To paint on ceramics you will need:
- paints for ceramics (depending on the company and type, they either require baking during high temperature, or they can simply be left to dry, or they need to be varnished);
- contour on ceramics (colorless or colors of your choice. An interesting effect can be achieved by a contour contrasting with the colors of the painting itself; and a strictly black contour will help to create a drawing in the style of pop art or even a scene from a cartoon or comic book, where a thin black line of stroke is often necessary) ;
- the object that you will paint (make sure that it is ceramic and not plastic disguised as it - this is especially important if you bake the painted object in the oven. The plastic may melt);
- acetone (for degreasing);
- varnish for fixing;
- cotton pads or cotton wool;
- brushes of different thicknesses;
- paper and pencils (plain, soft - preferably 2-3B) for the sketch.
How to paint ceramics:
Whatever design you choose for painting, in order to apply it and end up with a beautiful ceramic product, you first need to prepare its surface. Apply a little acetone to a cotton pad or cotton wool and wipe the ceramic thoroughly. It must be low fat.
After degreasing, try not to touch the surface you will paint with your fingers without gloves - human skin is covered on the outside with an insignificant, imperceptible layer of fat necessary for interaction with environment, but this will be enough for the paints: they will apply worse or not at all.
For some paints, the surface after degreasing is also primed with special mixtures, but this is not always necessary. Paints will stick better on porous ceramics; on glossy ones, you will need to finally seal them with ceramic varnish.
Make a sketch on paper, transfer it to the product, and then dry it as stated in the instructions for your paints - use a hairdryer, just leave it on the duck, bake in the oven; this varies depending on the paints. Then coat, if necessary, with varnish.
If the product needed to be baked, then be sure to ventilate the room after opening the oven, especially if you are going to cook in the same oven. The smell may not be noticeable, but it will remain until aired.
Sketches for ceramics
You can draw anything on a plate, cup or dish, but the most popular motifs are, of course, ornaments. One way or another, the elements on round surfaces usually repeated, forming a chain - it consists of flowers or Batman profiles, it doesn’t matter. Trace your item on paper, and then distribute the pattern on this blank. For example, these could be grape brushes or monochrome fairy-tale flowers.
Grapes on a plate
For grape bunches with leaves, use green, yellow and purple paints, as well as a silver outline. Arrange three brushes, consisting of 10-15 grape circles, in a triangle, and fill the space between them along the edge with two leaves in each gap. Add green curly tendrils and outline everything.
Black and white flowers
They can paint any ceramic products. Achieve similarities with real flowers not required, just use your own taste. Such flowers usually do not have leaves, they stand on tall thin legs and look like either peonies or dandelions. Use thin, strict lines, “fill” the petals not with color, but with patterns, and place the flowers not close to each other, as if they were growing in natural conditions. Be sure to add black dots around the flowers - they will look like either dandelion seeds or small fairy lights.
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The conventional name "ceramics" usually refers to decorative and household products made from porcelain, stone ceramics and earthenware. It is customary to paint interior items with special paints. Artists paint not only porcelain dishes, but also cups, teapots, teapots, as well as glass glasses and bottles unusual shape.
for glass and ceramic products
Coverage may vary. Some paints are applied to a “raw” unfired product and then subjected to heat treatment; this type includes cobalt paint. When applied to a product it has grey colour, but after the oven it acquires the famous blue tints of Gzhel.
However, there are many more non-fired ceramic paints on the market. They are applied to already ready product and let dry. This group includes glass and ceramics. They have a rich palette, different packaging and it is very convenient to work with such a coating.
Craft stores offer a huge selection of both ceramic paints themselves and manufacturers. You can purchase ready-made sets of 6-10 bottles different colors, or you can choose required colors yourself.
The purpose and type of the finished product is of great importance. A craftsman who makes items for sale will give preference to quality; parents who decide to work with their children are more likely to choose a ready-made inexpensive set for creativity. To create stained glass windows you will need special translucent paints on water based and the so-called contour. It is better to purchase the latter not a universal one, but a special one for working with glass and ceramics. Some paints cannot be applied to items that are used for serving food, others are completely unstable to water and detergents. You should carefully study the instructions before purchasing paint or consult with store salespeople.
Attention! Inexpensive acrylic paints without firing are washed off with water, but expensive ones can be easily scratched with a knife or fork. Therefore, for painting everyday dishes, it is better to use coatings that require heat treatment.
