Discharge of surface and ground water. Drainage of rainwater from the house Drainage of surface water

The planning of areas for development and other needs must be carried out taking into account the effective removal of precipitation using a drainage system, storm channels and drainage systems. If rain or melt water stagnates, this will contribute to the destruction of the coating and other negative consequences.

Why are surface waters dangerous?

Surface water is formed from atmospheric precipitation: snow, rain, hail, etc. This moisture can cause problems on a site (construction site, country house), ranging from elementary stagnation of water from unpleasant smell and ending with a violation of the integrity of the foundations of nearby buildings. The troubles do not end there; dampness can also penetrate into buildings and provoke the spread of fungus and increased humidity. There is also a danger for sidewalks and road surfaces: cracking, heavy icing, subsidence of the canvas. Root system plants may rot from excess rainfall, the fertile layer will be washed away, and disturbance thermal regime will create conditions for the expansion of moss and mold.

To avoid all these negative phenomena, we need an excellent drainage system surface waters.

This system comes in two types:

point;
linear.

Branches are also divided into open and closed. The second option is more used for draining sediment from entire city blocks. The point method is the simplest; it is most often used when there is a small amount of falling moisture, which is collected in local modules (for example, water flowing from roofs). The linear system is more complex and consists of many elements: gutters, trays, ditches, wells, etc. Moisture quickly collects from large plot and is immediately sent to the central drainage collector.

Materials

The materials used are concrete, plastic and earth embankments, ditches and trenches as a temporary solution to the sediment problem. Elements of the surface water drainage system are installed at an angle, which facilitates the rapid collection and discharge of unnecessary moisture. If there is high humidity in the area through groundwater, then drainage system is designed comprehensively, taking into account atmospheric phenomena and the influence of underground sources. Often, sand, dirt, and debris can get into drainage channels and trays with water, and therefore special traps are installed.

These devices prevent the system from becoming clogged and stopping performing its direct functions. When drawing up a general design for surface water drainage, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: amount of precipitation, area of the site, availability groundwater, humidity level, slope.

The organization of surface rain and melt water runoff in residential areas, microdistricts and neighborhoods is carried out using an open or closed drainage system.

On city streets in residential areas, drainage is carried out, as a rule, using a closed system, i.e., a city drainage network (storm drainage system). The installation of drainage networks is a citywide event.

In the territories of microdistricts and neighborhoods, drainage is carried out by an open system and consists of organizing the flow of surface water from building sites and sites for various purposes and areas of green spaces into driveway trays, through which water is directed to the driveway trays of adjacent city streets. This organization of drainage is carried out using a vertical layout of the entire territory, ensuring drainage created by longitudinal and transverse slopes on all driveways, sites and territories of a microdistrict or block.

If the network of passages does not represent a system of interconnected passages or if the capacity of the trays on the driveways is insufficient during heavy rainfall, a more or less developed network of open trays, ditches and ditches is provided for in the microdistricts.

An open drainage system is the simplest system, which does not require complex and expensive structures. In operation, this system requires constant supervision and cleaning.

The open system is used in microdistricts and neighborhoods of a relatively small area with a terrain favorable for water flow that does not have low drainage areas. In large neighborhoods open system does not always provide surface water drainage without overflowing trays and flooding driveways, so then a closed system is used.

A closed drainage system provides for the development of an underground network of drainage pipes - collectors, on the territory of the microdistrict, with the reception of surface water by water intake wells and the direction collected waters into the city drainage network.

As possible option apply combined system, when an open network of trays, ditches and ditches is created on the territory of a microdistrict, supplemented by an underground network of drainage collectors. Underground drainage is very important element engineering improvement of residential areas and microdistricts, it meets the high requirements of comfort and general improvement of residential areas.

Surface drainage on the territory of the microdistrict must be ensured to such an extent that from any point in the territory the flow of water can easily reach the trays of the roadway of adjacent streets.

As a rule, water is diverted from buildings towards driveways, and when green spaces are adjacent, to trays or ditches running along the buildings.

