Don't worry if you've never used the command line before. It's pretty simple. We will tell you everything you need to start using it. Below you will find some of the most important commands for setting up your home network.
1. PING
PING is one of the basic and most useful CMD commands. It displays the quality of the connection, showing whether your computer can send data to the target IP address, and if so, at what speed.
Here is an example of using the command:
The command operates on the following principle: it sends a certain number of data packets and determines how many of them came back. If some of them have not returned, she reports the loss. Packet loss leads to poor performance in games and Internet broadcasts. This is a great way to test your internet connection.
By default, the command sends four packets with a timeout of four seconds for each. You can increase the number of packets like this: ping www.google.com -n 10
You can also increase the timeout duration (the value is displayed in milliseconds): ping www.google.com -w 6000
2. TRACERT
TRACERT stands for Trace Route. Like PING, the command sends a data packet to resolve network problems. However, it does not determine the speed of sending and returning a packet, but its route.
Usage example:
The command displays a list of all routers through which data passes on the way to the destination node. Why do we see three durations for each router? Because TRACERT sends three data packets in case one of the routers gets lost or takes too long for some reason.
3.PATHPING
The PATHPING command is similar to TRACERT, but it is more informative and therefore takes more time to execute. It analyzes the route of data packets and determines at which intermediate nodes the loss occurred.
Usage example:
4.IPCONFIG
This command is most commonly used to debug networks in Windows. And it's not just the amount of information it provides, but also the fact that it is combined with several keys to execute specific commands.
Usage example:
When entered without keys, IPCONFIG reflects all the network adapters on your computer and how they work. IPv4 Addresses and Default Gateway contain the most important information.
To flush the DNS cache, use the following key: ipconfig /flushdns
This operation may help if the Internet is working, but you cannot access some sites or servers.
5.GETMAC
Each IEEE 802 compliant device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The manufacturer assigns each piece of equipment its own address, which is written in the device itself.
Usage example:
You may see multiple MAC addresses depending on how many network adapters are installed on your computer. For example, Wi-Fi and Ethernet internet connections will have separate MAC addresses.
6. NSLOOKUP
NSLOOKUP stands for Name Server Lookup. The potential of this utility is huge, but most people don't need it. For ordinary users, all that is important is the ability to determine the IP address of a domain name.
Usage example:
Keep in mind that some domains are not tied to a single IP address, which means you will receive a different address each time you enter the command. This is quite normal for large sites because they are loaded from a huge number of computers.
If you want to convert an IP address to a domain name, simply enter it into your browser and you will see where it leads. However, not all IP addresses lead to domain names. Many of them cannot be reached through a web browser.
7. NETSTAT
This utility is a tool for collecting statistics, analysis and diagnostics. It is quite complex if you use its full potential (for example, setting up a local enterprise network).
Usage example:
By default, the command shows all active connections on your system. An active connection does not mean that data is being exchanged. It only indicates that a port is open somewhere and the device is ready to connect.
The command also has several switches that change the type of information displayed. For example, the key -r will display routing tables.
8.NETSH
NETSH stands for Network Shell. This command allows you to configure almost any network adapter on your computer in more detail.
When you enter NETSH, the command prompt enters shell mode. There are several contexts inside it (routing, DHCP-related commands, diagnostics).
You can see all contexts as follows:
And you can see all the commands within one context like this:
You can dig deeper and see a list of all subcommands within a single command:
For example, you can enter the following command to see all the network drivers and their characteristics on your system: netsh wlan show drivers
Keep in mind that if you really want to get serious about configuring your network through the command line, you'll have to master this command.
The most common startup recommendations are: Start, run, cmd. There is a Run option in the start menu. It runs a program that allows you to send single commands Windows system. In this case, the cmd command launches the cmd.exe executable file located in the system32 folder.
C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exeOn some versions of Windows, the Run menu item is removed by default. In this case, press + R, enter cmd, then Enter. You can also launch the command line directly from the system32 folder by making a shortcut to launch it on the desktop (right-click on cmd.exe and select Send/Desktop from the menu) or through the task manager (new task button - cmd).