Foreign manufacturers of acrylic paints
Italian paints IDEA Vetro for stained glass painting are completely unstable to external influences and cannot be used for food purposes. They do not require firing and are made on an organic basis.
Professional paints from Kreul Hobby Line, made in Germany, are very durable and have a rich palette of colors. After painting, the product must be kept in an oven for 90 minutes at a temperature of 160 degrees.
Professional Hobby deLUXE is an excellent choice for items for sale. Although the series is universal, the coating is perfect for working on ceramics and glass. The paints do not require heat treatment and are resistant to abrasion and water. However, they cannot be used for everyday dishes; the coated jars themselves are quite large and cost more than their analogues, and the palette consists only of delicate pastel colors.
Domestic producers of acrylic paints
From Russian manufacturers You can note the paints for ceramics and glass Olki, "Gamma" and Decola. All of them do not require firing and are not very resistant to abrasion. Products from the Olki series can rarely be found on sale; the paints themselves are practically no different from universal acrylic ones. Gamma coatings have a too liquid consistency and are inconvenient to work with, and the color palette is meager, dull and inexpressive.
Perhaps, among domestic products, the choice of Decola paint for glass and ceramics will be optimal in terms of price and quality ratio. creates coatings of bright and juicy flowers. Paints for ceramics are waterproof and are subject only to external mechanical influences, which means they are suitable for decorative purposes. The line includes ready-made sets and stained glass coverings. Decola paints for ceramics and glass are presented in two versions: matte and metallic, the same applies to the manufacturer’s contours.
Paints for ceramics and glass
Special coatings are required for working with porcelain and earthenware, ceramics and glass. Universal paints cannot always adhere to the smooth and even surface of materials.
Can be purchased ready set with basic colors and mix them on the palette, achieving the desired shade. But if the master’s skills and experience in mixing paints are limited, you should purchase colors separately. The Decola palette is very diverse, it contains delicate pastel shades, ordinary matte, metallic gloss coatings and bright rich colors.
Special colorless paints can preserve the brightness of colors and patterns. protective varnishes. When purchasing, you need to find out whether the coating can be used for food purposes. But even if you couldn’t find a special one, the product can still be placed on the table, just use it rarely and carefully.
Contours for glass and ceramics
This type of material can be used independently and in combination with other paints.
The contour is indispensable for working on glass and creating stained glass windows. They can also be purchased as part of a set or individually. The substances contained in the contours adhere the pigment well to the smooth surface. The stroke outlines the boundaries of the drawing and does not allow the paint to spread over the surface. The most beautiful and unusual works are obtained by combining colors and contours in creativity.
The coating is very easy to use. First you need to come up with a design and select a suitable item. Then take a tube of contour and carefully transfer the drawing, trying not to touch the lines with your hand or fingers. It only takes a little practice in pressing force to obtain the line of the desired thickness.
Stained glass paints
Glass painting has its own nuances. As a rule, it is required to maintain the transparency of the material even after applying paints. The light passing through the stained glass windows is colored and, falling on objects, creates fabulous patterns around.
Stained glass paints are made translucent, as they must transmit light. To apply them, the glass surface must be degreased; this condition also applies to other materials. You can purchase a solvent for the coating kit; it will be needed when making changes to an already applied pattern or correcting errors. Finished work can be dried for 3 hours or fired at a temperature of 100 degrees, but not more than 30 minutes.
Stained glass paints and contour are simply made for each other and always go together. By combining both coatings, you can easily and simply create unique things. You need to draw the design of the picture and place it behind the glass, and simply transfer it to the surface with an outline. Stained glass paints are quite fluid and will easily fill the voids between boundary lines.
The modern market for creative goods is ready to offer not only paints, but also a whole sea related materials. For example, removable metal tips for outlines, stencils for stained glass, markers for ceramics and gel pencils that imitate glass after drying.
Dot painting of ceramics
There are many techniques for painting ceramics and glass. Masters find themselves in 2-3 types of work, study all the intricacies of materials and coatings and successfully work with them, combining and combining the experience gained.
Spot painting very popular in painting dishes and plates. A pattern - dots using colored outlines - is applied to already processed and painted ceramics. The finished products attract the eye, it is impossible to pass by them and remain indifferent.
