Do-it-yourself Kuznetsov heating and cooking stove. Do-it-yourself Kuznetsov stove: layout drawings and description of the stove's masonry. Basic installation rules

A disadvantage of most furnace designs is their low productivity coefficient. This is the result of quitting too quickly. flue gases. The problem can be solved by lengthening the chimney, but the draft will then decrease, as well as the combustion intensity.

When designing a brick stove, the main tasks are:

ensuring good traction;
increasing heat transfer of the entire volume of generated thermal energy.

These tasks are mutually exclusive, so you need to find a “golden mean” so that the smoke lingers as long as possible, but the draft does not deteriorate. One of the best solutions to this problem is Kuznetsov furnace.

All existing Kuznetsov furnaces (and there are more than 150 of them) can be divided into several groups according to the function they perform:

baths;
cooking (for cooking);
heating;
grills;
fireplaces;
complex.

Important! The most popular of them are combined cooking and heating structures.

The furnaces described above work on the same principle. Directly behind the combustion chamber there is an air cap that separates the hot smoky gases. The entrance hole here is located at the bottom, and not at the top, as was done before. The heated gases in the bell rise upward, and the cooled and, accordingly, heavier gases come out. Soon the hot gases also cool down and leave the bell in the same way.

Skeptics even today consider the described technology to be ineffective - smoke retention should lead to deterioration in draft. In fact, everything is not so, and the fallacy of this opinion is quite easy to prove.

The air rarefaction indicator under the hood is 0.18 hPa, which can be considered a negative value in relation to normal pressure in the atmosphere. Hence natural convection.
To others important point is the open door of the blower. It compresses the air flow, regularly replacing the rarefied air under the hood.
The length of the pipe also plays an important role. This is the air pipeline that passes the entire flow of smoke gases and, therefore, ensures the maximum speed of their movement.

Important! With the help of a Kuznetsov stove, you can provide not only individual heating, but also a supply hot water. For this purpose, the rear part of the hood is equipped with a steel heat exchanger.

What can such a strange chimney provide?

Stratification of smoke gases by temperature directly after the combustion chamber.
In the path of gases, you can install not one, but two or three caps at once. As a result, the smoke will give off more heat, and the structure itself will consist of several zones with a permanent temperature.
The hood is located next to the firebox and smoky gases that have not yet given up their heat enter it. As a result, ash, carbon monoxide and volatile hydrocarbons, which in a conventional stove are carried away by the chimney, burn out under the hood in this design. This leads to increased heat transfer and minimizes the amount of soot in the chimney.
Thanks to natural convection, combustion products are physically unable to leave the stove before they give up all the heat.
The heat exchanger in the Kuznetsov furnace, unlike other types of construction, is located in the hood, that is, outside the combustion chamber. It cannot in any way affect the temperature of the fire and, as a result, does not reduce efficiency.

Now - directly to the construction process.

What will be required at work?

When performing the entire complex of activities you will need:

Do-it-yourself Kuznetsov stoves: construction technology

Building a stove of this type is quite simple, even for people doing this for the first time. It is important that the construction technology, as well as the order, are observed.

Stage 1. Foundation

If the base for the stove is made at the same time as the foundation of the house, you only need to adjust the dimensions to the chosen design. But if there is none, then it is undesirable to connect it to the main foundation - it is better to fill it separately and make it slightly wider (12-15 cm) than the area of the future building.

I. Kuznetsov himself advises building a solid foundation from sand-lime brick.

Stage 2. Laying

Important! You should think about it in advance correct location chimney indoors and on the roof. It must meet certain requirements (see figure). Only after this can construction begin.

A detailed arrangement of the Kuznetsov furnace can be seen in the image below.

Order

Rows No. 1 and No. 2 must be laid out from fireclay bricks. The main thing is not to use for this the solution that was mixed earlier for the construction of the foundation. From row No. 2 you can start removing the smoke channels, but it is advisable to make the bottom of the oven somewhat thicker.

For smoke channels that improve heat transfer, four cleanouts are installed: one at the back, the second in the ashpit, the third and fourth at the side. The length and width of the cleanings are determined individually, and a building level and angle are used to check horizontality/verticality.

Important! The main difficulty may be laying half bricks. For better cutting, it is advisable to use a grinder.

A wall is formed between the blower and the rest of the furnace, as well as all internal partitions. When laying row No. 5, a grate is installed.

In rows Nos. 17-18, an overlapping cap is constructed, and in No. 21 a pair of passages are left running along the left and right inner walls.

In general, having a clear order in hand, building a Kuznetsov stove is quite simple and, as a rule, no difficulties arise.

Stage 3. Verification

Upon completion of the masonry, it is necessary to carry out the first kindling. A minimal amount of fuel is used so that the structure heats up slowly. At the same time, the furnace will be fired, its functionality will be checked, as well as the tightness of the connections of the doors and valves. If the slightest defects are detected, they should be corrected immediately.

Important! The maximum power of the described design is 10 kW - this is quite enough for an ordinary country house.

What else you should know

The combustion chamber is connected to the hood by a vertical slot, which is called a dry seam. The need for such a constructive solution is caused by convection currents moving in both compartments. The portion of flue gas containing a large number of steam is drawn into the combustion chamber to cycle again, which improves the combustion of volatile particles and causes turbulence.

The blower is filled with air not only through the grate, but also from above, through cavities in the walls. Again, this is required for complete combustion of volatile particles, because the air entering through the grate, when reaching the top of the torch, practically does not contain oxygen.

Above the combustion chamber is a grate of refractory bricks called a catalyst. It heats up to high temperatures and, as it were, burns out everything that remains after incomplete combustion of the fuel.

The combustion chamber cannot be made part of the bell, since the fuel must burn in a limited space to create a sufficiently high temperature. If you connect the hood to the firebox, you get a traditional Russian stove, but with poor draft.
Firing should begin with minimum temperature, gradually increasing the intensity of combustion.
At high temperatures, the brick expands, which is why the internal fireclay box can “hang”, that is, empty space is formed on all its sides.
Upon completion of the masonry, it is advisable to cover the entire brick with a special refractory compound.
Every second row of masonry should be laid with steel wire to strengthen the bond.
Doors and other metal elements should be installed taking into account the fact that they expand at high temperatures. To separate the metal from the brick, you need to use a special gasket.

As a conclusion

As you can see, the simplest cooking and heating structure by I. Kuznetsov can be built with your own hands. But if you plan to install a multifunctional stove or the installation technology itself seems too complicated, then you need to turn to experienced stove makers. They will do everything quickly, taking into account all the features, and the finished structure will serve for many years.

For a more detailed understanding of the nuances of masonry, it is recommended to watch thematic video material.

Video - Laying the Kuznetsov stove

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For more than 50 years, Kuznetsov stoves have occupied a high position among heating structures for the home, and this is not surprising, since the stoves have many advantages and are strikingly different from duct stoves not only in appearance, but also in their characteristics. Kuznetsov was the first person who dared to test the most practical and convenient stove system.