By default, you cannot use the mouse in the command line (move the cursor or select text). This is inconvenient in general and for beginners in particular. In addition, the black screen looks somehow too gloomy and dull. So after running the command line
you will need to change its settings. Right-click on the cmd window and select defaults. It’s worth noting right away that the default settings apply to cmd.exe as a whole, and the properties apply to a specific open window.
In the command line properties window that appears, we see four tabs:
On the Options tab, it is worth checking the items to discard repetitions (to reduce the filling of the command buffer) and mouse selection (so that you can use the mouse in your work).
On the Fonts and Colors tabs, everything is simple: select the size, type and color of the font, as well as the background color of the window. I will only note that the font size affects the size of the command line window, so it should be set before the window size, and not after.
In the Arrangement tab, you set the size of the window and its initial location at startup. I still don’t fully understand in what units the quantities are presented, so I advise you to set the size, guided by the preview window on the left.
It is worth noting that the buffer size affects the window capacity, i.e. on the amount of information that can be viewed without problems after the command execution results are displayed on the screen (horizontal and vertical scroll bars). If you set equal sizes for the window and the buffer, then the window will display only the tail of the output information that will fit there.
Also, if the line does not fit into the width of the window, this will lead to its wrapping. It is less convenient to perceive information presented in this way. That's why I always set the buffer much higher more sizes window. This allows you to view large volumes information using the scroll bars on the right and bottom. The image below is clickable. The preview shows the beginning of the output of the dir command for the system32 folder, and by clicking on the preview you can see the tail of the output (pay attention to the scroll bar on the right - there is a lot of data).
Command Line Commands
The console is configured, now it remains to familiarize you with the command line commands. To display a complete list of them, just type the help command.
help - displays help for the commands help CD or CD /? - display help for one command (for the CD command) cd - go to the root directory cd .. - go to the parent directory D: - go to drive D. dir - output all contents of the folder dir *.exe - output a list of exe files in the folder cls - clear the command line screenCommand Prompt remembers the commands you enter. You can scroll through them using the ⇑ and ⇓ keys. You can view the contents of a folder using the Tab key (Shift + Tab scrolls through reverse order). You can scroll through files to a specific letter or letters. For example, by typing the letter s and pressing Tab, you can scroll through only files and folders starting with this letter ( s system, s ystem32, s ystem.ini, etc.) . How this can be used:
For example, you need to go from the root of drive C to the system32 folder, find and launch the control panel in it. You can simply type:
C:\ windows\system32\control.exeBut this is not always fast and convenient, and besides, you don’t always know what exactly you need to type. Therefore, you can type the command CD, then after the space type wi Windows, put a slash after it, type the letters sy, scroll with the Tab key to the folder sy stem32, then slash again and the same with control.exe.
C: cd wi ndows\ sy stem32\ co ntrol.exe
This tab method is much faster in most cases than simple typing, since file and folder names can be long.
When you enable mouse support, you can copy information from the command line by selecting a section of text with the mouse and pressing Enter. The right mouse button, on the other hand, pastes information from the clipboard into the command line.
To conclude this article, I will say that cmd.exe is just an input/output program, the same as notepad. Of course, there are more advanced analogues that can also be used. One such program is Console Portable
By the way, in operating system The GNU Linux command line can be called directly from the folder. In this case, a line will open immediately with the folder address and you will not need to enter it manually. In Windows, in order to open the command line directly in a folder, you need to hold down Shift, press the right mouse button and select "Open command window" from the menu.
You can also add this feature (and whole line others) using the context menu extension program FileMenu Tools:
Read how to use the command line to check the integrity of system files, find an IP address by domain name, create a Windows shutdown shortcut, troubleshoot network connection problems, and much more. There are some functions in Windows that you can only run from the Command Prompt. Several of them do not have a GUI, while others that run this way simply run faster.