Although the writing style is reminiscent of Arabic culture, it is impossible to say where the technique was invented. Similar paintings are found both in Africa and India. The items will be reminiscent of the culture of the country whose characteristic elements are chosen for the pattern design.
Animalistic painting
The subjects of paintings for ceramics and glass are often the flora and fauna.
Undoubtedly, such wonderful plates will delight both children and adults. Children can work with paints and try to paint a mug or dish themselves. The child will be proud and happy to eat breakfast from homemade dishes.
It is much easier to work with special felt-tip pens and gel pencils than with paints. If the drawing is erased, it can be easily updated or corrected. And although many people think that a felt-tip pen is too simple and boring, with imagination you can create beautiful things with limited means.
Minimalism in painting ceramics and glass
Even if the master has no skills artistic painting or drawing by hand is not his calling, the modern desire for minimalism in art will hide these shortcomings.
Unique things can be made using ready-made stencils. The main thing is to correctly play with the color and shape of the object. One simple but neatly executed pattern can attract more attention than a tastelessly painted huge dish.
When a person has a desire to create and create, one should not limit oneself to far-fetched reasons. The main thing in this matter is to start, and skills and abilities will come with experience!
Vase painting- ornamental or figurative decorative painting of vessels, performed almost exclusively ceramic method, that is, with special paints followed by firing - was developed in Crete-Mycenaean art (Aegean culture); “Kamares” vases (20th-18th centuries BC) with stylized, flexible round floral patterns; vases with life-like images of plants (late 17th-16th centuries BC), octopuses, fish, starfish (16th century BC). In the 20th–16th centuries. BC e. the paintings freely covered the entire vessel
.
The paintings of vases in the “palace style” (late 15th century BC) were more strict in composition, with smaller and more geometric floral patterns and wavy lines. In late Mycenaean art (14th-12th centuries BC), paintings (schematic images of people and animals, replaced by geometric motifs, spirals) are drier and more laconic.
There are two methods of vase painting: vase painting on glaze and underglaze painting. The finished product is painted using the glaze, and underglaze painting is applied to the pre-fired product. After finishing the artist’s work, the product is covered with a layer of transparent glaze and fired again at high temperature.
IN Kievan Rus clay products were covered with ceramic mass, followed by mountain firing. This technique was called engobing.
IN ancient Greece Vases were covered with so-called black varnish, white, purple, less often - fragile “watercolor” (blue, pink, red, gray, yellow) paints and gilding
Geometric style (9th-8th centuries BC; horizontal stripes of rhythmic linear patterns and geometric images, clearly revealing the tectonics of the vase); “carpet style” (7th century BC; polychrome images of animals and fantastic creatures combined with floral patterns). In the 6th century. BC e. in Attica, the black-figure style flourishes (figures painted with black varnish on a yellowish or reddish clay background; details of clothing, ornaments, etc., made with white and purple paint), with its musical purity contour lines, the generality of black flat silhouettes, with the subtle emotionality of scenes (mainly mythological); main masters: Clytius, Exekius, Amasis. Around 530 BC e. transition to red-figure vase painting takes place
(black background and clay-colored figures; auxiliary role of ornament; abundance of genre and mythological scenes), which made it possible to draw forms in more detail and outline volumes using internal lines. Red-figured V. of the “strict style (See Strict style)” (last quarter of the 6th century - beginning of the 5th century BC) is distinguished by the clarity and elegance of the design while maintaining a certain rigidity and angularity of forms; major masters: Efronius, Duris, the so-called vase painter Brig (see Brig). From the 2nd quarter of the 5th century. BC e. in V. " free style“The image becomes more voluminous and complex. Precision and laconicism of design, sad lyricism are inherent in the polychrome paintings of white funerary lekythos of the 3rd quarter of the 5th century. BC e. For V. late 5th-4th centuries. BC e. characterized by decorative pomp (“ luxury style" - paintings by Midiya, etc.), overloaded composition, attempts to convey perspective, violation of the unity of the image and the shape of the vessel
In addition to Greece proper, V. flourishes in Southern Italy (Apulian and Campanian vases). The Etruscan Empire was strongly influenced by the Greek Empire (See Etruscans). In the 3rd-2nd centuries. BC e. Greek V. is characterized by fluently drawn simple linear and geometric patterns
What formed the basis of the Iznik ceramic style
Ceramics Iznik filled with images of Byzantine, Seljuk art, Syrian art, Central Asia and Iran, resulting in a bright and juicy floral ornament fine and beautiful products. Seljuks- a dynasty of Western Turks, rich in every sense, which captured large areas in Asia, experienced a flowering of art and left behind a large number of unique ceramic tiles. Art style that period is called rumi.