In all ovens, hot air moves through channels, and as it passes through them, the walls of the oven heat up, but the air itself quickly cools down. Such air movement can only occur if there is optimal draft, that is, forced, but in this case the furnace body heats up unevenly, which leads to cracking of bricks and the appearance of unwanted cracks. Thanks to Kuznetsov, an independent principle of air movement in the furnace arose. The stoves have a second name - dome, which they acquired due to their unique design.

The hoods of this furnace must certainly communicate with each other using a dry seam - a space of 2-3 cm that is not filled with a solution and a heat insulator through which gases pass from one hood to another. If we talk in simple language, then the operating principle of Kuznetsov furnaces is as follows: gases circulate and pass through the pipe thanks to own strength gravity, and not forcefully, as happens when moving along a chimney.

In channel furnaces, the smoke is pulled through a pipe, but in a bell-type stove it is pushed out. In this case, the cap can serve as a container for heating water or serve as a place for cooking. Even the simplest dome stove can perform double duty.

The figure below shows in detail the principle of gas movement in a Kuznetsov bell furnace.

The red arrows clearly show how hot air moves, and the arrows of blue color the movement of cold air is noted, which enters the oven from the outside through the blower. Due to the fact that the weight of cold air is greater than that of hot air, it will not be able to rise up and will go down, without affecting the overall temperature regime in the hood. In turn, hot air collects under the hood, gradually cooling there, and then it will be displaced by gusts of hotter air that rise upward.

Advantages, disadvantages and differences

The advantages include the following characteristics:

Possibility to heat the stove with different fuels
Uniform heating of the walls
Good heat dissipation
When burning, no smoke or soot is released
The need for cleaning the oven is minimal
The stove does not crack
Keeps warm well
Shape and design can be completely different
Saving on fuel
Possibility to light the stove even with raw wood

One of the main distinguishing qualities of Kuznetsov furnaces is their increased efficiency. In an ordinary Russian stove it is 30%-40%, and in these stoves it is almost 95%. This is what distinguishes these stoves from ordinary Russian ones. The internal concept is thought out in detail and competently, due to which heated air is retained in the stove for a longer period, and cold air, on the contrary, quickly exits into the chimney due to a special recess. It is also worth noting that Kuznetsov stoves can be heated with various types of fuel, even such low-grade fuel as sawdust, on which equipment that provides hot water supply can be installed.

Kuznetsov was the first in the world to use automatic distribution of thrust across channels, which eliminates wastage even with the view open. This system distinguishes Kuznetsov furnaces in that it is unique and simple. In stoves of this design, heat is not wasted, but immediately begins to work to heat the room or hot water supply, since the released gases do not swirl into a vortex, as in duct structures, but give up their energy to impregnate the stove.

If in channel furnaces the remaining fuel masses simply “fly out” into the chimney, then the Kuznetsov bell furnace is designed differently. When there are few fuel masses left and they begin to burn out, the hoods act as a storage device, trapping heated air masses under their arches and transferring all the energy to the walls of the stove.

Among the shortcomings, of which there are not so many, are the following:

It is necessary to carefully follow the order so that the design turns out to be of high quality.
During production it is necessary to use only high-quality materials.

Types of furnaces

All Kuznetsov models are bell-type, but they also have different classifications. Today, several types are known:

Bell furnace - has one bell.
Double hood - two hoods.
Dome - in this type of stove there can be several hoods. Dome stoves are used more often than others, since they can be designed to suit any room and be supplemented with any devices.
With a water heating boiler - it is possible to install additional equipment for such stoves.
With a stove bench - this is a stove on which there is a place for lying.
OVIC heating and cooking stoves - such stoves not only heat the house, but also make it possible to cook on a specially designed stove.
The oven-oven not only heats, but is also equipped with an oven in which you can bake.
A fireplace stove is an ideal option for warming up your home and spending the evening near the fire.
Two-story stoves are stoves that can perform several functions at once. For example, to heat a room, serve as a hob, have a bed and an oven. The only disadvantage that Kuznetsov’s two-story bell-type stove has is its bulky dimensions. This stove will be an ideal option for large rooms.
Russian RTIK stoves - in addition to heating and a hob, the stove is equipped with an additional one on which you can dry firewood or shoes.
Outdoor ovens are more like outdoor units, as they include a grill and barbecue for outdoor cooking.

The models listed above are not the entire list of stoves for various purposes, which were developed according to Kuznetsov’s schemes. There are also many drawings with which you can make mixed options with various functions. In addition to stoves, fireplaces and stoves for saunas are also made using Kuznetsov’s designs. These structures have increased heat transfer, which allows you to quickly heat the room.

How to do it yourself

Most often, heating and cooking stoves OVIK 5 are used in homes; we’ll look at just such a stove as an example.

To make a Kuznetsov stove with your own hands, you will need the following:

Material

Two types of bricks: solid red (M150) and heat-resistant fireclay (ShB-8)
Sand and cement (3:1), but you can also take a ready-made factory mixture
Furnace components: cast iron doors, ash chamber, doors for cleaning holes, valves, grate and views
Wire with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 10 m. Bricks will be tied with it
Steel corners (2 pcs.)
Reinforcing mesh for the foundation

Tools

Master OK
Hammer
Trowel
Joining
Basin or bathtub to mix the solution
Roulette
Plumb
Level
Drill with mixer attachment
Bulgarian

Foundation

Before building a stove, it is necessary to prepare the foundation. With him bookmark You should be careful and do everything exactly according to the instructions, otherwise the foundation will settle under the weight of the stove, and the stove may crack, which will subsequently lead to collapse.

The foundation should be 15-20 cm larger than the oven parameters. Only in this case will it meet all regulatory requirements.

This is an approximate drawing of the foundation, which shows the materials used and has markings.

To make a foundation for a Kuznetsov stove with your own hands, you will need to do the following:

First of all, we dig a pit at least 1 m deep; it is at this depth that the soil freezes in winter. The edges and walls of the pit must be made as smooth as possible, which will allow you to spend less cement mortar.
Next, we make a so-called “pillow” of sand. It is advisable to add sifted sand so that it compacts more tightly. The height of the pillow should be about 20 cm. Then we leave the pillow for a couple of days to shrink.
Next you need to make the formwork. The best option for formwork would be boards, although other material can be used. The upper part of the formwork must coincide with the floor level in the house.
Next we move on to the installation of fittings. A mesh with cells from 50 mm and a rod thickness from 6 mm is suitable as reinforcement. The mesh must be positioned so that it is either in the middle of the foundation or before the concrete emerges from the soil. The last option is the most optimal.
The final stage of the foundation is pouring concrete. In addition to concrete, you can add heavy mineral impurities or gravel to the composition, and the best addition would be a water repellent, which will not allow moisture to be absorbed into the foundation and will extend its service life. After the concrete is poured, its surface must be leveled with a spatula and all defects on the surface must be immediately removed.

