Do-it-yourself heating from metal-plastic pipes. Installation of heating from metal-plastic pipes. Possible heating schemes

In each apartment of a multi-story building to create optimal temperature It is possible to connect to centralized heating.

For the normal functioning of all elements of the system when installing it yourself, it is necessary to competently approach the choice of material and installation of individual elements.

Do-it-yourself heating from metal-plastic pipes is the easiest, fastest and most inexpensive way. Here you just need to have a certain set of tools, familiarize yourself with the basic characteristics and types of material, and also follow the instructions for installing the system.

Features and types of metal-plastic pipes

This type of pipe has the same structure regardless of the marking and manufacturer.

In the cross section, two layers of plastic are visible, between which there is an aluminum sheet.

The marking text contains the following data:

Advantages and disadvantages of metal-plastic pipes for heating

Before deciding on the material, it is recommended to pay attention to the main advantages and disadvantages of metal-plastic pipes for heating.

TO positive qualities This includes good flexibility of the whip, excellent anti-corrosion properties, low cost and simple installation. Another advantage of the material is its ability to withstand water heating up to 95 degrees.

Several negative features stand out: important features metal-plastic:

Quite short service life. It is no more than 15 years;
The reliability of connections is lower than metal and plastic analogues;
When the liquid freezes, the heating system becomes unusable as the pipes burst.

All these disadvantages contribute to the low price of metal-plastic pipes for heating, so you should not rely on this factor.

Main stages of pipe installation

The first step is to carry out preparatory work. This includes removing old pipes or marking walls when installing the system for the first time, determining the required amount of material and fittings. You should also immediately buy metal-plastic pipes for heating and stock up on tools.

To install the heating you will need the following kit:

A calibrator that gives the ends a perfectly round shape;
Scissors for cutting pipes into pieces of the required length;
Fittings are installed using an adjustable wrench;
Special spring for pipe bending;
Sealing of all connections is ensured by the use of fum tape.

To connect individual sections of pipes, it is allowed to use three types of fittings:

Detachable. A threaded connection is used here, which makes it possible to reuse parts;
Conditionally detachable fittings. These compression parts require replacement of the ferrule when reinstalled;
One-piece. For such fittings, special pressing equipment is required, which compresses the steel shell of the part, creating a reliable tightness of the connection.

Key installation requirements

At the time of installation of the system, the air temperature in the room should be above 5 degrees;
The pipes are attached to the wall using clips, which must be bigger size in case of thermal expansion of the material;
The aluminum layer must not be damaged. This requires a special spring. If the bending radius exceeds 7 pipe diameters, then it is recommended to use fittings;
In case of use threaded connection It is advisable not to pinch the material to prevent leaks and destruction of the plastic.

Compliance with all the rules will make heating installation quick and easy, and the system will serve for many years.

Looks like an era of dominance metal pipes in the construction of various types of pipelines is slowly coming to an end. They have been replaced from many areas of use by more flexible and cheaper metal-plastic pipes. Today they are successfully used in residential and industrial construction, in the organization of water supply systems, heating and sewerage systems. What properties do they captivate, and can such pipes be called universal? We figure out which metal-plastic pipes for heating and plumbing are best to choose, and decide on the best manufacturers.

No. 1. Performance

Of course, some of the performance qualities of metal-plastic pipes may differ depending on the materials used in production and their thickness, but most products currently sold have the following characteristics:

No. 2. Scope of application of metal-plastic pipes

The properties of metal-plastic pipes allow them to be used almost everywhere in civil and industrial construction. You can safely apply in the following areas:

in apartments and private houses;
sewerage systems;
arrangement;
water intake systems from wells;
compressed air supply;
transportation of some chemically aggressive liquids

Since installation is carried out without welding, such pipes are installed in places where welding is prohibited.

Such pipes cannot be used in rooms where there are objects nearby that can heat up to temperatures of 150 0 C or higher, as well as in rooms with a high level of fire hazard.

No. 3. Advantages and disadvantages of metal-plastic pipes

By performance qualities It’s clear why metal-plastic pipes have gained such popularity. The ability to withstand relatively high temperatures and pressure surges are the main ones, but not the only ones advantages of metal-plastic pipes:

Main disadvantages:

No. 4. Construction of metal-plastic pipes

From the name of this type of pipe it is easy to guess about the structural features. Obviously, plastic and metal are used for production, which are combined in a special way. Metal-plastic pipe consists of five layers, three main and two connecting ones:

the first (inner) layer is made of polymer;
the second layer (binder) is glue;
third layer (reinforcing) – aluminum;
fourth layer (binder) – glue;
the fifth layer (outer) is made of polymer.

