Warmth in the house is one of the most important factors of coziness and comfort. Nowadays, there are many ways to heat a home, and every year this list is updated with new technologies and developments. However, old and proven methods do not fade into the background. Stove heating with a water circuit is one of the old and proven ways to create warmth and comfort in your home. It combines the advantages of two methods at once: stove and water heating, which significantly increases efficiency. In this article you will find the necessary diagrams and manuals for building such a stove yourself.
Heating Features
Conventional stove heating is characterized by uneven distribution of heat - there is always intense heat near the stove itself, and the further away from the stove, the cooler it is. The water circuit makes it possible to evenly distribute the heat generated by the stove throughout the entire area of the house. Thus, with the help of one stove, several rooms of the house are heated at once. Such a stove operates on the principle of a solid fuel boiler, but in addition to heating the coolant and water circuit, the stove also heats the walls and smoke channels, which play a significant role in heating.
The main structural element is a heat exchanger, most often called a coil. It is installed directly into the firebox, and the entire water heating system is connected to it.
Advantages of stove heating
Disadvantages of stove heating with a water circuit
Advice. If heating with a water circuit is installed in a country house where no one lives regularly, especially in winter, then in order to avoid freezing of the water in the circuit, it is better to use an antifreeze liquid.
Principle of operation
The principle of operation of heating with a water circuit is quite simple. The water is directed to a heat exchanger located in the firebox of the furnace, where it is heated by the combustion of fuel. Further hot water is distributed over the radiator batteries, where it gives off its heat and, when cooled, returns back to the coil.
Installation and installation of equipment
Is it possible to do stove heating with a water circuit with your own hands? Perhaps if you already have experience in arranging stoves or laying bricks. First of all, you need to prepare the most important element designs - heat exchanger. It can be bought in specialized stores, and can also be made from pipes or sheet iron. Self-construction of a stove gives you the opportunity to show your imagination and build your own version of the stove, which will take into account all the needs and features of your home.
Attention. Stove heating is potentially dangerous, so design and installation must be entrusted to specialists if you do not have sufficient skills.
Creating such a heating system is possible in two ways:
- installation of a heat exchanger and subsequent laying of the furnace;
- installation of a coil in an operating furnace.
The second method is considered more labor-intensive, since to implement it it is necessary to disassemble the firebox, and installing a coil in it will significantly reduce its size.
Installation requirements
The thickness of the water layer in the heat exchanger should exceed 4 cm, since with a smaller thickness the water will boil.
The walls of the coil must be at least 5 mm, and if coal is used, even thicker. Failure to comply with the thickness can lead to burning of the walls.
Under no circumstances should the heat exchanger be mounted close to the firebox wall. Leave at least 2 cm. This space is necessary for thermal expansion of the coil.
Particular attention must be paid to the fire safety of the system. Between the oven and wooden partitions there must certainly remain air gaps, since it is overheating wooden structures is the first cause of fires. It is best to line it with brick or other fire-resistant materials.
Furnace heat exchangers
The diagram shows one of the coil options. This type of exchanger is good to place in heating and cooking stoves, because its structure easily allows you to place a stove on top.
In order to reduce the labor intensity of the manufacturing process, you can make a few changes to this design and replace the upper and lower U-shaped pipes with profile pipe. Besides, vertical pipes are also replaced by rectangular profiles if necessary.
If a coil of a similar design is installed in ovens where there will be no hob, then to increase the efficiency of the exchanger it is advisable to add several horizontal pipes. Treatment and removal of water can be done from different sides, it depends on the design of the furnace and the design of the water circuit.
Sheet steel coils
The steel thickness for this type of exchanger must be at least 5 mm. The design also uses a 60 x 40 mm profile and 50 mm pipes, which serve for water inlet and outlet. The size of the exchanger depends directly on the length of the firebox of your stove.
If a steel exchanger is planned to be built into a heating and cooking stove, then it would be more expedient to build the structure in such a way that the hot gas flows around the top shelf of the exchanger and exits into the smoke circuit located in the front part of the coil. In this case, you can install a hob above the coil.