On dead-end driveways, when the longitudinal slope is directed towards the dead end, drainless places are formed, from which water has no outlet; Sometimes such points appear on driveways. Water is discharged from such places using overflow trays, in the direction of passages located at lower elevations.

Trays are also used to drain surface water from buildings, from sites for various purposes, and in green areas.

For large areas of gardens and parks, it is advisable to carry out drainage using a closed system, i.e., by placing water intake wells with water intake grates and a developed network of underground collectors on the territory. The basic principle of using a closed system is the shortest length of the collector network with the most complete service of the entire green area. The design of a drainage network is greatly facilitated with a rationally designed vertical layout of the territory. Drainage network collectors in parks are usually smaller in size compared to city collectors, since the runoff from green areas is significantly less than the runoff of surface water from residential and other built-up areas.

At closed system drainage system, surface water is directed to the water intake wells of the drainage network and enters them through water intake grates.

Water intake wells on the territory of microdistricts are located in all low points that do not have free flow, on straight sections of driveways, depending on the longitudinal slope, with an interval of 50-100 m, at intersections of driveways on the side of the water inflow.

Damage caused by melt water and heavy precipitation can be prevented by installing surface drainage. This system serves to collect and remove excess precipitation, which often floods the adjacent area, and with it fruit trees(and other plantings), foundations and basements. The article will focus on the surface drainage system.

Advantages of surface drainage

The system design does not require serious financial investments, by reducing earthworks. As a result, the likelihood of a violation of the structural strength of the soil, that is, subsidence, is reduced.

Due to the organization of external drainage of a linear type, the coverage of the territory for the catchment area has been significantly expanded, while the length of the sewerage main is reduced.

The system can be installed without disturbing the entire integrity of the existing road surface. Here the insertion is carried out according to the width of the gutters.
The system is suitable for installation on rocky or unstable soils. And also in those places where it is not possible to carry out deep work (architectural monuments, underground communications).

Types of drainage systems

Drainage systems are part of storm sewers that are used in the improvement of both public and private areas. There are 2 types of systems: linear and point.

Linear system consists of gutters, a sand trap, and sometimes a rainwater inlet. This design does its job perfectly well. large areas. When organizing it, earthworks are kept to a minimum. Its installation is necessary in areas with clay soil, or whose slope is more than 3º.

Point system It is a locally located storm water inlet, connected underground by pipelines. The system is optimal for collecting water coming from roof gutters. Its installation is also advisable in areas with modest areas or when there are any restrictions on the arrangement of linear drainage.

Every system is different efficient work, but combining them is the best option when organizing drainage.

Drainage device for drainage

To organize linear or point drainage, various elements and devices are used, where each component serves its purpose. Their proper combination leads to effective work.

Gutters

Drainage trays are an integral part linear system, serve to collect precipitation and melt water. After which, excess moisture is directed into the sewer or, at least, taken away from the site. Channels are made of concrete, polymer concrete and plastic.

Plastic products are lightweight and simple installation. Plugs, adapters, fasteners and other elements were developed specifically for this purpose to facilitate the process of assembling and installing the system. Despite the high specifications(strength and frost resistance) of the material used, they are limited by load - up to 25 tons. Such gutters are installed in suburban areas, pedestrian areas, bicycle paths, where high mechanical stress is not expected.

Concrete trays- undoubtedly strong, durable and affordable. They are able to withstand very heavy loads. Their installation is advisable in places where vehicles pass, for example, on access roads or near garages. Steel or cast iron grates. A reliable fastening system does not allow changing the position during operation.
Polymer concrete channels combine best performance plastic and concrete. With a low weight, the products take a significant load and are distinguished by higher physical and technical properties. Accordingly, they also have a decent price. Thanks to the smooth surface of the gutters, sand, sparse leaves, branches and other street debris pass through without difficulty. Proper installation and periodic cleaning guarantee long-term drainage service.