It doesn't matter whether you use PowerShell as a command line add-in or not, all the commands we'll cover in this article work the same everywhere. Obviously, we will not be able to cover all teams and talk about each one. Instead, we'll focus on the ones we think will be most useful. Even if you don't like working with the command line.
Content:
How to Run Command Prompt in Windows as Administrator
On Windows 10:
- Click the button "Start" or select "Search"– start typing the word "cmd" on English language or "Command line" in Russian.
- The search result will appear at the top, click on "Command line" right-click and click on the item.
On Windows 8 and 8.1:
- Go to the Home screen by pressing the button "Windows" on the keyboard or button "Start".
- At the top right click on "Search" and start typing the word "cmd" or "Command line". The search result will appear below.
- Click on the application "Command line" right click and select "Run as administrator".
On Windows 7:
- Click on the button "Start", go to the tab "My programs"– then go to "Standard".
- Find the shortcut "Command line" and right-click on it, select the item "Run as Administrator".
Now let's move on to the commands.
ipconfig: Quick work with network connections
You will be able to find your IP address and all your network settings from the Control Panel, but it will require a few clicks. "ipconfig" is a Windows command line utility for managing computer network interfaces. That is, the most quick way find out information such as: IP addresses, default gateway address, information about network connections that your computer uses, etc.
To use this utility, simply enter "ipconfig" on the command line and press "Enter". As a result, you will see a list of all the network connections that your computer is using. Look below the inscriptions "wireless adapter local network» if you are connected to Wi-Fi, or "Ethernet Adapter" if you are connected to a wired network. For more information about "ipconfig" type the command "ipconfig /all", the result will be a list of all keys, and, accordingly, the capabilities of the utility.
ipconfig /flushdns: Flush-flush DNS cache
If you changed the DNS server in the network settings, this action will not take effect immediately. Windows uses a cache that stores DNS responses received, this saves time when accessing the same network resources again in the future. To have Windows obtain addresses from new DNS servers, enter the command "ipconfig /flushdns" after changing your DNS server.
When you constantly surf the Internet, your computer automatically caches IP addresses and other necessary data from the domain name service. Flushing the DNS cache helps refresh this data. Stale cached data can, over time, cause connection problems.
ping and tracert: Troubleshooting network connection problems
If you have problems connecting to a local network, the Internet, or any website, then Windows has standard tools that you can use to solve them.
"ping" is a utility for checking the integrity of networks and the quality of connections in them based on the TCP/IP protocol. The utility sends so-called ICMP requests to a specified IP address or host on the network, and monitors the responses received from them. The time between sending such a request and receiving a response to it allows us to determine the delay of packets along the route, as well as the number and frequency of their loss. That is "Ping" allows you to determine how heavily loaded the data transmission channel is.
Enter "ping site"(or any other server on the Internet you want to test) and Windows will send packets to that address. You can enter the server name, or the actual IP address of the resource. The server at that IP address will respond and report that it has received them. You will be able to see if there was any packet loss along the route and how long it took to receive a response.
Also, team "ping" has many keys and information display capabilities, such as: checking connection with the specified IP address before manual termination, decoding host names by IP addresses, number and size of packets, recording route, changing time, etc.
"tracert" is a utility utility designed to track data routes on TCP/IP networks. When entering the command "tracert", the complete delivery route of the package is displayed, with information about each server through which it was routed. For example, if you enter "tracert site", then get information about each node along the path to our server with which the package interacts. If you are having problems connecting to a website, the utility "tracert" will determine at what stage the error occurred.
shutdown: Create Windows shutdown shortcuts
Team "shutdown" Allows you to shut down or restart Windows from the command line. Basically, this is more useful for Windows 8, where the standard button "Shutdown" was harder to find. This command can be used to create your own shortcuts: "Shutdown", , "Sleep mode" etc. And place them where it is convenient for you: in the menu "Start", on the desktop, on the taskbar..!
