More than a hundred early flowering plants grow in Crimea. They belong to various families: primroses, ranunculaceae, violets, lilies, sedges, cereals and others. What unites them is their similar development in an ecological environment close to the extreme conditions of existence: low temperatures of soil, air and water, frost, sharp temperature fluctuations day and night. Many of them even develop under the snow, hence the name “snowdrops”. True snowdrops with the generic name “Galanthus” in Crimea are represented by an endemic species - folded snowdrop.
A characteristic feature of all early flowering plants is their increased demands on light and moisture. Therefore, it is no coincidence that our primroses bloom in the forest when there are still no leaves on the trees, and light easily penetrates under their canopy. In addition, at this time the soil is still rich in moisture, which is very important for these fast-growing plants.
In Crimea, you can get acquainted with the world of primroses as early as February, and sometimes even earlier. Under the loose snow and withered leaves from last year, small plants with fully formed flowers and miniature leaves are hidden. They are ready to throw away their flower stalks at any moment and defiantly announce the arrival of spring. The limiting factor is the still low temperature. But as soon as the sun warms up, the “snowdrops” literally explode in their development. Among them are the well-known coltsfoot And snowdrop, Crimean crocus And crocus Susiana, spring primrose, two-leaved scilla, spring clearweed, colchicum ankara, early types of violets and others.
A characteristic feature of early flowering plants is a small number of flowers. U tulips, snowdrops- 1-2, y scillas- 2-3, less often there are several of them and they are collected in compact inflorescences - corydalis, goose bows. The number of flowers is limited by the small supply of nutrients in the underground organs, as well as by the timing of plant development. But ephemeroid flowers are almost always large, up to several centimeters in diameter, and bright: yellow, purple, pink. Such flowers are clearly visible from a great distance. This is a device for attracting pollinating insects. It is known that insects have a special color perception. They perceive color in the ultraviolet range of radiation. Yellow and purple flowers reflect up to 40 percent of ultraviolet rays and are clearly visible to insects, but the red color for them is almost black. White color is also not very attractive. The flowers of some ephemeroids have additional decorations in the form of stripes, patterns, and dashes. These are nothing more than original signs and landmarks for insects, indicating the way to nectaries.
What tricks do plants go to in order to “add brightness”! For example, at lungworts Dark pink and cornflower blue flowers are located on the same stem. Moreover, buds and younger flowers are pink, and older, fading flowers are blue. Each flower changes color throughout its life. And this is explained by the properties of anthocyanin contained in the petals of lungwort - a special coloring substance. It is this that causes the change in color of the petals, which is a biological necessity: due to its variegation, its crimson-blue inflorescences with flowers of different colors are especially noticeable to pollinating insects in a light spring forest.
Early flowering herbaceous plants Insects were also “adapted” for seed dispersal, primarily ants. On the fruits or seeds of these plants, special, oil-rich, fleshy appendages are formed - elaiosomes, which attract ants, which become “gardeners” for primroses.
The Crimean spring is treacherous; sudden snowfalls and night frosts are not uncommon. Therefore, early flowering plants had to learn to deal with these troubles. For example, buds and stems sleep-herbs- one of the most beautiful plants of our forests - is covered with numerous long protruding hairs. This shaggy “coat” protects the buds from the spring cold.
The cell sap of primroses acts as a non-freezing antifreeze, well known to all car enthusiasts. If at the beginning of April frosts suddenly strike and snow falls, then, once in the forest, you can see that the young, just beginning to open leaves of hornbeam and aspen, caught by frost, have turned brown and shriveled. But fragile corydalis or amazing cyclamen Kos continue to bloom as if nothing had happened. It is impossible to notice the slightest trace of frost on these delicate plants!
After flowering, primroses experience a deep summer dormancy associated with the lack of sufficient lighting and moisture in the forest. In the second half of summer, the laying of vegetative and generative organs occurs. In autumn, a second deep dormancy sets in, restraining their development on favorable autumn days, when the forest is again light (the leaves have fallen) and humid (autumn rains are falling), and the temperatures of the soil, air and water are still relatively high. But winter is coming! Frosts can come suddenly. Natural selection secured the second warning dormancy in the “snowdrops”. In mid-December it ends and a forced rest sets in due to the absence necessary conditions development. If you place scillas, corydalis, and tulips indoors in December-January, they will bloom magnificently.
Among the early flowering plants, in addition to perennials, there are also annuals, the so-called ephemera . These are small (3-10 centimeters) plants, barely visible among the growing greenery. The entire life cycle (from seed to seed) takes place in a few days, less often - 2-4 weeks. At the end of April, when the grass turfs grow, they dry out and cannot be found. Some ephemera, e.g. spring stonefly forms entire flowering aspects in early spring.
Speaking about early flowering plants of Crimea, one cannot help but recall dogwood. Dogwood bushes bloom long before the leaves bloom, usually in February (and only in relatively cold winters does flowering occur in March). Bright yellow flowers look very elegant in a transparent forest in spring! Dogwood flowers are pollinated by both wind and insects. Such an unusually early flowering fruit tree gave rise to a Crimean legend about a greedy shaitan who chose a dogwood tree, hoping for a quick harvest. But I miscalculated: dogwood bears fruit later than everyone else, in October-November.
Many spring plants are massively destroyed. Some are intensively collected as medicinal ones. Others have highly decorative properties and are used for bouquets. Organized for sale, snowdrops, dream grass, wild tulips, and crocuses are destroyed. Cyclamen Kos is on the verge of complete extinction.
According to environmentalists, every year during February-March about 15 million snowdrops were exported from Crimea to the Ukrainian capital alone! Of course, they are listed in the Red Books. But where are they, these Red Books? And here we are, ready even now - for nature. If a person, if you and I, do not regret, do not help, do not understand the troubles of our plants, no Red Books will help Crimea. With the loss of each species, we deprive not only ourselves, but also our children's children. In Japan, children are taught from an early age that only a bad, cruel person can pick, throw away or trample a flower. Every spring, during the cherry blossom season, Japanese families climb the mountains to admire the flowers. Let's admire the Crimean flowers, because you can only touch beauty with your heart!
The end of April/May is the best time to visit Crimea. It’s not very hot yet, the greenery has not faded, there are no crowds of people like in the summer.
But the main attraction of this time is the flowers.