After completing the above work, the foundation should be left to dry for some time. Ideally, for at least 30 days, depending on weather conditions, but it hardens within a week, so you can begin further construction of the furnace.

Let's move on to construction. Since the bell furnace is considered the most common design, this is what we will do. Before laying, you need to pay attention to important points:

Before the first laying, it is necessary to lay a waterproofing layer on the foundation, which can be roofing felt or foil-coated isothermal film. If foil is placed, it should be placed with the shiny side up so that it reflects thermal energy.
You should not make changes in the order, as this may affect the operation of the stove and its service life. An exception can be made only in rows of continuous flooring and their appearance can be changed.
To make the front side look solid, you need to take bricks good quality, smooth and without cracks.
If you need to cut a brick, you need to do it with a grinder; the edges and planes must have an even shape.

The first two levels need to be laid with fireclay bricks using oven bonding mortar. The refractory layer will not allow thermal energy to escape into the foundation. From the second row you need to start preparing the ash pan and the blower. Bricks must be laid in a checkerboard pattern and only on clay mortar. It is also necessary to observe the thickness of the seam, which must be at least 5 mm.
In the third row we begin preparing the trajectory of the smoke channels.
To make the stove easy to service, you need to make four standard size cleaning doors in the chimneys.
The grate for the grate must be placed on the fifth level; also at this level the partitions between the blower, hood and firebox are laid.
From the 5th to the 14th rows the combustion chamber is laid out from fireclay bricks. It is important not to forget about a very important factor: there must be a compensation gap between the fireclay and red bricks of the masonry. It is needed so that the furnace is not damaged by thermal expansion of the material.
The doors of the firebox and vent must be installed using asbestos sealant.
In the 17th and 18th rows, the hood overlap has a continuous plane, without holes for the chimney.
As you can see in the order, in row 21 there are two passages left, which are located along the inner walls.
In rows 28, 29 and 30, you can make slight deviations from the order if you want to change the shape of the oven. In case of low ceiling fireproof cuts should be made.
As you lay out, you should line the inner surface brickwork. It is necessary to smooth the joints with a solution, adding heat-resistant material to it.
The overlap must be carried out with 2 cast iron supporting corners, the length of the arm of which must be at least 45 mm, however, the exact size should be selected taking into account the load.

When constructing Kuznetsov furnaces, significantly less building material will be required than for channel furnaces, since dome structures contain more empty space inside. For this reason, the stove can be considered as an economical option, and the shape of the structure can be completely different, including angular.

Before making a Kuznetsov stove with your own hands, you should carefully study the procedures and not deviate even a centimeter from them, otherwise the correctness of the design may be violated. Also, do not forget that you should choose high-quality and reliable material that will meet all safety standards.

Do-it-yourself Kuznetsov sauna stove

The 1st row must be laid so that its surface is level, which can be easily checked with a level, and the shape must be in the form of a rectangle.

As already mentioned, in the 2nd row the first cap and air vent will begin. To do this, you need to take a brick, divide it in half and place each part so that they are pushed out slightly, as shown in the figure. There is no need to use a solution. After finishing the masonry, these halves are pulled out.

The 2nd row will require 14 bricks, and after the bricks are laid, you need to install the blower door, which needs to be supported with several bricks. We wrap the frame with cord, as stated in the recommendations. It must be fixed with wire, which must be placed in the seams. Wire is also used to reinforce the walls of the furnace, which must be laid in every even row.

We lay out the third row, in which the bricks included in it should secure the blower door well.

The blower door in the 4th row should be covered with hewn ceramic bricks, which should look outwards, and hewn fireclay bricks, which should look inwards. There should be a thermal gap of 5 mm between them. To create a gap, you will need a spacer made of corrugated cardboard packaging. Such a gap must be made in all places where two types of brick intersect.

In the fifth row, the fireclay bricks that form the side walls of the firebox must be slightly moved so that the bricks of the bottom row form a shelf, the width of which must be at least 15 mm. This is needed for the grate. In the same row we begin to form a vertical channel that connects both caps. After the row is completely laid out, we install the grate and fill the gaps between it and the brick with sand.

When laying the sixth row, the firebox door is also installed. An asbestos cord is laid between the door frame and the brick, and it is secured at the bottom with wire, and at the top with an iron strip.

When laying the seventh row, a gap of 30 mm is left in the assembly from the brick forming the rear wall of the firebox - this is the beginning of a dry seam.

Following the diagram, lay out the eighth row.

In the ninth row, a channel is formed that connects the firebox with the lower hood. In the diagram, those bricks in the side walls of the firebox are highlighted in lilac, the upper edges of which should be 10 mm below the plane of the row.

When laying the tenth row, do not forget that ceramic bricks are laid without mortar on the asbestos lining that covers the fireclay brick. In the surrounding firebox ceramic bricks you need to make a cutout for the hob. The size of the cutout should be such that there is a gap of 5 mm around the slab. At the point of contact between the fireclay brick and the panel, a gap of 10 mm should be left. Such bricks, cut at an angle, are located on the right and in front, and are indicated in yellow in the drawing.

The walls of the cooking chamber begin in the eleventh row, and the door for the chamber is installed in it. Don’t forget to wrap the frame with asbestos cord and secure it tightly with wire.

From rows 12 to 14 we make masonry according to the order.

After the laying of bricks in the 15th row is completed, the cooking chamber is covered with a sheet of steel, the thickness of which should be 3 mm, and the size 60X55 cm, with a cutout for the exhaust duct. To strengthen the sheet, we use 4 pieces from the corner and a steel strip.

The 17th row is done in order, and in the eighteenth we begin to form the upper cap.

From rows 19 to 27 we place the oven in accordance with the order. In the 28th row we begin installing the main chimney damper. Here, too, you will need to leave a gap of 6 mm around the valve, and the depth under it should be 11 mm.

After the masonry is completely completed, the stove must be left to dry for some time, and the heating must begin with a small amount of firewood.

The bell-type sauna stove has also gained considerable popularity, as it heats all the main sauna rooms and has good heat transfer with minimal fuel consumption. Kuznetsov two-tier sauna stoves are simple and effective. The problem of heating water in the shower is easily solved due to the register built into the stove.

If you decide to make a Kuznetsov stove with your own hands, then it is worth exploring several options for procedures that will help you do it correctly and in accordance with safety measures.

Stove heating in village houses, country cottages, at dachas - not such a rarity. In the urban private sector, along with centralized systems, many people use fireplaces as a heating structure and decorative interior element. And for those who plan to install a powerful universal source heat, replacing both radiators and hob, and an oven, a bell-type oven is suitable - the invention of the Russian engineer Igor Kuznetsov.