To simplify, the pipe consists of two layers of plastic, between which there is a layer of aluminum foil. The latter is necessary to give the product strength and wear resistance. Plastic outside and inside protects aluminum. In addition, the inner polymer layer creates a smooth surface over which water (or other liquids) can move freely. Rust does not form on plastic and does not linger limescale, That's why Pipe capacity does not decrease over the years. The outer polymer layer protects the product from mechanical damage and prevents condensation. To connect the three main layers, special adhesives with a high level of adhesion to polymers and metal are used.

The durability and scope of operation of the metal-plastic pipe depends on the quality of each layer.

No. 4. Aluminum layer: thickness and connection method

The aluminum layer has the following functions:

protection from various types of damage, including mechanical loads, bending during installation, changes in water pressure inside the pipe;
protection against linear extensions;
oxygen barrier.

Today pipes are manufactured with different aluminum layer thickness. As a rule, it fluctuates within from 0.15 to 0.6 mm. It is undesirable to take pipes with an aluminum layer up to 0.3 mm thick, since they can be broken during the installation process. The optimal thickness is 0.3-0.55 mm: while maintaining sufficient strength, such pipes remain flexible and easy to install. If the aluminum layer exceeds 0.55 mm, then you will have to put a lot of effort into the installation process. Such pipes are more expensive, but in terms of strength, of course, they perform best.

Layer aluminum foil turns into a single tube by welding, but it works different ways:

Which metal-plastic pipes are best to choose? Of course, seamless, especially if we're talking about on the installation of critical systems.

No. 5. Type of plastic in the inner and outer layer

For the production of metal-plastic pipes, the following are used: types of plastic:

No. 6. Bonding layer

To connect plastic and metal to each other, use special compounds, the properties of which make it possible to transform a multilayer structure into a single whole. It is difficult to say what kind of glue manufacturers use and what components are included in its composition, since companies keep glue formulas secret. All we have to do is check the safety certificates and make sure that the product is non-toxic.

The glue not only binds all layers of the pipe together, but is also responsible for the elasticity of the product. The bonding layer is the most vulnerable point in metal-plastic pipes. When the glue loses elasticity, the product begins to delaminate and flow.

A metal-plastic pipe for heating and pipelines must have a high-quality binding layer: delamination should not be visible on the cut. If you notice that the layers are not fastened together tightly enough, then such a pipe is unlikely to last long.

No. 7. Diameter of metal-plastic pipes

When choosing metal-plastic pipes, it is important to focus on such important parameters products:

internal diameter is the main characteristic that determines throughput pipes;
the outer diameter is also indicated upon sale and ranges from 16 to 63 mm;
wall thickness ranges from 2 to 3.5 mm, increasing as the diameter increases.

The most popular sizes of metal-plastic pipes:

No. 8. Metal-plastic pipes for heating

IN centralized systems heating pressure can rise to 4 atm, in autonomous ones it rarely exceeds 1-1.5 atm. The coolant temperature is about +70 0 C, sometimes it rises to +90 0 C (if you use, then this parameter can easily be adjusted). This once again convinces us that metal-plastic pipes can be used to organize a heating system.

The only thing limitation, which is present in this case, is the need to maintain positive temperatures in the house. The linear expansion of such pipes is minimal, so if the water in them freezes, the metal-plastic will tear. That is why it is used to organize heating in constantly heated rooms.

If used where overheating of the coolant is possible, it is better to install a heat accumulator, otherwise with frequent temperature increases above +100 0 C the pipes may leak.

No. 9. Metal-plastic pipes for water supply

For transportation cold water Any metal-plastic pipes will do. If we are talking about hot water supply (this also applies to heating), then you only need to take pipes made of cross-linked and linear polyethylene. Be sure to pay attention to the markings of the pipes, which should reflect such data as operating pressure and temperature, type of material of manufacture, plant name and batch number. Before purchasing, check what nominal and peak pressure indicators are typical for your water supply.

Since we are talking about transporting water that will be used, incl. for drinking, it does not hurt to make sure the product is safe and look at the certificates of conformity hygienic requirements. Of course, the pipe itself should not have foreign inclusions, scratches, dents or other defects.