In Windows 8 and 10, you can use a dedicated computer restart button for specific OS boot options. .
To use the command on the command line, simply enter one of the following values (all command parameters are entered using a backslash):
- "shutdown /s /t 45" - analogue "Shutdown" with a delay of 45 seconds.
- "shutdown /r /t 0" – analogue.
- "shutdown/l" - analogue “Logout/Change user”.
- "shutdown /r/o" – reboots the computer into Recovery environment.
sfc /scannow: Check the integrity of Windows system files
"sfc" is a standard utility for checking the integrity of Windows system files. It allows the user to find and restore missing system files. If, for some reason, the files are missing or damaged, the utility will scan them all and replace the erroneous versions of the files with the original versions. System File Checker also checks the cache directory and updates its contents if necessary.
To scan, you must run the command line as an administrator, enter the command "sfc /scannow" and let the program do its job. .
telnet: Connect to Telnet servers
Protocol client "telnet" It is not installed by default in Windows OS. But this is one of its additional features that you can install through the control panel. After installation you will be able to use the command "telnet" to connect to servers without installing additional software, directly from the command line.
Just go "Start" – "Control Panel" – "Programs and Features"– next click "Turn Windows features on or off"- find and check the box "Telnet Client".
cipher: permanently deleting and overwriting a directory
Team "cipher" provides efficient encryption and decryption functions for files and directories in Windows OS. It also has an option that will overwrite free disk space with garbage data. This will not allow you to recover deleted files and folders using specialized software. In Windows OS files deleted in the usual way, remain on the disk unless you use a Trim-enabled SSD. Team "cipher" allows you to effectively "erase" All free space on disk without installing additional software.
For example: To clear disk space on drive F:, enter the command "cipher /w:F:\". Note that there is no space between the command switch (/w:) and the drive letter (F:\).
netstat -an: List network connections and ports
"netstat" is a standard Windows command line utility that displays the status of incoming and outgoing TCP connections. The main purpose of the utility is to search for problems in the network and determine its performance. The command has many keys and options, but the most interesting is "netstat –an". This line will display a list of all open network connections, along with the ports they are using and the external IP address they are connected to.
nslookup: Find IP address by domain name
When you enter the name of a website into the address bar of your browser, your computer finds the IP address associated with that domain name and displays the result. You can use the command "nslookup" to independently find out the IP addresses and names of the servers on which the domain is located.
Greetings, dear friends, acquaintances and other personalities. Today we will talk about this useful thing, like console commands, as well as about working with the command line in general.
The command line is a text-based interface in which commands are issued by entering text strings from the keyboard. Another name for the command line, as you have already understood for a long time, is the console.
To many users, the command line seems like an anachronism from the days of working with DOS, however sometimes she is completely necessary tool, not only for professionals, but also for the average user.
Basic console commands. What's what and why. Introductory
Actually, this thing is one of the key elements for system management, despite the fact that the OS has long switched to a graphical interface. Not knowing about the console and not being able to master at least its basic fundamentals is bad, and even if IT-a student who has no knowledge about basic things at all...
To launch Command Prompt, press the keyboard shortcut Win+R and in the window that appears “ Execute» enter cmd. The command line utility itself is usually located in the folder C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe.
This is what the command line looks like by default Windows. As you can see, everything is quite ascetic. If you want a nicer look, right-click on the window title and select " Properties", tab " Colors", where you can choose the font and background color.
In the window that opens, at the top you see the traditional small-soft copyright sign, and just below there is a line with the current catalog and a blinking cursor inviting you to start working.
The command line has hotkeys that can help you with your work:
- F1– each time you press a key, enters the last command letter by letter;
- F3– displays the last command;
- F5– each press displays the previous command;
- F7– displays a numbered list of commands (the last 50 commands are saved by default).
Now let's look at some commands in more detail.
dir command
Displays the contents of the current directory. If you need to view the contents of another directory, you will have to specify the path to the console, for example: dir (space) C:\, and press Enter.
cd command
Allows you to change the current directory. Let me remind you that the directory in which you are in this moment located, listed here:
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To change the current directory type: cd (space) C:\Folder name and press Enter.