Below are photographs and descriptions of Crimean flowers taken in 2003,2004,2005,2007 and 2008, during May holidays(end of April/beginning of May). Mainly represented are the Bakhchisarai, Yalta and Sudak regions of Crimea.
SLEEP-GRASS, CRIMEAN ARROW (Pulsatilla taurica)
He's a snow tulip, he's a little sunny, he's a grass-grass, he's a boar's lumbago, he's a shooter, he's a raspberry, he's a beaver.
Grows in mountains, oak forests, mountain meadows, steppe areas of foothills and rocky slopes.
The Crimean spring flower is the most beautiful - you can admire it and photograph it endlessly.
Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine
Dream-Grass. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag
Dream-Grass. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag
Dream-Grass. April 2004 Chatyr-Dag
Dream-Grass. 2.05.03 Yalta yayla
Dream-Grass. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag
Dream-Grass. 5.05.07 Hangar-Burun
FOLDED SNOWDROP (Galanthus plicatus M. Bieb.)
Folded snowdrop (Galanthus plicatus) is a species that differs from other species in folded leaves with a bluish bloom, with folds curved on the underside.
Previously considered as an endemic Crimean species, however, habitats of folded snowdrop have now been identified in the Caucasus, Turkey, Romania and Moldova.
Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine
4.05.07 Not far from the t/s "Boyko"
Snowdrop. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag
Snowdrop. 1.05.03 Grand Canyon
Scilla bifolia L.
Aka Crimean scilla (Scilla taurica (Regel) Fuss), aka snow scilla (Scilla nivalis Boiss.). Glades overgrown with blueberries mixed with snowdrops look very beautiful.
Scilla. 2.05.03 Climbing the Roman-Kosh mountain
CRIMEAN CROCUS (Crocus tauricus (Trautv.) Puring)
It is also Crimean saffron. Endemic Crimean-Caucasian species. It grows in the mountains on open rocky places and grassy slopes. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine.
Crimean crocus.4.05.07 Not far from Ai-Petri
Crimean crocus.1.05.03 Yalta yayla
PRIMULA (Primula)Primula
Grows in southern regions the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Crimea, Southern and Central Europe. The species is similar to spring primrose, but with an undeveloped flower arrow. Flowering from April. The plant is cold-resistant and blooms on the edge of the snow.
The ancient Greeks believed that the primrose could heal all ailments and called it “the flower of the twelve gods.”
In the old German sagas, primroses are the keys of the spring goddess Freya. With the help of these keys, the beautiful goddess, adorned with a necklace of colorful rainbows, unlocks the true warmth after long winter. Wherever her rainbow hits, golden keys appear, and spring flowers sprout from them - primroses.
The Danes are sure that the princess of the elves herself was turned into a primrose. One day the spirits released the girl to earth, and there she fell in love with the young man, forgetting about her relatives. For this, the spirits turned the princess into a primrose and her lover into an anemone.
In Rus', primroses were lovingly called lambs. There was even such a custom: to throw the plucked lambs under your feet and trample them - for longevity.
The British have the primrose as their favorite flower. It is grown in gardens and vegetable gardens, taken with them on trips, and given to loved ones. According to English fairy tales, gnomes hide in primroses, and if you go out into a clearing in the spring, you can hear a choir of gentle voices coming from the flowers.
Common primrose (Primula vulgaris) or stemless (Primula acaulis) April 2004. District of the Boyko t/s
Road overgrown with primroses. 04/26/03 from Eski-Kermen to Shuldan
Primula Sibthorpii (Primula sibthorpii)25.04.03 Near Eski-Kermen
Common primrose.04.25.03 near the Red Poppy
VIOLETS
There are many different ones in Crimea. Particularly beautiful and large ones are found on yailas. Yellow and blue look very nice.
Dog violet (Viola canina)25.04.03 near Eski-Kermen
Fragrant violet (Viola odorata)25.04.03 near Eski-Kermen
Mountain violet (Viola oreades Bieb.) April 2004 Ai-Petri yayla
Mountain violet (Viola oreades Bieb.) April 2004 Ai-Petri yayla
Glade of violets. April 2004 Eski-Kermen
KUPENA fragrant (Polygonatum odoratum)
It is also bought medicinal, bought pharmaceutical (Polygonatum officinale L.), it is also Solomon's seal. Grows on drying, slightly acidic, rich, humus, loose, mostly small, sandy, rocky and clay soils: through forests, bushes and slopes. Edge-forest view. The plant is poisonous.
Kupena is fragrant. April 2004 Eski-Kermen
POPPY (Papaver dubium L.)
Doubtful poppy is an annual herbaceous plant 30-60 cm high. It blooms in April-June. Grows on dry rocky, gravelly, clayey slopes, among bushes, on sand, in forest-steppe and steppe, in fields, near roads, in mountains up to the mid-mountain zone. Poisonous.
Poppy is dubious. April 2004 p. Red poppy
IBERIAN, WALL (Iberis)
The name of the plant indicates the area of natural distribution: Iberia, as Spain was previously called. The genus contains about 40 species, distributed in the Mediterranean and Central Europe.
Iberian forms thick round cushions, which during the flowering period, in April-May, seem to be dusted with snow due to the lilac-white flowers. In Crimea they live in rocky places, in the mountains, on the South Coast.
There are rocky Iberian (Ib.saxatilis), Crimean Iberian (Ib. taurica), very rarely - bitter Iberian (Ib.amara) and pinnate Iberian (Ib.pinnata). These types differ mainly in leaf shape.
Candytuft. 1.05.03 Great Crimean Canyon
Ornithogalum fimbriatum Willd
He is also a fibrous poultry plant, he is also a ciliated poultry plant.
Grows in forests along the edges, in the steppes, on yayls. From the subgenus Ornithogalum. Plants no more than 12 cm tall. The arrow is covered with hairs. Blooms in mid-spring, up to 15 days.
Poultry farmer. April 2003 Vetrov Gazebo area
THIN-LEAF PEONY Paeonia tenuifolia L. (P. lithophila Kotov, P. biebersteiniana Rupr.)
It is also a narrow-leaved peony. Herbaceous perennial up to 50 cm in height. Grows on meadow steppes, leached black soils, and mountain slopes. Blooms in May. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine.