Sand receivers

This element of the system is responsible for filtering water from sand, soil and other suspended particles. The sand trap is equipped with a basket in which foreign debris is collected. Equipment installed in close proximity to the sewer drain will provide the most efficient operation.
Sand traps, like trays, must match the type of load. Since this element is in conjunction with other components of the drainage system, it must be made of the same material as the rest of the chain links.

Its upper part has the same shape as the gutters. It is also closed with a drainage grid, so the sand receptacle is invisible from the outside. Its location level (below the soil freezing depth) can be reduced by installing these elements on top of each other.
The design of the sand trap provides for the presence of side outlets for connection to underground storm sewer pipes. Output taps standard diameters are located significantly above the bottom, so small particles, settling, remain there.
The sand receiver can also be made of concrete, polymer concrete and synthetic polymers. The package includes steel, cast iron, plastic gratings. Its selection is made depending on the expected volume of water discharged and the load level in the area of its installation.

Storm water inlets

Melted and rainwater collected by drainpipes from the roof of the building ends up on the blind area. In these areas, storm water inlets are installed, which are square-shaped containers. Their installation is also advisable in places where it is not possible to install surface drainage linear type.

Since storm water inlets perform the function of a sand trap, they are complemented by a garbage container, which is regularly cleaned, and a siphon, which protects against odorous substances coming from the sewer. They are also equipped with nozzles for connecting to underground drainage pipes.
Most often they are made from cast iron or durable plastic. Top part has a grille that absorbs loads, prevents the entry of large debris and performs a decorative function. The grate can be plastic, steel or cast iron.

Drainage grates

The grate is part of the surface drainage system. It takes on mechanical loads. This is a visible element, so the product is given a decorative look.
The drainage grid is classified according to operational loads. So for the homestead, suburban area products of class A or C are suitable. Plastic, copper or steel gratings are used for these purposes.

Cast iron products are famous for their durability. Such gratings are used when arranging areas with high traffic load (up to 90 tons). Although cast iron is susceptible to corrosion and requires regular painting, there is simply no alternative to it in terms of strength.
As for the service life of drainage grates, cast iron products will last at least a quarter of a century, steel ones - about 10 years, plastic grates will have to be replaced after 5 seasons.

Drainage design

System calculation for large areas is produced according to a hydraulic design, which takes into account the slightest nuances: precipitation intensity, landscape design and much more. Based on it, the length and number of elements of the drainage system are determined.

For out-of-town or summer cottages It is enough to draw a plan of the territory on which the location of the drainage system is marked. Here the number of gutters, connecting elements and other components is calculated.

The width of the channels is selected depending on the throughput. The optimal width of trays for private construction is considered to be 100 mm. In places with increased drainage, gutters up to 300 mm wide can be used.
Attention should also be paid to the diameter of the bends. Standard section sewer pipes equals 110 mm. Therefore, if the outlet hole has a different diameter, an adapter must be used.

The rapid outflow of water through the channel will provide a surface with a slope. You can organize the tilt in the following ways:

use of natural slope;
by carrying out excavation work, create a surface slope (with minimal differences);
select trays with different heights, applicable only in small areas;
purchase channels whose internal surface is sloped. As a rule, such products are made of concrete.

Stages of linear drainage installation

By means of a stretched string, the boundaries of the drainage system are marked. If the system runs on a concrete site, markings are carried out with sand or chalk.
Next, the soil is excavated. A jackhammer is used on asphalt areas.
The width of the trench should be approximately 20 cm larger than the tray (10 cm on each side). The depth for gutters made of lightweight materials is calculated taking into account the sand cushion (10-15 cm). Under the concrete trays, first a layer of crushed stone is laid, and then sand, 10-15 cm each. It is worth noting that the drainage grid after installation should be located 3-4 mm below the surface level. The bottom of the trench can also be filled with thin concrete, but such actions are carried out if vehicle passage is not provided.

A drainage system is being assembled. Trays are placed in the trench and secured to each other using tongue-and-groove fasteners. Products are often marked with an arrow indicating the direction of water movement. If necessary, the joints are sealed with polymer components.
Next, a sand trap is installed. The drainage main is connected through fittings to a sand receptacle and sewer pipes.
The empty space between the gutters and the walls of the trench is filled with crushed stone or previously dug earth and thoroughly compacted. Filling with sand and gravel mortar is also possible.
The installed channels are covered with protective and decorative grilles. It is worth noting that if plastic trays are used when arranging drainage, then the grate is installed and the space is filled with concrete mixture.