Notes:
- If you want to open a new directory on the same disk where the current one is located, then you do not need to register the disk; you just need to indicate the name of the desired directory.
- In order to use the command CD move to another drive, you need to add this parameter (sometimes called a flag) /D, that is, the command to switch to another disk will look like this:
cd /D D:\
mkdir command
Allows you to create new folders with the name you specify.
Default command mkdir creates folders in the current directory. If you need to create a folder in another directory, write this, for example:
Using the same command, you can immediately create a directory tree.
rmdir command
Used to delete directories. Something like this:
Note: default command rmdir deletes only empty directories. If you use it to try to delete a folder with contents, you will see the following message:
To delete a non-empty folder, use the command rmdir need to add parameter /S. Like this:
Don't forget to confirm the deletion by pressing the " Y" And Enter.
shutdown command
I think it's clear from the name that this command allows you to turn off the computer. I foresee a completely logical question - why turn off the computer using the command line, when it is much easier to turn it off through the main menu Windows. But imagine, for example, that you need to leave, and the computer is still performing some task that you do not want to interrupt, but the computer must nevertheless be turned off. In this case, the command shutdown irreplaceable.
So, on the command line, type:
shutdown (space) –s
In this case, the computer will simply turn off. If you need a delayed shutdown of your computer, type:
shutdown (space) –s (space) –t (space) time in seconds, through which the computer should turn off:
Once you click Enter, the countdown of the time remaining until the computer turns off will begin. IN XP it looks like this:
IN Windows 7:
If you change your mind about turning off the computer, you can stop the countdown by adding the –a parameter to the command shutdown. Like this:
And the countdown will be disabled.
systeminfo command
Provides detailed information about system configuration, version information, type, processor, version BIOS, memory capacity, etc. Like this:
z
driverquery command
Lists all installed device drivers and their properties. If you add the parameter to the command /V, in addition to the list of drivers, their status will also be displayed.
cls command
When the command prompt window becomes filled with various text and becomes difficult to operate, the command cls allows you to clear the screen.
msconfig command
Calls the service " Windows System Configuration".
I think that for many it will not be new.
regedit command
Opens a utility that allows you to edit the system registry Windows.
chkdsk command
Intended. If the command is used without additional parameters, a report on the status of the current disk is displayed.
Here are some command parameters that may be useful when checking disks:
- /f– sets the correction of errors on the disk. For the scan to begin, the disk must be locked. If the drive is not locked, you will be prompted to check the drive the next time you restart your computer.
- /v– allows you to display the names of scanned files and directories;
- /r– allows you to detect damaged disk sectors and restore that part of the data that can still be read.
format command
Using this command you can format your hard drive. I don’t recommend doing this now :) Syntax:
format (space) C: Enter.
The following additional parameters exist for this command:
- /fs determines the file system when formatting a disk;
- /v allows you to set a volume label;
- /a allows you to set the cluster size. If this parameter is not specified, the cluster will be determined automatically based on the disk size.
This is the bare minimum :)
pathping command
The utility that this command runs provides information about data loss on intermediate nodes between the origin and destination. The command sends ping messages to each router along the path over a period of time, and then calculates the loss rate for each router based on the responses received. This way you can identify routers that have problems accessing the network.
netstat command
Displays active connections TCP, ports listened to by the computer, statistics Ethernet, routing tables IP, statistics IPv4(for IP, ICMP, TCP and UDP protocols) and IPv6(for protocols IPv6, ICMPv6, TCP through IPv6 And UDP through IPv6). If you run the command without parameters, only connections will be displayed TCP.
tasklist command
Launches a command line utility that displays a list of all processes running on the system with PID- code and size of the occupied space random access memory. If the command is run without additional parameters, a list of processes on the current computer is displayed.