Peony thin-leaved. April 2004 and 5.05.07 On the climb to Chatyr-Dag
Peony thin-leaved. April 2004 Chatyr-Dag
Thickets of thin-leaved peony 04/29/08 Slopes of Lyalel-Oba
CRIMEAN PEONY (Paeonia daurica)
Aka Tauride peony (Paeonia taurica auct.), aka three-triple peony (Paeonia triternata) Endemic to Crimea. It grows in light forests, typically in the undergrowth of oak forests. It occurs en masse at altitudes from 200 meters to the upper forest boundary. Blooms in May. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine
Crimean peony. April 2004 Eski-Kermen
MUSCARI (Muscari neglectum Guss)
He's the unnoticed viper onion, he's also the mouse hyacinth.
Low, up to 15 cm tall, bulbous perennial of the lily family.
It grows in sunny rocky meadows and on the edges of forests. Often forms a continuous blue carpet. Blooms in April-May.
Muscari. End of April 2004 Chatyr-Dag
Muscari. 04/25/03 Eski-Kermen
Dwarf IRIS (Iris pumila) OR CRIMEAN IRIS (Iris taurica. Iridaceae)
Aka low iris, aka dwarf iris.
Herbaceous perennial 10-20 cm in height. It grows in the steppes, on grassy slopes, on rocky and thin soils, at altitudes from 300 to 700 m above sea level, less often it descends to 50 m and rises to 900-1000 m.
Purple and yellow irises 04/29/08 Slopes of Lalel-Oba
Dwarf iris. April 2004 Eski Kermen
Dwarf irises. 04/25/03 near the village. Red poppy
ORIENTAL AROUS (Arum orientale Bieb., A. maculatum auct.)
A relict species, it belongs to one of the oldest genera of tropical origin in Ukraine. Perennial herbaceous plant 20-30cm high. Grows in shady forests. Very specific smell. Blooms in May. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine
Eastern arum. April 2004 near the Shuldan monastery
SCHRENK'S TULIP(Tulipa schrenkii Regel)
Also known as Gesner's tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.). Plants are 10-40 cm tall. Stem b. h. naked, sometimes pubescent. The leaves are recurved, sickle-shaped, spaced, more or less curly, glabrous or pubescent, not exceeding the flower. One flower, red or yellow. The tepals are relatively short, wide, and blunt. The spot at their base is black, with a yellow border, yellow or absent. Blooms in April. It grows mainly in the steppe Crimea, as well as in the foothills and on the South Coast.
Schrenk's Tulip 04/29/08 Slopes of Lyalel-Oba (translated from Crimean Tatar as “top of tulips”)
LOW ALMOND (Amygdalus nana L.)
He is also a bean tree, he is also a dwarf almond, he is also a steppe almond.
It grows in the zone of forb-meadow steppes, in hollows, along ravines, and gullies.
Thickets of dwarf almonds. 04/29/08 not far from the t/s "Ai-Serez"
ADONIS SPRING (Adonis vernalis L.)
He is also the spring adonis, he is also the spring adonis. Blooms in May
in the steppes, along the edges of forests, in cleared forest glades, steppe slopes, meadows. A very bright and beautiful flower.
Adonis in spring. 04/29/08 Upper reaches of the Ai-Serez river
YELLOW ASPHODELINE Asphodeline Lutea (L.) Reichend
Rare endangered Eastern Mediterranean species. Herbaceous perennial with a thick, tall, up to 60 cm, stem. The stem from the base to the inflorescence is covered with dagger-shaped, triangular fleshy leaves. The flower raceme is thick, long and consists of large greenish-yellow flowers up to 2.5 cm in diameter. The tepals have a characteristic green vein. After flowering, a fruit is formed - a large capsule. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine
Yellow asphodeline (Asphodeline lutea) 04/29/08 t/s Maski in Ukraine is found only in Crimea
ORCHIDS(Orchidaceae)
Wild orchids are the most wonderful flowers of the spring Crimea.
According to various sources, 20-39 species of orchids grow in Crimea. All are listed in the Red Book. The population of wild orchids is small and continues to decline, mainly due to deforestation and destruction of flowers for bouquets.
Mostly orchises (purple, monkey) are found; I was lucky to stumble upon the rare Crimean orchis, of which only a few specimens remain.
04/27/08 Fox Bay. Painted orchis (spotted) (Orchis picta Loisel.)
Crimean Ophrys taurica Nevski
Orchis simia Lam.
Orchis purpurea Huds.
Orchis punctulata
Wolf's orchis Orchis x wulffiana and Steveniella satyrioides Schlechter
Orchis April 2004
Wonderful resources were used in preparing the material:
1) http://www.plantarium.ru Plant identification guide on-line
An open illustrated atlas of vascular plants of Russia and neighboring countries.
2) http://family-travel.narod.ru/flora/flora.html Photoherbarium. Wild plants Crimea.
3) http://mail.menr.gov.ua/publ/redbook/redbook.php Chervona book of Ukraine.
Yaroslav Kuznetsov ©2009
Dangerous plants Crimea should be known not only by residents of the peninsula, but also by those who came to visit. Every traveler, unknowingly, can rip off poisonous flower or eat a life-threatening berry.
Crimean nature is very beautiful, but to the same extent it can be dangerous if you do not know the dangerous plants of Crimea. We have already talked about some of them; this article lists ten of the most beautiful dangerous plants in Crimea, which can lure with their wonderful flowers or bright berries.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - datura vulgare
Anyone who read Bazhov's fairy tales in childhood can remember the famous stone Flower- an ideal bowl created by master Danil based on the almost unattainable image of a datura flower.
Residents of Crimea have long appreciated its beauty. Common datura growing everywhere in Crimea local residents often used as an ornamental plant.
Even more often in Crimean gardens and parks you can find large white gramophones of the Indian datura. But this poisonous plant became famous not only for its beauty, but also for its other properties.
Just the popular names that indicate them are worth it: stupefying grass, crazy potion, drunkenness, crazy grass...
And all these names are well deserved, since the plant is poisonous and is a strong hallucinogen. Therefore, shamans and priests of some tribes and peoples, knowing safe dosages, took it to enter a trance.
In India there was even a profession - dope poisoner. The “professional” blew dope seed powder into the sniffling man’s nose through a pipe, which made him fall asleep even more deeply, and the thieves easily, without any obstacles, carried the property out of the house.