Stages of arrangement of point drainage

In areas with the greatest accumulation of moisture, a pit is dug out. The width of the pit should be equal to the size of the rainwater container. It is necessary to take into account that the grate should also be slightly below the surface of the earth.

Soil excavation is also carried out in places where the main line is laid for a linear outlet or pipes. Here it is important to maintain a slope of approximately 1 cm for each linear meter of the surface.
The bottom of the pit is compacted and a sand cushion is laid out in a layer of 10-15 cm. concrete mixture about 20 cm thick.
Next, a rainwater inlet is installed, to which drainage trays or sewer pipes are connected.
Finally, a siphon is installed, a waste bin is inserted and a grill is installed.
The design of the rainwater inlet allows you to install several containers on top of each other. This makes it possible to deepen the outlet pipe below the freezing point of the soil.

Shallow channels

Rocky soils make it difficult to install gutters standard sizes. In this regard, some manufacturers offer products with a shallow installation depth, where the channel height is 95 mm.

Typically, trays are made of plastic with high physical and technical characteristics. The package includes drainage grids made of galvanized steel that are resistant to abrasion polymer coating.
Such channels are widely used in areas with a small number of Wastewater. With their help, it will be possible to organize effective surface drainage with minimal excavation work.

Timely installed and well-organized drainage will protect the foundation and green spaces from seasonal flooding and give the landscape a well-groomed appearance. The costs of arrangement will pay off quickly. The system will extend the life of the building, reduce the cost of repairs and additional maintenance. Labor-intensive and costly fight against mold in the basement due to high humidity will bypass.

Roof and surface drainage systems are interconnected.

They involve organizing the drainage of water resulting from precipitation (rain, fog) and melting snow.

If you don’t divert them, then sooner or later, a special kind soil water - perched water.

System arrangement

The organization of drainage on the site includes a set of works involving the arrangement of a number of systems:

roofing;
superficial;
drainage (necessary when the house has ground floor, basements or a garage with inspection hole, and the level groundwater(hereinafter referred to as GWL) in this territory is high).

Despite the seasonal nature (manifests mainly in spring and late autumn, during periods of intense rain), it can cause significant damage to the building structure.

floods basements
inspection holes,
leads to deformation of the floors.

Because of the high water, the owners private houses have to spend more often on cleaning cesspools and septic tanks.

Organization of drainage from the roof

The purpose of the roof drainage system is to collect rain and melt water from roofs and transport it to accumulation points (separate tanks or ordinary buckets).

It consists of transverse gutters and vertical pipes with outlet funnels. Depending on the cross-section of the pipes (), rectangular and round systems gutter

The latter have a large throughput and are usually installed at industrial facilities and multi-storey buildings.

Gutters and pipes for water drainage roofs are made of galvanized metal. This is a practical, light weight, durable and at the same time inexpensive material.

It is not advisable to save on a roof drainage system. Without it, rainfall will gradually destroy the blind area, slabs, steps, and the walls of the house will be constantly splashed with dirt.

Surface drainage

The main function of this system is to protect the foundation and floors from the destructive effects of precipitation accumulating on the surface.

In its absence, the foundation will “float” within a few years after the building is put into operation, and the asphalt or paving stones will crack.

When laying surface drainage, various factors are taken into account:

relief;
soil composition;
vibration loads on the ground;
estimated volumes of water discharged, etc.

Based on functionality, linear and a point system for draining water from the surface of the site.

The first accumulates and removes precipitation from extended areas, while the point type collects water in separate reservoirs related to storm sewers.

The materials for such systems are:

concrete and polymer concrete;
plastic;
fiberglass.

The main classifying criteria for such systems are considered throughput pipes (volume of water discharged per unit of time) and load class.