Our ancestors noticed the heating effect of open fire when they lit fires in caves. Bonfires were replaced by partially enclosed hearths, and then by the first inefficient fireplaces, most of the heat from which went up the chimney.

The Russian stove, laid using channel technology, in contrast to the famous “blacksmithing”, is only 30-40% efficient

Over time, they came up with a kind of cap that traps hot gases inside the structure, and learned to separate the hot air into several streams. A turning point in technology occurred when I. S. Podgorodnikov, a well-known heating engineer in our country, took up the issue. He invented a “two-story hood,” which organized the exit of flue gases in a slightly different way. However, practice was not enough, and the idea was finally brought to life thanks to I.V. Kuznetsov.

Option of bell-type device wood stove with oven

Igor Viktorovich created a powerful theoretical basis for bell-type combustion, which he was able to successfully put into practice. Only thanks to his work did stove heating become truly effective. He has developed more than 150 different standards, collected dozens standard solutions and schemes. The most advanced modifications became popular, hundreds of craftsmen adopted Kuznetsov’s bell-type furnaces. Let's try to figure out how “blacksmithing” works.

Operating principle of the bell structure

Previously, before Kuznetsov’s discoveries, heating was ducted, that is, hot air from the firebox rose up inside the device, heating its walls. Giving heat to the bricks, the gases cooled and, under the influence of draft, went into the pipe. Over time, due to uneven heating, cracks appeared and the masonry required repairs. The disadvantages of duct heating are rapid cooling and a large amount of soot.

The movement of gases, according to Kuznetsov’s theory, occurs freely. Hot air inside the structure is retained by two hoods, located either one above the other or side by side. There are options with holes in the middle of the domes. Both elements are connected through a so-called “dry seam” - free space necessary for the circulation of gases.

Gas flow diagram in a bell-type furnace

When the fuel burns, hot gases enter the first hood, which is connected directly to the firebox. Expanding, they cannot move upward and stop in a limited space, where they cool over time, or flow downward, reducing draft and delaying the combustion process. Thus, the temperature and combustion power are adjusted independently.

The second hood creates additional draft, resulting in complete combustion first solid fuel, and the resulting heat is retained thanks to the pyrolysis gases accumulated under the roof. Due to the fact that hot air does not evaporate instantly, but circulates inside the device, the efficiency of the heat source reaches 93%. In addition, there is a noticeable saving in fuel (briquettes, firewood or coal), and soot deposition is reduced to a minimum.

Construction of “blacksmiths”: diagrams and procedures

When creating a “product” for the mass user, the author took care of practical application their research, creating a huge set of diagrams and drawings. For the precise construction of a great variety of modifications of bell-type furnaces, the following procedures are used: step by step diagrams with a picture of each row of bricks.

Ordering a sauna stove

Unlike Russian stoves, “blacksmiths” are smaller in size and, accordingly, take up minimal space. The amount of brick is also reduced, due to the large amount of free internal space. Thanks to optimal thickness the walls warm up quickly, and what is especially valuable is that they cool down quite slowly. If you carefully analyze the dome arrangements, you will see how much unfilled space there is inside the structure.

Multifunctional design of the Kuznetsov furnace

Part of the free space is occupied by caps, fixed in a horizontal or vertical order, not necessarily symmetrical. The size of the domes can be the same or different. The vertical arrangement is often used to save space in the room, especially if an oven or dryer is planned. Thanks to the variability of the installation of domes, it is possible to erect a structure of any shape, designed for a specific room or special conditions.

The space under the second hood is often used for mounting heat exchangers, hobs, bread ovens, etc. In projects designed for a bathhouse, a hot water tank or heater is installed in it.

If you correctly “read” the order drawn up by an experienced master, you can achieve amazing results. For example, to maintain room temperature in a house made of rounded logs in winter period you will need 2 fireboxes (morning and evening) with only 5-6 logs each; in the off-season, one firebox is enough.

Procedures for building a fireplace

Various modifications of bell furnaces

The followers of I. Kuznetsov created countless options suitable for independent construction, but each time they started from one of standard projects. Let's look at some of them that can be used to improve a private home or cottage.

Heating structures for home

There are more than 25 standard schemes for constructing heating structures inside house structures, some of which perform only a heating function, but some options have useful additions in the form of a stove bench or oven.

The place is chosen not near the wall, but in the center of the room, which entails a number of advantages:

uniform and efficient heating of the room;
lack of cooling element ( outer wall Houses);
the possibility of free access for maintenance (for example, cleaning vaults);
the ability to add built-in elements (hob, dryer, water heating circuit).

It should be noted the aesthetic perfection of bell-shaped structures: they occupy a minimum of space and look elegant, despite the presence of such details as a foundation. Modifications made “to the ceiling” have a short pipe (a characteristic feature of many “blacksmiths”) and slender outlines. The design possibilities are endless and depend solely on the taste and wishes of the homeowners.

Cooking modifications for the kitchen

Turning a heating brick device into a cooking device is not so difficult - just add metal plate with a pair of burners and slightly change the design of the base. However, full-fledged cooking structures include several additional horizontal surfaces (trays or drying racks), as well as an oven chamber.

Cooking "blacksmith" in the interior of a village house

In terms of the quality of prepared dishes, the dome device is not inferior to branded gas or electric equipment that city residents are accustomed to using. Among the standard designs there are those specially created for baking bread, which are called bread ones. For farmers, gardeners and inveterate gardeners, this is a real find: you can steam berries, dry fruits and mushrooms, and preserve vegetables according to old recipes.

Obviously, the cooking device is also a source of heat, so its more accurate name is heating and cooking. The best place for installation is a kitchen or a large hall that combines a kitchen area, a dining room, and sometimes a living room - in Russian national traditions.

Sauna stoves

To designate bath devices there is a special marking - BIC. Even externally finished “blacksmiths” compare favorably with other heaters. On the one hand, the material for manufacturing is very carefully selected, on the other hand, the installation of the dome does not interfere with the construction of neat and practical configurations. For example, bathhouse owners appreciated the rounded corners, which minimize injuries and burns.

Sauna stoves

Having installed the oven in right place, you can simultaneously heat and supply hot water several rooms - a steam room, a shower room, a dressing room (or a relaxation room). Moreover, parts of the structure opening into a particular room will perform various functions: create steam for the steam room, heat water for the wash room, heat the dressing room moderately.

The sauna perfectly implements the principle of long-term heat preservation, characteristic of “blacksmiths”. Maintenance is kept to a minimum, as logs or briquettes only need to be added occasionally - all thanks to the dome design.

Fireplaces for decorating the living room

Kuznetsov's fireplaces, unlike most dome modifications, have an open design and a reduced efficiency index, but their heat transfer parameters are quite high. The cap prevents the rapid release of heat into the chimney, trapping hot gases in the upper part of the building. When using a conventional fireplace, at the end of the combustion process the room begins to cool; with bell-type heating, a comfortable microclimate remains in the room for a long time.