But, like many other known poisons, Datura alkaloids in correct proportions Since ancient times it has been used in medicine.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - colchicum
Light purple or pink flowers that open their buds in autumn, on the eve of winter cold and gave the name to the flower - colchicum. But their innocent defenselessness is very deceptive - the flower is even very poisonous. Colchicum sap contains more than 20 toxins, and some of them are deadly.
Even gardeners are advised to wear gloves when working with colchicum.
The literature describes cases of death of people who were treated with its decoction as prescribed by healers. Another name for this plant is colchicum.
According to ancient Greek myth, this plant sprouted from drops of the blood of Prometheus, who was chained to the Caucasus Mountains and was tormented by an eagle, and decorated the garden of the goddess Artemis in Colchis.
There are two similar species of colchicum found on the peninsula: the shady one, which blooms in autumn, and the winter Ankara one. Moreover, the first of them is often confused with the more common but harmless plant, which also blooms in autumn - the beautiful crocus.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - Hamlet flower or henbane
The very name of this plant evokes a clear association among many with the brilliant work of the great English playwright William Shakespeare. After all, it was henbane that poisoned the king.
This plant, common to the peninsula, with not very flashy, but very attractive flowers, is also associated with the Russian expression: “Have you eaten too much henbane?” And indeed, the symptoms of poisoning with it are so expressive that the famous doctor and scientist Avicena wrote: “Henbane is a poison that often causes insanity, deprives of memory and causes suffocation and demonic possession.”
A common cause of poisoning is the similarity of henbane seeds to safe poppy seeds, which are especially attractive to young children. Dr. Mettesi noted:
Children, having eaten too much henbane, fall into such extravagance that their relatives, without knowing the reasons, begin to think that this is the machinations of evil spirits.
However, using precise dosage, henbane is included in some anti-asthma drugs and is also used as a pain reliever.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - arum or forest pencil
In April-May, an exotic arum flower, slightly similar to kala, appears in the forests of Crimea. Its single petal is also compared to a wing, hence the name of the rarest of the three species growing on the peninsula - white-winged arum.
Despite its unique decorative properties, the Crimean arum did not gain popularity due to its pungent and very unpleasant odor.
However, flies, their pollinators, find the amber that comes from these flowers to be a very attractive aroma. The unusual flowers of Oriental arum have two flowering phases - male and female.
Flies, having visited a plant with a male flowering period, after a while land on a female flowering period and slide inside. At the same time, thread-like outgrowths that are directed downwards prevent them from getting out of the flower. The flies have no choice but to crawl along the cob located at the base of the flower, pollinating it with the pollen they bring.
After this, the arum enters the male flowering phase, removes all its traps and releases the flies to freedom. And everything repeats itself again.
All types of Crimean arum are toxic. In summer, their ears ripen and are covered with attractive orange berries. If you eat at least a few of them, severe inflammation of the oral cavity occurs and characteristic features poisoning
In some places of Crimea, arums are called forest pencils for the ability of the rod located in the center of the inflorescence to color surfaces. This interesting property attracts children who, when playing with “forest pencils,” put themselves in serious danger.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - fighter or aconite
In the beech forest of Crimea you can find a very beautiful perennial herbaceous plant from the buttercup family with bright blue or purple flowers. Its most popular names are aconite or wrestler.
According to ancient Greek mythology, the wrestler emerged from the poisonous saliva of the formidable guardian of the underground kingdom of Hades - the three-headed dog Cerberus, who was brought to earth by the great hero Hercules. This suggests that the plant has been considered one of the most poisonous since ancient times.
The ancient Greeks used the plant to carry out death sentences. There is even a known case when legionnaires of the Roman Emperor Mark Antony, after eating several aconite tubers, lost their memory and soon died.
According to one of the ancient legends, the famous conqueror Tamerlane died, poisoned precisely by the poison of aconite, which was soaked in his skullcap. The juice of the poisonous plant was used in those days to make poisoned arrows. That is why in many countries the very possession of aconite root was considered a serious crime and punishable by death.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - yew berry
A tree covered in ancient legends, a long-lived tree, a welcome decoration of Crimean parks. However, such popularity could not protect the yew berry from cruel extermination.
In ancient times, entire forests of yew berry grew in Crimea, but at present there are very few old trees left. The age of yew berry can be quite respectable - some trees are more than a thousand years old.
The widespread destruction of yew was caused by its beautiful, durable, almost eternal wood, painted in different shades red That is why it was also called mahogany. IN Ancient Egypt Sarcophagi were made from it, and later in Europe - very expensive furniture.
The most best bows. But due to the toxicity of the tree, those who processed it lived very little.
Ancient legends have been preserved that in the old days beautiful cups were created from yew berry, which were then presented as gifts to enemies in the hope of poisoning them. In fact, the toxicity of yew berry was known to Pliny the Elder.
Everything about a tree is poisonous: wood, seeds, needles, bark, roots. The exception is the juicy shells that look like berries. Sweetish, but not distinguished by an exquisite taste, they are completely harmless. The danger is that if they are eaten together with the fruit (seed), poisoning is inevitable. There is evidence that even those who prune yew branches experience headaches.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - peony
It is unlikely that any other flower in Crimea can compete with the bright splendor of shapes and colors with the highest light of the world of flora - luxurious peonies. As befits aristocrats, they trace their history in park culture back to ancient times.
Already two thousand years ago they delicate flowers peonies decorated the imperial gardens of China. They were brought to the court from the south of the country in specially made bamboo baskets, and to protect them from withering, each flower stem was covered with wax.
The ancient Greeks valued peony not only for its beauty, but also for its amazing healing properties. Even doctors in those days were called peonies. There is a myth about Peon, a student of the god of healing Aesculapius, who surpassed his mentor in abilities. This angered God, and he ordered Hades to poison this talented young man.
However, at the last moment the ruler of the underworld took pity on the dying young man and turned him into a flower of extraordinary beauty. Like many medicinal plants Crimea, peonies are poisonous. Everything about it is toxic – from the rhizomes, petals, seeds. Therefore, the accuracy of the dosage of drugs based on peony is vital. Vegetable world The peninsula is decorated with two types of peonies, which compete with each other in their splendor. But, unfortunately, their number is decreasing throughout the Crimea.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - Heracleum or Hercules flower
The white caps of inflorescences against the background of beautiful carved leaves in themselves clearly distinguish this plant from all others. But it is even more impressive with its majestic size.