No. 10. Fittings for metal-plastic pipes

The connection of individual sections of the pipeline is ensured through the use of special fittings. Of course, the topic of choosing suitable fittings requires more detailed consideration, but we will focus on the main types of connections and their features.

So, fittings for metal-plastic pipes come in the following types:

split fittings also called collapsible, threaded and collet. They are more expensive than others, they can be assembled and disassembled several times. The body of this fitting is made of brass; fixation is ensured by a ferrule and gasket. IN general outline The installation process looks like this. Markings are applied to the pipe, cutting is carried out with a special device and the pipe is calibrated (necessary to restore its shape). Then the union nut and fitting collet are placed on the pipe, and the fitting body is inserted into the pipe until it stops. All that remains is to screw the union nut onto the fitting, put the union nut on the other pipe and connect the elements (illustrated in the video). This connection is used to organize systems cold water supply, for heating and hot water this is not the most suitable option– after 2-3 years you can notice a leak. Of course, the connection can be tightened, but all this is for the time being, i.e. until the thread resource is exhausted;

No. 11. Major manufacturers of metal-plastic pipes

The best guarantee of quality is the name of the manufacturer. Today the following large manufacturers compete in the metal-plastic pipe market:

To avoid running into a fake, before buying, look on the Internet what pipes from a certain manufacturer should look like, what color the internal and external plastic should be, what texture the product has, how it is marked. On original products, the inscriptions will always be clear. By looking at the internal cut, you can easily recognize how aluminum is welded: remember, the advantage is on the side of a seamless, butt-welded connection. The thickness of the outer and inner layers of plastic must be the same throughout the entire pipe; defects, scratches, bumps and depressions are not acceptable.

Pipes made from a symbiosis of metal and plastic are produced for the construction of intra-house highways. New products made it possible to assemble a water supply and heating system yourself, without involving plumbers. Pipelines serve for a long time, are installed extremely simply and quickly, without creating problems even for inexperienced craftsmen.

We will tell you everything about the specifics of using metal-plastic products and methods of connecting pipelines assembled from them. The article describes in detail the negative and positive sides their use. Here you will learn how to install trouble-free systems.

Metal-plastic (metal-polymer pipes) are composite products for the production of which they are used different kinds materials. Similar elements have an attractive appearance, good wear resistance, elasticity, strength.

Metal-plastic pipes are distinguished by high consumer qualities (strength, flexibility, resistance to high temperatures and aggressive substances), as well as aesthetic appearance

Typically, a pipe consists of five layers. A durable polymer, usually cross-linked polyethylene, is used as a supporting base. It makes the inner surface smooth, protecting it from blockages, and also contributes to the strength of the product.

An adhesive is applied to the core, on which aluminum foil that stabilizes the pipe is attached (it also prevents the ingress of oxygen). The connection is secured by butt or overlap welding.

The design of the metal-plastic pipe involves the use of five layers various materials: two layers of polyethylene, two layers of glue, a layer of aluminum foil

The fourth layer is also applied with glue, to which the outer covering – polyethylene – is connected. white, providing protection to the product and giving it an aesthetic appearance.

Technical characteristics of pipes D 16-20 mm

Here are the data typical for metal-plastic pipes of common diameters (16 and 20 mm):

The wall thickness is 2 and 2.25 millimeters, respectively; The thickness of the aluminum layer is 0.2 and 0.24 mm.
One running meter weighs 115 and 170 grams and holds a volume of liquid equal to 1.113 and 0.201 liters.
The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.43 W/m K, the expansion rate of metal-plastic is 0.26x10 4 per 1 degree Celsius, the roughness coefficient is 0.07.
When the material breaks transversely, the strength coefficient is 2880 N.
The strength of the connection between the adhesive layer and the foil is 70 N/10 sq. mm, the strength coefficient of the aluminum welded layer is 57 N/sq. mm.
Metal-plastic pipes can operate even at +95 o C, briefly withstanding temperatures of +110-130 o C.
Within the temperature range from 0 to +25 o C, the system operates at a pressure of up to 25 bar, and at +95 o C it can withstand a pressure of 10 bar.
The tightness and integrity of the metal-plastic pipe is broken under a load of 94 bar (at +20 o C).

At correct installation and compliance with operating rules, products made of metal-polymers can last 50 years or more.