Construction of a fireplace according to Kuznetsov’s order

The possibilities to change the design and decorate the façade of the fireplace are endless. In addition to the usual shelf, you can build a number of functional useful elements– small dryers for shoes or clothes with niches and hooks, as well as lining outside ceramic tiles or tiles. Interestingly, fireplaces are included in the design of some multifunctional structures.

Outdoor cooking solutions

Entire oven complexes have been developed specifically for outdoor cooking, which are distinguished by their functionality and ease of use. The simplest design is a brick mini-barbecue structure. It holds the heat for a long time and allows you to extend the cooking period.

Barbecue built according to Kuznetsov's drawings

Lovers summer kitchens, kebabs and grilled dishes will be pleased with the design diversity outdoor stoves with layer-by-layer, pyrolysis, bottom and top combustion types. There are models that allow you to simultaneously fry, bake, and stew several dishes at once. Options for ordering bell-type stoves with an oven or grill can be found in the public domain or on the author’s official website.

If you decide to build a stove according to one of Kuznetsov’s plans with your own hands, get ready for careful and scrupulous work. On the diagrams you will find a graphic representation of each row, but before starting laying you need to become familiar with the features of the technique, in particular:

selection and pre-processing of bricks;
purchase of metal parts (plates, dampers, doors, valves);
determining the most suitable location;
preparation of the base and foundation;
possibility of installing a chimney, etc.

Fireclay refractory brick (Sh-5, ShB-8) is recognized as the best material for the internal masonry of “smiths”, and ceramics (M-150) for external decoration. To strengthen brick walls, metal elements (rebar, wire) are used. In order for the stove to function with maximum heat output, experienced craftsmen hone not only their skills, but also every brick - literally. They polish every detail, which is why projects completed by professionals look flawless.

Fireclay brick masonry

A selection of thematic video lessons

Construction of a heating and cooking furnace

The process of constructing a “blacksmith’s bench” with a bench

Heating and cooking option project

Construction of the Kuznetsov furnace is one of the most good decisions for a country or village house. Made according to your order in a professional manner dome structure will become an indispensable assistant and interior decoration. If you want to build a heat source yourself using the order, start with simple option, for example, a summer hob.

In this article we will talk about the features of the installation and operation of Kuznetsov brick kilns. You will find out what types of these furnaces exist, why there are two hoods in the design, and for what purpose they are installed.

What determines the strength of the masonry, what materials are used to arrange the Kuznetsov stove.

We will also tell you about the types of heat exchangers used in blacksmiths.

Creation stories

In the history of home creation, the masters and developers I.V. Kuznetsov, Grum-Grzhimailo, I.S. Podgorodnikov are especially famous. Kuznetsov is the author of 150 developments that have been translated into reality.

Kuznetsov stoves with water heating have become especially popular. They are recognized not only in post-Soviet countries, but also abroad.

Chimneys

Classic stoves in houses complete with hobs, despite the differences in design, have one feature that unites them - the natural draft of the chimney.

This feature has a direct impact on effective work ovens. Without natural draft, the stove will not be able to work; even modern solid fuel boilers need this.

Kuznetsov furnace

Design Features

But this does not apply to the Kuznetsov brick stove, because it is designed in such a way that it does not need natural draft.

Important! Main secret The operation of the Kuznetsov heating furnace is based on the free flow of gases that do not require additional energy.

In a duct or conventional stove, the movement of gases and air is dictated by the presence of draft in the chimney pipe.

Traction

Natural cravings - external factor, which operates on the basis of:

Taking these nuances into account, we conclude that there is draft even when the stove is not working, as long as the damper remains open. During operation of the furnace, the draft becomes several times stronger, and the rate of gas circulation increases.

Thus, a large amount of air masses enters the furnace, the combustion temperature decreases, and the fuel combustion coefficient becomes lower.

Role of the damper

By holding back the flow of air using a damper, we provoke the process of smoldering of the fuel due to a lack of oxygen. This mode is not the most optimal for obtaining heat energy from wood.

A good Kuznetsov bell-type stove with a high fuel combustion ratio should receive maximum heat from the gases so that it does not evaporate through the chimney.

It is difficult to achieve such results in reality, namely because:

thanks to the open damper, heated gases begin to move quickly through brick channels without having time to heat the walls;
a closed damper helps reduce the speed of gas movement, but the brick also does not have time to absorb the released heat and heat the rooms; some of the energy also leaves the stove through the chimney.

Considering these features, the efficiency of almost all furnaces does not reach 60%. Kuznetsov's developments made it possible to solve all these problems. The fuel combustion efficiency of fuel combustion and the heat consumption that is released reaches a level of about 80%.

Not all solid fuel boilers have such indicators. Kuznetsov I.V., laid out the basics of creating a furnace that would comply with the principles of free movement of gases.

Scheme

Working principle using a simple example

In order for you to imagine the principle of operation of the furnace, consider elementary example. Try to imagine a small fire that is located outside. The air supply is continuous and the combustion temperature is low.

Heat has the ability to spread in different directions without a specific direction.

If you cover the fire with a large container like a cap and leave a gap inside, the fire will not go out, but the combustion process itself will change.

When heated, combustion products rise naturally into top part vat, prevent the entry of uncontrolled air flow from outside.

Only if heat is transferred to the vat will the gases undergo a cooling process, descending towards the opening, and penetrate outside, giving way to a warm flow. Under such conditions, the amount of air that is necessary for burning wood penetrates into the combustion area.

Combustion products

The heated combustion products are not displaced by cooled air until they cool on their own. Thus, the process enters the stage of self-regulation.

The peculiarity of Kuznetsov stoves for the home is that their construction occurs using two hoods, and not one. They are connected using a vertical channel.

This improvement is used to transfer heat from fuel combustion into the room. Hot gases travel up under the dome of the 1st bell and give off heat to the walls.

Thus, the gases undergo a cooling process and fall down under the weight of their weight and the pressure of the rising hot flow from the furnace.

Thread division method

For improvement this process, Kuznetsov developed a method for dividing the flow of combustion products by temperature at the beginning of the furnace operation algorithm, namely, immediately behind the firebox.

For this purpose, the inner area of the hood is isolated from the firebox using a partition that does not reach the roof. Due to this, the hot flow penetrates into the upper section.

In Kuznetsov’s heating furnaces, a special dry seam has been created for low-temperature gases, which is located in the jumper and looks like a hole of a certain size.

Thus, under the 1st hood a stable, disorderly movement of gases will be created with the same temperature distribution.

The result of such a process is– more air than necessary does not enter the furnace, since hot gases under the dome and partition do not let it in. Thus, the wood burns completely and leaves waste in zones.

In the cap number 2, which is located at the top, the process of gas movement is the same. Combustion products with lowest temperature They move below, the hot ones move up under the dome and, when cooled, transfer heat to the brick walls. After cooling, the gases descend along the vertical partition, then penetrate into the chimney pipe.