The minimum load class (A-C) is for plastic pipelines, the maximum, F (up to 90 tons) is for polymer concrete ones.

Reset point

Before you begin designing and installing roofing and surface drainage systems, you should determine the discharge point for the total volume of water.

Depending on the location of the site and nearby infrastructure, these may include:

natural bodies of water;
sewer collectors;
drainage field (several shallow holes where water accumulates and is subsequently evenly absorbed into the soil).

The drainage system is designed in this way so that the release point is at the bottom of the site.

If there is no slope, and the volumes of discharged wastewater are large, you will need a drainage well (how to clean it from sludge is written) with a pump.

If the building and local area located on a hill, everything is solved more simply - drainage trays are stretched from them to the discharge point, leading to the drainage ditch.

A common mistake many homeowners make is organizing a discharge point in close proximity to the foundation.

They spend money on installing rainwater inlets on the roof, but all the water is discharged to the ground directly below them. In this case, it makes no difference whether there is a drainage system or not, because... precipitation, collecting under the walls of the house, floods the foundation.

Water accumulates in the ground “sins” and turns into ice with the onset of frost. As it expands, it destroys concrete floors.

Therefore, the precipitation captured by the system must be drained either into a special tray or into a rainwater inlet.

It is impossible to combine surface drainage with an underground drainage system, because during heavy rainfall, precipitation will move in the opposite direction and flood the foundation.

Underground drainage on the site

Surface drainage systems cannot provide sufficient drainage of areas with high groundwater levels.

In such cases, underground or deep drainage is installed.

It consists of multiple ditches located below ground level.

It is carried out around the perimeter of everything land plot, including buildings.

That is why it is advantageous to combine the arrangement of deep drainage with work on pouring the foundation. Laying ditches under an already built house will cost much more.

The more extensive the network of drainage ditches, the more effective the fight against perched water will be. The arrangement of underground drainage under the building consists of several stages.

Digging trenches, in which they will be embedded drainage pipes(), along the entire perimeter of the building.

They do not dig end to end, but at a distance of 1 m from the foundation, with a slight slope in the direction of the waste discharge.

Their depth must match the depth of the foundation. The trenches are lined with an even layer of sand or small gravel and compacted.

Laying pavement from a special material - geolatex.

Its structure allows water to pass freely, but retains organic particles, so the drainage is not clogged with silt.

The edges of the lining are fixed to the walls of the trenches.

It turns out to be a kind of bag wrapped around the drainage pipe.

Strengthening the system. A layer of crushed stone is poured on top of the trench, compacted and leveled, while maintaining the slope for water discharge.

Laying drainage pipes in prepared trenches and backfilling the entire system with coarse sand.

Where drainage trenches turn the so-called inspection wells (read which inspection well to buy for drainage) - vertical tanks height up to the surface.

They are closed with hatches and serve to flush the deep drainage system in case of clogging (a special high-pressure apparatus is used for this).

Make a drainage system on your site is not the most difficult thing, it is much more difficult to find where to dump this water.

If the village does not have a unified drainage system, you will need to make a drainage well into which drainage pipes will be led (about corrugated sewer pipes for external sewerage written on the page).

In such a well () with small plot you can collect both storm water and drainage water, and on the large one they make two separate wells.

Sometimes you get lucky, and after a few rings you can stumble upon a layer of sand. Then all the water that gets into will go into the sand.

If there is no sand, you will have to pump out excess water with a drainage pump, for which you will need to supply electricity.

It’s even better to use two pumps (one backup), because in heavy rain one may not cope and the well will overflow.

This method can be used to absorb small amounts of water.

A hole is dug in the soil with a volume of, for example, a cubic meter or half a cubic meter.
Its walls are covered with geotextile.
The pit is filled with crushed stone, which is again covered with geotextile and covered with soil.

It’s good if drainage is done for the entire village at once, but if one person does this, he will have to constantly pump out the water with a pump, as in Holland, because new cubic meters of water will come from neighboring areas.

Watch the video we offer about drainage of water on a personal plot.