In addition, there is an option to make a heat exchanger from sheet steel in the form of a book, connecting the walls of the exchanger with pipes or a profile. In this case, the register does not have top shelf, and for better circulation you can add connecting pipes at the top of the register. Deposits and withdrawals can be made both on the back of the exchanger and on the side wall.
In this case hob can be placed directly above the surface of the register.
How to install a water circuit
Installation occurs in the same way as installation with any other heating system. The only point that needs to be taken into account is that the “return” for stove heating is located higher.
There are three types of coolant circulation:
Furnace installation
The installation of the stove is usually entrusted to a specialist, because without experience it is unlikely that it will be possible to put together a competent structure on your own.
The size of the stove depends on the area of the house - than bigger house, the larger the oven should be. If the weight of the stove exceeds 750 kg, then a special foundation must be prepared in the place where it will be laid. The pedestal of the stove must be separated from the main foundation by a gap filled with sand. It is also important to properly insulate the floor in this part.
Stove heating with a water circuit is one of the most practical and cheap solutions for heating a private home. For all its efficiency, installation of such a system does not require large material costs, in addition, this type of heating can add zest to the design of your home.
Construction of a brick kiln with a water circuit: video
Oven with a water circuit: photo
A brick oven is a traditional heating unit, superior in basic characteristics to any boilers and other types of heating equipment. A properly equipped brick oven is characterized by the highest levels of practicality, reliability and performance. At the same time, the brick oven is absolutely unpretentious in maintenance.
There are several types of stoves. Regardless of the characteristics of the selected unit, its construction will be carried out approximately according to the same scheme. At the same time, you can cope with the construction of a brick oven on your own.
The most popular modifications of brick kilns are:
Furnaces can also vary in shape. For example, in private homes, stoves most often built are round, rectangular, and square in shape. The available variety of shapes and designs allows the owner to choose the most optimal design option for a room of any size, configuration and with any interior.
Regardless of the chosen modification, size, shape of the stove and the fuel used, the structure must be erected and equipped in compliance with the requirements fire safety. The finished stove will have quite an impressive weight, which imposes a number of requirements on the choice of location for the construction of the stove and the arrangement of the base for its placement.
Place for the furnace
Select optimal place placement of the heating furnace. For example, a stove installed in the center of the room will distribute heat as efficiently and evenly as possible. However, such placement of the stove is not always convenient.
In case of placement furnace design near the wall (this option is the most popular and frequently used), cold will flow across the floor of the house.
Select in advance the location of the combustion chamber door. Design the stove so that in the future you do not have to carry fuel throughout the room, spreading dirt around the room.
The best option is to install a firebox in a room that is rarely visited.
Calculate the design of the foundation in such a way that it is able to withstand the load not only of the furnace itself, but also of the smoke exhaust structure, which is also strongly recommended to be built of brick.
Basic design elements of a heating furnace
All existing heating stoves have approximately the same and fairly simple design. However, despite their simplicity, stove units are capable of fully solving the problems associated with heating residential premises.
The main components of a heating stove are the fuel compartment and the smoke exhaust structure. If a heating and cooking stove is being considered, the design must include a stove or oven. At the owner's request, his stove can be supplemented with a tank for heating hot water.
The most important part of any heating stove. Calculate the volume of the firebox in accordance with the area of the heated space, the characteristics of the fuel used, etc. To make a stove firebox, use high-quality fire-resistant bricks. The walls of the firebox should be half a brick thick.
Ash pan
This compartment is designed to collect waste from the furnace. Oxygen is also supplied to the combustible fuel through the ash chamber.
The ash pan is located below the grate and is equipped with an individual door.
The height of the firebox is usually 3 bricks.
Chimney
A very important component of any oven. Gases are removed through the chimney. At the same time, the design provides additional heating of the room.
If possible, the chimney should be designed so that it is as straight as possible. Any bends will negatively affect the efficiency of the heating stove.
Mortar for laying out a heating furnace
In order for the operation of your heating stove to be as efficient, reliable and safe as possible, and for the structure itself to last as long as possible, you must properly prepare the masonry mortar.
The laying of heating stoves is carried out using a viscous solution prepared on the basis of clay and sifted sand.