Rome and Rumi- not a simple consonance. The artistic style of Rumi originated in Rome, where masters painted ceramics using the Byzantine technique, and the Seljuks adopted it and began to call themselves Rumi (that is, Roman Seljuks).
Antique plates with Rumi painting. Photo: people.sabanciuniv.edu
Many Muslim mosques are decorated with Rumi tiles. They lie on the walls like a magical ceramic carpet with an intricate oriental pattern. Very beautiful.
What does a mosque look like decorated with Rumi tiles inside? Please note that the tiles are decorated not only with ornaments, but also with calligraphic writing. Photo: turkishtiles.wordpress.com
In the 20-30s of the twentieth century, artels and workshops were created. In 1929, the “Forward, Ceramics” artel was organized in the village of Turygino. In 1936, the artel was renamed into the "Art Ceramics" artel and later transformed into the Turyginsky Plant "Art Ceramics"
At the end of this post - interesting video showing how to do dot painting with firing
Continued in the next article
Ordinary boring dishes sold in chain stores can easily be turned into designer sets. All you need is some acrylic paints, brushes and, of course, inspiration. Let's try to master painting on ceramics, and our master class will help you quickly master this activity.
Ceramics is one of the most simple materials for painting with paints. Special acrylic paints are usually used to apply patterns, but contours, various three-dimensional adhesives to create three-dimensional images, or special markers can also be used. If the dishes will not be used for their intended purpose, but will simply stand on the shelf, then the design can be applied even with ordinary gouache or even nail polish.
Learn beautiful painting on ceramics in a master class
For “Painting with stains” you will need:- white or light ceramic mug
- nail polish remover or acetone
- cotton pads and swabs (for degreasing the surface and correcting the pattern)
- 2-3 bottles of nail polish (even old and thickened ones can be used)
- any container with warm water (for example, an ordinary plastic container)
- toothpicks
- napkins
1) The surface of the mug must be thoroughly washed and wiped with nail polish remover or acetone.
2) Add nail polish to a container with warm water. The color of our product will depend on its quantity: the more varnish, the richer the pattern will be. If you are using several colors of varnish, add the second one after the first one, then the third one.
3) Use a toothpick to gently stir the resulting mixture.
4) We lower the cup into the container with the mixture - the surface of the product will instantly begin to be covered with drawings with watercolor stains. Please note that the top edge of the mug should remain unpainted.
5)The drawing can be corrected using nail polish remover and cotton swabs. Leave the workpiece to dry for three hours.
6) If desired, the dried drawing can be supplemented with patterns made with contour paints, sparkles, etc. A stylish cup is ready to take its place place of honor on dining table! To prevent damage to the design, such products should only be washed by hand, and also do not put such dishes in a microwave oven.
You can decorate not only mugs yourself, but also other utensils, such as plates. The art of dot technique requires more time and effort than “painting with stains,” but the result is worth it.
To dot painting a plate you will need:- plain ceramic plate
- squared notebook paper or graph paper
- scotch
- scissors
- acrylic paints - it is best to use a special contour, because... it has a denser texture and is convenient to squeeze out of the tube drop by drop
- brushes
After varnishing we will have decorative plate, it will no longer be possible to eat from it. If you want to use it in the kitchen, then you need to choose special acrylic paints for baking; you don’t need varnish for them.
Master class “Dot painting of plates”:1) The plate must be washed thoroughly, then thoroughly dry the surface and degrease it - wipe with acetone or nail polish remover.
2) Now we need to choose the pattern that we will apply to the glass. Beginners can be inspired by examples in world wide web or use the drawings from this master class.
3) We make stencils out of paper and glue them onto a plate with tape. Experienced craftsmen They may not use any templates, but draw straight from their heads, but in order for the pattern to be neat and symmetrical, it is better to play it safe.
4) First you need to practice a little the technique of applying dots on the draft, and you can start painting.
5) We continue to paint the plate acrylic paints, adding new colors and making additional types of stencils if necessary.