Important! In the two bells of the Kuznetsov brick stove there is a constant pressure of combustion products. It is the pressure that promotes the process of natural draft, so chimney draft is not required.

Types of Kuznetsov furnaces

The order of Kuznetsov furnaces is divided into the following types:

sauna stoves;
brick boilers for heating houses and water;
heating stoves;
heating stoves with hobs;
ovens for baking bread, greenhouse, Russian, hot air.

Kuznetsov stoves for baths

The operating features of Kuznetsov’s bathhouse stoves remain unchanged - the natural movement of gases through 2 bells. It is also important that the design of the bath includes a heater, which must be thoroughly heated in order to produce steam.

Kuznetsov I.V. proposed using a technology for operating the oven in which the stone damper is placed in an oven made of heat-resistant steel. The oven is placed above the firebox itself.

The heat energy collected in two hoods is necessary to heat water and heat the bathhouse and related premises. The water battery is placed under cap number 1 so that you can quickly get to it in case of breakdown.

Kuznetsov I.V., in addition to the development of finished furnaces, also offers methods correct installation do-it-yourself ovens. Tells you how to make the right layout in your house in order to choose correct option installation of a heating furnace.

Also, there is a choice of designs for small stoves for heating small baths, and large ones for heating water.

Kuznetsov stove with water heating

Kuznetsov stoves with water heating of a modern type with the KIK series assigned to them (brick boilers) are very popular. By design, it is a boiler with a cap, which is laid out of brick.

It has a high efficiency - about 70 - 80%, and is in no way inferior to stoves of a similar type. We talked above about how this can be achieved.

1 - 2 registers of steel pipes are built into the furnace, taking into account the power. Ready-made types Such boilers are distinguished by power - 17, 34 and 63 kW.

Kuznetsov offers stoves with two circuits, which are used to heat water and other needs of the owners. The author insists that in order to increase the efficiency and efficiency of operation, the furnace must be insulated using basalt sheeting.

Modern models of Kuznetsov brick stoves with domes are equipped with the latest technology, which contributes to the combustion of gases to the end.

To achieve this goal, a secondary air supply is organized under the dome of the second hood. If good quality wood is used as fuel, then this type of stove will work as a pyrolysis stove.

In order to build a Kuznetsov bell furnace with your own hands, you need to consult with professionals in your field, study literature and drawings. After all, the simplicity that seems at first glance is deceptive.

The Kuznetsov stove for heating a house with your own hands is quite easy to clean, because due to its extremely permissible temperatures Even the ash in the firebox smolderes to the end, and this reduces the frequency of cleaning.

Kuznetsovka is multifunctional; it is often equipped with a hob, oven, and water boiler. The design makes it possible to build stoves of different shapes and sizes, ensuring suitable placement in the house. In addition, you can decorate the outside of the stove in any way.

When installing a Kuznetsov heating stove, the boiler is installed above the firebox in the area of hood No. 1. Water is heated using hot gases that envelop the metal walls.

Boiling water enters the radiator through the upper pipes, and ice water is supplied through the lower pipes. The cooled air, after heating for the second time, enters the second hood, thus maintaining the heat transfer of the furnace.

Heat exchangers in the furnace are divided into two types:

with one chamber - a flat-shaped water compartment or in the form of a boiler;
tubular - the water in it constantly moves through pipes that are placed in parallel.

The second type is considered to be the most effective, namely due to the small volume of pipes in which water is quickly heated and moved through the radiator. The diameter of the pipes must be at least 50 mm, otherwise the water will boil too quickly.

The size of a Kuznetsov stove with water heating depends on how many hoods it has, as well as auxiliary functions. If the stove will be used only for heating, a small vertical structure measuring 1m x 1.2m x 2m will suffice.

To successfully install a Kuznetsov stove, you need to pay attention to the choice of material.

The reason for this is the high temperature in the firebox, which is several times higher than normal.

Therefore, it is not suitable for this purpose. Best choice there will be a material made of fireclay clay that can withstand critical high temperatures. Also, you will need a special mixture for masonry.

You can prepare the mortar for laying fireclay bricks yourself only if you already have sufficient experience and knowledge of the technology. If prepared incorrectly, even with the slightest errors, after a certain time the masonry will begin to crack and deform.

The stoves of Igor Viktorovich Kuznetsov are remembered when it comes to the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of heating a home. Since the 60s of the last century, our compatriot has developed and implemented dozens of bell furnace projects that use the principle of free movement of gases (FGM). The popularity of these inventions is great: foreign manufacturers of heating equipment are carefully studying the experience of introducing blacksmith furnaces. Brick kilns are constantly being improved, combined options are being developed that combine various functions - heating, cooking, baths, boilers, etc.

What is a Kuznetsov furnace and where is it used?

Household heating stoves are divided into two types: duct and bell-type. In ducts, the movement of gases through the chimney occurs under the forced action of draft. Passing through narrow channels inside the furnace mass, the gas releases heat into the walls and, heating the brickwork from the inside, heats the room. But uneven heating of the furnace under the influence of increased draft wears out the masonry and cracks appear. In addition, a narrow chimney is built to a great height - this complicates work in low buildings.

Multifunctional bell-type stove with a stove bench: warms up the room faster by directing heat flows from two structures

Bell furnaces are designed differently inside: with large cavities in the form of inverted bells. They are located either horizontally or vertically above each other. And the smoke leaves the combustion chamber due to free flow: hot air rises, hitting the hood, lingers there for a long time, and falls as it gradually cools. Due to the circulation of cold and hot flows, heat does not immediately leave the furnace, maintaining the temperature of the walls for a long time. In this case, the degree of heat exchange increases, since the time of contact of hot gases with the heat exchanger increases. The efficiency in some models exceeds 90%.

The birth of heating and heating systems using the free movement of gases is associated with the name of the outstanding professor of thermal engineering V.E. Grum-Grzhimailo, who laid the theoretical foundations of bell-type furnaces at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century. Further development of the topic was facilitated by the work of his student and follower, Candidate of Technical Sciences Podgorodnikov I.S. As a result, the SDH system (free gas movement, in contrast to PDG - forced gas movement, which is used in Russian stoves) was improved and patented by I.V. Kuznetsov. In Russian federation.

Furnaces are used not only for heating premises, but also in chemical production and in metallurgy for smelting metals. For example, at the largest steel plant in Zaporozhye, along with blast furnaces, two bell furnaces are used. IN chemical industry widely used muffle furnaces, which are essentially heating systems with free movement gases (LDG).