To obtain such a solution you need to pour clay normal humidity water and soak it thoroughly. Pass the mixture through a sieve and stir until smooth. Then add sand to the mixture in the amount necessary to obtain a solution with the required plasticity and viscosity.
Pay due attention to preparing the mortar for masonry. The quality of the finished furnace unit, its main characteristics and service life depend on the correctness of its preparation.
Guide to DIY heating stove installation
Start laying 1-1.5 months after laying its foundation. It is during this period that the concrete will gain the required strength, and the finished furnace unit will serve as long as possible, reliably and efficiently without deteriorating its main characteristics.
The process of laying the Radonezh stove
First step. Cut a hole in the wall for the stove. Drive reinforcing dowels into the ends of the beam (if the wall is made of this material).
Second step. Pour the foundation.
Start laying 1-1.5 months after laying the foundation. It is during this period that the concrete will gain the required strength.
Third step. Cover the dried foundation with waterproofing material.
Fourth step. Lay out the first row of the oven. Check the evenness of the masonry using a level. Make seams no wider than 3 mm.
Continue laying the stove in accordance with the order.
The grate and ash pit are installed in the combustion chamber. The width of the furnace vent must be sufficient to allow the required amount of air to flow to the loaded fuel during operation of the heating unit.
Lay out the furnace combustion chamber and sew the channels. Trim off excess mortar.
When laying the 26th row, make a 20 mm overlap on each side.
Complete the laying of the main part of the stove in order and begin laying out the chimney.
Continue installing the chimney in accordance with the previously prepared project.
Dry the finished oven. To save time, install a fan in the combustion chamber.
After the masonry has dried, make several test runs. Don't make the first fires too intense.
If everything is done in accordance with the instructions, order and basic requirements, after an average of 30-40 minutes, the side of the stove facing the room will heat up. After about 1.5 hours, the unit will warm up evenly and begin to fully heat the room.
Building a heating stove with your own hands is a rather complex and lengthy process, but if you wish, you can cope with such an event. You just need to follow proven technology, use only high-quality Construction Materials and adhere to the chosen masonry scheme in everything.
As a result, the heating unit will serve as long as possible, reliably and efficiently, and you will additionally save on arranging the heating system for your home by refusing the services of third-party stove makers and doing everything yourself.
Good luck!
Video - Do-it-yourself heating stoves
The time has long passed when stove heating existed in almost every home. It was replaced today central heating, gas boilers, electric heaters and even solar panels. However this the oldest way heating a home has not been completely forgotten and is still popular in some parts of the country.
How does the stove work
There are many types of stoves used to heat a house: Russian, Dutch, fireplaces, etc. Let's consider the principle of operation on such an ancient structure as a Russian stove. It never went out of fashion, remaining the object of attention of specialists. To build it, complex equipment and expensive materials are not required. It is economical at low cost fuel material The room warms up quickly, but does not cool down quickly.
Before masonry begins, a guardrail is made - brick, wood, stone or concrete foundation. Above it there is a stove where firewood for kindling is stored and dried. The oven is closed by a trough-shaped vault on which bedding is laid: brick chips, sand. The bedding is placed on top under the cooking chamber. This is an integral part of the firebox.
After a short heating, a Russian stove cools down for almost a day; in addition, you can cook in it. This is ensured by a bending with a top-overpipe, which ends with a nozzle. There are recesses on the side of the hood for storing smoldering coals and collecting ash. The combustion chamber plays the role of a gas-air economizer where heat exchange occurs.
The firebox, which is the heart of any oven, is divided into a crucible and a baking chamber. Under the furnace is made inclined. The heated air takes part in cooking, then rises to the roof of the furnace. Almost any fuel burns in the furnace, and no soot is deposited. a large number of. A Russian stove may not be cleaned for decades. Main secret- a complex labyrinth of a smoke channel.
Which stoves are suitable for heating a home?
Home heating equipment requires a careful approach. There are several options depending on the material. The stove for heating a house can be metal or brick. Metal structure beneficial in financially. But it is better to install it if the owners do not live in the house during the cold season, since the steel stove cools down as quickly as it heats up. This option is good when you only need to warm up one room. It takes a little wood.
