for connecting heating radiators. The choice of circuit determines how the supply and return will be connected to the system. Within the chosen scheme, the connection of pipes with coolant can be upper, lower, diagonal or lateral.
Attention: The figure shows a simplified diagram of the radiator design. A specific model will differ in design features.
Single pipe heating system
Such schemes for connecting heating radiators in a private house are considered the simplest and are used even in high-rise apartment buildings, despite their low efficiency. The popularity of the single-pipe circuit is explained by its low cost and simple installation. Therefore, connecting batteries according to this principle is one route that runs from the supply to the “return” connected to the boiler. For one floor, a single-pipe heating connection diagram in a private house looks like this: 
It is clear from the figure that the return pipe of the previous battery is the supply pipe of the next radiator. There is only one drawback of this scheme - in each subsequent radiator the temperature will be lower than in the previous one. In addition to the horizontal connection of the pipe with hot water There is also a vertical scheme, and this is also a good connection. This scheme is usually implemented in apartment building, it is mounted in two versions - “a” and “b”: 
- According to scheme “a”, the pipe with the coolant is supplied from above, and the water is directed downwards.
- According to scheme “b”, the bottom connection of heating radiators is implemented.
Option “b” is used to save materials, since this scheme has the main disadvantage - the temperature on each subsequent radiator drops even more than in option “a”.
Two-pipe scheme
Before connecting a heating radiator, you need to study the 2-pipe option, which is considered more efficient, simpler and capable of adjusting the temperature in each heating device. But connecting a heating radiator to a two-pipe system will require greater consumption of building materials and higher labor costs. 
The advantage of implementing such a scheme is obvious - in each radiator the temperature is maintained as efficiently as possible, at a constant and stable level, and the location and distance of the heating devices from the heat generator does not matter. A two-pipe connection of a heating battery is also carried out in multi-apartment high-rise buildings. The supply and return are plugged from above, and the result is a connection of two vertical collectors running in parallel.
In practice, other schemes are also used two-pipe heating– collector, also known as “radial” or “star”. But such complex wiring is used mainly for installation hidden wiring, for example, under the floor. It is clear from the figure that you must first assemble the collector itself and distribute heating pipes from it throughout the premises of the house. 
Before you correctly connect the heating battery, you need to understand which circuit will be most effective for a particular room and its geometry. Often batteries are connected using two schemes - 1-pipe and 2-pipe - even in the same room.
Radiator connection diagonally with top supply
Option “A” (see figure below) is considered the most effective. If the batteries are connected using this option, then in the calculations of the heating system a correction factor of 1 is introduced for the circuit, and for other connection options - corrections in one direction or another. Heated water passes through the pipe line unhindered, the pipes are filled to 100%, and there is no air in them. As a result, the heat exchanger heats up evenly over the entire area, which leads to maximum heat transfer to the room. 
- A – diagonal connection of heating radiators with top supply;
- B – one-sided scheme with top feed.
Option “B” is traditionally implemented in a 1-pipe circuit. This scheme is most widely used when connecting risers with coolant supply from above in high-rise buildings or when connecting pipes with supply from below on downward heating lines.
Positive point: the circuit works most efficiently if there are few sections in the battery.
Negative point: when large quantities The pressure heat exchange sections in the system may not be enough to push water through the uppermost ring. Therefore, water can flow through the nearby vertical sections of the battery, which will cause stagnation in certain sections of the heating main.
Approximate number of radiator sections per room - table:
| Brand | Thermal output | Room area, m2 (ceiling height 2.7 m) | ||||||||||||||||
| 8,0 | 10,0 | 12,0 | 14,0 | 16,0 | 18,0 | 20,0 | 22,0 | 24,0 | 26,0 | 28,0 | 30,0 | 32,0 | 34,0 | 36,0 | 38,0 | 40,0 | ||
| Required number of sections | ||||||||||||||||||
| Aluminum radiator A350 | 0,14 | b | 7 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| Aluminum radiator A500 | 0,186 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| Aluminum radiator S500 | 0,201 | 4 | 5 | b | 7 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| Bimetallic radiator L350 | 0,14 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| Bimetallic radiator L500 | 0,19 | b | 7 | 8 | 9 | AND | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 |
Even standard sizes Heating batteries will cause heat loss of up to 5%. And with an increased number of sections heat losses on each radiator it can reach 10%. Therefore, when connecting heating radiators to the wiring diagram, it is better to install batteries using the first method - “A”.