Under favorable conditions, some types of hogweed grow up to 4 meters with a leaf area of up to 1 square meter. In this case, the diameter of the inflorescence often reaches 60 centimeters.
To become so powerful and very high speed growth - 10-12 centimeters per day, it received its Latin name - Heracleum.
Surprised by its extraordinary appearance, residents of central Russia brought its seeds from the Caucasus, the Urals and other regions. Having settled into a new place as ornamental plant, the hogweed soon went out of control and, conquering the surroundings of the peninsula, began to displace many local species, becoming a malicious weed.
But later it turned out that the handsome man was not only fertile, but also very poisonous. Even touching this plant can cause a serious chemical burn, so remember it well and during the flowering period, try to admire its beauty only from the outside.
Dangerous plants of Crimea - buttercup or Ares flower
The affectionate-sounding name of the plant “buttercup” actually comes from a formidable, even ferocious epithet - fierce. Its bright yellow, lacquered flowers have received another popular name - night blindness.
This was apparently due to the irritant effect of the juice on the mucous membranes, including the eyes. Of the beautifully flowering toxic plants of the Crimean peninsula in terms of the number of species - he is a true champion - out of 23 species, all are poisonous.
Contact of the plant with the skin can cause severe dermatitis, and the likely outcome of its ingestion is lethal. In antiquity, the buttercup was a symbol of unfriendly teasing and served as the emblem of the formidable god of war, Ares.
In the Ottoman Empire, buttercup leaves were widely used in greenhouses and became a symbol of the greatness of the sultans. In Ancient Rus' it was considered the flower of the thunderer Perun. And according to one of the Christian legends, fleeing from the Archangel Michael, Satan hid among the buttercup thickets, which is why the flower became so evil.
The lily of the valley is often called a lantern for gnomes. This plant from the lily family, despite its modest appearance, has won the hearts of all many nations. Small snow-white, sometimes pink, graceful flowers of lily of the valley, like magic bells, exude a delicate, refined aroma that leaves no one indifferent.
In terms of the number of legends and myths, it is unlikely that it will have competitors. In the Christian legend, lilies of the valley grew from the tears of Mary that fell to the ground as she mourned her crucified son.
In Russian legends and epics, its appearance is associated with Magus, the sea princess. Sadko rejected the love of the sea maiden for the sake of an earthly girl named Lyubava. And her bitter tears sprouted into tender and slightly sad flowers.
According to another legend, on the contrary, lily of the valley flowers are the happy laughter of Mavka in love, scattered like pearls throughout the forest.
In Western Europe, it was believed that lily of the valley flowers serve as lanterns for gnomes, and miniature elves hide in them from the rain.
Lily of the valley flowers are still loved today. In France, on the first Sunday in May, the lily of the valley holiday is celebrated, and the Finns even consider it their national flower. Since ancient times, the medicinal properties of lily of the valley have been widely known. IN medieval Europe he became a symbol of medicine.
However, lily of the valley is completely poisonous.
Few people know that this plant produces bright red, appetizing-looking fruits in the fall, which, if eaten, can cause serious poisoning. There are even known cases of death when water containing a bouquet of lilies of the valley was accidentally drunk.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND YOUTH
REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF SIMFEROPOL DISTRICT STATE ADMINISTRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION "CENTER FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH CREATIVITY"
SIMFEROPOL DISTRICT STATE ADMINISTRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
Methodological development of the lesson “Primroses of our Crimea”
For 5th grade students, environmental and naturalistic clubs
Directions
Additional education teacher
Titles of eco-naturalism
Czech Department Lisyura Tatyana
Nikolaevna
Topic of the lesson: “Primroses of our Crimea”
Type: lesson in discovering new knowledge
Type: lesson-study
Target: .attracting attention to the problem of preserving primroses.
Objectives: educational:1) familiarize students with the main species diversity of early flowering plants in their area; 2)develop knowledge about flowers and their origin;.3) draw up environmental rules for plant protection.
Educational: 1) cultivate love and respect for plants; 2) instill love for the native land; 3) fostering a culture of communication with nature.
Educational: 1) develop logical thinking and attention; 2) develop creative abilities; 3) form an ecological worldview in schoolchildren.
Equipment: multimedia presentation"Primroses of our Crimea",exhibition of drawings, leaflets, posters.
Planned results:
1. Children will have the opportunity to understand the need for a careful and caring attitude towards nature, based on its moral, aesthetic and practical significance for humans.
2. Mastering the norms of behavior in the natural environment and observing them in practical activities and in everyday life.
3. Manifestation of an active attitude towards natural objects (effective care, the ability to evaluate the actions of other people in relation to nature).
PROGRESS OF THE CLASS
1) Organizational moment
Motivation of students.The teacher reads a poem:
Not far from the path
A flower stands on a thin stalk
And he moves his head round
Over the first, timid grass -
Watching with a wide eye
For everything in the world at once:
And in a puddle
Behind the duck
And for the boy
With a fishing rod
Behind the breezes
On the river
And clouds
In the distance
And behind the bumblebee in pajamas,
And - with horror! - behind us...
Igor Maznin
How did you imagine the flower?
Why is the flower “watching us with horror”?
Why have many plants become rare?
2) Statement of the problem.
The flora of Crimea is unique and inimitable. The flora of the peninsula includes more than 2,500 wild plants and about 1,500 plant species. Almost every tenth species of Crimean flora grows exclusively in Crimea and is not found anywhere else. When the snow melts in the Crimean mountains, the first heralds of Spring appear - primroses. Crimean primroses appear already at the end of February and beginning of March, much earlier than in many other regions. The Crimean land is rich in primroses. -In Crimea, fifteen species of Crimean primroses are listed in the Red Book. Currently, two new Red Books are being created in the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. They will include rare and endangered species of flora and fauna of the territory of the republic and the city of federal significance. Book lists today include more than 350 species of rare animals and about 450 species of plants.
After a long winter, people pluck tender flowers without pity. beautiful flowers, and many of them reproduce only by seeds. It turned out that the living conditions and habitat of many species are in danger of declining, even to the point of complete extinction of some species.
3) Formation of the topic and purpose of the lesson:Guys, today let us get to know those primroses that are endangered and need our protection and help.
4) Work on the topic.