An integral part of a private house or cottage is a storm drainage system, which provides an aesthetic appearance to the residential building and the area adjacent to it. It also prevents premature destruction of the foundations of buildings and the roots of plants growing on the site. For an inexperienced person in the field of "water disposal" this moment may seem like a dark forest. In this article we will analyze everything point by point: drainage of surface, storm and melt water from buildings and the site.

To create a storm drainage system, also known as a surface water drainage system, basic knowledge in construction and data about the area being developed are required. Storm sewerage is gravity-flow, i.e. is arranged at an angle and includes the following elements:

Roof drainage;
Drainage drainage system;
A sewer or drainage discharge point.

Roof drainage receives precipitation at the roof level, through trays, gutters, funnels and sends it to the surface drainage system.

Design of a surface water drainage system

For design you need to know:

the average amount of precipitation (both in the form of rain and in the form of snow, melt water), you can find this out in SNiP 2.04.03-85;
roof area;
the presence of other communications and facilities in the territory being developed.

For design, it is necessary to decide in what places they will be located. drainpipes and how many there will be. A diagram is drawn up that shows the differences in elevation of the surface of the site and the buildings on it. The diagram shows the location of all storm sewer elements, including pipes, inspection wells and water discharge points. During design, the amount of required materials and their costs are also calculated.

Drainage of water from the roof

The roof drain material is varied: steel, copper, polymer-coated steel, aluminum, etc. Plastic is especially popular. It is economical, resistant to damage, is a sound-insulating material, airtight, and light in weight and installation. To properly design a roof drain you will need:

Metal bracket;
Hairpin with a special nut;
Adjustable mount;
Gutter bracket;
Tip;
Connecting coupling;
Knee;
Funnel plug;
Gutter plug;
Corner element;
Funnel;
Gutter connector;
Gutter;
Drain pipe.

The quantity and type of each element depends on the perimeter of the roof and the amount of pumped liquid, because too powerful a drainage system is irrational from the point of view financial costs, and a weak one will not cope with the task. Need to find best option. The figure shows the required dimensions specific to middle zone Russia.

Installation of a water drainage system from the roof of a house

Installation is carried out after developing the design of the entire drainage system and reading the instructions supplied by the supplier store (each system has its own design features that must be taken into account). General installation sequence and work performed:

Installation begins with attaching the bracket from the side of the rafter wall or frontal board, taking into account the slope of the gutters.
Then the gutters themselves are laid using special plates and fastened to each other using the cold welding or rubber seals. The cold welding method is preferred for joining gutters due to its resistance to deformation.
An additional bracket is installed in corner connections and connections with funnels.
The pipes are installed, maintaining a distance of 3-4 cm from the wall. The vertical brackets are attached at a distance of 1.5-2 m. The drain itself should be located half a meter from the ground surface.

Tips from the professionals:

The gutters begin to be laid from the funnel so that the edges of the gutter are below the edge of the roof.
If you use a pipe to collect gutters from three directions (if the roof non-standard shape), it is necessary to provide tees instead of standard funnels.
The distance between the brackets should be no more than 0.50-0.60 m.
It is recommended to mark the slope of the gutters in advance. For example, a guideline can be a rope stretched from the starting point to the ending point.
Plastic ebbs are mounted at a temperature of + 5°, otherwise the material will crack when cutting. Flashings made from other materials can be installed at any ambient temperature.

Construction of a surface water drainage system

Surface water drainage system or surface drainage consists of point drainage systems and linear channels.

Point drainage represent small wells locally connected to the roof drain. The trays are laid below the freezing level of the pipes. The installation of such drainage is similar to the installation of a roof drain. A trench is being prepared (lower than the freezing depth of the pipes, you can find out everything in the same SNiP) at a slope towards the collector. Sand is poured in a layer of 20 cm. Pipes are laid using fittings. If the sealing is maintained, the pipes are backfilled.

Linear channels come in two types - open or closed, equipped with grates or meshes to retain large debris. The gratings should be predominantly made of metal, because... withstand heavy loads (especially in places at the entrance to the garage).