The operating principle of muffle and bell-type furnaces is similar - combustion occurs without forced draft

Advantages and disadvantages of the Kuznetsov furnace

Bell furnaces are a fairly new phenomenon in construction. Heating of houses with such stoves is not widespread. More often, preference is given to the traditional Russian stove, proven over the centuries. Kuznetsov’s furnaces cannot yet boast such service life. But clear advantages are already visible new system heating

Advantages:

Additional advantages in operation:

ease of maintenance: the oven is cleaned once every few years; prevention does not require special training or tools;
any type of fuel is used - solid, liquid and gaseous;
practically no ash and ashes in the ash chamber: all fuel materials burn completely (without solid residue);
minimal amount of soot in the chimney: “cold” smoke enters the chimney, and condensation, which causes corrosion of the chimney, is almost not formed;
ease of operation: regulation of fuel combustion in the combustion chamber occurs automatically (if the fire is excessive, gases from the hood descend into the firebox and slow down the combustion, and if the flame intensity is low, an additional jet appears supply air, which leads to increased combustion);
fuel economy: high efficiency pyrolysis makes it possible to uniformly provide the room with heat at low cost.

For example, in a house with an area of 100 m2, it is enough to burn 5–7 logs twice a day (15–17 kg in total) to maintain a temperature of +25 o C with an outside frost of -25 o C.

Important properties of such a furnace during operation: the hood is always filled with hot air, which does not allow cold flows to rise, pressing them to the bottom of the furnace. Therefore, an untimely closed valve has almost no effect on the cooling of the structure.

But Kuznetsov’s stoves have only one drawback - there are few craftsmen capable of competently and competently erecting a structure. Therefore, the cost of work is high. The best option- entrust the masonry to a certified specialist who has undergone practical training at Igor Kuznetsov’s author’s seminars. Their contacts can be found on the official website of the inventor.

There are also projects for private use (if you decide to build it yourself) and many models - from a stove with a dryer to a bathhouse that simultaneously heats a steam room with a dressing room in different modes. There are also combined diverse options for home, cottage or office premises. The only limitation is that models cannot be replicated online without a link to the source.

Training for furnace masters: here they will tell you, answer your questions, and show you how to build a stove yourself

I’ve heard a lot of positive and enthusiastic reviews about Kuznetsov’s miracle stoves. I saw two of them. It looks like a wonderful, neat and decent job. According to the happy owners of these creations - New Year They are not afraid to meet at the dacha: they are warm and fed, despite the fact that they have dachas for summer living... By summer I will definitely get the same stove! Thanks to Kuznetsov, he lives in the Urals, and the warmth of his stoves warms the entire Moscow (and not only!) region!

Maria
https://www.forumhouse.ru/threads/25415/

Types of “forging furnaces”

Stoves are made of brick or metal.
Metal - for small rooms, temporary buildings. They are smaller in size and heat up quickly. But they also cool faster, since the thermal conductivity of metal is much higher than that of brick. There are special round-shaped metal furnaces that have very high efficiency.

According to their functions, Kuznetsov furnaces are divided into the following types:

heating;
cooking;
barbecue and grill;
fireplaces;
combined ovens.

Each type of furnace is adapted for a specific purpose and solution of certain problems.

Cooking and heating combined stoves have become popular. They not only keep your home warm, but are also very convenient for cooking. Having an oven with a stable temperature allows you not only to stew and bake, but also to bake bread. Ovens with drying chamber copes well with workpieces dried mushrooms, fruits and berries. A water-heating cabinet is also built into the oven, producing warm water for domestic needs.

Multi-purpose bell-type heating and cooking stove: the first bell heats the room, and the second is used as hob or water heater

Sauna stoves simultaneously heat the steam room, water for washing and a relaxation room. There is, for example, a sauna stove combined with a fireplace, where food is cooked on smoldering coals, and in the steam room you can change the wet bath mode to a sauna mode.

The sauna version of the Kuznetsov stove: after lighting such a stove, you no longer need to regulate its operation and monitor temperature conditions- the process is self-sustaining

The most striking distinguishing feature of Kuznetsov stoves is its versatility. The oven works not only from traditional types fuel, but also from electricity. In this case, electric heating devices (heating elements) are located in the firebox.

Photo gallery: filming the operation of the Kuznetsov furnace with a thermal imager

Blacksmith furnace in the visible spectrum: takes up very little space, but surprises with its heating capabilities Heat distribution at the beginning of the firebox: the top and bottom of the stove heat up almost simultaneously Heat distribution in the middle of the firebox: temperature balance has been established along the entire height of the side wall Heat distribution after the end of the fire: the temperature continues to be maintained at the same level for a long time

For all models, heat distribution throughout the stove body occurs from bottom to top. But after the fire stops, the cooling stove retains heat for a long time both in the upper and lower parts. Thanks to this, the room is heated evenly, without sudden temperature changes.

The design of the Kuznetsov furnace, its distinctive features

The difference between bell-type furnaces and traction furnaces lies in the design of the heat exchanger. In the traditional version, hot gases from the firebox to the chimney pass through several chimney passages, giving off some of the heat to the brickwork along the way. The speed of their movement depends on the intensity of the flame in the combustion chamber and the thrust created chimney. The efficiency of such a device ranges from 30 to 60%, part of the heat “flies into the chimney”. The draft is regulated using the blower door and the stove valve. To maintain a traction furnace in working condition, it is necessary to regularly clean soot from the chimney and empty the ash chamber of fuel residues.

System of channel movement of hot gases of the furnace: gases pass under high traction pressure, not having time to completely give up their heat to densely lined brick rows

In the Kuznetsov furnace, the internal cavity is a free space called a cap. The hot gases that get into it give off heat to the walls and, cooling down, go down.

Cold (blue arrows) and hot (red arrows) gases move along different trajectories, evenly distributed in the cavities of the domes

You can visualize the process by covering a burning match glass jar. The smoke from the extinguished flame will first rise up to the bottom of the jar, and, as it cools, it will fall down along the walls. The smoke moves without compulsion, just like the hot air flow in the Kuznetsov furnace.

A “dry seam” of 2–3 cm must be left between the caps - this is a narrow hole through which cooling gases flow from one reservoir to another. The hotter smoke moves in a different way, without actually intersecting with the cold jets. As a result, the overall heat transfer becomes the maximum possible.

Options for vertical arrangement of caps: with this method of connecting domes, the heat exchanger is placed in the upper part of the second vault, increasing the area of the heating surface

The efficiency of the furnace increases when two or more hoods are laid out. Their location does not matter: in the vertical plane or horizontal. Their sizes and shapes can be different. The thickness of heat exchange walls is usually laid out in one brick - this accelerates heat transfer.

Furnace designs for private low-rise construction

About 150 bell furnace designs have already been created and brought to life. All of them have stood the test of time and are working successfully. Kuznetsov’s team of like-minded people continues to develop new options, improving existing ones. His website contains complete information from detailed description and recommendations for making stoves.