Spring!!! . If the word “spring” actually comes from the ancient root “to go,” then it’s surprisingly accurate: in spring everything is in motion, everything goes! Grass, leaves, flowers are growing, streams are running, frogs and hares are jumping, birds are flying from the south and, of course, the very first and most beautiful flowers are blooming - primroses.
You will walk in early spring through a forest that has not yet been covered with leaves and suddenly you will stop, amazed by a miracle: in front of you is a whole lake of flowers. These are primroses. These plants are amazingly tender, amazingly beautiful, amazingly diverse. They are born among the snow and black earth, when people are still wrapped in warm clothes. A week later they are already blooming, and after a couple of weeks fruits with seeds appear. Fragile and persistent creatures. Withstanding the onslaught of nature, they are defenseless under the hand of man or the hoof of an animal. Very often they are carelessly torn into large bouquets. Early flowering plants (ephemeroids) are a special environmental group plants that are characterized by an unusual speed of development: they appear immediately after the snow melts, and by the beginning of summer they completely disappear. Although these plants fade quickly, economic activity humans negatively affects their diversity and numbers. Many types of ephemeroids are listed in the “Red Books” of various levels. If these flowers were left to grow in the forest, they would produce a great variety of seeds. Then, many years later, the glades would delight us with their magical colors.
In Rus' it was believed that primroses grow where the first lightning strikes. In Scandinavian legends, the primrose is nothing more than the key of the goddess of spring Freya, with which she unlocks the door to warmth after a long winter. And in the Middle Ages they were considered the keys of the Apostle Peter to the door to the kingdom of heaven, accidentally dropped to the ground. The leaves of primroses contain vitamin C; it is not for nothing that in England some primroses are used to prepare spring salads.
What allows primroses to grow under the snow?
By spring, the snow no longer lies in a continuous dense cap, but becomes crystalline. Its layer decreases and begins to pass through Sun rays. They heat the soil, water appears, and the buds swell.
Primroses are born when there is still snow. Primroses develop quickly, despite the spring coolness. In a week or two they are already blooming.
EARLY FLOWERING PLANTS OF THE CRIMEA |
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The Crimean spring is treacherous; sudden snowfalls and night frosts are not uncommon. Therefore, early flowering plants had to learn to deal with these troubles. For example, buds and stemssleep-herbs - one of the most beautiful plants of our forests - is covered with numerous long protruding hairs. This shaggy “coat” protects the buds from the spring cold.
The cell sap of primroses acts as a non-freezing antifreeze, well known to all car enthusiasts. If at the beginning of April frosts suddenly strike and snow falls, then, once in the forest, you can see that the young, just beginning to open leaves of hornbeam and aspen, caught by frost, have turned brown and shriveled. But fragilecorydalis or amazingcyclamen Kos continue to bloom as if nothing had happened. It is impossible to notice the slightest trace of frost on these delicate plants!
After flowering, primroses experience a deep summer dormancy associated with the lack of sufficient lighting and moisture in the forest. In the second half of summer, the laying of vegetative and generative organs occurs. In autumn, a second deep dormancy sets in, restraining their development on favorable autumn days, when the forest is again light (the leaves have fallen) and humid (autumn rains are falling), and the temperatures of the soil, air and water are still relatively high. But winter is coming! Frosts can come suddenly. Natural selection secured the second warning dormancy in the “snowdrops”. In mid-December it ends and forced rest sets in due to the lack of necessary conditions for development. If you place scillas, corydalis, and tulips indoors in December-January, they will bloom magnificently.
Among the early flowering plants, in addition to perennials, there are also annuals, the so-called ephemera . These are small (3-10 centimeters) plants, barely visible among the growing greenery. The entire life cycle (from seed to seed) takes place in a few days, less often - 2-4 weeks. At the end of April, when the grass turfs grow, they dry out and cannot be found. Some ephemera, e.g.spring stonefly forms entire flowering aspects in early spring.
Speaking about early flowering plants of Crimea, one cannot help but recall dogwood. Dogwood bushes bloom long before the leaves bloom, usually in February (and only in relatively cold winters does flowering occur in March). Bright yellow flowers look very elegant in a transparent forest in spring! Dogwood flowers are pollinated by both wind and insects. This unusually early flowering of the fruit tree gave rise to the Crimean legend about the greedy shaitan, who chose the dogwood, hoping for a quick harvest. But I miscalculated: dogwood bears fruit later than everyone else, in October-November.
Many spring plants are massively destroyed. Some are intensively collected as medicinal ones. Others have highly decorative properties and are used for bouquets. Organized for sale, snowdrops, dream grass, wild tulips, and crocuses are destroyed. Cyclamen Kos is on the verge of complete extinction.
According to environmentalists, every year during February-March about 15 million snowdrops were exported from Crimea to the Ukrainian capital alone! Of course, they are listed in the Red Books. But where are they, these Red Books? And here we are, ready even now - for nature. If a person, if you and I, do not regret, do not help, do not understand the troubles of our plants, no Red Books will help Crimea. With the loss of each species, we deprive not only ourselves, but also our children's children. In Japan, children are taught from an early age that only a bad, cruel person can pick, throw away or trample a flower. Every spring, during the cherry blossom season, Japanese families climb the mountains to admire the flowers. Let's admire the Crimean flowers, because you can only touch beauty with your heart!
Guys, what can we do to prevent such beautiful and fragile creations of nature from disappearing? Let's make rules for behavior in nature.
(slide 9)
- Being in nature, we will not pick plants for bouquets. We will make bouquets from those plants that are grown by humans.
- We will collect medicinal plants only in places where there are many of them. We will definitely leave some of the plants in nature. In the forest we will walk along paths so that the plants do not die from trampling.
- Let's not disturb the beauty created by nature itself.
- Let's keep these brave flowers alive and admire their beauty by going out into nature.
Medicinal properties of primroses
Teacher. How many of you know: which of these primroses are used for medicinal purposes?Coltsfoot is used as a remedy for colds.
Student. Primrose is known not only as beautiful plant, but also as a plant with beneficial medicinal properties. The above-ground part of the plant contains many vitamins. Thanks to the high content of vitamin C and carotene, primrose officinalis comes to the rescue in spring period, a period of vitamin deficiency, when a person experiences a significant need for vitamins.
Student. It’s not for nothing that Lungwort is also called “lungwort.” To treat lung diseases, the above-ground part of the plant (without roots) is brewed and drunk as tea.