A brick structure is more effective for uniform, long-term heating of several rooms at once. Construction requires skills, so it is better to contact a specialist. This is especially true for the Russian stove, which only a master stove maker can build. It is appropriate to install a brick building in a house where people live permanently. It takes a long time to warm up, but it also cools down slowly.
Brick ovens are divided into cooking and heating ovens, fireplace type and Russians. They install a fireplace if they want to make the interior of the house special and create a cozy atmosphere. Cooking and heating buildings perform two functions: heating the room and cooking food. The Russian oven can be used both for cooking and heating, and for drying mushrooms and berries. In addition, you can lie on the floors.
Advantages and disadvantages of heating with a stove
The main advantage of this heating is its complete autonomy. Not needed for heating additional accessories or sources in the form of electricity, pump, etc. Availability of materials and possibility self-masonry also has great importance. For construction complex design you need a stove maker, but if you carefully study some of the subtleties, then even a beginner can handle the construction of a simple stove.
Such a house can be left for any period of time without fear of the system defrosting - nothing will deteriorate or freeze. If everything is put together correctly, then in cold weather it will not be difficult to light the stove through the summer chimney. A stove is a battery whose walls remain heated throughout the day, which is facilitated by good thermal insulation of the room.
There are also disadvantages of such heating, including the inability to heat a large number of rooms. The problem can be solved by installing a circulation system. Although in this case the very principle of heating with a stove in its pure form is lost.
The large size of the structure is another undesirable aspect. This disadvantage is partially compensated by its versatility. In addition to heating the room, it is possible to cook food and dry clothes.
How to make stove heating in a private house
When installing a stove for heating a private home, the priority is to balance the heat output of the stove and the heat loss of the room. If all requirements are met, temperature regime the house will be optimally maintained throughout the day. The necessary parameters can be provided by a stove burning wood or other fuel with the installation of a water circuit that is connected to the radiator system. There is also an air heating method.
Water stove heating
In this case, the stove operates on the principle of heating the room with a solid fuel boiler. The only difference is that the walls of the boiler do not participate in the heating process. When burning, the stove heats water in the radiators while the fuel burns. After cooling, its surface heats the room for some time. Water heating from the stove it is rational to carry out in the private sector where there are no gas pipes.
It is possible to make water heating in a house or country house. The stove design must contain a register (heat exchanger) installed in the firebox. Water heating is connected to the heat exchanger. The design of the register can be any, the main thing is that the circulation in it is uniform, which ensures the maximum temperature of the coolant. The heating circuit contains important nuances, therefore design and installation must be carried out by a specialist.
Air stove heating
Air heating is also made on the basis of a brick oven, the principle of which is to supply air heated to the required temperature in a boiler or heat exchanger. The air goes through ducts or enters directly into the room. Thanks to the shortened path, the air flow does not have time to cool down, and the house warms up evenly.
The greatest amount of hot air transfer occurs when the chamber is installed above the firebox. Circulation is provided by fans or naturally due to the different densities of hot and cold air. Forced ventilation allows you to control the process by adjusting the microclimate in various rooms Houses.
Steam stove heating
Steam is also used as a coolant. Many people confuse steam heating with water heating, but they are significantly different from each other. Using steam increases heat transfer, and the room warms up much faster. The pipes are not filled with water, and the heating starts easily even after a long break. In addition, a steam heating system is cheaper than a water heating system, which requires larger diameter pipes.
From negative aspects- short period of work. Steam system poorly regulated, rooms are heated unevenly. There is another undesirable moment when, when filling pipes and radiators with steam, an unpleasant noise is created. In addition, with steam heating, the heating of the pipes is so strong that when touching them there is high risk getting burns. That's why this method more recommended for garages, warehouses or other utility rooms.
How to increase stove efficiency
To increase efficiency wood stove The heating system should be improved by connecting a liquid circuit. The circuit is similar to that used when connecting the boiler. The only difference is that heat production when using a solid fuel boiler for a liquid system is primary. For a stove, the primary factor is heating the house using air exchange.
To retain heat for a longer period of time when burning wood, a liquid accumulator is inserted into the system. During fuel combustion, it helps to accumulate heat, which is then gradually supplied to the heating system thanks to the mixing unit. To maintain heat throughout the day, you will need several stacks of firewood. You can make one bookmark in the morning. The house will be maintained until the evening comfortable temperature. Then you can bookmark again.