To see the list of processes on the remote computer, use the parameter /s indicating IP addresses or computer domain name.
taskkill command
Unlike the previous command, this one is intended to stop a process on a local or remote system. A process can be stopped by its ID. To do this, use the parameter /pid. For example, like this:
taskkill (space) /pid (space) 3148 Enter
In addition, the process can be stopped by image name by adding the / parameter im. Like this:
taskkill (space) /im (space) AnVir.exe Enter
Further.
sfc team
A very useful utility that is designed to restore damaged system files. Here are some parameters it works with:
- /scannow- immediate scanning of all protected system files;
- /scanonce- checking protected system files the next time the system boots;
- /scanboot– scanning of all protected system files every time the system boots;
Afterword
This material presents the bare minimum for working with the console. In subsequent articles, there may be more interesting and useful commands. However, you can study some of them yourself by entering the command in the console help, after which, having selected the command you are interested in, enter HELP<имя команды> to learn about its syntax and other components:
As always, if you have any questions, additions, thanks, etc., write in the comments.
Remember that you are better!
Which means everything will be fine.
Stay with us.
PS: For the existence of this article, special thanks to a friend of the project and a member of our team under the nickname “Wolverine”.
In Windows 7, there are operations that are impossible or difficult to perform through a regular graphical interface, but they can actually be carried out through the Command Line interface using the CMD.EXE interpreter. Let's look at the basic commands that users can use when using this tool.
Using commands in the Command Prompt, you launch various utilities and perform certain operations. Often the main command expression is used together with a number of attributes, which are written separated by a slash ( / ). It is these attributes that initiate the execution of specific operations.
We do not set ourselves the goal of describing absolutely all the commands used when using the CMD.EXE tool. To do this, I would have to write more than one article. We will try to fit information about the most useful and popular command expressions on one page, dividing them into groups.
Launching system utilities
First of all, let's look at the expressions that are responsible for launching important system utilities.
CHKDSK– launches the Check Disk utility, which performs . This command expression can be entered with additional attributes, which, in turn, trigger the execution of certain operations:
- /f– disk recovery in case of detection of logical errors;
- /r– restoration of drive sectors in case of detection of physical damage;
- /x– disconnecting the specified hard drive;
- /scan– proactive scanning;
- C:, D:, E: …— specifying logical drives for scanning;
- /? – call up help about the operation of the Check Disk utility.
SFC– launch the utility. This command expression is most often used with the attribute /scannow. It runs a tool that checks OS files for compliance with standards. In case of damage, if you have an installation disk, it is possible to restore the integrity of system objects.
Working with files and folders
The next group of expressions is designed to work with files and folders.
APPEND– opening files in a user-specified folder as if they were in the required directory. A prerequisite is to indicate the path to the folder to which the action will be applied. The recording is made according to the following template:
append [;] [[computer drive:]path[;...]]
When using this command, you can apply the following attributes:
- /e– recording a complete list of files;
- /? – launch help.
ATTRIB– the command is intended to change the attributes of files or folders. Same as in the previous case, prerequisite is the input along with a command expression of the full path to the object being processed. The following keys are used to set attributes:
- h– hidden;
- s– systemic;
- r- only for reading;
- a– archival.
In order to apply or disable an attribute, the sign is placed in front of the key accordingly «+» or «-» .
COPY– used to copy files and directories from one directory to another. When using the command, be sure to indicate the full path of the copy object and the folder into which it will be performed. The following attributes can be used with this command expression:
- /v– checking the correctness of copying;
- /z– copying objects from the network;
- /y– rewriting the final object if the names match without confirmation;
- /? – activation of help.
DEL– deleting files from the specified directory. The command expression allows for the use of a number of attributes:
- /p– enabling a request to confirm deletion before manipulating each object;
- /q– disable the request when deleting;
- /s– deleting objects in directories and subdirectories;
- /a:— deleting objects with the specified attributes, which are assigned using the same keys as when using the command ATTRIB.