Conversation
- Why are early flowering plants short?
(In spring, during a short period of active growth and unfavorable spring temperatures, it is impossible to accumulate many nutrients for the formation of powerful plants)
- Why do they bloom when the spring forest is free of foliage?
(Nothing stops the wind from transferring pollen from male flowers to female flowers.These are wind-pollinated plants).
What kind of pollen do they have?
(Dry, light, fine).
- What characteristics do insect-pollinated early flowering plants have?
(The flowers are bright, fragrant, the pollen is large and sticky)
- Why do early flowering plants with blue, violet-red and lilac colors appear first, and later with golden yellow?
(The blue-violet color allows the plant to absorb more sunlight and keep the plant warm on cold days. The yellow color reflects the sun's rays and prevents the plant from burning).
- Why are herbaceous plants in the forest white, but at the edges of the forest multi-colored?
(White color, like yellow, pink, blue, is clearly visible in the forest for insects, and in well-lit areas, the colors are more visible).
GAME LIBRARY “CONFIDENTS OF PRIMFLOWERS”
1. Game “Guess the Flower” using the presentation “Primroses of our Crimea” (slide 2-8)
- A purple flower and a fluffy stem, a quiet gentle chime just makes you fall asleep. (Dream-grass - Crimean lumbago)
- The sun appeared from under the snow, the wind was surprised, like a cloud from heaven, coloring the forest blue. (Scillas)
- Yellow flowers scattered like goslings, tender lumps smiled at the children (Goose onion)
- Primrose, primrose better words There is no, there is no better flower in the world, it burns all yellow, its petals are beautiful, golden and playful. (Primrose)
- It blooms in May,
You will find him in the forest shade:
On a stalk, like beads in a row,
Fragrant flowers hang. (Lily of the valley)
- I am a herbaceous plant
With a lilac flower.
But change the emphasis
And I turn into candy. (Iris - Iris)
- The flowers of this plant are large and purple. They are shaped like a bell. The outside of the flowers is shaggy with long protruding hairs. The flower usually has six petals. (Sleep-grass).
- There are two or three flowers on each delicate stem. They are a wonderful cornflower blue color and shaped like stars with six rays. The leaves of the plant are narrow and groove-like. They grow upward from the very base of the stem (Scilla).
2. Game “Flower Erudite” (slide 10)
- The name of which primrose consists of a particle, a preposition, a sentry box? ( not-for-booth)
Find matches: in which countries what holidays are celebrated: Germany, Yugoslavia, England flowers: forget-me-nots, violets, mimosa? (Germany - violets, Yugoslavia - mimosas, England - forget-me-nots).
- The name of which spring primrose consists of 2 prepositions? ( Past-for)
- The first windows of the apartments decorate,
It can be light and delicate,
The second Pole man hears,
In Poland they address him this way.
The whole thing blooms in the flower beds in May,
The Dutch people love him!
(tulip ).
- What kind of plant exists in nature: a) son and stepson b) daughter and stepdaughter c)coltsfoot d) son and stepfather
3. Game “Why” (slide 11)
1) Why does anemone have such a name?
The plant is not afraid of wind, hence the name.
2) Why are there flowers on the lungwort different color?
Flowers of different ages - different colors. Young ones are pink, older ones are purple.
3) Why is the open lumbago called sleep-grass? According to legend, the flower is capable of inducing dreams.
4) Why is the snowdrop so named? In which work by S. Ya. Marshak does this flower mention?
5) Why do these plants bloom so early?
■ Sufficient amount of sunlight, because trees and bushes have not yet put on foliage;
■ Sufficient amount of moisture;
■ Pollination by wind occurs easily;
■ Against the background of the general spring grayness, bright flowers(blue, white, pink, yellow, purple) that attract insects
6) . Why can't you collect primroses? (Yes, because they will not have time to restore their numbers and will sink into oblivion.)
4. Game “Botanical Auction”.
Children are asked to make puzzles with encrypted names of the studied plants.
- Game "Anagram". (slide 12)
Cruox (crocus),
Opin (peony),
shyaldn (lily of the valley),
ikopdnzhse (snowdrop),
siri (iris),
Enitsmalk (cyclamen),
6. Solve the problem:
The class went to the spring forest. Each student picked 5 flowering plants. The guys from another class picked 7 plants each. How many plants were picked that day if there were 20 students in each class?
What can be concluded?
BRAINSTORM
Guys, now imagine that you work in the Ministry of Ecology, and you have been given the task of preparing recommendations for improving the environmental situation and preserving primroses. You are given time to come up with your own options.
Why are early flowering herbaceous plants increasingly rare in the vicinity of our cities and towns?
All primroses need protection. We propose to implement the following measures to
protection of primroses:
1. Conduct information and explanatory work among the population about
the need to protect primroses.
2.To preserve the species diversity of wild primroses:
Create specially protected natural areas (state and private) in
places of mass growth of specially protected primroses.
Organize landing parties together of adults and children to clear the forest of debris and dry wood.
Artificially maintain species diversity in existing protected areas
(plant primroses).
Improve fuel quality.
3. Environmental education and public awareness:
Organize PR campaigns to protect primroses on a voluntary basis with the participation of
city administration, business leaders, students, parents, teachers, and
also the media.
All activities for the protection of primroses should be carried out under the motto: “We will not let the Primroses
disappear!
4. Conduct raids to protect and protect primroses (March-April)
Organizing and conducting events with students of educational institutions about
the role of primroses, a drawing competition in defense of primroses.(slide 13-14)
Student. (slide 15)
Don't pick flowers, don't! Don't pick flowers, don't!
Their delicate aroma will fill the air of the garden,
They brighten up the garden so much! We live in the same family,
We must live in the same order,
Fly on the same flight
Let's save the daisies in the meadow,
Water lilies on the river,
Violets, lilies of the valley for us
Merry May is in store in the gardens.
But we won't tear them down.
Let them bloom for the joy of people!
Tree, flower, grass and bird,
They don't always know how to defend themselves
If they are destroyed,
We will be alone on the planet!
If I pick a flower, if you pick a flower,
If you and I are together, if we pick flowers,
All the meadows will be empty, and there will be no beauty!