Advantages and disadvantages of metal polymers

Among the advantages similar products can be attributed:

ease of installation: connections of various categories of metal-plastic pipes are carried out quickly and easily;
high heat resistance (water heated to 100°C can be transported);
reasonable price (metal-polymer pipes are cheaper than metal and most plastic analogues);
high strength and ring stiffness;
resistance to corrosion and aggressive environments;
reluctance to form deposits and blockages;
aesthetic appearance;
high throughput;
low thermal conductivity;
sufficient plasticity;
possibility of easy repair;
durability.

The main disadvantage of such products lies in the fact that the metal and plastic from which the pipes are made have different expansion rates. Regular temperature changes of the agent in the pipes can lead to weakening of the fastenings, which causes leaks in the structure.

To avoid this, experts advise, when performing installation, to always provide a certain margin at pipe joints. It will also be useful because metal-plastic systems do not withstand water hammer well.

Image gallery

What materials will be needed?

To lay the pipeline, it is important to stock up on the following components:

pipes (coils, measured sections);
various fitting options (bends, tees, corners), with the help of which individual sections of pipes are transformed into a single system;
fastening elements - dismountable clamps and clips, with the help of which metal-plastic structures are fixed to supporting surfaces, most often on the wall.

It is important to choose everything in advance necessary materials and tools to then carry out all the work smoothly.

He will introduce you to the range of metal-plastic products for pipeline assembly.

Pipe line marking

Before starting work, it is important to think about how the pipes will be placed.

When developing a scheme, it is advisable to:

Draw pipeline lines directly on the walls of the room where it is planned to be laid, which helps visualize the structure.
As a starting point, use the connection point of the pipe to the tap or radiator, which must already be installed before installation begins.
Minimize the number of tees and crosses that affect pressure stability, and also minimize the number of other fittings.
For corner laying of metal-plastic pipes, you can use a pipe bender or corner fittings.
All connecting elements should be provided with free access, since threaded fasteners need periodic tightening to avoid leaks.

The installation of connecting elements must be carried out after completion of calculations and marking of the structure.

Overview of fittings for metal-plastic systems

To prepare for work, it is important to cut the pipes into sections of the required length, and all cuts must be made strictly at right angles. If the pipe becomes deformed during the cutting process, it must be leveled with a gauge (it will also help remove the internal chamfer).

For connecting metal-plastic pipes different categories V single design connecting elements are used - fittings that differ in design, size and fastening methods

Various are used for installation of the structure; we will dwell on them separately.

Option #1: collet

Push-in fittings, consisting of a body, a ferrule, and a rubber gasket, have a detachable design, so they can be used several times. The thread of the parts allows them to be combined with household appliances.

To connect the connecting elements to the pipe, you need to put a nut and a ring in series. Insert the resulting structure into the fitting and tighten the nut. To make it easier for the pipe to pass into the connecting element, it is advisable to wet it.

Option #2: compression

Widely used for connecting pipes are parts that can be called conditionally detachable. Before installation, it is important to ensure the presence of o-rings and dielectric gaskets, which should be located on the shank of the part.

Metal-plastic pipes and fittings

At the stage of purchasing metal-plastic pipes for heating and fittings for its further installation, all calculations should already be ready. That is, you go to the store with a list and know exactly what you need. As to whether it is possible to install metal-plastic pipes for heating, we can confidently give an affirmative answer. In addition, they are perfect for plumbing.

How to choose metal-plastic pipes

Due to their multilayer nature, metal-plastic heating pipes are not so susceptible to linear expansion. If you look at the cut, you can only count three layers, one of which is aluminum. If we take into account the layers of glue, then there will be five in total, depending on your convenience.

The maximum temperature limit is 95 degrees. Based on this, the debate about whether it is possible to install metal-plastic pipes for heating ceases to be relevant.

You must know what type of heater will be installed, since the diameter of the metal-plastic pipes for heating is selected based on the characteristics of the boiler. The indicator varies from 16 to 63 mm. Despite their external similarity, different plastics are used for their manufacture. Information about operating parameters and manufacturer is printed on the outer wall. Marking elements do not always have the same sequence. The characteristics of metal-plastic pipes for heating, which are really important, can be read in the product labeling:

manufacturer. Everyone unanimously talks about which metal-plastic pipes are better for heating - Western-made ones, and they also unanimously oppose Turkish ones;
a type of plastic. Polypropylene is marked as PP-R, polyethylene as PE-R, and cross-linked polyethylene, accordingly, is marked PE-X;
dimensions. It should be noted that the walls of metal-plastic pipes are thinner than polypropylene pipes. With the same outer diameter, the inner section is different. Dimensions in the markings are indicated in millimeters;
withstandable operating pressure at 20 degrees. On average it is 20 atmospheres. This is an indicator at which the circuit will last half a century. At a temperature of 95 degrees and a pressure of 2 MPa, one cannot count on such a long service life. In apartments with central heating, the working temperature reaches seven atmospheres. Accordingly, the information in the markings will be more needed when carrying out hydraulic tests, when the pressure in the circuit with a cold coolant is artificially increased;

There are different reviews about metal-plastic pipes for heating. If installation is carried out using press fittings, then the majority of craftsmen advocate the use of this material.