Advice from professionals. To effectively collect surface water, a comprehensive arrangement of stormwater and point drainage. In case of heavy precipitation, the bulk of the water will be drained by surface drainage.

You can see what the process of installing a surface water drainage system looks like in the video:

Deep drainage system is provided if the area where the site is located is prone to prolonged rains. Such a system will protect the site from erosion, protect trees from premature death (due to rotting roots), and protect the foundation from the destructive effects of water.

Groundwater drainage system

Groundwater drainage differs from the systems described above in that it is installed at a greater depth and in the case of groundwater close to the surface of the earth, which can flood a basement or underground garage. Drainage is combined with storm water, and storm water pipes are laid higher than the drainage. It is necessary to understand the difference between stormwater and drainage. Storm drainage for drainage of rain, melt water and floods, and deep drainage for drainage of groundwater and possible flooding. Surface and deep drainage are connected using special nodal connections for accumulation excess water in one place and its subsequent disposal, processing or reuse. Drains are installed parallel to each other.

This is important: with heavy rainfall, water in large quantities a short time goes through storm sewer. When such a flow of water enters the groundwater drainage system, this water flows from the pipes into the ground, thereby not draining it but flooding it, that is, it begins to perform the opposite function. Therefore, the surface water drainage system should be connected to the groundwater drainage system no earlier than the places where the water drainage and not drainage pipes pass, if you look at the direction of water movement into the systems. Soil drainage is carried out in places where perforated pipes are laid. Water is drained through sealed pipes.

According to the method of groundwater extraction, they are divided into: vertical, horizontal and combined drainage. Vertical drainage consists of vertical ribbed wells lowered into the groundwater layer. They are equipped with pumps and filters, respectively, for cleaning and pumping groundwater outside the territory. This scheme is quite complicated both in installation and in operation.

Horizontal drainage consists of perforated pipes laid at the optimal pumping outlet depth in dug ditches lined with crushed stone. Ditches are dug throughout the site in a herringbone pattern.

The installation of drainage, regardless of the type of site, begins with the arrangement drainage well in the farthest part of the site, away from the house. You can use ready-made plastic wells.

In places corner connections inspection wells are installed to facilitate communication maintenance.

The depth of drainage is selected based on its objectives: if the goal is to collect groundwater to protect the basement, then the depth should correspond to the level of the basement floor; if the goal is to drain abundant water that sinks into the ground, the depth corresponds to the depth of the foundation.

The pipes are wrapped with a special material () to prevent sand and gravel from getting into the pipes, with which the pipe is covered with a layer of 20-30 cm. After this, the pipe can be covered with ordinary soil. Unlike vertical drainage, water collected through holes in pipes is discharged by gravity and not by pumps.

Horizontal drainage is more popular than vertical or even combined drainage due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of installation.

You can read more about the design of the groundwater drainage system in the article:

Discharge of collected water

Excess water is removed outside the site, into a ditch or reservoir. If this is not possible, then a well or reservoir is installed within the site, from where the water can be reused.

Advice:

It is recommended to lay drainage in ditches with V-shaped walls with a wall slope of 30◦ in the cross section of the ditch. Width 50 cm. Recommended ditch slope1-3 cm per meter of length. Wells can be equipped from any material that is not subject to corrosion.

Maintenance of drainage systems

Maintenance of the above systems is not difficult if they are properly designed and constructed. Main points in service:

Once every ten years, use a pump to thoroughly flush the pipes to prevent deposits on their walls.
Regular visual inspection of wells, collectors and cleaning if necessary.

The shelf life of a properly designed, installed, and maintained drainage system is on average fifty years, or even much more.

Tips from the professionals:

Be sure to check that the pipes are laid on a slope. The slope should be away from the house.
If it is impossible to install a gravity drainage system, a pressure outlet equipped with a pump is installed.
Do not forget about optimal design and price = quality.Very often you want more, better, but the budget does not always allow you to realize your plans. That's why It is recommended to design, compare the project with prices, make purchases and install in accordance with the recommendations given here.