Radiator connection options
Water supply from below with one-sided pipe connection
The circuit has low efficiency, but at bottom connection coolant supply pipes are used very often, even in high-rise buildings. The option is justified by its ease of installation, economical use of building materials and low labor costs.
Disadvantages of connecting using this option:
- The appearance of a zone of stagnant water, which will lead to cooling of the furthest radiator.
- Heat transfer losses can rise to 20-25%.
Double-sided bottom feed
This option is used both in private houses and in multi-apartment high-rises. This scheme allows you to disguise the pipe line in the wall or under the floor. The efficiency is low, but it is precisely because of the possibility of secretly laying pipes that the option is popular.
Flaws:
- Heat transfer losses can rise to 10-15%.
- The upper sections of the battery sections will heat up less due to the counter flows of the cooled coolant, as hot water will tend to move through the lower collector.
Bottom diagonal connection
The most ineffective installation of heating batteries, but there may be cases of forced installation of just such a scheme.
Flaws:
- As mentioned above, the pressure in the line may not be enough to warm up the upper rings of the heating system as much as possible.
- In addition, resistance and temperature difference play a role. Therefore, if a radiator with more than the calculated number of sections is installed, a stagnation zone may appear under the coolant return pipe.
- Heat losses when installing heating according to a similar scheme are ≤ 20%.
Top connection on both sides
Before you connect the radiator correctly, you must understand that this option is ineffective. Flaws:
- The coolant is supplied through the upper collector, which means it will not flow down, and Bottom part The batteries will always be cold.
- This option is also used in exceptional cases when there are no other solutions. Connecting tall radiators using this scheme can be considered more or less effective.
Optimizing the battery connection - options
With an existing piping you don’t want to change it, but often this option is more profitable than replacing the radiator or changing the entire battery connection diagram in the system. The connection of pipes directly connected to the battery can be optimized if the heating radiator piping is changed geometrically (see figure below): 
Companies that manufacture heating batteries and radiators, almost always produce models designed for connection via different options sidebars, but most optimal solution connection, at least in Moscow, is considered a diagonal option, which is indicated as the most effective in the device passport. Also, the operating instructions (and possibly on the device itself) indicate the correct flow direction and other useful parameters. If it is not possible to purchase the above radiator, heat transfer is optimized using a valve. 
Such a valve is mounted between sections, blocking the intersection nipple. A heating pipe is inserted inside the valve, supplying or removing coolant - this depends on the selected battery connection option.
Another option for optimizing heat transfer is a flow extender. This is a special pipe Ø 16 mm, which is inserted into the upper collector of the heating battery. If the Ø 16 mm thread does not fit the radiator or battery, then you can buy an extension cord with a different thread diameter or connect it to the battery through an adapter coupling. 
The extension cord is most effective if it is connected diagonally to the battery from above in a one-sided version. In this connection option, the coolant through the cavity of the extension cord enters the upper remote edge of the battery and from there moves diagonally to the lower opposite end of the radiator. Thus, a variant of the coolant is implemented diagonally from top to bottom, in which all sections of the heating device are evenly heated.
Video about the operation of a 1-pipe heating system
Video about the operation of a 2-pipe heating system
Radiator location in the room
Even the most expensive radiator will not give the desired effect if it is connected incorrectly or installed incorrectly on the wall. Standard options mounting heating radiators - under window openings, next to the entrance doorways, in places where there are unremovable drafts. But there are also standard requirements for mounting heating batteries on walls and other surfaces:
- Under the windowsill. There is always room for a battery under it, since other interior items are simply not needed there. All drafts from the window are minimized by the heat flow from the radiator. With this arrangement of the device, its total length should not be more than ¾ of the width of the entire window. If this rule is observed, the thermal output will be maximum. The radiator should be mounted in the center of the window, the tolerance to the left or right should not be more than 2 cm.