Selection of fittings

To install heating from metal-plastic pipes with your own hands, two types of fittings are used:

clamping

Clamp fitting

The connection is made using an O-ring and collet. Therefore, it is also called collet pipe connection. A collet is a ring that has a connector. When you start tightening the nut, it puts pressure on the ring, which, in turn, contracts, wrapping around the outline. For the tightness of the connection on the shank of the fitting, which is inserted inside the pipe, there are two sealing rubber bands. It is important that they remain there after assembling the circuit, since installation errors lead to their rupture. It is possible to dismantle the fitting in order to heating system;

sliding

Press fitting

A permanent type of connection that cannot be dismantled. Here the fitting body is also secured in the pipe with a ring. Only it differs in design from the collet. The press ring has no breaks and its width matches the length of the fitting shank. The ring is clamped using mechanical or electrical presses.

Installation of metal-plastic using compression fittings

First of all, it should be noted that it is advisable to assemble heating from metal-plastic pipes with your own hands, using high quality materials. Savings will lead to the fact that it will no longer be possible to guarantee the absence of leaks after several years of operation. If you want to count on quality high level, need to use good tool:

scissors for cutting metal-plastic and polypropylene pipes;
shaver - designed to give the hole the desired shape and for chamfering;
set of open-end wrenches.

At first, they used shaver, which chamfered and at the same time calibrated the pipe, removing a small layer of plastic inside. In this case, even if you purchased the best metal-plastic pipes for heating, the fittings did not fit into them so tightly, and the connection was weak. Modern shavers only give the contour the desired shape and remove the chamfers.

Metal-plastic pipe connection for heating compression fitting, according to many users, requires tightening after two to three years of use. This is often associated with incorrect installation. Important points installation of heating in a private house from metal-plastic pipes:

If you don’t skimp on quality and do everything carefully, the quality of the circuit will be sufficient to safely operate it. Mechanical stress should also be avoided, for example when there are children in the house.

The advantage of the method is its simplicity. It’s very important when you don’t want to pay someone for work, but it’s irrational to purchase expensive tools for one time. Naturally, quality suffers from this, since clamp fittings are inferior in reliability to pressed connections. But if there are no other options, you will have to pay more attention to the current connections of metal-plastic heating pipes.

Installation of metal-plastic with press fittings

A more reliable connection method is press fittings. A heating system made of metal-plastic pipes represents serious competition in the heating market. In addition to all the above tools, you will need a special press for the job. Let us immediately note that for high-quality installation you need a good tool. The cost of a small press starts from 1.5 thousand euros, excluding attachments, which will also cost about 1 thousand euros.

Holes at the base of the ring to control the fit of the fitting

The installation itself is quite simple:

the pipe is cut and calibrated;
chamfers are removed;
the ring is put on;
a fitting is inserted into the hole;
The ring is pushed onto the fitting using a press and clamped, thereby securing the connection.

With this assembly method it is easy to check the work of the installer. The fitting must fit into the pipe until it stops. It has special holes through which you can see to what level the plastic has reached. This connection is permanent. The disadvantage of press fittings is that they are very demanding on the presses. The quality of the connection greatly depends on this.

An important point about using metal-plastic pipes in heating, which applies to both types of installation: try to break the circuit as little as possible. Why insert additional fittings if you can simply bend the pipe. This can even be done by hand.

This necessarily applies to underfloor heating systems. There should be a continuous, unbroken section under the screed. When laying, two schemes are used:

shell;
snake

The first is preferable, since with this installation scheme for a heated floor system, the bends are smoother, unlike a snake, which has many turns at an angle of 90 and 180 degrees. Before pouring the screed, the contour must be securely secured using clips or clamps. It is important that the same distance is maintained between the pipes, otherwise the floor will heat up unevenly. The underfloor heating system can replace classic heating with radiators.

Metal-plastic – is it worth trusting?