R.D.– is analogous to the previous command expression, but deletes not files, but folders in the specified directory. When used, the same attributes can be applied.
DIR– displays a list of all subdirectories and files that are located in the specified directory. The following attributes are used along with the main expression:
- /q– obtaining information about the owner of the file;
- /s– displaying a list of files from the specified directory;
- /w– displaying a list in several columns;
- /o– sorting the list of displayed objects ( e- by extension; n- by name; d- by date; s- to size);
- /d– display a list in several columns with sorting by these columns;
- /b– display only file names;
- /a– displays objects with certain attributes, which are specified using the same keys as when using the ATTRIB command.
REN– used to rename directories and files. The path to the object and its new name are specified as arguments to this command. For example, to rename the file file.txt, which is located in the folder "Folder" located in the root directory of the disk D, in the file file2.txt, you need to enter the following expression:
REN D:\folder\file.txt file2.txt
M.D.– is intended for creating a new folder. In the command syntax, you must specify the drive on which the new directory will be located, and the directory where it will be located if it is nested. For example, to create a directory folderN, which is located in the directory folder on disk E, you should enter the following expression:
md E:\folder\folderN
Working with text files
The next block of commands is designed to work with text.
TYPE– displays the contents of text files on the screen. The required arguments to this command are the full path to the object whose text should be viewed. For example, to view the contents of file.txt located in the folder "Folder" on disk D, you need to enter the following command expression:
TYPE D:\folder\file.txt
PRINT– prints the contents of a text file. The syntax of this command is similar to the previous one, but instead of displaying text on the screen, it is printed.
FIND– searches for a text string in files. Along with this command, the path to the object in which the search is performed must be indicated, as well as the name of the searched string, enclosed in quotation marks. In addition, the following attributes apply with this expression:
- /c– displays the total number of lines containing the searched expression;
- /v– output lines that do not contain the search expression;
- /I– case insensitive search.
Working with accounts
Using the command line, you can view and manage information about system users.
FINGER– displaying information about users registered in the operating system. The required argument of this command is the name of the user about whom you want to obtain data. Alternatively, you can use the attribute /i. In this case, the information will be displayed in a list format.
TSCON– attaches a user session to a terminal session. When using this command, you must specify the session ID or its name, as well as the password of the user to whom it belongs. The password should be specified after the attribute /PASSWORD.
Working with Processes
The next block of commands is designed to control processes on the computer.
QPROCESS– providing data about running processes on a PC. The information displayed will include the name of the process, the name of the user who launched it, the name of the session, ID and PID.
TASKKILL– used to terminate processes. The required argument is the name of the element that needs to be stopped. It is indicated after the attribute /IM. You can also terminate not by name, but by process ID. In this case the attribute is used /PID.
Networking
Using the command line, it is possible to manage various network activities.
GETMAC– starts displaying the MAC address connected to the computer network card. If there are several adapters, all their addresses are displayed.
NETSH– initiates the launch of the utility of the same name, which is used to display information about network parameters and change them. This command, due to its very broad functionality, has great amount attributes, each of which is responsible for performing a specific task. To obtain detailed information about them, you can use Help using the following command expression:
NETSTAT– displaying statistical information about network connections.
Other commands
There are also a number of other command expressions used when using CMD.EXE that cannot be separated into separate groups.
TIME– viewing and setting the PC system time. When you enter this command expression, the current time is displayed on the screen, which can be changed to any other time in the very bottom line.
DATE– the syntax command is completely similar to the previous one, but is used not to display and change the time, but to launch these procedures in relation to the date.
SHUTDOWN– turns off the computer. This expression can be used both locally and remotely.
BREAK– disable or start the button combination processing mode Ctrl+C.
ECHO– displays text messages and is used to switch their display modes.
This is far from full list all commands that are used when using the CMD.EXE interface. Nevertheless, we tried to reveal the names, as well as briefly describe the syntax and main functions of the most popular ones, for convenience, dividing them into groups by purpose.