Try to protect primroses and nature from poachers. You should not buy delicate and quivering flowers; you must always remember their uniqueness and fragility. And the preservation of Russian nature in its pristine and unique form depends only on you and me.
Conclusion
Beautiful primroses grow only on land that has not been disturbed for centuries. In the former quarries, even after half a century, not a single flower will grow; the quarries are only overgrown with trees, shrubs and herbaceous, not at all colorful, vegetation. And the spring forest is bright and fresh, filled with the aromas of herbs, the singing of birds - chaffinch, blackbird, blue tit, and often lightning flashes through the forest predatory bird. Unfortunately, with the arrival of spring, “lovers of beauty” flock to the open slopes warmed by the sun, a massive collection of primroses begins, and the grazing of sheep and other domestic animals also increases. This is accompanied by depletion of flora, path erosion, and replacement of rare, beautifully flowering species with weed plants.
Does a person have the moral right to destroy what he cannot create? Of course no! In nature, everything is closely connected with each other, everything depends on each other, and by destroying some part of the natural complex that has developed over many, many millions of years, man, to one degree or another, violates this complex and not only impoverishes nature, but impoverishes himself.
Let the hand of the one plucking the most tender petals of the first breath of spring tremble!
.
Game "Flower Erudite" The name of which primrose consists of a particle, a preposition, a sentry box? Find matches: in which countries what holidays are celebrated: Germany, Yugoslavia, England flowers: forget-me-nots, violets, mimosas? The name of which spring primrose consists of 2 prepositions? The first one decorates the windows of the apartments, it can be light and delicate, the second Pole man hears, in Poland they address him like that. The whole thing blooms in the flower beds in May, the Dutch people love it! What kind of plant exists in nature: a) son and stepson b) daughter and stepdaughter c) mother and stepmother d) son and stepfather
Game “Why” 1) Why does anemone have such a name? 2) Why are the flowers of different colors on the lungwort? 3) Why is the open lumbago called sleep-grass? 4) Why is the snowdrop so named? In which work by S. Ya. Marshak does this flower mention? 5) Why do these plants bloom so early? 6) . Why can't you collect primroses?
Game "Anagram". Kruoks opin shialdn ikopdnzhse isir enitsmalk
Take care of primroses - the decoration of the planet!!! If only white flowers bloomed in the field, I would be tired of admiring them, you and I would soon be tired of them. If only yellow flowers bloomed in the field, you and I would become bored with such beauty. It’s good that there are daisies, roses, asters, cornflowers, Dandelions and porridges, forget-me-nots and frying flowers, It’s good that people are not alike in eye and skin color. How beautiful the colored world is, colorful ball Terrestrial.
Don't buy snowdrops!!! Let's save snowdrops together! And the first will not be the last!!!
Don't pick flowers, don't! Don't pick flowers, don't! Their delicate aroma will fill the air of the garden, They color the garden so much! We live in the same family, Let's keep the daisies in the meadow, Water lilies on the river, Violets, lilies of the valley for us. Merry May is in store in the gardens. But we won't tear them down. Let them bloom for the joy of people! A tree, a flower, a grass and a bird, Do not always know how to defend themselves, If they are destroyed, We will be left alone on the planet! If I pick a flower, if you pick a flower, If you and I are together, if we pick flowers, All the glades will be empty, and there will be no beauty!
Let's all save the smiles of spring together!!!
Crimea is amazing with its spring colors. Fresh, bright, juicy.
The forest was just getting ready to put on its green outfit, and in the grass there were already
bright dots pleasing to the eye - the first spring flowers. Primroses.
There were primroses for May, I wrote a more detailed article with 30 photos on a website with a beautiful Crimean name ipetri
This year, thanks to late spring, snowdrops were saved from the annual mass destruction. There was a lot of snow on March 8, and the Red Book flowers survived the women's holiday under the snow. Now, at the end of April, they are there, and it’s interesting. After all, in the past
of the year, mass flowering was observed in March.
2.
Primrose now dominates the foothills. A fruitful year!
3.
4.
5.
6.
It is extremely pleasant to hunt these spring flowers! The photo shows that the snowdrops have faded, giving way to their brothers.
Peter's cross scaly
Here's another photo:
8. Toothwort five-leaved
Spring inhabitants of yayla - lumbago or sleep grass. Now is the time for them to flourish!
9.
We visited Crimea for Easter. This year it fell in mid-April.
My daughter decorated the Easter egg so interestingly that I couldn’t determine the coloring method.
And can you? ;)
10.
These, as far as I understand, are forest violets.
But it’s still too early for pink peonies. They'll probably make it in time for May.
11.
In the Ak-Kai area we found thin-leaved peonies and were very happy, as if we were old acquaintances. Of course, we haven’t seen each other for a whole year! :)
12.
They didn't miss the willow either.
13.
And cherries...
14.
And tiny working beetles, pushing a huge ball together...
15.
first butterfly...
16.
The weather was favorable to us, we even got a tan.
Here's where most of the pictures were taken:
(bottom view)
17.
view from above:
18.
And a few more little ones.
19. Poultry farmer
The poultry bird gets along well with muscari.
20. Muscari
Actually:
21.
I will also ask you to identify the next kids. Hall help!
22.Forget-me-not small-flowered, Myosotis micrantha Pall. ex Lehm
23.
24. Bieberstein's tulip, species not identified.
25.
26. Periwinkle, Vinca minor
Periwinkle herbaceous, Vinca herbacea Walds
According to the Germans, periwinkle has the ability to ward off evil spirits. But for this it needs to be collected in the fall from August 15 to September 8. According to their beliefs, if you carry a periwinkle picked at this time with you, then neither the devil nor any other person will have any power over the wearer. devilry, and if you hang it over front door home, then all this evil spirits will not have the power to penetrate the house. And therefore, a picked periwinkle should never be thrown into the trash, but always into a stream, so that it does not die of thirst. Periwinkle planted in the garden brings happiness, and placed in a bouquet - lasting love. (from Wikipedia)
Here's what I liked most:
27.
Each flower had to bow to the ground:
28.
the locals laughed. shaking his tail))
29.
But the beauty was worth the work!
30. Adonis spring
Thank you for your attention and I would be grateful for your help in identifying specimens No. 7, No. 8 and from 22 to 30 photos.
Special thanks for the photo to the co-participants of the hike, Vladimir Erofeev,
Andrey Shpakovich and Nadezhda Kolbasko.