- Between the window sill and the radiator there must be a height distance of at least 10 cm (or at least ¾ of the thickness of the heating radiator), but no more than 15 cm, otherwise the plane of the window sill will retain the entire heat flow or not reflect it when mounted high.
- The distance between the battery and the wall on which it is mounted should not be less than 2 cm. A smaller distance provokes the accumulation of debris and dust, which, in turn, reduces the heat transfer of the device.
These requirements are not enshrined in GOST, therefore they are advisory. If there are no other recommendations from the manufacturer, then it is best to take these tips into account when attaching any radiator. But most often, the manufacturer in the radiator’s passport indicates the optimal scheme for installing it on the wall, which should be used.
Conclusion
After considering the main options for connecting heating devices to the heating system, their main disadvantages, as well as the advantages of each connection option, clearly emerge. In addition, the considered options for optimizing heat transfer can be applied to any scheme, and recommendations for mounting radiators are always needed when installing a heating system in an apartment or in a private house.
If we talk about what comfort in the home primarily depends on, then one of the primary factors will be warmth. It is this that “breathes life” into any structure, regardless of whether we're talking about about a luxurious house with several floors or small apartment in a buiding old building. What provides warmth? Naturally, a well-designed heating system. Moreover, in modern conditions it must be not only effective, but also economical, and such a balance is not at all easy to achieve. Although, in principle, nothing is impossible, so on the pages of our website we consistently tell you how to create excellent heating in the home. This time our topic is heating radiator connection diagrams. This is one of the most important moments when installing a heating system, which can be implemented in several ways.
What types of heating systems are there?
In order to understand how to connect a heating radiator, you need to clearly understand what system it will be integrated into. Even if all the work is carried out by craftsmen from a specialized company, the owner of the house still needs to know what heating scheme will be implemented in his home.
Single pipe heating
It is based on the supply of water to radiators installed in a multi-story building (usually high-rise buildings). This connection of a heating radiator is the simplest.
However, while installation is accessible, such a scheme has one serious drawback - it is impossible to regulate the heat supply. This system does not provide any special devices. Therefore, the heat transfer corresponds to the design norm established by the project.
Two-pipe heating
When considering options for connecting heating radiators, it is naturally worth paying attention to the two-pipe heating system. Its operation is based on the supply of hot coolant through one pipe, and the discharge of cooled water in the opposite direction through the second pipe. Parallel connection is implemented here heating devices. The advantage of this connection is the uniform heating of all batteries. In addition, the intensity of heat transfer can be adjusted by a valve that is mounted in front of the radiator.
Important! Correct connection of heating radiators implies compliance with the requirements of the main normative document– SNiP 3.05.01-85.
Choosing a radiator installation location: what is the importance?
Regardless of whether the heating radiators are connected in series or in parallel functional purpose These devices do more than just heat the room. By means of batteries, a certain protection (screen) is created from the penetration of cold from the outside. This is precisely what explains the location of the batteries under the window sills. With this distribution of radiators in places of greatest heat loss, that is, in the area window openings an effective thermal curtain is created.
Before considering ways to connect heating radiators, it is necessary to draw up a diagram of the location of these devices. It is important to determine the correct installation distances for radiators, which will ensure their maximum heat transfer. So, the heating batteries are absolutely correctly positioned if:
- lowered from the bottom of the window sill by 100 mm;
- are located at a distance of 120 mm from the floor;
- spaced from the wall at a distance of 20 mm.
Coolant circulation methods
As you know, water, and usually it is water that is poured into the heating system, or naturally. The first option involves using a special water pump that pushes water through the system. Naturally, this element is included in the overall heating circuit. And in most cases it is installed either near the heating boiler, or is already a structural element of it.
A natural circulation system is very relevant in places where there are frequent power outages. The circuit does not include a pump, and the heating boiler itself is non-volatile. Water moves through the system due to the fact that the heated column of water displaces the cold coolant. How the connection of radiators will be implemented under such circumstances depends on many factors, including the need to take into account the characteristics of the heating main and its length.
Any of the four connection methods can be implemented if there is a circulation pump in the heating system