6) If you see that some point looks “crooked”, you can immediately correct it with a dry cotton swab. If the paint has already hardened, you will have to use a stick soaked in solvent. For particularly fine points, you can use toothpicks.
7) Our hand-painted plate is ready!
And, of course, one cannot ignore dishes decorated in the traditional style: Khokhloma, Gzhel, Zhostovo... Such images look more like real paintings than ordinary patterns, so it’s better to start with them already having experience in painting on ceramics.
To paint a plate using the Gzhel technique you will need:- white ceramic plate
- simple pencil
- acetone (can be replaced with nail polish remover)
- acrylic blue and white paints
- brushes
1) Thoroughly wash and degrease the surface of the ceramic plate.
2) Using a simple pencil, sketch a drawing - flowers, leaves, fairy-tale birds.
3) After practicing on paper, we begin painting in the Gzhel style, combining dark blue and light blue strokes.
4) Let the paint dry. Ready! The painted plate can be coated with a special glaze to secure the design.
Video on the topic of the article
For greater clarity, we suggest watching the following videos, which demonstrate the process of artistic painting on ceramics in stages.
One-stroke paints are made from pure pigment and water, they do not have glaze content, are non-toxic, safe and are used for painting products that need to be stored in food products. They are best suited for drawing small details. It takes only one stroke to achieve a bright, rich color, hence the name of the paints. The paints are translucent, so they are not suitable for continuous coating; in addition, such paint penetrates into the biscuit, and therefore it should be applied especially carefully.
Underglaze paints are also suitable for work, and they can be applied in two or more layers, depending on the thickness of the layer, the effect can be from transparent to opaque. These paints wash off easily if a mistake is made.
Brushes for painting must be good and quite expensive. The brushes used are fan-shaped, round, with a pointed tip, and flat. So a sable hair liner brush is perfect for drawing contours and details.
For relief painting, you can use paste - a clay-based product, most often black or white. This is an opaque material that is used to create relief patterns and decorations above or below colored glazes, sometimes it is used for contouring, so it can be called a relief outline.
Used as upper layer paintings. There are overglaze glazes - gold, silver and mother-of-pearl. They can be used after the product has undergone glaze firing. They are fired at a lower temperature to complete the finish.
To apply thin colored stripes and painting, you can use a pottery wheel or tournette. The outer border on the product can be done using. Sea sponges are ideal for creating lovely lace patterns. Sometimes you need a tool to scratch patterns using the sgraffito technique. Also, to transfer the design onto the biscuit, you will need carbon or tissue paper.
Isopropanol liquid is used to clean materials and equipment. When working with paints, it can create a mottled pattern. Before applying the pattern to the surface, it must be cleaned of possible contamination. When using tissue paper, the areas to be painted must be moistened with a sponge and allowed to dry. naturally before transferring the pattern. When using carbon paper, the pattern is transferred until it is moistened.
There are several ways to translate a pattern, two will be described below. In the first case, copy paper for clay is used. This paper is used for transferring onto flat or slightly curved surfaces. Before you start, you need to check whether you are working with the required side of the paper, to do this, place the paper on the surface of the biscuit, then make a small surface with a pencil. If there is a blue mark on the surface of the cake, you are good to go. Designs can be printed on the front side of clay transfer paper using a photocopier and transferred simply by tracing the outlines. Alternatively, you can trace the pattern on plain paper by placing it on carbon paper.
Tissue paper is used for curved or angular surfaces. When transferring, the tissue paper should be loose enough so that the applied marker transfers to the biscuit.
First, the drawing is transferred to papyrus paper, then turned over so that the front side becomes the reverse side and applied to the product. Next, the pattern is outlined again with a different contrasting color. After removing the paper, the pattern must be transferred to the biscuit and the product is ready for painting.
Some painting techniques
To obtain the appearance of voluminous petals, pointed thick brushes are used, and the paint is applied to the palette in the form of a drop. Two paints of different colors are placed side by side and also side by side, allowing them to mix a little, and then applied to the brush. After removing excess paint, you can begin painting. In order to get a pointed tip, the brush, after pressing and drawing the required stroke length, is lifted and twisted.
For drawing leaves would be better suited flat brush. It is convenient to paint such shapes from the center to the edge, using a little lighter paint than necessary, so that it is possible to create shades.
If the paints dry too quickly, they can be moistened with water from the spray bottle.