There is a lot of debate about which ones, metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes, better for heating. Comparing installation methods, it can be noted that soldered joints are more airtight compared to push-out fittings. But the use of metal-plastic pipes in heating systems in conjunction with compression fittings has an advantage. The bottom line is that when welding polypropylene, the degree of heating of the material plays a key role. If the parts are heated insufficiently or excessively, their connection is highly likely to leak. In addition, melted plastic often narrows the diameter of the passage.

Fittings for metal-plastic pipes also narrow the cross-section of the contour, but not as critically as with improper soldering of polypropylene. The final cost of installing a heating system made of metal-plastic will be higher. The pipe itself does not cost much; the lion's share belongs to fittings, connectors and other adapters. When installed correctly, this system is more stable. The joints are strong and sealed, the coefficient of linear expansion is much lower. It is possible to continuously improve the system by adding additional equipment.

Many people are interested in the question: “How can you do the wiring of the heating system pipes with your own hands?” country house? I'll try to convey to you the simplest scheme on specific example Houses. I’ll just make a reservation right away that this material can only be considered as an introductory document, and the installation of heating systems should be left to professionals who have the appropriate education and a package of permits for this.

Figure 1. Floor plan of the house.

Now let's decide on the key materials. Our heating system should be inexpensive and easy to install. We will use metal-plastic pipes. Unlike polypropylene or PEX pipes, metal-plastic pipes do not require special tool, with the exception of a pipe cutter and a pipe bending spring. But these tools are not that expensive. We use threaded tees, angles and other fittings, so that it is possible to tighten them in a simple way if something happens wrench. You can use any radiators, but we will mean using aluminum sectional ones. Pipe distribution is external, along the wall near the floor.

Figure 2. A spring for bending a metal-plastic pipe and a pipe cutter.

Heating scheme.

IN this project It is optimal to use two-pipe wiring. One pipe is supply, the other is return. Bottling is independent for each floor. This means that two pipes go to the first floor and two pipes to the second. The resulting four pipes are installed where the hydraulic unit with the boiler will be installed. You can connect two feeds and two returns, respectively, and then bring them to the boiler through one common pump. But the performance of such a system is questionable due to quite large quantity consumers.

In order for the coolant flow and heat distribution across the radiators to be uniform, we will reduce the diameter of the pipe after each radiator (with the exception of end radiators). Installation of heating systems using this method most common along with beam wiring. Beam distribution has some advantages, but is significantly more expensive due to the high pipe consumption. Based on everything written above, we obtain a two-pipe circuit shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Two-pipe heating system wiring diagram.

Heating materials.

Pipe d32: 2*3m (first floor) + 2*3m (lift to the second floor) + 10% (reserve). In total, an average of 15 m will be required. (See also:)
Pipe d26: 2*8m (first floor) + 2*6m (second floor) + 10% (reserve). Total 31 m.
Pipe d20: 2*10m (first floor) + 2*10m (second floor) + 10% (reserve). Total 44 m.
Pipe d16: 2*8m (first floor) + 2*10m (second floor) + 15*1m (connection to radiators according to the number of radiators) + 10% (reserve). Total 56 m.
Tees can be determined according to the scheme: 26x32x26 - 4 pcs., 26x16x26 - 8 pcs., 26x16x20 - 8 pcs., 20x16x16 - 8 pcs. You will also need 4 adapters from d32 pipes to threads in the boiler room. You also need 15 valves at the inlet to the radiator and 15 at the outlet. It is better to use corner valves to make it easier to attach the pipe to them. To switch from d16 pipe to valve thread, you will need 30 adapters d16x3/4” or d16x1/2”, depending on the diameter of the purchased valves.
Fastening clips are taken at the rate of one clip per 1..1.5 m of pipe.

Installation procedure.

Pressure testing is carried out as follows. Connect a pump to the supply pipe through a drain valve, which pumps coolant into the system. In this case, the drain valve on the return line must be open. Pump in coolant until it flows from the return line. Turn off the return valve. Next, pump until the pressure in the system reaches 3 bar. Stop the pump. Bleed all radiators. At the same time, monitor the pressure. If it drops below 1 bar, then it is necessary to raise it using a pump. After bleeding air from all radiators, increase the pressure to 2-3 bar and close the drain valve on the supply pipe. Your system is now pressurized. After the first heating cycle, the heating system may leak, so it is necessary to check all joints and, if necessary, tighten them, as well as re-bleed the air from the radiators. Pressure testing of the boiler room and startup of the boiler must be carried out by a specialized organization.