Even more effective is a combined heating system, which includes pipes, radiators, a heat generator (furnace), a heat accumulator, an air temperature sensor, and a mixing unit, which is controlled by an air temperature sensor or a water temperature sensor in the heating system. This installation is complicated and must be done by professionals, since all components of the system are tied to the wood stove.
Combined efficiency heating system high. One stack of firewood made in the morning is enough for the whole day. For longer breaks between fireboxes in the cold season, it is necessary to install a more capacious heat accumulator, ensuring a stable temperature in the house for the entire time the owners are away. It is also important not to forget about the fire safety of the entire heating system.
There are many ways to heat a private home using gas and electricity. But despite the abundance modern methods, stove heating is still relevant when arranging country houses and dachas.
Agree, nothing emphasizes the flavor of a Russian hut more than a wood-burning stove. Besides, solid fuel heating It is considered one of the economical options.
The organization of a heating system begins with the selection of furnace equipment and determination of the type of heating circuit. We suggest you understand the structure and operating principles of water and air heating based on a furnace. For a better understanding of the issue, we have supplemented the material with diagrams and visual photographs.
The reason for the stable preference that owners of private houses give to the stove heating option is the availability of firewood, fuel briquettes or coal.
The disadvantage is the limited space to be processed, which can be eliminated by installing a water and air system based on a brick aggregate.
The specifics of heating low-rise buildings with a stove are presented in the photo selection:
Image gallery
Planning to get your own country cottage, almost every future developer is forced to think about how to heat it in winter. If there is gas in the village, for obvious reasons there is usually no dilemma. But when blue fuel has to look for an alternative, then the choice is quite difficult for a city dweller. Due to “voltage surges” and power limitations electrical systems in rural areas are too unreliable. Diesel boilers and liquefied gas units seem to be autonomous, but the price of such heating is too high, and the equipment is not cheap. And affordable stove heating in a private home in all respects seems to some to be something conservative and low-tech.
Meanwhile, heating with a stove in many cases is the most the best option to heat a country home, both during the constant stay of people and during periodic visits. Furnaces operating on solid fuel, have long proven their practicality and effectiveness, but citizens who have not encountered them before are captivated by common myths and have a poor understanding of their advantages and disadvantages. It’s worth figuring out what a good old stove can do, let’s try to debunk these myths.
Vacation home with stove heating - it's beautiful and functional
Operating principle of heating stoves
Heating by stove is local. Fuel (usually wood or coal) is burned in a fuel chamber with air supply. Flue gases, under the influence of natural draft, move through long channels to the vertical exhaust passages and are removed outside. During this time, they heat the brick mass of the furnace, and the hot stone, in turn, releases heat into the room.
Myth No. 1. The stove must be heated continuously, and firewood must be constantly added.
This mode of operation is inherent in various potbelly stoves - they heat up quickly and cool down quickly. However, brick ovens are designed for 1-2 fires during the day, and each time all (or almost all) of the fuel is loaded into the chamber. Of course, you will need to set the valves in the right position in time and periodically remove ash from the ash pit. The greater the heat capacity of the stove, the better the house is insulated, the less often it needs to be heated, once a day - this is a fairly common option.
Advantages and disadvantages of a country house with stove heating
Of course, there are both positive and negative aspects that become more or less relevant in certain conditions. It is worth considering the feasibility of stove heating as a whole, weighing all the pros and cons.
The advantages of heating with a stove
- The cost of constructing a furnace (as well as its maintenance) is several times less than that of competing systems of similar power.
- Full autonomy. There is no connection to electricity, water, or gas pipeline. For example, firewood is publicly available and the price is reasonable almost everywhere.
- There is no coolant liquid - there is no danger of defrosting the pipes. Therefore, such heating is excellent for a summer house that is visited from time to time.
- There are combined design options with the function of cooking or heating water. And also with a dryer, oven, fireplace, etc.
- Find finished projects houses with stove heating are not a problem today.
Disadvantages of furnace systems
- Stone oven - large device, steam square meters It will take up space in the center of the house (although there are also quite compact models measuring about 1 m 2 on the floor).