Models are indexed and written with abbreviations. For example, OVIK stands for “heating and cooking stove by Igor Kuznetsov.” OIK is simply “heating”, etc. Each project is accompanied step by step instructions and visual ordering made in the AutoCAD program

Combined model of a stove with a fireplace: the location of the fireplace on the stove is selected based on the layout of the room - a side fireplace, a back fireplace and a side fireplace with a stove bench

There is no need to do calculations and calculations: the site provides accurate measurements and descriptions of finished projects. If necessary, you can contact Kuznetsov and discuss the design conditions with the formulation of a specific task.

Vertically located hoods allow you to build a narrow stove if the room is very small.

The stove can be installed in any home: a new building or an already built one. But construction in a finished house will cost more, since the roof will have to be partially dismantled to remove the chimney. It is better to schedule work for warm weather. To choose the right place to install the stove, you should remember that the closer it is located to the center of the room, the more uniform the heating will be. At the same time, the oven is located closer to front door- it is more convenient to bring in fuel.

Video: construction of a Kuznetsov furnace with a water boiler

A round-shaped dome stove operates with the greatest heat output. But if we are talking about small room and the radius of the furnace circumference is less than 2 m, complications arise with the installation of furnace castings - firebox doors, cleaning pockets, etc. Metal parts designed for flat surfaces are not placed in semicircular shapes: gaps and cracks will appear, which is unacceptable.

A schematic representation of the functioning of the furnace with horizontal cuts and orders helps to better understand the specifics of laying bricks

An experienced craftsman with an assistant lays out a bell-type stove in 2–3 weeks (depending on the complexity of the model). The process is unhurried and requires great care; the fitting of all parts must be careful, with measurements. A beginner will need more time, and you need to be prepared for this before starting work.

Materials and tools

For self-execution Installation of the furnace will require:

There are two types of bricks: red solid (grades no lower than M150) and heat-resistant fireclay (ShB-8).
Fireclay and red bricks differ in their properties: fireclay bricks are heat-resistant, but more fragile, while red bricks retain moisture well and are used mainly as facing
Sand and cement in a ratio of 3 to 1, or a ready-made factory dry mixture, packaged in 25–30 kg bags. For 500 bricks - about 0.2 m 3 of dry mixture.
Composition of the mixture prepared in a factory: natural red clay, quartz sand, molding sand
Cast iron - firebox and ash chamber doors, cleaning hole doors, grate, furnace valves, views.
Cast iron stove valves are made to order to exact dimensions so that there are no gaps allowing air to pass through
Wire for tying brickwork (about 5–7 m), with a diameter of up to 2.5 mm. Dressing is carried out every 2 rows along the outer contour.
Two steel corners for covering the combustion chamber.
The length of the corner is determined depending on the design of the firebox
Reinforcing mesh for the foundation.
The thickness of the metal rod and the cell size are determined depending on the load on the foundation

Tools needed:

Mason's trowel, hammer, trowel, jointer.
A mason's tool should always be kept with you, so as not to be distracted each time while working in search of what you need at the moment.
Buckets or other containers for mixing the solution.
Preparing mortar for masonry is a responsible matter: the better the mortar is mixed, the more reliable the masonry seams will be
Measuring instruments: hydraulic or laser level, plumb line, square, tape measure.
All the devices make the process of building a stove much easier, and it is important to learn how to use them correctly
From a power tool great help You will need a grinder and an electric drill with a mixing attachment.

Preparatory work before assembling the stove

The most important step before constructing a furnace is laying the foundation. Its construction must be approached with all responsibility, because an incorrectly poured foundation can nullify all efforts - a sagging stove will eventually crack and fall apart.

An example of a foundation from sand-lime bricks with names of materials used and markings

In order for the foundation to comply with regulatory requirements, it linear dimensions should be 10–15 cm larger than the dimensions of the stove base.

The procedure for laying the foundation for the furnace is as follows:

The time for complete drying of the foundation is considered to be from 20 to 30 days, depending on weather conditions. But you can begin installing the furnace within a week, when the solution sets and hardens. The ideal option for foundation shrinkage is one year (a full cycle of freezing and thawing of the soil).

One of the options for constructing a Kuznetsov furnace with your own hands

Before starting masonry, pay attention to the following important points:

A waterproofing layer is laid between the foundation and the first rows of the furnace. It can be roofing felt or foil isothermal film (foil up to reflect thermal energy);
It is highly undesirable to make changes to the order. This may cause the oven to malfunction in the future. Kuznetsov’s original designs have been tested in practice, which guarantees the quality and service life of the furnaces. The only exception is the rows of solid flooring, which can be modified for aesthetic purposes;
For facing masonry, bricks without chips, cracks and other noticeable defects are selected;
Bricks are cut using a grinder. Edges and planes must remain smooth and even: a torn shape is unacceptable.

An example of the ordering of a bell-type furnace: a strict order of laying out the rows will ensure the reliability and longevity of the entire structure

The firebox is covered with two metal support corners. Dimensions are selected according to the load, arm length starts from 45 mm.

The thermal gap between the fireclay brick of the firebox and the furnace body protects the brick from destruction during heating of the furnace

Following the exact order instructions, any man who knows how to handle stone and mortar can assemble the blacksmith stove. The main thing is to observe the vertical and horizontal projections of the structure.

Even a woman can cope with such work: building a stove with your own hands is interesting and exciting

After finishing the masonry, the stove should be checked and a test fire should be carried out. The intensity of the first fire should not be high. Smooth heating of the body evenly dries the cement mortar in all directions, from the ash chamber to the exit of the chimney pipe to the outside.

Video: Kuznetsov furnace project in 3D

Video: Kuznetsov furnace project in 3D (part 2)

Features of operation of bell-type furnaces

The first is the automatic fuel combustion mode.
In a conventional stove, when lighting, it is recommended to open the blower to its maximum width in order to create greater draft in the stove. Then, as the fire in the firebox intensifies, the door is gradually closed so that the flame temperature decreases slightly and the heat is transferred to a greater extent into the room.

An ordinary stove requires constant attention, and “as a reward” it also dirty its owner and the space around it.

In bell-type furnaces, manipulating the doors and furnace valves does not make sense. The combustion intensity is regulated by the ratio of the volume of the hoods and the combustion chamber. This happens automatically, you just need to light the fire and lay required amount firewood or other fuel.

The second thing that pleasantly surprises is the absence of the need for daily cleaning of the ash pan. Any flammable material burns completely in the oven, without any solid residue. Almost no soot is formed on the walls of the furnace: as a result of pyrolysis, carbon is oxidized to the state of carbon monoxide (and partially carbon dioxide).

Video: testing Kuznetsov’s stove

A chimney damper that is not tightly closed will not lead to cooling of the furnace: hot gases will remain in the dome until they give up all the thermal energy to the bricks.

So, the construction of a Kuznetsov bell furnace is accessible to everyone. However, if laying a stove yourself is in doubt, it is better to seek help from professionals. Their participation will not only reduce construction time, but will also serve as a guarantee for the further operation of the furnace unit.