- It takes time to initially warm up the furnace mass (then it does not cool down completely between fires).
- Relatively low efficiency in terms of heat transfer (increased by lengthening the strokes, using caps and " free movement gases").
- There is no way to automate processes.
- It is advisable to build a heavy stone stove at the stage of building a house. The layout of a house with stove heating is the prerogative of specialists.
- Firewood must be properly prepared, and in advance (for example, dry freshly cut wood for at least a season, store it under a canopy).
It is better to place the stove in the center of the house
Myth No. 2. The temperature inside a stove-heated house is very unpredictable
Some unevenness sometimes occurs, this is explained by the fact that the strongest heat transfer occurs at the end of the firebox, and by the time of the next session the channels have already cooled down. This problem does not exist if the stove is massive enough for a particular building, and its channels are folded, for example, not into a quarter of a brick, but into half. No less important is the heat capacity, as well as the insulating characteristics of the cottage’s enclosing structures. Increasing the number of fireboxes also helps make the temperature more uniform. Let's say that instead of just a long morning melting, two shorter ones are used (morning and evening).
What is unique about the design of stone stoves?
In this case, the device includes not only a heat-generating unit, but also heat-conducting channels and heat-transferring surfaces. Each oven consists of the following elements:
- fireboxes and blowers;
- chimneys (channels);
- outlet pipe;
- mirrors, heating panels (surfaces that give off heat);
- grate bars, doors, valves;
- independent foundation.
There are hundreds of design options for stone stoves; each device will differ in configuration, size, functionality, and thermal efficiency. Many models received proper names, but according to their purpose and special abilities they are classified as enlarged groups.
By type of calorific value:
- Furnaces long burning. There may be air ducts, relatively thin walls - they quickly warm up the room, but quickly cool down, which means they need to be heated more often and for longer. Well suited for the dacha, where they are rarely visited.
- Fast burning stoves that give off heat for a long time. The combustion session is shorter, there may be fewer fireboxes themselves, since the walls of the channels are more massive, and in general the masonry is more voluminous and heavier (they accumulate more heat).
Metal water heat exchanger
You can also distinguish types of stone stoves by purpose and additional components:
- heating;
- heating and cooking;
- with built-in fireplace;
- with oven, barbecue, grill;
- with water tank;
- with water or air heat exchanger.
Myth No. 3. Stove heating two-story house impossible to do. You need two separate stoves.
This is, of course, not true. There are at least two normal solutions. Firstly, there are models of two-story stoves that have one firebox, but elongated heating surfaces passing through the ceiling. By the way, these devices are quite compact in terms of footprint. The second option is to use a coolant, for example, in a water circuit or air duct system. The situation is approximately the same with the heating of small apartment buildings.
How to choose the power of stove heating in a private house
The main thing you need to do is choose a stove correct size, more precisely, we will be interested in the area of heated surfaces. Here it is necessary to take into account the total heat loss of the building. It is believed that the stove should replenish them with an error of 10-15 percent when fired twice. To determine the required thermal productivity there is simple formula(the task is to heat the room to +18, with outside temperature at -30). To do this, the cubic capacity of the house is multiplied by a factor of 21 and the value is obtained in kcal/hour. For reference: one square meter of the mirror of stone stoves produces on average about 300 kcal/hour, the stove of heating and cooking models emits approximately 600-900 kcal/hour, the heating shield – up to 1200.
Myth No. 4. Stove heating is low-power.
In fact, there are stoves for houses of 100-120 square meters and are actively used. And models of 5-7 kilowatts (50-70 m2) are generally considered classics.
Such a stove will give off heat for a long time
Applicable and more simple technique calculation - for every 10 square meters of cottage area there should be about 1 kW of furnace power. For reference: this is about 860 kcal/hour. Naturally, these values are approximate; the configuration and specific characteristics should be calculated individually.
As a conclusion, one more myth – No. 5. Brick kilns very difficult to build.
A professional stove maker is a person belonging to a special caste. However, practice shows that many home craftsmen can master the technology and make stove heating themselves. Although, it should be understood that there are also difficult designs that amateurs should not attempt. In any case, the plan for a house with stove heating must be approved by specialists.
Video: stove heating